Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince Edward County, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove			OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	25,704	...	...	14,223,942	...	...
Population, 2016¹	24,735	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,557	...	...	5,929,250	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,332	...	...	5,491,201	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	24.4	...	...	15.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,052.61	...	...	892,411.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	25,700	12,480	13,220	14,223,945	6,970,855	7,253,085
0 to 14 years	2,980	1,545	1,435	2,251,795	1,155,630	1,096,160
0 to 4 years	925	465	455	683,515	350,035	333,480
5 to 9 years	1,035	550	495	764,430	392,380	372,050
10 to 14 years	1,020	530	490	803,850	413,215	390,635
15 to 64 years	14,115	6,880	7,235	9,334,440	4,616,340	4,718,100
15 to 19 years	940	500	440	801,455	413,485	387,970
20 to 24 years	855	430	430	895,600	465,525	430,075
25 to 29 years	965	470	500	975,400	497,185	478,215
30 to 34 years	1,180	600	580	981,210	487,465	493,745
35 to 39 years	1,295	620	675	948,030	463,170	484,860
40 to 44 years	1,235	615	615	890,160	427,860	462,295
45 to 49 years	1,250	620	630	894,580	430,580	464,005
50 to 54 years	1,480	730	755	941,270	455,420	485,845
55 to 59 years	2,225	1,050	1,175	1,040,160	507,700	532,465
60 to 64 years	2,680	1,240	1,440	966,575	467,955	498,625
65 years and over	8,605	4,060	4,540	2,637,710	1,198,880	1,438,825
65 to 69 years	2,610	1,210	1,400	813,215	386,325	426,890
70 to 74 years	2,405	1,240	1,165	691,280	325,435	365,840
75 to 79 years	1,600	760	840	469,485	217,485	252,000
80 to 84 years	1,005	480	530	325,110	143,070	182,045
85 years and over	980	370	605	338,620	126,565	212,050
85 to 89 years	630	260	365	205,480	83,875	121,605
90 to 94 years	260	90	175	101,430	34,715	66,710
95 to 99 years	75	20	50	28,000	7,235	20,770
100 years and over	15	5	10	3,705	745	2,965
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.6	12.4	10.9	15.8	16.6	15.1
15 to 64 years	54.9	55.1	54.7	65.6	66.2	65.0
65 years and over	33.5	32.5	34.3	18.5	17.2	19.8
85 years and over	3.8	3.0	4.6	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	50.7	49.7	51.6	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	56.8	55.6	57.6	41.6	40.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Single-detached house	9,750	...	...	2,942,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	240	...	...	303,260	...	...
Row house	330	...	...	505,265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	60	...	...	181,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	775	...	...	548,785	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	984,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	10,220	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	115	...	...	14,985	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,335	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
1 person	3,055	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
2 persons	5,255	...	...	1,798,040	...	...
3 persons	1,365	...	...	872,480	...	...
4 persons	1,080	...	...	825,445	...	...
5 or more persons	575	...	...	542,700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	22,725	10,940	11,780	11,972,145	5,815,220	6,156,925
Married or living common-law	14,880	7,460	7,415	6,769,725	3,384,485	3,385,240
Married	12,095	6,080	6,010	5,738,390	2,866,825	2,871,565
Living common-law	2,785	1,385	1,400	1,031,340	517,665	513,670
Living common law - Never married	1,540	770	770	727,825	366,175	361,650
Living common law - Separated	185	100	90	55,440	29,445	25,995
Living common law - Divorced	920	440	480	220,445	110,510	109,935
Living common law - Widowed	145	75	65	27,625	11,535	16,095
Not married and not living common-law	7,840	3,475	4,365	5,202,420	2,430,735	2,771,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,135	2,215	1,915	3,515,215	1,885,705	1,629,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated	550	260	290	333,775	139,675	194,100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,410	585	820	695,630	266,865	428,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,750	415	1,335	657,800	138,495	519,305
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,175	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
2 persons	5,520	...	...	1,936,595	...	...
3 persons	1,290	...	...	877,660	...	...
4 persons	985	...	...	811,380	...	...
5 or more persons	390	...	...	344,035	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,175	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
Total couple families	7,305	...	...	3,291,560	...	...
Married couples	5,915	...	...	2,776,165	...	...
With children⁶	1,895	...	...	1,571,480	...	...
Without children	4,020	...	...	1,204,680	...	...
Common-law couples	1,390	...	...	515,395	...	...
With children⁶	465	...	...	189,835	...	...
Without children	925	...	...	325,560	...	...
Total one-parent families	870	...	...	678,110	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	645	...	...	538,450	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	225	...	...	139,660	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Total - Persons in census families	20,925	10,455	10,475	11,601,460	5,741,475	5,859,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,615	7,310	7,305	6,583,120	3,292,585	3,290,525
Parents in one-parent families	870	220	650	678,110	139,660	538,450
Children⁶	5,450	2,920	2,525	4,340,235	2,309,225	2,031,005
In a two-parent family	4,150	2,205	1,945	3,281,460	1,736,630	1,544,825
In a one-parent family	1,300	720	580	1,058,775	572,595	486,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,260	1,820	2,440	2,430,295	1,146,280	1,284,010
Living alone	3,060	1,245	1,810	1,452,540	651,180	801,365
Living with other relatives⁷	480	185	300	388,780	155,465	233,320
Living with non-relatives only	720	395	325	588,970	339,640	249,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,330	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,355	...	...	3,347,195	...	...
Couple-family households	6,715	...	...	2,841,660	...	...
With children⁶	2,130	...	...	1,517,365	...	...
Without children	4,575	...	...	1,324,295	...	...
One-parent-family households	645	...	...	505,535	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	255	...	...	221,120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...	45,215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	300	...	...	184,430	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	305	...	...	240,700	...	...
One-person households	3,055	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,800	10,535	11,260	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,000	41,200	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,810	10,545	11,265	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,000	32,800	37,200	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,560	9,525	10,030	10,010,415	4,968,685	5,041,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,000	27,000	36,000	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,820	7,115	6,705	8,153,180	4,198,670	3,954,510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,400	26,600	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,880	9,560	10,320	10,239,835	4,910,535	5,329,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,300	13,200	8,900	6,850	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,565	720	845	1,054,225	467,500	586,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,160	5,760	5,600	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,605	2,125	2,475	3,327,770	1,623,900	1,703,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,795	10,565	11,230	11,296,770	5,486,720	5,810,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	65,700	46,760	56,350	64,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,805	10,570	11,235	11,302,690	5,489,710	5,812,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	51,400	39,480	46,280	51,900	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,530	9,530	10,005	10,011,345	4,970,240	5,041,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,040	61,250	39,360	52,700	62,350	43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,820	7,130	6,690	8,153,185	4,198,665	3,954,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	48,600	38,120	52,600	60,500	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,925	9,590	10,335	10,242,610	4,912,020	5,330,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,160	11,560	12,720	10,640	9,440	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,645	760	885	1,052,985	466,380	586,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,480	6,740	6,640	6,120	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,625	2,165	2,460	3,321,155	1,619,825	1,701,335
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,290	8,720	9,300	9,150	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	22,230	10,750	11,480	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,870	3,240	2,630	3,865,695	2,145,810	1,719,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	60,000	56,400	67,000	72,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,500	76,000	65,800	82,400	90,700	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,285	2,405	2,875	3,112,160	1,451,440	1,660,720
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	21,200	15,100	17,400	19,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	31,720	23,100	28,520	32,760	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.0	75.0	82.8	87.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	49.3	49.9	48.5	67.4	71.4	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.9	16.0	25.0	17.1	13.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.0	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.2	2.6	4.1	4.9	4.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	22,230	10,750	11,480	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without total income	425	210	220	488,030	248,310	239,725
With total income	21,800	10,540	11,260	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,495	680	820	977,950	423,650	554,300
$10,000 to $19,999	2,930	1,225	1,705	1,383,475	596,755	786,720
$20,000 to $29,999	3,570	1,500	2,070	1,752,040	763,295	988,745
$30,000 to $39,999	2,920	1,300	1,625	1,388,215	609,735	778,480
$40,000 to $49,999	2,470	1,180	1,290	1,190,885	547,655	643,230
$50,000 to $59,999	1,990	995	1,000	985,270	468,060	517,205
$60,000 to $69,999	1,610	840	770	782,980	396,770	386,210
$70,000 to $79,999	1,165	645	520	612,620	331,080	281,545
$80,000 to $89,999	810	460	350	477,445	271,290	206,150
$90,000 to $99,999	585	340	250	385,830	218,395	167,435
$100,000 and over	2,250	1,375	870	1,358,115	858,695	499,415
$100,000 to $149,999	1,380	805	570	897,615	538,590	359,025
$150,000 and over	870	575	295	460,495	320,105	140,395
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	22,230	10,750	11,480	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without after-tax income	415	200	210	482,035	245,195	236,845
With after-tax income	21,815	10,545	11,265	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,690	735	955	1,025,995	440,280	585,715
$10,000 to $19,999	3,050	1,280	1,770	1,442,850	625,100	817,750
$20,000 to $29,999	4,010	1,705	2,305	1,967,040	859,195	1,107,840
$30,000 to $39,999	3,420	1,580	1,840	1,621,120	733,430	887,690
$40,000 to $49,999	2,765	1,360	1,410	1,384,490	655,400	729,090
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	1,085	995	1,068,365	535,895	532,470
$60,000 to $69,999	1,450	800	650	782,135	422,645	359,495
$70,000 to $79,999	940	535	405	572,210	325,895	246,315
$80,000 to $89,999	695	365	325	457,650	249,665	207,980
$90,000 to $99,999	405	245	165	280,640	169,480	111,160
$100,000 and over	1,305	860	450	698,310	471,495	226,815
$100,000 to $124,999	610	390	220	344,450	223,970	120,480
$125,000 and over	700	475	230	353,860	247,525	106,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	22,230	10,750	11,480	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without employment income	8,410	3,635	4,775	3,629,670	1,535,015	2,094,650
With employment income	13,815	7,115	6,705	8,153,175	4,198,665	3,954,510
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,890	1,540	1,355	1,218,885	604,555	614,330
$5,000 to $9,999	1,155	490	670	688,670	304,845	383,825
$10,000 to $19,999	1,620	745	875	928,840	424,990	503,850
$20,000 to $29,999	1,295	625	665	696,570	325,510	371,065
$30,000 to $39,999	1,245	600	645	677,110	320,720	356,390
$40,000 to $49,999	1,115	540	570	672,005	320,925	351,080
$50,000 to $59,999	950	480	475	611,665	307,370	304,290
$60,000 to $69,999	800	455	350	519,955	278,350	241,605
$70,000 to $79,999	550	305	245	419,875	237,375	182,500
$80,000 to $89,999	410	240	170	352,235	207,090	145,150
$90,000 to $99,999	355	195	160	316,750	176,135	140,615
$100,000 and over	1,430	905	525	1,050,620	690,800	359,820
$100,000 to $124,999	610	365	250	489,720	295,720	194,005
$125,000 and over	815	540	275	560,895	395,080	165,810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,545	10,405	11,140	11,051,405	5,357,685	5,693,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	34,000	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,560	10,405	11,150	11,055,345	5,358,275	5,697,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	31,000	35,600	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,485	9,485	9,995	9,877,245	4,895,500	4,981,740
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400	37,600	44,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,085	7,205	6,875	8,159,090	4,190,670	3,968,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,400	28,400	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,070	9,195	9,870	9,643,335	4,616,005	5,027,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	8,000	10,000	2,200	1,010	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,350	610	740	723,990	308,550	415,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,640	5,280	5,640	5,360	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,520	10,420	11,100	11,053,285	5,358,015	5,695,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,450	60,700	44,640	53,800	62,850	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,525	10,420	11,105	11,057,080	5,358,540	5,698,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,360	49,240	37,840	44,080	50,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,350	9,450	9,905	9,878,270	4,896,015	4,982,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880	58,200	39,960	53,250	63,150	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,045	7,235	6,810	8,160,870	4,191,675	3,969,185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	51,900	38,520	52,700	60,850	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,105	9,220	9,885	9,644,415	4,616,310	5,028,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,550	9,010	10,060	7,150	5,990	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,365	590	775	725,250	308,485	416,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	7,040	6,440	7,340	6,410	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	22,230	10,750	11,480	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,805	3,220	2,585	3,830,200	2,124,710	1,705,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,000	53,200	62,800	68,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,800	72,200	62,350	77,800	86,600	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,065	2,325	2,735	2,925,680	1,365,355	1,560,325
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	26,800	19,400	23,600	26,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,080	45,000	28,480	34,640	39,840	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	86.8	80.0	88.4	91.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	56.5	59.4	52.9	72.4	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	16.2	13.1	20.1	11.6	8.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,335	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,055	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,275	...	...	4,038,660	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,100	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,065	...	...	1,451,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,270	...	...	4,039,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,200	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	61,515	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	30,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	63,360	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	185	...	...	96,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...	186,250	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	410	...	...	168,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...	158,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	440	...	...	175,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	182,900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	415	...	...	182,945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	885	...	...	370,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	885	...	...	364,585	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	815	...	...	350,520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	755	...	...	332,395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	710	...	...	310,400	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,295	...	...	2,455,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,360	...	...	662,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	945	...	...	500,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	985	...	...	630,420	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,005	...	...	661,550	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	69,645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...	32,100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...	65,025	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...	101,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	430	...	...	197,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	475	...	...	190,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	445	...	...	183,505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	495	...	...	204,300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	555	...	...	215,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	500	...	...	217,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,040	...	...	440,280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,030	...	...	430,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	945	...	...	409,865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	885	...	...	385,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	740	...	...	343,595	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,310	...	...	2,003,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,310	...	...	685,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	745	...	...	472,130	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,250	...	...	846,155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,055	...	...	3,875,790	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,640	...	...	1,361,615	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,415	...	...	1,770,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	780	...	...	610,815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,780	1,640	2,140	2,041,505	990,815	1,050,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	39,600	38,000	38,800	40,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	35,600	34,800	35,600	36,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,030	...	...	3,873,665	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,800	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,645	...	...	1,359,275	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,430	...	...	1,773,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400	...	...	168,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	740	...	...	607,780	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,790	1,625	2,170	2,039,230	985,390	1,053,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	51,650	51,500	51,800	54,250	49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,440	40,880	43,640	43,440	44,880	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,755	7,143,995
0 to 17 years	3,530	1,830	1,700	2,726,265	1,400,695	1,325,570
0 to 5 years	1,135	580	555	831,185	425,620	405,560
18 to 64 years	13,380	6,480	6,900	8,795,220	4,328,780	4,466,440
65 years and over	8,280	3,965	4,315	2,510,270	1,158,280	1,351,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,545	1,165	1,385	1,420,525	664,975	755,550
0 to 17 years	380	200	180	314,150	161,695	152,455
0 to 5 years	125	60	65	102,930	52,570	50,360
18 to 64 years	1,320	625	695	803,215	385,100	418,120
65 years and over	840	335	505	303,160	118,180	184,980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.5	10.7	10.1	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.1	10.6	11.5	11.5	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.8	11.6	12.4	12.4	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.6	10.1	9.1	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	10.2	8.4	11.8	12.1	10.2	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	25,190	12,275	12,910	13,977,120	6,860,325	7,116,790
0 to 17 years	3,530	1,830	1,700	2,709,120	1,391,825	1,317,290
0 to 5 years	1,130	580	550	825,865	422,885	402,980
18 to 64 years	13,380	6,480	6,900	8,763,785	4,313,030	4,450,755
65 years and over	8,275	3,965	4,310	2,504,220	1,155,470	1,348,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	625	320	305	738,795	379,035	359,760
0 to 17 years	65	35	35	126,035	64,885	61,150
0 to 5 years	25	10	10	39,415	20,100	19,315
18 to 64 years	450	235	215	541,410	283,705	257,710
65 years and over	105	45	55	71,350	30,450	40,900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	5.3	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	1.8	2.4	4.8	4.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.3	2.9	2.6	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,760	7,143,995
In bottom half of the distribution	12,750	6,090	6,655	6,516,085	3,131,205	3,384,880
In bottom decile	2,205	1,075	1,135	1,318,120	643,165	674,955
In second decile	2,715	1,230	1,485	1,283,940	594,495	689,440
In third decile	2,600	1,245	1,355	1,292,030	618,405	673,625
In fourth decile	2,665	1,310	1,355	1,296,710	628,155	668,555
In fifth decile	2,565	1,235	1,325	1,325,280	646,975	678,300
In top half of the distribution	12,440	6,185	6,260	7,515,670	3,756,555	3,759,115
In sixth decile	2,505	1,235	1,265	1,365,960	672,380	693,580
In seventh decile	2,420	1,195	1,225	1,415,070	700,525	714,550
In eighth decile	2,465	1,220	1,245	1,482,300	739,210	743,095
In ninth decile	2,290	1,145	1,145	1,581,535	794,505	787,030
In top decile	2,760	1,385	1,375	1,670,800	849,940	820,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	25,190	...	...	14,031,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.364	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.492	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.313	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English only	23,405	11,500	11,910	12,196,575	6,083,990	6,112,590
French only	0	0	0	39,310	17,190	22,125
English and French	1,935	830	1,105	1,519,365	678,385	840,975
Neither English nor French	70	40	35	344,545	138,355	206,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	24,950	12,140	12,810	13,179,535	6,510,015	6,669,520
French	375	175	200	484,425	227,550	256,875
English and French	15	5	5	98,270	45,480	52,790
Neither English nor French	70	35	35	337,560	134,870	202,685
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	25,150	12,250	12,900	13,430,605	6,594,620	6,835,990
Official languages	23,880	11,620	12,265	9,642,770	4,785,140	4,857,635
English	23,485	11,430	12,060	9,179,655	4,566,580	4,613,080
French	395	185	210	463,120	218,560	244,550
Non-official languages	1,265	635	635	3,787,835	1,809,480	1,978,355
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	14,475	6,735	7,740
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	13,545	6,360	7,185
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,365	1,455
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	2,800	1,360	1,440
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	60	20	35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	550	240	315
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,975	985	990
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	70	35	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	60	25	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10,645	4,955	5,690
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,225
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	6,365	2,920	3,445
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	280	130	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,000	2,745	3,250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	510	200	310
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	505	195	305
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	270	100	165
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	190	75	115
Oneida	0	0	0	40	10	25
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	20	5	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Non-Indigenous languages	1,265	635	635	3,773,365	1,802,745	1,970,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	310,765	156,145	154,620
Berber languages	0	0	0	855	480	370
Kabyle	0	0	0	580	315	265
Tamazight	0	0	0	215	130	80
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Chadic languages	0	0	0	635	350	280
Hausa	0	0	0	560	315	245
Mina	0	0	0	70	35	35
Coptic	0	0	0	535	265	275
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	27,575	12,405	15,170
Bilen	0	0	0	930	495	440
Oromo	0	0	0	1,540	760	785
Somali	0	0	0	24,700	10,945	13,755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	405	215	190
Semitic languages	45	25	20	281,160	142,645	138,515
Amharic	0	0	0	12,490	5,745	6,740
Arabic	40	25	15	214,230	109,870	104,360
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	24,105	11,685	12,420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	15,665	7,535	8,125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	7,480	3,655	3,820
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	960	485	475
Harari	0	0	0	970	430	540
Hebrew	0	0	0	11,630	6,255	5,375
Maltese	5	0	0	4,120	1,950	2,175
Tigrigna	0	0	0	13,360	6,585	6,775
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	130	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	84,300	37,815	46,485
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,065	3,170	3,900
Vietnamese	15	5	5	77,085	34,585	42,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	140	60	80
Austronesian languages	40	15	25	208,395	83,860	124,535
Bikol	0	0	0	685	300	385
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,735	1,115	1,625
Cebuano	5	0	0	5,900	2,290	3,615
Fijian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	3,775	1,460	2,315
Ilocano	0	0	0	14,680	5,995	8,680
Indonesian	0	0	0	5,440	2,345	3,095
Kankanaey	0	0	0	375	160	215
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	275	115	160
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	55	70
Merina	0	0	0	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	50
Malay	0	0	0	540	220	325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	1,910	875	1,040
Pangasinan	0	0	0	750	320	430
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	20	168,845	67,675	101,175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	590	240	355
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,710	690	1,020
Creole languages	5	5	0	11,690	5,335	6,355
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5,160	2,260	2,905
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	435	220	210
Krio	0	0	0	290	115	170
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,990	955	1,035
Sango	0	0	0	45	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,690	1,255	1,435
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,080	500	580
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	185,145	93,855	91,285
Kannada	0	0	0	4,335	2,215	2,115
Malayalam	5	0	0	32,805	17,970	14,835
Tamil	10	0	5	126,640	61,665	64,970
Telugu	0	0	0	20,715	11,690	9,030
Tulu	0	0	0	415	205	210
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	105	130
Georgian	0	0	0	1,650	890	760
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	480	225	255
Indo-European languages	980	500	480	2,119,610	1,032,375	1,087,230
Albanian	0	0	0	20,720	10,295	10,425
Armenian	5	0	5	14,680	7,060	7,620
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	110	377,895	172,690	205,205
Baltic languages	10	10	5	7,425	3,050	4,370
Latvian	5	5	5	3,050	1,250	1,800
Lithuanian	5	5	5	4,370	1,800	2,570
Slavic languages	190	90	100	370,475	169,640	200,840
Belarusian	0	0	0	440	200	240
Bulgarian	5	0	0	8,565	4,050	4,520
Czech	25	10	10	9,060	4,035	5,025
Macedonian	5	5	5	13,620	6,490	7,130
Polish	75	30	40	106,275	47,780	58,495
Russian	35	15	25	104,310	46,870	57,440
Rusyn	0	0	0	225	105	115
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10	77,145	37,410	39,740
Bosnian	0	0	0	7,140	3,495	3,650
Croatian	0	0	0	28,385	13,465	14,925
Serbian	5	5	5	40,465	19,915	20,555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	545	610
Slovak	10	10	5	8,675	3,910	4,765
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	5,520	2,350	3,175
Ukrainian	30	15	10	36,340	16,285	20,055
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135
Celtic languages	5	0	0	795	390	405
Irish	0	0	0	225	120	105
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	170	85	85
Welsh	0	0	0	320	140	175
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Germanic languages	455	225	230	167,265	78,455	88,810
Frisian	15	5	5	970	465	505
High German languages	215	105	110	102,915	47,630	55,285
German	205	105	100	89,075	40,865	48,205
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	8,895	4,435	4,460
Swiss German	5	5	5	2,390	1,125	1,265
Yiddish	0	0	0	2,555	1,200	1,350
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	100	100	56,725	27,350	29,375
Afrikaans	5	0	0	2,865	1,460	1,405
Dutch	195	95	95	41,240	19,735	21,505
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,930	965	970
Low Saxon	0	0	0	440	210	230
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	8,610	4,275	4,340
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	1,630	700	930
Scandinavian languages	25	10	20	6,440	2,905	3,530
Danish	15	0	10	3,370	1,545	1,830
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	80	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	800	350	445
Swedish	5	5	0	2,090	930	1,160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	105	115
Greek	30	20	15	47,970	23,270	24,700
Indo-Iranian languages	55	25	25	884,995	452,190	432,805
Indo-Aryan languages	35	15	15	715,085	367,815	347,270
Assamese	0	0	0	325	150	175
Bengali	0	0	0	54,990	27,905	27,085
Gujarati	10	5	5	95,785	50,450	45,340
Hindi	0	0	0	87,035	45,590	41,445
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,880	1,760	2,120
Kashmiri	0	0	0	460	230	230
Konkani	0	0	0	2,595	1,260	1,340
Marathi	0	0	0	9,460	4,875	4,585
Nepali	0	0	0	12,430	6,280	6,155
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,325	690	630
Odia	0	0	0	830	445	380
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	490	245	245
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	260,075	135,000	125,075
Rohingya	0	0	0	290	145	145
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,670	1,375	1,300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	11,040	5,400	5,645
Urdu	15	5	10	170,955	85,745	85,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	955	805
Iranian languages	20	10	5	169,765	84,295	85,470
Baluchi	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kurdish	0	0	0	9,120	4,850	4,275
Parsi	0	0	0	330	180	145
Pashto	0	0	0	12,780	6,585	6,195
Persian languages	20	10	5	146,700	72,240	74,460
Dari	0	0	0	34,340	16,650	17,685
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	97,135	47,970	49,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,230	7,615	7,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	260	240
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	85	65
Italic (Romance) languages	225	125	100	605,070	287,915	317,155
Catalan	0	0	0	285	140	140
Italian	80	40	35	194,125	92,875	101,255
Portuguese	45	25	20	153,750	73,670	80,080
Romanian	15	10	10	38,955	18,100	20,850
Spanish	85	50	30	217,245	102,760	114,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	710	370	345
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100
Japanese	10	5	5	12,880	4,245	8,635
Korean	15	5	5	75,220	34,160	41,065
Mongolian	0	0	0	535	235	305
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	42,470	19,960	22,515
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	9,325	4,405	4,915
Bamanankan	0	0	0	185	100	85
Edo	0	0	0	1,165	475	685
Éwé	0	0	0	485	235	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	480	245	230
Ga	0	0	0	510	235	275
Ganda	0	0	0	1,195	560	635
Gikuyu	0	0	0	460	180	280
Igbo	0	0	0	2,385	1,220	1,170
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,920	845	1,075
Lingala	0	0	0	825	350	475
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	135	55	80
Mòoré	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mwani	0	0	0	345	180	165
Ndebele	0	0	0	335	155	180
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,705	1,225	1,480
Shona	0	0	0	1,580	710	875
Soninke	0	0	0	195	115	75
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	230	85	150
Swahili	0	0	0	6,445	3,010	3,440
Wojenaka	0	0	0	60	35	30
Wolof	0	0	0	460	240	220
Yoruba	0	0	0	7,335	3,560	3,775
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,655	1,710	1,940
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	1,935	955	985
Dinka	0	0	0	325	165	160
Nuer	0	0	0	320	150	170
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,125	555	570
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	80	80
Sign languages	10	5	5	2,775	1,480	1,300
American Sign Language	5	5	5	2,360	1,235	1,125
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	35	20	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	225	160
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	30	40	632,250	291,600	340,655
Chinese languages	65	25	40	621,980	286,570	335,410
Hakka	0	0	0	6,215	2,860	3,350
Mandarin	35	15	20	327,470	150,700	176,770
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,015	525	495
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	10,290	4,630	5,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	4,190	1,890	2,300
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	15	267,425	123,440	143,990
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,080	2,385	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	140	160
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10,000	4,905	5,095
Burmese	0	0	0	1,540	755	790
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	440	200	240
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,765	875	895
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,530	755	775
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	115	120
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,785	2,845	2,940
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	460	230	230
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	130	145
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	8,265	3,360	4,905
Lao	0	0	0	4,570	2,175	2,390
Thai	10	5	0	3,535	1,120	2,420
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	65	100
Turkic languages	10	5	10	32,270	17,020	15,250
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,870	1,545	1,325
Kazakh	0	0	0	255	115	135
Turkish	5	5	5	26,740	14,190	12,550
Uyghur	0	0	0	720	360	360
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,080	520	565
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	290	320
Uralic languages	50	20	30	42,270	19,005	23,265
Estonian	10	5	5	3,450	1,510	1,940
Finnish	10	0	5	7,650	3,210	4,445
Hungarian	25	10	15	31,170	14,290	16,875
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	460	220	240
Multiple responses	260	115	150	669,185	323,300	345,885
English and French	115	50	70	96,260	45,030	51,235
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	494,610	242,470	252,140
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	15,710	7,085	8,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	16,770	7,725	9,045
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	45,835	20,990	24,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	24,300	11,840	12,460	9,630,975	4,782,040	4,848,935
French	50	30	20	188,560	89,335	99,230
Non-official language	160	90	75	1,124,950	528,060	596,895
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,630	1,260	1,375
Non-Indigenous	160	90	75	1,122,315	526,805	595,515
English and French	245	110	140	274,675	124,275	150,400
English and non-official language(s)	600	275	330	2,647,980	1,289,510	1,358,470
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	14,065	6,055	8,010
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	117,430	51,870	65,565
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	101,145	46,775	54,370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	25,325	12,320	13,005	13,384,695	6,573,230	6,811,465
Official languages	25,065	12,190	12,880	11,165,425	5,509,035	5,656,395
English	24,985	12,140	12,845	10,910,560	5,389,445	5,521,125
French	85	50	35	254,870	119,590	135,275
Non-official languages	260	140	120	2,219,265	1,064,195	1,155,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	5,710	2,820	2,890
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,430	2,695	2,735
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	1,230	620	605
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	1,220	620	605
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	135	50	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,015	530	485
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	4,185	2,060	2,120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,985	995	985
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	2,195	1,065	1,125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,070	1,005	1,065
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	150	65	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	150	65	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	5	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	50	20	25
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous languages	260	140	120	2,213,555	1,061,375	1,152,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	181,660	88,245	93,420
Berber languages	0	0	0	365	195	170
Kabyle	0	0	0	220	115	100
Tamazight	0	0	0	100	55	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Chadic languages	0	0	0	355	180	170
Hausa	0	0	0	325	165	155
Mina	0	0	0	30	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0	255	125	130
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	16,105	7,125	8,980
Bilen	0	0	0	800	440	355
Oromo	0	0	0	840	385	455
Somali	0	0	0	14,230	6,180	8,050
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	115	115
Semitic languages	25	15	15	164,590	80,620	83,970
Amharic	0	0	0	6,405	2,865	3,545
Arabic	25	15	15	124,865	61,605	63,260
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	18,120	8,680	9,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	11,870	5,645	6,225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5,550	2,685	2,865
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	705	345	355
Harari	0	0	0	515	225	290
Hebrew	0	0	0	4,925	2,505	2,415
Maltese	0	0	0	770	350	420
Tigrigna	0	0	0	8,870	4,335	4,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	55,990	25,430	30,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	3,855	1,705	2,150
Vietnamese	0	0	0	52,080	23,700	28,380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	25	30
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	115,225	50,755	64,470
Bikol	0	0	0	255	115	140
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,355	600	760
Cebuano	0	0	0	3,140	1,380	1,760
Fijian	0	0	0	20	15	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	1,960	860	1,100
Ilocano	0	0	0	8,105	3,635	4,465
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,990	930	1,055
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	100	110
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	110	55	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	15	35
Merina	0	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	0	0	0	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	990	455	535
Pangasinan	0	0	0	250	115	140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	95,635	41,970	53,660
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	230	90	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	785	355	435
Creole languages	0	0	0	6,165	2,705	3,460
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	2,640	1,115	1,525
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	195	75	115
Krio	0	0	0	140	60	85
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,425	685	735
Sango	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,325	565	760
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	420	195	225
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	129,245	64,385	64,855
Kannada	0	0	0	2,165	1,110	1,055
Malayalam	0	0	0	20,855	11,325	9,535
Tamil	5	0	5	93,165	44,735	48,425
Telugu	0	0	0	12,805	7,095	5,710
Tulu	0	0	0	145	65	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	60
Georgian	0	0	0	1,040	570	475
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	185	85	95
Indo-European languages	155	85	65	1,136,460	553,970	582,490
Albanian	0	0	0	9,880	4,875	5,005
Armenian	0	0	0	8,590	4,035	4,545
Balto-Slavic languages	45	20	30	181,290	84,870	96,420
Baltic languages	0	0	0	1,640	700	940
Latvian	0	0	0	535	225	310
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,105	470	630
Slavic languages	45	20	30	179,650	84,175	95,475
Belarusian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,100	1,955	2,140
Czech	5	0	0	2,555	1,180	1,375
Macedonian	0	0	0	5,535	2,590	2,945
Polish	20	5	15	45,800	21,280	24,515
Russian	10	5	5	66,045	30,625	35,420
Rusyn	0	0	0	120	70	50
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	5	35,980	17,375	18,610
Bosnian	0	0	0	3,450	1,670	1,780
Croatian	0	0	0	9,990	4,660	5,335
Serbian	5	0	5	22,145	10,850	11,295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	400	195	205
Slovak	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,600
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,000	420	580
Ukrainian	5	0	0	15,235	7,100	8,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Irish	0	0	0	65	35	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	45	15	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Germanic languages	25	15	10	40,600	19,895	20,700
Frisian	0	0	0	85	45	45
High German languages	10	5	0	28,670	14,000	14,665
German	10	5	0	20,680	10,015	10,670
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,180	3,590	3,590
Swiss German	0	0	0	560	280	280
Yiddish	0	0	0	250	115	130
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	11,190	5,540	5,650
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,175	595	580
Dutch	5	0	0	4,055	2,000	2,050
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,265	630	640
Low Saxon	0	0	0	185	85	100
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	4,415	2,185	2,235
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	95	40	50
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	620	300	315
Danish	0	0	0	210	90	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Swedish	0	0	0	310	160	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Greek	5	5	0	19,065	8,615	10,455
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	601,605	304,195	297,410
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5	487,535	248,975	238,560
Assamese	0	0	0	145	75	70
Bengali	0	0	0	34,830	17,260	17,570
Gujarati	0	0	0	63,145	32,735	30,405
Hindi	0	0	0	52,420	27,250	25,175
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,655	725	925
Kashmiri	0	0	0	145	65	75
Konkani	0	0	0	640	295	345
Marathi	0	0	0	4,975	2,540	2,440
Nepali	0	0	0	8,910	4,555	4,355
Oriya languages	0	0	0	655	345	310
Odia	0	0	0	420	220	200
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	230	125	110
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	0	198,670	103,170	95,495
Rohingya	0	0	0	220	105	110
Sindhi	0	0	0	1,390	700	690
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5,795	2,870	2,925
Urdu	5	5	0	113,020	55,810	57,215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	930	470	455
Iranian languages	0	0	0	114,005	55,190	58,815
Baluchi	0	0	0	195	105	90
Kurdish	0	0	0	5,560	2,815	2,740
Parsi	0	0	0	170	80	90
Pashto	0	0	0	8,670	4,315	4,360
Persian languages	0	0	0	99,095	47,705	51,395
Dari	0	0	0	21,150	10,030	11,120
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	67,320	32,510	34,810
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,625	5,160	5,465
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	310	170	135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages	65	40	25	275,210	127,365	147,850
Catalan	0	0	0	105	50	55
Italian	5	0	0	58,670	24,180	34,495
Portuguese	10	5	5	74,745	35,620	39,120
Romanian	0	0	0	17,755	8,280	9,480
Spanish	40	30	10	123,690	59,125	64,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	110	130
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	40
Japanese	0	0	0	5,875	2,485	3,390
Korean	10	5	5	53,585	24,865	28,720
Mongolian	0	0	0	290	145	145
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	16,065	7,275	8,785
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	4,370	1,945	2,425
Bamanankan	0	0	0	80	40	40
Edo	0	0	0	270	105	170
Éwé	0	0	0	120	50	65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	220	110	115
Ga	0	0	0	170	70	100
Ganda	0	0	0	345	160	180
Gikuyu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Igbo	0	0	0	660	330	330
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	775	330	445
Lingala	0	0	0	330	135	190
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	35	10	25
Mòoré	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mwani	0	0	0	80	40	35
Ndebele	0	0	0	115	55	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,375	630	750
Shona	0	0	0	450	195	250
Soninke	0	0	0	105	60	40
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Swahili	0	0	0	2,775	1,250	1,525
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	15
Wolof	0	0	0	165	80	80
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,640	1,200	1,435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	400	435
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	820	380	440
Dinka	0	0	0	125	55	70
Nuer	0	0	0	185	80	110
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	460	220	240
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Sign languages	5	5	0	5,010	2,900	2,115
American Sign Language	5	5	0	3,920	2,240	1,680
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,035	625	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	15	469,325	219,365	249,965
Chinese languages	30	10	15	461,870	215,705	246,165
Hakka	0	0	0	2,540	1,170	1,370
Mandarin	20	10	10	253,860	120,260	133,600
Min Dong	0	0	0	650	310	340
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,890	2,195	2,700
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	2,765	1,300	1,465
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5	193,955	88,915	105,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,090	1,495	1,595
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	7,310	3,585	3,720
Burmese	0	0	0	960	460	505
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	305	140	165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,275	640	630
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,105	555	550
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80
Tibetan	0	0	0	4,540	2,245	2,300
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	70	80
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	3,995	1,875	2,120
Lao	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245
Thai	0	0	0	1,520	700	820
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55
Turkic languages	0	0	0	19,965	10,165	9,800
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,445	715	730
Kazakh	0	0	0	40	20	20
Turkish	0	0	0	17,160	8,770	8,390
Uyghur	0	0	0	490	250	240
Uzbek	0	0	0	580	285	300
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	125	130
Uralic languages	0	0	0	12,465	5,690	6,780
Estonian	0	0	0	485	180	300
Finnish	0	0	0	1,140	500	640
Hungarian	0	0	0	10,835	5,000	5,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	100
Multiple responses	85	40	50	715,095	344,690	370,405
English and French	30	15	10	59,725	27,005	32,720
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	624,265	303,790	320,480
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,475	2,810	3,665
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,185	5,465	6,715
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,445	5,620	6,825
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	25,415	12,365	13,050	14,099,790	6,917,915	7,181,870
None	24,590	11,995	12,595	11,528,735	5,680,910	5,847,825
English	115	60	55	903,960	442,585	461,380
French	195	80	110	189,420	84,900	104,520
Non-official language	430	195	235	1,136,770	544,150	592,620
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	9,310	4,115	5,190
Non-Indigenous	430	195	235	1,127,465	540,035	587,425
English and French	0	0	0	16,580	7,565	9,020
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	140,865	70,400	70,470
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	52,565	22,740	29,820
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,920	1,450	1,465
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	127,975	63,220	64,755
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	25,190	12,280	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Official languages	25,085	12,195	12,890	13,688,615	6,750,410	6,938,210
English	25,080	12,190	12,890	13,650,230	6,733,550	6,916,680
French	1,950	825	1,125	1,550,545	690,530	860,020
Non-official languages	2,015	1,025	990	5,058,180	2,428,200	2,629,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	10	10	29,850	13,765	16,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	26,775	12,415	14,355
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5,205	2,540	2,670
Atikamekw	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,520	2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	335	180	150
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	200	70	130
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	1,165	510	655
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	135	50	90
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	95	60	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,340	1,685	1,650
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	295	120	170
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	250	105	150
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,560	9,880	11,680
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	135	65	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,260	2,945	3,315
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	15,530	7,035	8,500
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	1,295	510	785
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	210	80	130
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	115	65	55
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,155	6,465	7,690
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	35
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	115	65	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	105	60	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	30	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	1,000	445	550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	25	15	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	970	425	540
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	10	10	1,625	650	980
Cayuga	0	0	0	210	85	125
Mohawk	0	10	10	1,220	465	755
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	135	45	85
Salish languages	0	0	0	65	45	20
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	65	50	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	20	15	0
Dakota	0	0	0	15	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	45
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	125	120
Non-Indigenous languages	2,005	1,020	985	5,029,345	2,414,910	2,614,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	40	10	481,620	242,565	239,050
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,570	845	725
Kabyle	0	0	0	950	490	460
Tamazight	0	0	0	475	270	205
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	125	95
Chadic languages	0	0	0	2,210	1,060	1,140
Hausa	0	0	0	2,005	955	1,045
Mina	0	0	0	200	105	95
Coptic	0	0	0	2,130	1,000	1,130
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	41,520	19,095	22,425
Bilen	0	0	0	1,335	750	585
Oromo	0	0	0	2,950	1,400	1,550
Somali	0	0	0	36,825	16,695	20,135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	445	370
Semitic languages	55	40	10	443,215	225,035	218,175
Amharic	0	0	0	22,815	11,015	11,800
Arabic	30	30	10	342,860	175,790	167,075
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	33,950	16,770	17,175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	21,640	10,590	11,045
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	11,170	5,565	5,605
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,685	860	820
Harari	0	0	0	1,610	720	890
Hebrew	10	10	0	47,380	24,020	23,360
Maltese	0	0	0	6,055	2,840	3,210
Tigrigna	0	0	0	19,755	9,645	10,105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	685	410	270
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	115,355	52,805	62,550
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,085	4,540	5,535
Vietnamese	10	10	0	105,800	48,475	57,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	275	100	180
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	292,100	117,695	174,400
Bikol	0	0	0	1,345	565	785
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,410	1,370	2,040
Cebuano	0	0	0	11,100	4,270	6,835
Fijian	0	0	0	210	110	100
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	6,435	2,535	3,900
Ilocano	0	0	0	26,205	10,300	15,905
Indonesian	0	0	0	8,175	3,680	4,495
Kankanaey	0	0	0	620	255	365
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	310	130	180
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	270	115	150
Merina	0	0	0	35	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	110	125
Malay	15	10	0	4,370	1,965	2,410
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,390	1,395	1,990
Pangasinan	0	0	0	1,610	650	960
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	25	30	271,450	108,415	163,035
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,810	705	1,105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,850	2,845	4,005
Creole languages	25	10	10	36,585	16,590	19,990
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	14,220	6,345	7,875
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	3,385	1,515	1,870
Krio	0	0	0	650	240	410
Morisyen	0	0	0	5,645	2,735	2,910
Sango	0	0	0	270	105	165
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,235	4,450	5,785
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,065	1,960	2,105
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	272,060	139,105	132,950
Kannada	0	0	0	12,930	6,720	6,215
Malayalam	0	0	0	48,025	26,105	21,915
Tamil	10	0	0	192,890	96,245	96,645
Telugu	0	0	0	38,190	21,290	16,905
Tulu	0	0	0	1,225	655	570
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	685	285	395
Georgian	0	0	0	2,170	1,110	1,060
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	555	280	275
Indo-European languages	1,685	870	815	2,941,400	1,441,975	1,499,430
Albanian	0	0	0	26,725	13,445	13,275
Armenian	0	0	0	19,610	9,460	10,150
Balto-Slavic languages	205	85	125	470,080	219,210	250,870
Baltic languages	15	0	15	9,715	4,055	5,665
Latvian	10	0	10	4,215	1,830	2,385
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,520	2,240	3,280
Slavic languages	190	85	110	462,520	216,100	246,420
Belarusian	0	0	0	1,630	685	950
Bulgarian	0	0	0	11,310	5,545	5,765
Czech	20	10	10	13,130	6,040	7,090
Macedonian	10	0	0	21,070	10,020	11,045
Polish	65	30	35	134,980	61,800	73,180
Russian	45	15	30	155,340	72,230	83,115
Rusyn	0	0	0	295	155	140
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	102,885	50,515	52,365
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,895	6,925	6,970
Croatian	10	0	0	48,075	23,410	24,670
Serbian	0	0	0	58,045	28,685	29,355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,850	950	905
Slovak	0	0	0	11,725	5,340	6,385
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,235	3,205	4,025
Ukrainian	35	15	20	58,355	26,140	32,215
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	255	250
Celtic languages	20	15	0	4,115	2,125	1,990
Irish	15	10	0	2,345	1,300	1,045
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	715	330	375
Welsh	0	0	0	810	360	450
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125
Germanic languages	680	340	345	257,270	123,000	134,270
Frisian	25	25	0	1,750	895	855
High German languages	420	210	210	175,485	84,625	90,855
German	415	210	205	158,120	75,990	82,125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,370	5,150	5,220
Swiss German	10	0	0	3,485	1,670	1,815
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,100	2,995	3,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	125	125	78,435	37,515	40,920
Afrikaans	25	15	10	9,255	4,785	4,470
Dutch	205	90	115	55,040	25,820	29,215
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,185	1,095	1,095
Low Saxon	0	0	0	595	275	310
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	10,245	5,150	5,095
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	2,040	910	1,135
Scandinavian languages	40	20	30	12,565	5,670	6,895
Danish	20	0	20	5,175	2,265	2,905
Icelandic	0	0	0	390	165	220
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,385	1,175	1,210
Swedish	10	0	0	5,340	2,460	2,885
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	255	225
Greek	45	10	30	76,320	37,385	38,945
Indo-Iranian languages	90	40	50	1,244,895	639,965	604,930
Indo-Aryan languages	55	20	35	1,049,480	542,040	507,440
Assamese	0	0	0	725	355	370
Bengali	0	0	0	76,980	39,455	37,525
Gujarati	20	0	15	143,240	75,090	68,150
Hindi	25	0	15	436,125	227,165	208,965
Kacchi	0	0	0	8,140	3,695	4,450
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Konkani	0	0	0	6,745	3,165	3,585
Marathi	0	0	0	24,775	12,710	12,065
Nepali	0	0	0	17,110	8,645	8,465
Oriya languages	0	0	0	2,545	1,320	1,225
Odia	0	0	0	1,430	775	655
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,130	560	575
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	0	397,865	208,905	188,955
Rohingya	0	0	0	370	155	215
Sindhi	0	0	0	5,595	2,940	2,655
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	21,630	10,975	10,655
Urdu	0	0	0	295,175	149,300	145,875
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,965	3,315	2,650
Iranian languages	35	20	15	210,370	105,605	104,765
Baluchi	0	0	0	520	285	235
Kurdish	0	0	0	13,870	7,530	6,340
Parsi	0	0	0	525	310	215
Pashto	0	0	0	20,790	10,880	9,910
Persian languages	30	15	15	183,830	91,790	92,040
Dari	0	0	0	47,640	23,410	24,235
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	122,305	61,280	61,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	16,615	8,475	8,140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	510	535
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,300	715	580
Italic (Romance) languages	765	430	330	922,975	437,590	485,385
Catalan	0	0	0	770	415	355
Italian	200	120	80	312,800	149,440	163,360
Portuguese	95	45	50	208,575	101,175	107,390
Romanian	30	15	15	48,315	22,450	25,865
Spanish	505	290	210	401,205	187,785	213,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	2,355	1,325	1,030
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	510	405
Japanese	0	0	0	30,705	13,895	16,810
Korean	20	0	10	90,475	41,165	49,310
Mongolian	0	0	0	745	315	430
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	106,850	50,070	56,780
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	17,570	8,065	9,510
Bamanankan	0	0	0	760	395	365
Edo	0	0	0	3,210	1,370	1,835
Éwé	0	0	0	1,195	610	580
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,010	530	480
Ga	0	0	0	1,870	785	1,080
Ganda	0	0	0	2,760	1,145	1,615
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,080	420	660
Igbo	0	0	0	8,115	3,985	4,130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	4,020	1,705	2,315
Lingala	0	0	0	7,315	3,255	4,065
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,050	480	570
Mòoré	0	0	0	235	135	100
Mwani	0	0	0	520	265	255
Ndebele	0	0	0	855	380	475
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,895	2,250	2,650
Shona	0	0	0	3,040	1,345	1,695
Soninke	0	0	0	290	185	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	630	265	365
Swahili	20	10	10	24,360	11,850	12,510
Wojenaka	0	0	0	260	130	130
Wolof	0	0	0	1,495	740	755
Yoruba	0	0	0	24,375	11,775	12,600
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	12,825	6,130	6,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,210	1,560	1,645
Dinka	0	0	0	470	255	215
Nuer	0	0	0	585	260	325
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,155	1,040	1,115
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	415
Sign languages	40	15	30	18,990	7,515	11,475
American Sign Language	35	15	20	16,685	6,460	10,225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	380	155	225
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,600	1,185	1,420
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	30	747,160	348,570	398,590
Chinese languages	70	35	30	734,190	342,245	391,950
Hakka	0	0	0	8,760	4,120	4,640
Mandarin	35	20	20	467,415	214,895	252,520
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,450	690	765
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	18,020	8,040	9,985
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	6,720	3,010	3,710
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	10	352,135	163,575	188,560
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,200	2,505	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	515	245	275
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	13,135	6,410	6,735
Burmese	0	0	0	2,570	1,255	1,315
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	600	265	330
Karenic languages	0	0	0	2,255	1,120	1,135
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,970	1,005	965
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	170	215
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,475	3,675	3,800
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	980	445	540
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	250	315
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	12,655	5,555	7,105
Lao	0	0	0	7,370	3,450	3,915
Thai	0	0	0	6,200	2,485	3,720
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	135	195
Turkic languages	15	15	0	52,195	27,335	24,860
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5,910	3,215	2,695
Kazakh	0	0	0	710	320	395
Turkish	15	15	0	44,815	23,570	21,245
Uyghur	0	0	0	825	430	400
Uzbek	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,055
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	465	610
Uralic languages	80	25	55	52,025	23,840	28,185
Estonian	20	10	15	4,010	1,745	2,260
Finnish	10	0	0	9,455	4,035	5,420
Hungarian	55	15	40	38,690	18,095	20,600
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,155
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	25,185	12,275	12,915	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	795	370	425	406,585	195,100	211,495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	740	345	400	389,955	187,485	202,470
First Nations (North American Indian)	525	250	275	251,030	120,545	130,485
Métis	210	90	120	134,615	64,850	69,765
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	4,310	2,090	2,220
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10	7,115	3,225	3,890
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	25	20	9,515	4,385	5,130
Non-Indigenous identity	24,395	11,905	12,490	13,625,165	6,692,470	6,932,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	25,185	12,275	12,915	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	135	170	172,535	82,960	89,580
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	24,890	12,145	12,745	13,859,215	6,804,610	7,054,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Owner	9,255	...	...	3,755,720	...	...
Renter	2,080	...	...	1,724,970	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Condominium	255	...	...	822,780	...	...
Not condominium	11,080	...	...	4,668,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	48,740	...	...
1 bedroom	755	...	...	769,570	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,895	...	...	1,205,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,600	...	...	1,918,935	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,065	...	...	1,548,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,585	...	...	1,579,320	...	...
5 rooms	1,480	...	...	775,580	...	...
6 rooms	2,030	...	...	791,100	...	...
7 rooms	1,815	...	...	708,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,420	...	...	1,636,990	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,275	...	...	5,328,575	...	...
More than one person per room	55	...	...	162,625	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Suitable	11,075	...	...	5,122,185	...	...
Not suitable	255	...	...	369,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1960 or before	3,925	...	...	1,247,430	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,640	...	...	1,456,110	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,035	...	...	711,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,305	...	...	644,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	530	...	...	385,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	600	...	...	348,760	...	...
2011 to 2015	420	...	...	328,735	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	870	...	...	369,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,510	...	...	5,177,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	825	...	...	314,050	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,260	...	...	2,677,880	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,755	...	...	2,506,110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	315	...	...	307,210	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,335	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
15 to 24 years	70	...	...	126,385	...	...
25 to 34 years	800	...	...	727,305	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,215	...	...	930,410	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,385	...	...	1,013,210	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,675	...	...	1,149,345	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,925	...	...	876,960	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,615	...	...	481,250	...	...
85 years and over	645	...	...	186,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,015	...	...	5,415,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,165	...	...	4,103,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,845	...	...	1,312,095	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,725	...	...	1,169,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,335	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,685	...	...	1,802,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,640	...	...	1,150,405	...	...
Not suitable only	205	...	...	262,900	...	...
Major repairs needed only	600	...	...	201,870	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	74,930	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	80,990	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	25,420	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,765	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,645	...	...	3,688,915	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,895	...	...	5,272,360	...	...
In core need	800	...	...	639,805	...	...
Not in core need	10,095	...	...	4,632,550	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,975	...	...	3,718,255	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.7	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	689,000	...	...	807,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,065	...	...	1,722,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,205	...	...	1,408	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,510	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	185	75	115	169,090	81,790	87,305
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	185	75	115	166,095	80,470	85,625
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	165	70	95	136,445	65,890	70,555
Métis single ancestry	20	0	15	27,835	13,715	14,120
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	1,810	860	955
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	3,000	1,320	1,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	2,660	1,165	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	175	75	100
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	115	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	910	415	495	351,395	168,170	183,220
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	895	405	495	342,985	164,410	178,575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	700	310	390	246,415	118,170	128,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	85	100	93,245	44,675	48,575
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	3,325	1,570	1,755
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	0	8,405	3,760	4,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	7,595	3,465	4,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	205	335
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	80	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	10	45
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	24,090	11,785	12,310	13,511,270	6,637,605	6,873,660
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	24,710	11,945	12,765	12,633,260	6,196,980	6,436,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,525	1,820	1,710	2,554,125	1,312,480	1,241,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	21,185	10,130	11,060	10,079,140	4,884,505	5,194,635
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	475	330	145	1,398,490	690,590	707,905
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,590	10,885	11,700	9,437,320	4,691,825	4,745,495
Immigrants⁸¹	2,510	1,305	1,205	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,605
Before 1980	1,585	795	785	860,305	403,270	457,030
1980 to 1990	310	160	155	506,195	241,800	264,390
1991 to 2000	280	145	135	852,765	399,470	453,295
2001 to 2010	145	80	70	941,630	439,390	502,240
2011 to 2021⁸²	190	135	60	1,045,695	501,050	544,645
2011 to 2015	70	45	30	461,010	216,545	244,470
2016 to 2021	125	90	35	584,680	284,505	300,175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	80	0	387,850	210,765	177,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,515	1,310	1,205	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Under 5 years	330	145	185	375,395	188,360	187,030
5 to 14 years	585	295	290	734,680	369,755	364,925
15 to 24 years	545	255	295	840,165	375,990	464,175
25 to 44 years	885	495	385	1,851,675	869,160	982,515
45 years and over	170	110	55	404,670	181,710	222,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,515	1,310	1,205	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Americas	405	205	200	629,550	280,635	348,910
Brazil	10	10	0	23,125	10,700	12,420
Colombia	0	0	0	32,520	14,630	17,890
El Salvador	0	0	0	21,780	10,575	11,200
Guyana	35	15	20	77,635	34,275	43,360
Haiti	0	0	0	11,375	5,000	6,380
Jamaica	35	15	20	122,770	52,770	70,000
Mexico	15	10	0	33,380	15,340	18,040
Peru	0	0	0	11,455	5,025	6,435
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	52,750	23,490	29,260
United States of America	245	125	120	111,390	49,035	62,355
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	131,370	59,810	71,560
Europe	1,755	920	840	1,049,725	500,520	549,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	21,150	10,365	10,780
Croatia	0	0	0	24,270	11,860	12,405
France	35	10	20	15,240	7,305	7,930
Germany	225	125	100	54,275	25,665	28,610
Greece	0	0	0	31,650	15,385	16,265
Hungary	15	0	10	18,530	8,555	9,975
Italy	70	45	20	135,640	66,885	68,750
Netherlands	170	95	75	39,490	20,295	19,195
Poland	50	25	25	88,785	39,620	49,160
Portugal	25	15	10	95,490	46,635	48,855
Romania	30	10	15	40,475	18,690	21,780
Russian Federation	20	0	15	44,165	19,010	25,155
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	22,295	10,790	11,505
Ukraine	0	10	0	43,070	19,255	23,820
United Kingdom⁸⁷	925	475	445	239,485	115,580	123,910
Other places of birth in Europe	180	90	90	135,725	64,620	71,100
Africa	80	45	30	287,920	140,080	147,840
Algeria	0	0	0	4,355	2,160	2,195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	10,220	4,585	5,640
Egypt	10	10	0	39,345	20,480	18,865
Eritrea	0	0	0	14,200	7,255	6,950
Ethiopia	0	0	0	19,415	9,050	10,365
Morocco	0	0	0	8,105	3,805	4,300
Nigeria	0	0	0	37,420	18,840	18,580
Somalia	0	0	0	20,335	8,590	11,745
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	21,540	10,620	10,915
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	10	112,985	54,690	58,290
Asia	250	120	130	2,225,590	1,056,605	1,168,985
Afghanistan	0	0	0	38,580	19,100	19,480
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	103,795	52,260	51,535
Iraq	20	10	0	63,255	31,725	31,525
Lebanon	0	0	0	38,170	19,650	18,515
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	45,685	22,995	22,695
Turkey	0	0	0	20,795	11,105	9,690
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	355,955	159,035	196,925
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	108,480	50,730	57,750
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	62,750	28,690	34,060
Taiwan	0	0	0	18,105	7,825	10,275
Philippines	45	15	30	268,580	109,035	159,545
Viet Nam	10	0	10	86,315	39,175	47,140
Bangladesh	0	0	0	46,260	23,520	22,740
India	40	20	25	495,750	249,975	245,780
Pakistan	0	0	0	165,530	83,050	82,475
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	112,730	54,625	58,100
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	15	194,855	94,100	100,750
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	20	0	13,810	7,140	6,670
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	125	90	35	584,680	284,500	300,180
Americas	30	20	10	68,450	32,815	35,635
Brazil	0	0	0	8,725	4,095	4,625
Colombia	0	0	0	4,260	1,825	2,440
Haiti	0	0	0	1,550	705	845
Jamaica	0	0	0	9,970	5,205	4,770
Mexico	0	0	0	5,810	2,740	3,065
United States of America	20	15	0	17,945	8,895	9,045
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	3,400	1,500	1,900
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	16,795	7,840	8,955
Europe	40	35	10	47,295	23,945	23,345
France	0	0	0	3,225	1,665	1,560
Germany	0	0	0	1,685	885	795
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	2,225	1,465	760
Italy	0	0	0	1,770	1,040	730
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,150	2,010	3,135
Ukraine	0	0	0	6,035	2,675	3,360
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	0	8,000	4,820	3,180
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	19,200	9,375	9,830
Africa	15	0	10	64,910	32,295	32,615
Algeria	0	0	0	1,130	545	585
Burundi	0	0	0	1,790	815	970
Cameroon	0	0	0	1,585	750	830
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	2,275	1,020	1,260
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,085	495	595
Egypt	0	0	0	6,370	3,230	3,145
Eritrea	0	0	0	7,145	3,795	3,350
Ethiopia	0	0	0	3,480	1,595	1,880
Morocco	0	0	0	1,890	910	980
Nigeria	0	0	0	16,570	8,335	8,230
Somalia	0	0	0	3,345	1,775	1,570
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	2,915	1,455	1,460
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	2,095	1,075	1,015
Tunisia	0	0	0	820	390	430
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	12,405	6,105	6,305
Asia	30	20	10	401,940	194,220	207,725
Afghanistan	0	0	0	7,225	3,550	3,675
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,710	3,970	3,735
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	54,645	22,895	31,750
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,620	1,095	1,525
India	0	0	0	139,660	73,185	66,470
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,215	6,335	6,880
Iraq	0	0	0	12,940	6,415	6,525
Israel	0	0	0	2,270	1,175	1,100
Japan	0	0	0	1,460	345	1,115
Jordan	0	0	0	2,610	1,340	1,270
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	6,935	2,855	4,075
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,365	2,185	2,175
Nepal	0	0	0	2,445	1,240	1,200
Pakistan	0	0	0	23,970	11,805	12,170
Philippines	0	0	0	45,235	19,170	26,070
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	6,110	3,300	2,805
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	5,895	2,770	3,120
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	30,180	15,370	14,805
Turkey	0	0	0	7,060	3,835	3,225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	5,310	2,785	2,520
Viet Nam	0	0	0	6,020	2,205	3,815
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	14,075	6,380	7,700
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	2,090	1,230	855
Australia	15	15	0	1,620	985	640
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	470	250	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	25,185	12,280	12,915	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,825	1,500	1,325	4,725,795	2,259,845	2,465,955
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,790	1,825	1,960	3,180,170	1,594,980	1,585,195
Third generation or more¹⁰²	18,575	8,950	9,620	6,125,785	3,032,745	3,093,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	930	510	420	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	460	255	210	1,669,195	831,060	838,135
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	220	140	80	697,905	424,975	272,930
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	245	110	130	971,295	406,090	565,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	400	215	180	1,037,680	420,725	616,955
Refugees¹⁰⁸	70	45	30	587,735	306,430	281,310
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	51,675	23,490	28,180
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	930	510	420	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	262,835	139,045	123,790
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	190	115	75	289,330	131,810	157,520
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	0	20	79,320	39,275	40,050
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	25	10	179,715	85,115	94,595
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	19,030	7,670	11,360
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	665	360	310	2,516,055	1,178,800	1,337,255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	25,185	12,275	12,915	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	780	440	340	4,817,360	2,350,135	2,467,230
South Asian	145	80	65	1,515,295	779,270	736,020
Chinese	90	50	45	820,245	388,310	431,935
Black	165	90	75	768,740	365,800	402,940
Filipino	65	30	35	363,650	157,580	206,070
Arab	30	20	10	284,215	146,815	137,395
Latin American	130	115	20	249,190	119,360	129,830
Southeast Asian	30	10	15	167,845	79,270	88,580
West Asian	35	10	20	212,185	106,670	105,520
Korean	10	0	10	99,425	46,800	52,625
Japanese	10	0	0	31,420	13,690	17,730
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	20	30	124,120	59,280	64,835
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	15	181,025	87,280	93,750
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,405	11,840	12,570	9,214,395	4,537,435	4,676,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	25,190	12,275	12,910	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Canadian	4,270	2,145	2,125	1,621,655	815,240	806,415
English	8,615	4,110	4,500	2,347,685	1,145,055	1,202,630
Irish	6,490	3,010	3,475	1,999,985	952,395	1,047,595
Scottish	6,035	2,885	3,145	1,937,010	938,335	998,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,250	990	1,265	1,039,385	500,570	538,815
German	2,765	1,335	1,430	1,058,075	517,665	540,410
Chinese	110	45	60	821,835	388,045	433,795
Italian	790	365	425	905,105	453,765	451,335
Indian (India)	190	110	80	764,435	392,845	371,585
Ukrainian	535	255	275	342,260	164,565	177,690
Dutch	1,975	995	980	478,860	236,645	242,210
Polish	565	215	350	461,090	221,095	240,000
Québécois	40	20	20	28,035	13,475	14,555
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,775	885	890	462,995	225,610	237,385
Filipino	55	30	25	355,680	154,820	200,860
French Canadian	365	185	180	199,845	94,210	105,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	565	270	295	221,315	110,260	111,055
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	350	170	180	160,660	76,990	83,670
Métis	220	95	120	131,780	63,205	68,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	185	195	182,785	90,865	91,920
Russian	215	130	90	187,460	87,560	99,900
Norwegian	195	85	110	62,840	30,300	32,535
Welsh	700	295	400	188,980	89,555	99,425
Portuguese	170	85	80	300,600	149,460	151,145
American	470	235	230	129,750	62,895	66,855
Spanish	95	50	40	143,840	66,950	76,890
Swedish	150	65	85	68,260	31,655	36,600
Hungarian	220	90	130	149,040	72,070	76,970
Acadian	80	55	25	34,125	16,055	18,070
Pakistani	0	0	0	212,650	107,640	105,015
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	35	35	149,265	72,095	77,175
Jewish	185	75	110	155,180	77,755	77,425
Punjabi	0	0	0	119,085	62,110	56,985
Vietnamese	15	10	10	122,735	58,135	64,590
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	15	110,250	56,985	53,270
Greek	170	95	75	143,065	72,455	70,605
Jamaican	90	45	45	201,945	95,525	106,420
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	10	110,750	53,190	57,565
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	15	35	20,025	9,580	10,445
Korean	0	0	0	100,025	47,215	52,810
Romanian	120	65	55	86,435	41,425	45,005
Lebanese	40	20	20	80,345	40,555	39,790
Iranian	0	0	0	109,410	55,025	54,385
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	25	20	73,665	35,960	37,705
Danish	200	75	125	52,170	25,415	26,755
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	95	45	55	61,790	29,610	32,175
Sikh	0	0	0	77,805	40,720	37,085
Austrian	180	85	100	63,920	31,280	32,640
Belgian	155	60	95	56,860	28,120	28,745
Haitian	0	0	0	17,930	8,440	9,495
Hindu	0	0	0	106,970	56,425	50,545
Mexican	110	110	0	54,725	27,070	27,655
Mennonite	25	15	10	38,095	19,075	19,025
Swiss	115	55	60	56,510	27,790	28,720
Finnish	100	45	55	76,275	36,805	39,465
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	105,765	51,825	53,940
Croatian	45	30	15	79,240	39,340	39,900
Japanese	10	0	0	42,250	18,715	23,530
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15	83,435	42,105	41,335
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	15	15	21,650	10,225	11,420
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	55	70	31,395	15,385	16,005
Muslim	0	0	0	62,780	31,910	30,865
Egyptian	10	0	0	54,210	28,345	25,855
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	48,595	23,670	24,920
Tamil	0	0	0	86,580	43,270	43,310
Icelandic	15	10	10	13,915	6,875	7,045
Colombian	0	0	0	39,420	18,730	20,690
Moroccan	0	0	0	12,300	5,935	6,365
Czech	65	35	35	39,400	18,745	20,655
Syrian	20	15	10	42,525	21,170	21,365
Guyanese	90	50	40	85,455	40,520	44,935
Afghan	0	0	0	61,255	30,315	30,940
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	59,655	27,150	32,505
Serbian	15	0	10	64,415	32,230	32,175
Ojibway	45	20	30	52,770	25,660	27,110
Newfoundlander	80	50	35	29,950	14,735	15,215
Hong Konger	10	10	0	41,120	19,885	21,235
Ontarian	250	125	125	64,245	31,915	32,335
Persian	35	20	20	46,445	23,795	22,650
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	25	30	59,110	28,445	30,670
Turkish	35	15	20	43,555	22,580	20,970
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	0	6,160	2,810	3,350
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	47,195	24,190	23,000
Algerian	0	0	0	4,970	2,450	2,510
Brazilian	30	30	0	33,905	16,455	17,450
Nigerian	0	0	0	36,750	17,890	18,865
Armenian	35	15	20	30,860	15,245	15,610
Slovak	25	10	10	37,165	18,390	18,780
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	15	20	32,880	15,745	17,135
Somali	0	0	0	41,640	19,575	22,070
Taiwanese	15	15	0	17,960	8,150	9,810
Iraqi	0	0	0	42,980	21,520	21,460
Salvadorean	0	0	0	24,740	11,925	12,815
African Caribbean	0	0	0	43,475	19,070	24,405
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	32,785	15,515	17,265
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15	38,000	19,570	18,430
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	39,165	17,615	21,555
Algonquin	40	20	25	20,910	9,815	11,090
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	42,575	19,380	23,200
Lithuanian	75	35	40	29,870	14,165	15,705
South African	40	20	15	21,965	11,055	10,910
Australian	30	20	0	14,775	7,780	6,995
Palestinian	0	0	0	30,365	15,605	14,755
Chilean	0	0	0	14,370	6,800	7,570
Congolese	0	0	0	12,815	5,870	6,945
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	10,195	5,000	5,190
Ethiopian	0	0	0	20,625	9,970	10,665
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	22,825	10,645	12,180
Peruvian	0	0	0	15,260	7,295	7,965
Yoruba	0	0	0	19,350	9,870	9,475
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	15,155	7,065	8,095
Berber	0	0	0	3,055	1,585	1,470
Albanian	0	0	0	29,575	14,865	14,715
Maltese	25	10	15	33,825	16,710	17,110
Macedonian	15	10	10	35,925	17,810	18,115
Slovenian	10	10	0	25,085	12,325	12,760
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	10	20	13,170	6,310	6,855
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	5,865	2,750	3,115
Gujarati	0	0	0	25,995	13,705	12,285
Eritrean	0	0	0	17,165	8,390	8,770
African Canadian	35	20	15	20,025	9,540	10,485
Israeli	15	10	10	20,570	10,745	9,825
Mohawk	195	95	95	20,595	10,170	10,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	12,115	5,600	6,505
Bulgarian	10	0	0	15,900	7,810	8,095
Albertan	0	0	0	1,185	580	600
Ghanaian	0	0	0	20,935	10,015	10,915
Barbadian	15	10	10	21,205	10,175	11,035
African American	0	0	0	16,380	7,985	8,395
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0	16,400	7,800	8,605
Tunisian	0	0	0	2,430	1,240	1,190
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	15,800	7,910	7,890
Cuban	10	0	10	14,785	7,185	7,600
Bosnian	0	0	0	16,065	8,070	7,995
Venezuelan	10	0	0	12,885	6,015	6,865
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,010	440	575
Latvian	30	0	25	16,070	7,545	8,525
Bengali	0	0	0	16,665	8,635	8,030
Cameroonian	0	0	0	4,295	2,060	2,230
Guatemalan	0	0	0	10,175	5,045	5,130
Indonesian	0	0	0	10,645	4,835	5,820
Laotian	0	0	0	10,870	5,165	5,695
Ilocano	0	0	0	10,560	4,790	5,775
Northern Irish	30	10	15	14,875	7,390	7,480
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	10	0	10,135	5,135	5,005
British Columbian	0	0	0	1,020	460	565
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	18,835	8,955	9,880
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	18,755	8,900	9,855
Argentinian	0	0	0	11,950	5,935	6,015
Estonian	35	20	25	14,025	6,585	7,440
Kurdish	0	0	0	13,495	7,445	6,050
Fijian	0	0	0	2,345	1,080	1,265
Jatt	0	0	0	9,195	4,725	4,470
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	8,040	4,020	4,025
Coptic	0	0	0	14,845	7,400	7,440
Thai	0	0	0	7,850	3,215	4,640
Dominican	0	0	0	8,585	4,185	4,400
Nepali	0	0	0	11,585	5,890	5,690
Kabyle	0	0	0	570	255	320
Assyrian	0	0	0	17,080	8,360	8,720
Igbo	0	0	0	8,595	4,175	4,420
Byelorussian	10	0	10	9,730	4,630	5,095
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	285	110	175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0	25	3,445	1,675	1,760
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,300	590	710
Moldovan	0	0	0	4,295	2,065	2,225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	5,550	2,640	2,910
New Zealander	35	20	10	4,865	2,645	2,220
Sudanese	0	0	0	9,200	4,570	4,630
Breton	0	0	0	650	325	325
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	15	10	12,085	5,180	6,900
Malaysian	0	0	0	7,360	3,380	3,990
Plains Cree	0	0	0	365	180	185
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	3,660	1,850	1,810
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	2,070	1,000	1,075
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	1,755	720	1,040
Buddhist	0	0	0	8,440	4,045	4,400
Gaspesian	0	0	0	700	335	365
Norman	0	0	0	2,250	1,330	925
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	9,250	4,355	4,895
Ivorian	0	0	0	2,270	1,040	1,230
Saulteaux	0	0	0	735	340	390
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	6,980	3,250	3,735
Burundian	0	0	0	4,105	1,940	2,165
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,290	2,750	2,535
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	6,575	3,055	3,520
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,050	2,540	2,510
Kenyan	0	0	0	6,970	3,290	3,680
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,300	3,560	3,745
Vincentian	0	0	0	9,080	4,010	5,070
Jordanian	0	0	0	9,040	4,825	4,215
Manitoban	0	0	0	1,505	700	800
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	3,040	1,440	1,595
Rwandan	0	0	0	3,450	1,580	1,865
Grenadian	0	0	0	10,250	4,820	5,430
Malayali	0	0	0	8,100	4,245	3,860
Chaldean	0	0	0	10,280	5,185	5,090
Sinhalese	0	0	0	8,060	3,985	4,075
Mayan	0	0	0	4,085	2,065	2,025
Honduran	0	0	0	3,735	1,870	1,865
Cherokee	25	0	25	3,555	1,630	1,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	1,350	585	765
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	8,830	3,915	4,920
Flemish	0	0	0	3,565	1,770	1,790
United Empire Loyalist	175	105	80	6,730	3,345	3,390
Senegalese	0	0	0	1,155	610	550
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	6,235	3,235	3,005
Sicilian	25	15	10	5,840	3,075	2,760
Pashtun	0	0	0	6,385	3,395	2,990
Malay	0	0	0	3,910	1,930	1,980
Goan	0	0	0	7,930	3,830	4,100
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	3,150	1,535	1,615
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,380	3,630	3,745
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	3,780	1,780	2,005
Burmese	0	0	0	4,290	1,980	2,310
Mongolian	0	0	0	3,585	1,635	1,950
Azorean	0	0	0	6,085	2,875	3,210
Atikamekw	0	0	0	85	35	45
Bamileke	0	0	0	1,100	570	530
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	7,605	3,425	4,180
Ugandan	0	0	0	4,685	2,225	2,460
Oromo	0	0	0	3,015	1,570	1,445
Tanzanian	0	0	0	4,865	2,285	2,580
Yemeni	0	0	0	5,300	2,585	2,715
Central African	0	0	0	1,630	770	860
Libyan	0	0	0	4,200	2,155	2,050
Basque	0	0	0	1,515	835	680
Uruguayan	0	0	0	4,720	2,335	2,390
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	4,055	2,045	2,010
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	3,605	1,650	1,955
Igorot	0	0	0	2,245	950	1,300
Fulani	0	0	0	1,165	605	565
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	275	150	125
Guinean	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
St. Lucian	0	0	0	5,850	2,660	3,190
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	1,900	890	1,010
Maliseet	0	0	0	615	285	335
Beninese	0	0	0	1,325	630	695
Telugu	0	0	0	4,755	2,665	2,090
Roma	0	0	0	3,470	1,735	1,735
Costa Rican	0	0	0	2,735	1,390	1,345
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	1,650	725	925
Malagasy	0	0	0	555	265	290
Kashmiri	0	0	0	3,905	1,900	2,000
Singaporean	0	0	0	2,320	1,070	1,250
Karen	0	0	0	2,365	1,185	1,180
Edo	0	0	0	3,515	1,705	1,810
Tajik	0	0	0	4,150	2,065	2,080
Amhara	0	0	0	3,135	1,560	1,575
Paraguayan	0	0	0	855	365	490
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	25,185	12,275	12,915	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Buddhist	65	35	30	164,215	73,715	90,500
Christian	13,640	6,365	7,275	7,315,810	3,410,290	3,905,520
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,735	850	890	1,070,190	503,135	567,055
Anabaptist	0	0	0	57,795	28,065	29,725
Anglican	1,950	900	1,045	525,425	236,080	289,345
Baptist	615	280	335	165,400	75,170	90,230
Catholic	3,330	1,590	1,745	3,654,825	1,729,760	1,925,070
Christian Orthodox	110	70	35	329,850	158,655	171,200
Jehovah's Witness	95	40	55	48,290	20,680	27,610
Latter Day Saints	20	0	15	16,420	7,710	8,710
Lutheran	225	90	130	114,810	52,600	62,215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	195	105	95	35,320	15,890	19,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	320	130	195	174,605	77,250	97,360
Presbyterian	480	215	265	202,275	91,710	110,560
Reformed	250	140	110	47,400	23,275	24,120
United Church	3,420	1,570	1,850	570,830	251,315	319,520
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	880	385	500	302,375	138,995	163,385
Hindu	45	25	20	573,700	295,980	277,720
Jewish	175	90	90	196,100	96,075	100,020
Muslim	35	25	10	942,990	474,965	468,025
Sikh	20	10	10	300,435	155,390	145,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	15,985	7,400	8,580
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	70	140	88,845	37,840	51,000
No religion and secular perspectives	10,990	5,660	5,330	4,433,675	2,335,900	2,097,770
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	25,000	12,180	12,820	13,904,805	6,823,190	7,081,615
Non-movers	22,275	10,885	11,395	12,295,685	6,023,840	6,271,855
Movers	2,720	1,295	1,425	1,609,120	799,355	809,765
Non-migrants	990	490	505	914,170	454,180	459,990
Migrants	1,725	810	920	694,950	345,175	349,775
Internal migrants	1,670	780	895	570,275	282,115	288,165
Intraprovincial migrants	1,545	725	825	516,425	255,130	261,300
Interprovincial migrants	130	55	65	53,850	26,985	26,865
External migrants	60	30	30	124,670	63,060	61,610
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	24,330	11,840	12,495	13,349,180	6,539,010	6,810,170
Non-movers	15,515	7,630	7,890	8,361,770	4,077,100	4,284,665
Movers	8,815	4,210	4,605	4,987,410	2,461,910	2,525,505
Non-migrants	2,575	1,205	1,370	2,087,055	1,023,085	1,063,965
Migrants	6,240	3,005	3,235	2,900,355	1,438,815	1,461,540
Internal migrants	6,010	2,860	3,155	2,167,365	1,064,190	1,103,170
Intraprovincial migrants	5,665	2,700	2,970	1,938,720	949,475	989,250
Interprovincial migrants	345	160	180	228,640	114,715	113,925
External migrants	230	150	80	732,990	374,630	358,365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,825	5,733,360	6,049,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,575	1,960	1,615	1,969,920	1,007,805	962,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,655	8,790	9,865	9,812,905	4,725,555	5,087,350
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,180	5,880	6,300	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,340	800	540	757,455	418,970	338,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,840	5,085	5,760	6,827,190	3,281,570	3,545,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,085	1,685	1,400	1,799,890	904,590	895,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,425	3,220	3,210	3,204,170	1,608,155	1,596,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,715	5,845	6,870	6,778,765	3,220,615	3,558,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,585	3,575	4,010	3,250,175	1,592,945	1,657,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,515	1,125	395	592,485	426,550	165,935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	650	360	290	287,155	178,555	108,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	870	765	105	305,330	248,000	57,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,655	2,265	3,385	2,389,205	1,046,345	1,342,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	415	185	225	268,480	120,040	148,440
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,135	2,270	2,860	3,528,600	1,627,675	1,900,925
Bachelor's degree	3,410	1,410	2,000	2,307,685	1,034,000	1,273,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	175	165	224,820	99,320	125,500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	80	45	90,530	45,085	45,445
Master's degree	1,055	500	555	786,440	377,795	408,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	105	95	119,125	71,465	47,655
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,185	5,885	6,300	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,125	695	435	667,665	367,715	299,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,260	1,845	1,415	1,770,810	938,035	832,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,795	3,345	4,445	5,146,170	2,394,785	2,751,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,835	2,165	2,670	2,356,375	1,142,180	1,214,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	820	590	225	384,770	276,165	108,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	350	200	150	184,665	114,510	70,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	470	395	80	200,110	161,655	38,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,800	1,490	2,315	1,787,580	784,340	1,003,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	85	125	184,030	81,665	102,360
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,965	1,180	1,780	2,789,795	1,252,610	1,537,190
Bachelor's degree	2,060	800	1,260	1,798,010	793,045	1,004,965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	85	95	173,205	72,790	100,420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	30	25	71,055	31,530	39,525
Master's degree	585	230	350	658,060	305,270	352,785
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	35	55	89,470	49,975	39,490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,225	10,745	11,475	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,515	4,905	4,605	5,004,055	2,512,745	2,491,305
Education	810	225	590	358,255	79,480	278,775
13. Education	810	225	590	358,255	79,480	278,775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	690	265	420	258,480	110,905	147,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	50	20	26,160	18,830	7,330
50. Visual and performing arts	625	215	410	232,325	92,080	140,250
Humanities	850	350	495	388,160	139,895	248,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	45	40,335	8,230	32,110
23. English language and literature/letters	280	75	205	99,000	27,245	71,755
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	165	45	115	112,250	37,775	74,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	10,520	3,610	6,915
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25	26,705	14,590	12,115
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	85	15	28,715	17,275	11,440
54. History	155	100	60	54,415	28,500	25,910
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	16,220	2,670	13,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,805	550	1,260	928,970	308,755	620,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	12,940	2,725	10,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	210	85	120	106,350	42,040	64,305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	445	65	380	154,370	12,575	141,795
22. Legal professions and studies	225	60	165	144,535	50,355	94,180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45	24,040	7,835	16,205
42. Psychology	330	110	220	142,265	33,385	108,885
45. Social sciences	545	220	325	344,465	159,850	184,620
Business, management and public administration	2,245	900	1,345	1,472,490	630,535	841,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	2,340	850	1,490
44. Public administration and social service professions	280	55	225	123,510	24,630	98,885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,965	845	1,120	1,346,635	605,055	741,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	460	250	205	303,310	141,260	162,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	215	110	105	133,895	52,610	81,285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	60	60	69,195	30,195	38,995
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	6,440	1,795	4,640
40. Physical sciences	105	80	30	80,200	51,680	28,525
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	15	13,585	4,980	8,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	320	190	130	367,845	240,245	127,600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	125	55	284,925	198,705	86,220
25. Library science	40	10	30	16,090	2,620	13,475
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	50	35	56,120	31,880	24,245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	10	10,705	7,040	3,660
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,335	2,160	175	1,274,815	1,122,875	151,940
04. Architecture and related services	145	100	45	61,850	39,075	22,780
14. Engineering	285	250	35	414,085	329,125	84,960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	585	520	65	278,410	247,630	30,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	185	35	150
46. Construction trades	500	480	20	197,795	193,595	4,205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	540	535	0	208,980	204,525	4,450
48. Precision production	275	270	0	113,510	108,890	4,625
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	285	165	132,765	73,065	59,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	175	135	86,885	46,085	40,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	115	35	45,885	26,975	18,910
Health and related fields	2,015	335	1,680	939,610	194,715	744,900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	25	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	95	110	84,485	41,350	43,135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,770	210	1,555	828,240	139,360	688,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	2,335	585	1,750
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	30	10	24,520	13,410	11,110
Personal, protective and transportation services	720	315	405	351,505	178,155	173,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370	50	320	181,985	49,755	132,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,135	1,895	240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	2,200	2,010	195
43. Security and protective services	200	110	90	110,890	75,460	35,430
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	140	0	54,295	49,040	5,255
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	2,555	725	1,830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,185	5,880	6,300	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,385	2,535	1,850	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Education	330	85	245	242,725	50,715	192,005
13. Education	330	85	245	242,725	50,715	192,005
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	450	150	300	199,945	84,310	115,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10	18,425	12,920	5,505
50. Visual and performing arts	435	140	295	181,520	71,390	110,130
Humanities	455	190	265	279,505	97,835	181,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	30	29,620	5,455	24,165
23. English language and literature/letters	125	25	105	71,745	19,350	52,390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	25	65	83,455	27,595	55,860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	7,195	2,395	4,805
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	0	19,380	10,610	8,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	50	0	18,420	11,085	7,335
54. History	95	50	45	39,275	19,895	19,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10,415	1,445	8,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	290	910	729,685	232,410	497,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	10,515	2,085	8,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	65	115	88,895	34,255	54,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	15	280	119,090	8,825	110,265
22. Legal professions and studies	185	30	155	117,900	37,130	80,775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35	18,585	6,035	12,555
42. Psychology	155	35	120	107,035	23,715	83,320
45. Social sciences	340	135	205	267,660	120,375	147,285
Business, management and public administration	1,490	565	925	1,161,875	487,235	674,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	1,785	655	1,130
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	40	165	98,675	18,325	80,355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,285	525	755	1,061,420	468,255	593,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	125	120	220,805	97,905	122,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	135	70	65	100,550	38,595	61,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	15	40	50,505	21,085	29,425
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,100	1,410	3,690
40. Physical sciences	50	35	10	55,565	33,765	21,800
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	9,090	3,055	6,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	200	125	75	304,045	200,360	103,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	105	45	244,700	170,900	73,800
25. Library science	20	10	15	9,860	1,740	8,120
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15	40,875	22,115	18,760
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	8,610	5,605	3,005
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,415	1,270	145	932,505	805,990	126,515
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	40	48,030	29,245	18,785
14. Engineering	145	115	30	326,190	252,675	73,515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	350	295	50	202,375	178,135	24,240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	165	35	130
46. Construction trades	325	310	15	137,150	133,905	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	320	0	143,480	140,190	3,290
48. Precision production	155	155	0	75,115	71,805	3,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	170	125	100,525	52,065	48,460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210	110	100	64,365	31,780	32,585
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	65	20	36,155	20,290	15,875
Health and related fields	1,240	195	1,050	703,890	148,295	555,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	135	65	70	64,360	31,305	33,055
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,085	110	975	619,520	107,760	511,760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	1,960	375	1,580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0	18,030	8,855	9,175
Personal, protective and transportation services	480	190	285	268,815	137,235	131,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	240	35	210	136,310	37,500	98,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	1,600	1,400	200
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	1,180	1,070	110
43. Security and protective services	170	90	80	89,470	60,610	28,855
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	40,255	36,655	3,600
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	1,860	435	1,420
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,185	5,880	6,300	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,385	2,535	1,850	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,800	3,350	4,450	5,146,175	2,394,790	2,751,385
Location of study inside Canada	7,290	3,060	4,235	3,921,795	1,818,550	2,103,240
Same as province or territory of residence	6,625	2,760	3,865	3,634,290	1,680,865	1,953,420
Different than province or territory of residence	665	300	370	287,505	137,685	149,820
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	505	285	215	1,224,380	576,235	648,140
Americas	225	130	90	229,280	113,350	115,930
United States of America	200	110	90	140,770	72,740	68,035
Mexico	0	0	0	11,625	5,075	6,545
Cuba	0	0	0	3,715	1,875	1,840
Haiti	0	0	0	1,250	620	630
Jamaica	10	10	0	9,200	4,480	4,720
Brazil	10	10	0	17,755	8,105	9,645
Colombia	0	0	0	12,705	5,495	7,205
Peru	0	0	0	2,750	1,050	1,700
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	5,530	2,340	3,190
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	23,985	11,560	12,425
Europe	185	100	85	224,050	113,485	110,560
Belgium	0	0	0	1,650	885	765
France	15	0	15	11,580	6,190	5,390
Germany	10	10	0	7,115	3,880	3,240
Netherlands	0	0	0	4,345	2,410	1,935
Switzerland	0	0	0	2,525	1,265	1,255
Hungary	0	0	0	2,960	1,425	1,535
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,080	880	1,205
Poland	0	0	0	16,450	7,365	9,090
Romania	0	0	0	14,985	7,380	7,605
Russian Federation	0	0	0	19,185	8,720	10,460
Ukraine	0	0	0	18,225	8,245	9,985
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	6,925	3,920	3,000
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	55	60	72,655	39,105	33,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	3,415	1,600	1,820
Italy	0	0	0	3,895	2,230	1,660
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	5,750	2,910	2,840
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	30,300	15,075	15,225
Africa	0	0	0	65,145	31,940	33,205
Nigeria	0	0	0	15,165	7,355	7,810
Algeria	0	0	0	1,550	685	860
Morocco	0	0	0	2,180	960	1,215
Tunisia	0	0	0	805	375	430
Egypt	0	0	0	17,195	8,445	8,755
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	6,770	3,545	3,225
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	21,480	10,570	10,905
Asia	55	30	25	686,295	308,075	378,220
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	35,535	16,145	19,390
Iraq	0	0	0	12,270	6,020	6,250
Israel	0	0	0	6,675	3,365	3,310
Lebanon	0	0	0	7,235	3,350	3,885
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,515	3,610	3,905
Turkey	0	0	0	7,585	4,105	3,475
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	92,585	41,055	51,530
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,535	1,125	2,410
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	8,875	3,660	5,210
Japan	0	0	0	6,310	2,145	4,160
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	21,145	8,075	13,070
Philippines	15	0	15	109,885	38,390	71,495
Viet Nam	0	0	0	5,120	1,845	3,280
Bangladesh	0	0	0	16,250	7,315	8,945
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	11,075	5,125	5,950
India	0	0	0	245,655	121,625	124,035
Pakistan	0	0	0	53,750	24,970	28,780
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	35,295	16,145	19,150
Oceania	30	20	10	19,605	9,380	10,220
Australia	30	20	10	16,965	8,040	8,925
New Zealand	0	0	0	2,445	1,240	1,200
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	200	100	95
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	22,225	10,750	11,480	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
In the labour force	11,350	5,815	5,535	7,399,200	3,847,325	3,551,880
Employed	10,310	5,315	4,995	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Unemployed	1,040	500	540	906,310	430,365	475,940
Not in the labour force	10,880	4,935	5,945	4,383,620	1,886,035	2,497,580
Participation rate	51.1	54.1	48.2	62.8	67.1	58.7
Employment rate	46.4	49.4	43.5	55.1	59.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	9.2	8.6	9.8	12.2	11.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	22,225	10,745	11,475	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,460	4,780	5,680	4,469,170	1,946,590	2,522,580
Worked	11,770	5,975	5,800	7,313,650	3,786,770	3,526,880
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,065	3,345	2,725	3,982,300	2,219,290	1,763,015
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,700	2,625	3,075	3,331,350	1,567,480	1,763,870
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.4	40.6	41.1	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,345	5,815	5,530	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	90	65	212,505	102,580	109,925
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,190	5,725	5,470	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
Employee	8,300	4,085	4,210	6,109,070	3,071,915	3,037,155
Permanent position	6,925	3,360	3,565	5,166,275	2,627,415	2,538,865
Temporary position	1,375	730	650	942,795	444,505	498,290
Fixed term (1 year or more)	300	135	165	324,250	147,125	177,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,070	595	480	618,540	297,380	321,160
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,895	1,635	1,255	1,077,625	672,825	404,800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,345	5,815	5,530	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	90	65	212,505	102,580	109,925
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,190	5,725	5,470	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	165	130	40	95,240	66,160	29,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,610	445	1,165	1,328,155	449,705	878,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	630	440	180	685,390	513,025	172,365
3 Health occupations	845	115	730	543,565	110,185	433,380
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,160	295	865	871,260	289,220	582,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	580	225	355	232,200	105,695	126,505
6 Sales and service occupations	2,765	1,165	1,600	1,735,930	782,170	953,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,075	1,910	165	1,175,410	1,063,670	111,740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	770	570	205	148,055	111,985	36,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	585	430	155	371,490	252,930	118,560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,345	5,815	5,530	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	155	90	65	212,505	102,580	109,925
All industries¹⁹¹	11,190	5,725	5,470	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	765	510	255	104,895	66,330	38,565
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	40	0	34,360	29,285	5,080
22 Utilities	120	95	25	55,230	41,785	13,445
23 Construction	995	845	150	538,340	466,825	71,515
31-33 Manufacturing	935	720	215	655,935	457,795	198,135
41 Wholesale trade	280	195	80	244,910	157,760	87,155
44-45 Retail trade	1,150	590	560	798,090	383,965	414,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	355	275	75	379,485	282,295	97,190
51 Information and cultural industries	280	150	130	169,120	98,930	70,190
52 Finance and insurance	275	130	145	399,030	185,100	213,935
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	105	100	152,050	80,630	71,420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	965	445	520	681,235	384,400	296,835
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	26,240	12,465	13,780
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	575	345	235	324,285	183,445	140,835
61 Educational services	585	180	410	531,260	165,080	366,175
62 Health care and social assistance	1,510	170	1,340	859,910	163,580	696,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290	125	165	130,490	67,705	62,785
72 Accommodation and food services	875	345	530	390,675	171,925	218,745
81 Other services (except public administration)	435	200	235	283,115	131,210	151,905
91 Public administration	555	255	300	428,030	214,245	213,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,580	6,385	6,195	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
English	12,215	6,170	6,045	7,181,805	3,743,490	3,438,320
French	15	10	0	52,565	18,880	33,680
Non-official language	85	75	10	74,365	39,275	35,090
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	305	160	150
Non-Indigenous	85	75	10	74,060	39,120	34,940
English and French	185	95	85	285,005	121,875	163,125
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	275,330	141,295	134,035
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	355	150	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	10,820	4,890	5,925
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,475	2,885	2,585
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,580	6,385	6,195	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
Single responses	12,565	6,380	6,185	7,783,760	4,024,730	3,759,025
Official languages	12,465	6,300	6,170	7,649,065	3,955,095	3,693,975
English	12,405	6,275	6,135	7,555,160	3,920,680	3,634,480
French	55	25	30	93,910	34,410	59,495
Non-official languages	105	80	20	134,690	69,640	65,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,240	610	630
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,185	590	595
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	145	75	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,030	515	510
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	465	250	215
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	560	265	300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	250	285
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	20	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	80	20	133,450	69,030	64,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,830	2,800	2,035
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	190	80	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	4,615	2,700	1,915
Amharic	0	0	0	60	25	35
Arabic	0	0	0	3,735	2,195	1,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	410	305	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	320	235	85
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	85	65	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	315	130	185
Tigrigna	0	0	0	90	45	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,365	1,510	1,855
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	140	60	80
Vietnamese	0	0	0	3,225	1,450	1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,530	655	875
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	55	20	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,330	555	780
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,255	1,410
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	160	95	65
Tamil	0	0	0	2,440	1,150	1,295
Telugu	0	0	0	55	10	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	90	80	10	50,205	27,580	22,620
Albanian	0	0	0	270	155	115
Armenian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	6,865	3,075	3,790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	65	15	60
Latvian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	40	0	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	6,790	3,065	3,730
Bulgarian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Czech	0	0	0	40	10	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	0	0	0	1,765	815	950
Russian	0	0	0	3,295	1,335	1,965
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	605	360	250
Bosnian	0	0	0	85	65	15
Croatian	0	0	0	135	80	55
Serbian	0	0	0	395	220	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	910	435	475
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	7,320	3,975	3,345
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,185	2,760
German	0	0	0	3,210	1,685	1,525
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,555	1,400	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	135	65	75
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	35	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,275	735	540
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dutch	0	0	0	680	360	320
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	40	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	515	320	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	90	45	40
Danish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	50	30	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	355	200	155
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	19,460	11,125	8,335
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15,015	8,755	6,260
Bengali	0	0	0	440	205	235
Gujarati	0	0	0	850	410	445
Hindi	0	0	0	1,145	545	600
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	150	70	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10,235	6,485	3,755
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	75	60	10
Urdu	0	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,435	2,360	2,075
Kurdish	0	0	0	125	100	25
Pashto	0	0	0	85	50	35
Persian languages	0	0	0	4,210	2,200	2,005
Dari	0	0	0	415	220	200
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,415	1,735	1,675
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	380	250	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	75	0	15,735	8,955	6,780
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,005	420	585
Portuguese	0	0	0	5,645	3,510	2,140
Romanian	0	0	0	300	155	140
Spanish	75	75	0	8,765	4,860	3,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,075	400	675
Korean	0	0	0	5,460	2,620	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	170	75	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	60	35	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10	845	320	525
American Sign Language	10	0	10	795	300	490
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	61,525	30,930	30,595
Chinese languages	0	0	0	61,360	30,840	30,520
Hakka	0	0	0	45	20	25
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,260	18,740	18,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	23,610	11,880	11,730
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	250	115	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	135	80	55
Burmese	0	0	0	15	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	45	35	15
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	35	30	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	330	170	160
Lao	0	0	0	50	15	30
Thai	0	0	0	275	150	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	970	480	490
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	0	25
Turkish	0	0	0	905	455	450
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	350	165	180
Estonian	0	0	0	65	15	45
Finnish	0	0	0	55	20	35
Hungarian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10	101,955	48,010	53,945
English and French	10	0	10	46,525	19,475	27,055
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	53,330	27,575	25,755
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	155	70	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	880	395	485
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,060	490	565
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,580	6,385	6,195	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
None	12,330	6,255	6,070	7,400,850	3,844,820	3,556,035
English	50	20	35	89,345	39,850	49,495
French	145	85	60	199,430	87,785	111,645
Non-official language	35	20	20	154,150	79,615	74,535
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,895	1,115	1,785
Non-Indigenous	35	20	20	151,255	78,510	72,750
English and French	0	0	0	270	100	170
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,395	3,425	3,970
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	7,510	3,515	3,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	50	45	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	13,575	13,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,310	5,315	4,990	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Worked at home	2,845	1,330	1,520	1,929,760	904,345	1,025,415
Worked outside Canada	25	15	15	29,740	19,860	9,875
No fixed workplace address	1,380	1,035	340	765,180	576,300	188,880
Usual place of work	6,060	2,940	3,120	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,060	2,940	3,120	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,510	1,510	2,000	2,212,620	1,041,890	1,170,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	653,055	340,750	312,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,530	1,410	1,120	885,485	523,590	361,890
Commute to a different province or territory	20	20	0	17,050	10,215	6,835
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,440	3,975	3,465	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Car, truck or van	6,790	3,670	3,120	3,790,545	2,161,945	1,628,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,300	3,440	2,855	3,451,650	2,022,010	1,429,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	490	235	260	338,895	139,935	198,960
Public transit	15	0	15	390,140	163,395	226,745
Walked	410	195	220	208,380	94,020	114,370
Bicycle	30	20	15	37,665	26,230	11,440
Other method	185	90	95	106,655	47,160	59,495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,440	3,975	3,465	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Less than 15 minutes	2,490	1,150	1,335	1,283,185	621,485	661,700
15 to 29 minutes	2,685	1,390	1,290	1,527,580	823,940	703,640
30 to 44 minutes	1,370	815	560	934,230	555,195	379,030
45 to 59 minutes	410	280	125	375,215	226,980	148,230
60 minutes and over	480	340	145	413,180	265,140	148,040
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,440	3,975	3,465	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	530	405	130	351,800	257,455	94,350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,290	880	405	797,475	512,385	285,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,995	1,135	855	1,066,580	572,020	494,565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,555	670	885	938,175	426,175	511,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,100	375	725	632,825	298,665	334,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	975	510	465	746,530	426,045	320,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,605	1,865	1,735	2,781,415	1,429,175	1,352,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	115	105	349,875	176,750	173,120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,375	1,750	1,630	2,431,540	1,252,420	1,179,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,605	1,365	1,240	2,047,210	1,053,155	994,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	90	80	268,250	135,205	133,045
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	45	35	179,995	88,815	91,175
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	85	45	40	88,260	46,390	41,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,440	1,275	1,165	1,778,960	917,950	861,010

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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