Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Peterborough, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	83,651	...	...
Population, 2016¹	81,032	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,006	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,977	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,291.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	64.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	83,650	39,490	44,160
0 to 14 years	11,960	6,080	5,880
0 to 4 years	3,635	1,865	1,765
5 to 9 years	4,170	2,145	2,025
10 to 14 years	4,155	2,070	2,090
15 to 64 years	51,435	24,775	26,660
15 to 19 years	4,195	2,105	2,090
20 to 24 years	5,985	2,920	3,070
25 to 29 years	6,020	2,975	3,045
30 to 34 years	5,450	2,700	2,750
35 to 39 years	5,185	2,545	2,635
40 to 44 years	4,505	2,130	2,375
45 to 49 years	4,430	2,200	2,230
50 to 54 years	4,545	2,130	2,410
55 to 59 years	5,375	2,480	2,895
60 to 64 years	5,750	2,590	3,165
65 years and over	20,265	8,640	11,620
65 to 69 years	5,455	2,500	2,950
70 to 74 years	5,125	2,270	2,855
75 to 79 years	3,685	1,585	2,095
80 to 84 years	2,690	1,125	1,565
85 years and over	3,310	1,160	2,150
85 to 89 years	1,910	760	1,145
90 to 94 years	1,015	320	695
95 to 99 years	345	70	275
100 years and over	45	5	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.4	13.3
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.7	60.4
65 years and over	24.2	21.9	26.3
85 years and over	4.0	2.9	4.9
Average age of the population	44.1	42.5	45.6
Median age of the population	43.2	40.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,975	...	...
Single-detached house	20,560	...	...
Semi-detached house	775	...	...
Row house	3,010	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,605	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,400	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,585	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,980	...	...
1 person	11,680	...	...
2 persons	12,785	...	...
3 persons	5,165	...	...
4 persons	4,035	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...
Number of persons in private households	81,595	38,750	42,850
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,695	33,415	38,280
Married or living common-law	36,710	18,275	18,430
Married	28,210	14,045	14,165
Living common-law	8,500	4,230	4,265
Living common law - Never married	6,260	3,140	3,125
Living common law - Separated	465	225	235
Living common law - Divorced	1,535	755	780
Living common law - Widowed	240	105	130
Not married and not living common-law	34,985	15,135	19,850
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,600	11,185	10,415
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,530	1,000	1,535
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,440	1,905	3,530
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,415	1,045	4,370
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,575	...	...
2 persons	13,045	...	...
3 persons	4,535	...	...
4 persons	3,575	...	...
5 or more persons	1,420	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,575	...	...
Total couple families	17,890	...	...
Married couples	13,645	...	...
With children⁶	6,230	...	...
Without children	7,415	...	...
Common-law couples	4,245	...	...
With children⁶	1,535	...	...
Without children	2,710	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,680	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,805	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	81,595	38,750	42,850
Total - Persons in census families	61,605	29,975	31,630
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,780	17,845	17,930
Parents in one-parent families	4,685	880	3,805
Children⁶	21,135	11,250	9,890
In a two-parent family	14,030	7,365	6,670
In a one-parent family	7,105	3,885	3,220
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,990	8,775	11,220
Living alone	11,685	4,560	7,120
Living with other relatives⁷	1,985	830	1,155
Living with non-relatives only	6,330	3,380	2,945
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,975	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,620	...	...
Couple-family households	16,000	...	...
With children⁶	6,940	...	...
Without children	9,060	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,620	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	865	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,285	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,320	...	...
One-person households	11,685	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,660	32,680	36,975
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,370	31,420	35,955
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,395	31,435	35,960
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,565	27,560	31,005
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,150	22,515	22,635
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,425	28,650	33,775
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,100	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,110	2,825	3,275
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,090	8,940	10,150
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,640	32,655	36,985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,270	31,355	35,920
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	51,900	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,310	31,375	35,935
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	43,760	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,440	27,720	30,720
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,160	47,440	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,120	22,630	22,490
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	43,640	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,485	28,740	33,745
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,080	10,860	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,265	2,935	3,330
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,260	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,970	8,890	10,080
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,730	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,640	32,650	36,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,645	9,835	8,810
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	72,900	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,905	8,515	10,390
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,020	25,640	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.8	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.4	60.7	53.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.9	19.2	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.8	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,660	32,685	36,980
Without total income	2,290	1,260	1,025
With total income	67,375	31,420	35,950
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,870	2,280	2,585
$10,000 to $19,999	9,395	4,045	5,350
$20,000 to $29,999	12,155	4,985	7,165
$30,000 to $39,999	9,915	4,325	5,590
$40,000 to $49,999	8,190	3,740	4,450
$50,000 to $59,999	6,010	2,900	3,115
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	2,110	2,270
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,710	1,530
$80,000 to $89,999	2,260	1,230	1,025
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	990	790
$100,000 and over	5,175	3,095	2,085
$100,000 to $149,999	3,740	2,135	1,605
$150,000 and over	1,440	960	480
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,660	32,685	36,980
Without after-tax income	2,260	1,245	1,015
With after-tax income	67,395	31,435	35,960
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,150	2,365	2,785
$10,000 to $19,999	9,735	4,185	5,550
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760	5,730	8,035
$30,000 to $39,999	11,490	5,185	6,305
$40,000 to $49,999	8,770	4,125	4,645
$50,000 to $59,999	6,045	2,930	3,120
$60,000 to $69,999	4,115	2,125	1,995
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590	1,405	1,185
$80,000 to $89,999	2,235	1,170	1,065
$90,000 to $99,999	1,135	665	475
$100,000 and over	2,360	1,560	805
$100,000 to $124,999	1,270	820	450
$125,000 and over	1,090	735	360
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,660	32,685	36,980
Without employment income	24,510	10,170	14,340
With employment income	45,155	22,515	22,635
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,285	4,345	3,935
$5,000 to $9,999	4,005	1,730	2,275
$10,000 to $19,999	6,020	2,695	3,325
$20,000 to $29,999	4,610	2,115	2,490
$30,000 to $39,999	4,390	2,140	2,245
$40,000 to $49,999	3,940	1,860	2,080
$50,000 to $59,999	3,035	1,530	1,505
$60,000 to $69,999	2,485	1,280	1,205
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	995	875
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	820	670
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	740	765
$100,000 and over	3,515	2,260	1,255
$100,000 to $124,999	1,870	1,120	750
$125,000 and over	1,645	1,135	510
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,660	32,680	36,975
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,280	30,865	35,410
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,305	30,870	35,430
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,170	27,375	30,795
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,440	22,600	22,835
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	33,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,355	27,205	32,145
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	2,920	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,660	2,120	2,540
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,120	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,640	32,655	36,985
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,235	30,800	35,440
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	49,720	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,260	30,800	35,460
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	41,840	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,185	27,455	30,730
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,080	35,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,610	22,685	22,930
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,640	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,485	27,270	32,215
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	7,720	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,660	2,060	2,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,035	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,640	32,650	36,990
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,490	9,760	8,730
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,300	69,600	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,900	8,000	9,895
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	22,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	31,520	26,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	77.6
Employment income (%)	62.8	66.2	59.2
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.8	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,980	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,685	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,295	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,980	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,275	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,980	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,765	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,625	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,565	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,645	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,560	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,405	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,650	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,125	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,980	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,035	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,845	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,665	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,825	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,830	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,805	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,200	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,680	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,720	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,075	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,890	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,455	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,435	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,855	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,395	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,010	7,945	10,065
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	31,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	29,600	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,465	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,335	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,870	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,410	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,740	7,720	10,015
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	42,000	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	36,240	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	81,595	38,745	42,850
0 to 17 years	14,280	7,295	6,980
0 to 5 years	4,425	2,265	2,160
18 to 64 years	48,705	23,275	25,425
65 years and over	18,610	8,170	10,440
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,465	4,670	5,790
0 to 17 years	2,025	1,035	990
0 to 5 years	655	330	330
18 to 64 years	6,070	2,820	3,250
65 years and over	2,370	810	1,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.1	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.2	14.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.6	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.1	12.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	9.9	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	81,595	38,750	42,850
0 to 17 years	14,280	7,295	6,985
0 to 5 years	4,420	2,265	2,155
18 to 64 years	48,700	23,280	25,425
65 years and over	18,615	8,175	10,440
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,930	2,565	2,360
0 to 17 years	485	245	240
0 to 5 years	145	75	70
18 to 64 years	4,155	2,200	1,950
65 years and over	285	120	170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.6	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	9.5	7.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	81,595	38,750	42,850
In bottom half of the distribution	47,535	22,060	25,475
In bottom decile	10,825	5,115	5,710
In second decile	10,030	4,440	5,585
In third decile	9,595	4,435	5,155
In fourth decile	8,770	4,085	4,685
In fifth decile	8,320	3,980	4,335
In top half of the distribution	34,060	16,690	17,370
In sixth decile	7,805	3,735	4,065
In seventh decile	7,635	3,735	3,900
In eighth decile	6,805	3,335	3,460
In ninth decile	6,510	3,210	3,295
In top decile	5,315	2,665	2,650
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	81,595	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.461	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	82,405	39,060	43,345
English only	75,595	36,210	39,375
French only	20	10	15
English and French	6,510	2,715	3,795
Neither English nor French	290	125	160
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	82,405	39,060	43,345
English	81,205	38,535	42,665
French	800	335	460
English and French	135	70	65
Neither English nor French	270	115	155
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	82,405	39,060	43,345
Single responses	81,055	38,420	42,635
Official languages	75,175	35,600	39,580
English	74,330	35,240	39,095
French	840	360	485
Non-official languages	5,885	2,825	3,060
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10
Algonquian languages	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	10	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,860	2,815	3,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	260	230
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	15	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	475	255	225
Amharic	5	0	5
Arabic	440	240	200
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	15	5	5
Maltese	10	5	10
Tigrigna	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	110	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	30
Vietnamese	210	90	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	325	140	185
Bikol	5	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Cebuano	50	20	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	90	130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	5
Haitian Creole	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	5	0	5
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	330	185	145
Kannada	20	15	5
Malayalam	125	70	55
Tamil	110	50	60
Telugu	70	50	25
Tulu	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,495	1,705	1,795
Albanian	65	30	40
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	580	250	325
Baltic languages	20	10	15
Latvian	10	5	10
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	555	245	310
Belarusian	5	0	5
Bulgarian	20	5	15
Czech	50	20	30
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	290	125	170
Russian	85	35	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5
Ukrainian	40	20	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Germanic languages	660	265	395
Frisian	5	5	5
High German languages	355	140	220
German	350	140	210
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	100	150
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	240	95	145
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	45	15	25
Danish	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	10	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	80	35	45
Indo-Iranian languages	1,335	745	590
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	620	475
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	80	45	35
Gujarati	295	180	120
Hindi	270	160	110
Kacchi	5	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5
Marathi	10	5	0
Nepali	15	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	135	110
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5
Urdu	140	70	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Iranian languages	240	125	110
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	80	45	35
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	15
Persian languages	140	70	65
Dari	60	25	30
Iranian Persian	65	35	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	765	370	395
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	210	115	95
Portuguese	130	60	70
Romanian	55	30	30
Spanish	365	170	200
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	20
Korean	205	95	115
Mongolian	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	5	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	15	5
American Sign Language	20	15	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	215	260
Chinese languages	465	205	255
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	315	140	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	70
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	35	65
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	30	5	20
Hungarian	70	25	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,350	640	710
English and French	345	150	190
English and non-official language(s)	895	440	455
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	82,405	39,060	43,345
English	75,620	35,805	39,815
French	140	60	80
Non-official language	1,180	590	585
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	1,175	595	585
English and French	890	380	515
English and non-official language(s)	4,230	2,055	2,170
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	95	110
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	82,405	39,060	43,345
Single responses	81,395	38,570	42,820
Official languages	78,745	37,250	41,490
English	78,520	37,145	41,370
French	225	105	125
Non-official languages	2,650	1,325	1,330
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,650	1,320	1,325
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	170	155
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	10	5	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	315	165	150
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	305	160	145
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	60	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10
Vietnamese	120	50	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	85	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	10
Cebuano	30	10	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	5	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	170	90	80
Kannada	10	5	5
Malayalam	65	35	30
Tamil	60	30	30
Telugu	40	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,280	655	620
Albanian	25	10	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	90	100
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	185	85	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	55	60
Russian	50	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	10
German	30	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	5	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	770	420	355
Indo-Aryan languages	625	340	280
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	30	25
Gujarati	165	100	70
Hindi	165	100	60
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	0
Marathi	15	5	10
Nepali	10	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	60
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	85	40	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	150	75	70
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	55	30	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	10
Persian languages	80	35	40
Dari	30	15	15
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	115	120
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15
Portuguese	45	25	20
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	145	70	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	165	70	90
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	25	20
American Sign Language	45	25	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	135	165
Chinese languages	295	130	160
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	210	90	115
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	5
Hungarian	10	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,015	485	525
English and French	125	50	70
English and non-official language(s)	865	425	440
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	82,405	39,060	43,345
None	77,740	36,840	40,895
English	1,220	590	625
French	720	305	415
Non-official language	2,085	990	1,100
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	30
Non-Indigenous	2,025	955	1,070
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	200	110	90
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	275	150	130
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	81,600	38,740	42,860
Official languages	81,295	38,635	42,665
English	81,290	38,635	42,655
French	6,410	2,655	3,760
Non-official languages	8,625	4,170	4,450
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	80
Algonquian languages	110	40	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	65
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	100	35	65
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	10	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	25	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	8,515	4,130	4,390
Afro-Asiatic languages	625	305	330
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	0
Hausa	10	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	610	295	315
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	545	260	280
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	45	35	10
Maltese	10	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	155	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25
Vietnamese	285	125	160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	455	205	245
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Cebuano	75	40	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10
Ilocano	30	15	20
Indonesian	20	15	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	225
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
Creole languages	30	20	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	10	10	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	505	285	220
Kannada	70	40	25
Malayalam	210	120	85
Tamil	220	110	110
Telugu	150	85	65
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,520	2,765	2,760
Albanian	140	70	65
Armenian	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	285	410
Baltic languages	15	0	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
Slavic languages	680	285	400
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Czech	30	0	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	430	180	250
Russian	85	40	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	85	35	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	55	25	20
Serbian	50	20	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	35	20	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	20	35
Irish	40	10	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	955	475	480
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	625	310	315
German	620	310	310
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	145	145
Afrikaans	40	15	20
Dutch	245	120	125
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35
Danish	30	25	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	0	20
Swedish	20	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	100	40	60
Indo-Iranian languages	2,115	1,155	965
Indo-Aryan languages	1,820	1,020	800
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	110	55	55
Gujarati	485	270	215
Hindi	1,120	655	465
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	20	10	10
Marathi	70	45	25
Nepali	25	15	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	335	210
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	15	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	20
Urdu	330	160	170
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Iranian languages	320	140	175
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	80	40	40
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	40	15	25
Persian languages	215	95	120
Dari	140	60	90
Iranian Persian	70	35	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,650	815	830
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	340	175	165
Portuguese	190	75	115
Romanian	45	20	20
Spanish	1,155	575	575
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	95	40	60
Korean	325	155	170
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	165	65	95
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	25	10	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	10	0	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	60	35	30
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	40	15	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	150	55	90
American Sign Language	150	55	90
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	600	270	325
Chinese languages	540	245	295
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	400	190	210
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	65	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	55	25	30
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	30	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	60	30	30
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	40	75
Estonian	10	0	10
Finnish	15	0	10
Hungarian	90	35	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,600	38,740	42,860
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,040	1,855	2,190
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,835	1,755	2,080
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,660	1,240	1,415
Métis	1,140	495	645
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	40	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	50
Non-Indigenous identity	77,555	36,890	40,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,600	38,740	42,860
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,455	685	770
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	80,150	38,055	42,095
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,980	...	...
Owner	21,375	...	...
Renter	14,610	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,980	...	...
Condominium	2,140	...	...
Not condominium	33,835	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,980	...	...
No bedrooms	240	...	...
1 bedroom	4,970	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,195	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,980	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,550	...	...
5 rooms	5,280	...	...
6 rooms	5,170	...	...
7 rooms	4,980	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,000	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,980	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,695	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,980	...	...
Suitable	34,625	...	...
Not suitable	1,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,980	...	...
1960 or before	12,975	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,950	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,250	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,275	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,410	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,685	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,325	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,110	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,980	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,775	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,210	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,980	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,955	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,230	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,795	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,980	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,500	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,115	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,245	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,140	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,600	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,525	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,050	...	...
85 years and over	1,800	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,895	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,660	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,235	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,975	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,115	...	...
Not suitable only	905	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,285	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	310	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	780	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,200	...	...
In core need	5,000	...	...
Not in core need	30,200	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,370	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,334	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	553,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,605	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	81,595	38,745	42,855
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,510	675	830
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,455	660	795
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,210	555	655
Métis single ancestry	245	105	140
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	15	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,775	1,705	2,070
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,655	1,665	1,995
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,860	1,295	1,570
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	765	360	400
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	45	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	45	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,315	36,355	39,955
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	81,600	38,740	42,855
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,285	36,990	41,295
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,970	7,155	6,815
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,305	29,830	34,480
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,315	1,750	1,565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	81,600	38,740	42,855
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	72,185	34,135	38,050
Immigrants⁸¹	7,880	3,745	4,135
Before 1980	2,980	1,390	1,590
1980 to 1990	875	425	455
1991 to 2000	955	410	545
2001 to 2010	1,275	590	685
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,795	930	865
2011 to 2015	625	305	320
2016 to 2021	1,165	625	540
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,535	860	675
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,875	3,745	4,135
Under 5 years	1,010	520	495
5 to 14 years	1,550	735	815
15 to 24 years	1,605	770	830
25 to 44 years	3,170	1,445	1,720
45 years and over	545	275	275
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,875	3,745	4,135
Americas	1,250	625	625
Brazil	35	15	20
Colombia	90	55	30
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	65	30	35
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	105	50	50
Mexico	80	45	40
Peru	15	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	30
United States of America	575	260	310
Other places of birth in Americas	225	125	105
Europe	3,360	1,575	1,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	25	10	20
France	20	15	10
Germany	275	140	135
Greece	45	20	25
Hungary	40	10	25
Italy	120	65	55
Netherlands	245	120	125
Poland	290	100	185
Portugal	50	20	35
Romania	50	25	25
Russian Federation	25	0	20
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,695	830	860
Other places of birth in Europe	455	200	250
Africa	420	205	215
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	65	35	35
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	70	25	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	35
Other places of birth in Africa	210	105	100
Asia	2,780	1,300	1,480
Afghanistan	105	50	55
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	25
Iraq	50	20	30
Lebanon	20	0	20
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	140
Turkey	20	15	10
China⁹⁰	305	125	175
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35
Korea, South⁹²	220	90	130
Taiwan	20	0	15
Philippines	385	180	205
Viet Nam	195	85	110
Bangladesh	50	30	20
India	545	275	265
Pakistan	160	85	75
Sri Lanka	90	40	50
Other places of birth in Asia	220	100	125
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	40	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,165	625	545
Americas	175	120	50
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	0
Mexico	40	25	15
United States of America	45	35	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Americas	50	35	15
Europe	80	40	35
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	0
Africa	90	30	60
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15
Asia	825	425	395
Afghanistan	10	10	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	0	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	170	115	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	15	15	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Lebanon	10	0	10
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	20	10
Philippines	155	85	65
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	40	15	25
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	135
Turkey	15	10	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	25	0	25
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	81,600	38,740	42,860
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,025	4,900	5,125
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,800	5,550	6,245
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,770	28,285	31,490
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,900	2,355	2,545
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,175	1,140	1,035
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	955	625	330
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,220	515	705
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,600	670	935
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,045	500	545
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	45	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,900	2,355	2,545
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	285	120	165
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	335	230
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	80	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	340	160	180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	0	45
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,525	1,660	1,865
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	81,600	38,740	42,860
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,635	3,885	3,750
South Asian	2,570	1,425	1,145
Chinese	795	385	410
Black	1,115	565	550
Filipino	555	255	295
Arab	480	245	240
Latin American	420	245	175
Southeast Asian	545	245	305
West Asian	265	135	130
Korean	325	145	180
Japanese	85	45	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	215	100	115
Multiple visible minorities	255	100	160
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,960	34,860	39,110
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	81,600	38,740	42,860
Canadian	13,360	6,455	6,900
English	25,955	12,190	13,775
Irish	24,390	11,075	13,315
Scottish	20,120	9,360	10,760
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,745	3,605	4,135
German	7,160	3,370	3,795
Chinese	900	420	480
Italian	3,315	1,630	1,690
Indian (India)	1,605	940	665
Ukrainian	1,560	755	805
Dutch	4,285	2,040	2,245
Polish	2,285	1,045	1,240
Québécois	155	70	90
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,350	2,100	2,250
Filipino	585	250	335
French Canadian	1,115	445	670
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,055	1,045	1,010
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,785	805	985
Métis	1,180	525	655
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,560	730	830
Russian	455	165	285
Norwegian	580	225	360
Welsh	2,050	900	1,150
Portuguese	540	260	280
American	860	395	465
Spanish	490	215	280
Swedish	505	195	310
Hungarian	630	325	305
Acadian	225	95	125
Pakistani	260	140	120
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	260	120	140
Jewish	425	190	235
Punjabi	155	70	80
Vietnamese	255	105	150
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	160
Greek	390	170	215
Jamaican	375	165	210
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	65	100
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	140	165
Korean	315	140	175
Romanian	200	80	115
Lebanese	110	40	70
Iranian	65	20	45
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	145	155
Danish	400	185	210
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	735	305	435
Sikh	115	60	50
Austrian	365	150	220
Belgian	265	125	140
Haitian	20	0	15
Hindu	230	135	95
Mexican	190	100	85
Mennonite	95	50	45
Swiss	270	130	145
Finnish	435	200	230
Sri Lankan	100	45	50
Croatian	190	90	100
Japanese	150	55	95
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	70	110
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	265	165	105
Muslim	110	60	50
Egyptian	100	30	65
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	50	15
Tamil	65	35	30
Icelandic	110	45	60
Colombian	145	80	65
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	200	110	90
Syrian	210	110	100
Guyanese	125	70	55
Afghan	155	65	95
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	20
Serbian	80	25	50
Ojibway	570	290	280
Newfoundlander	190	90	95
Hong Konger	10	0	10
Ontarian	530	225	305
Persian	15	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	55	45
Turkish	80	25	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	25
Bangladeshi	70	30	40
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	55	35	25
Nigerian	90	45	50
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	105	45	55
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135	40	95
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	25	0	20
Iraqi	25	20	10
Salvadorean	15	15	0
African Caribbean	30	10	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	20	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95	50	45
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	40	20
Algonquin	135	60	75
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	15	30
Lithuanian	90	40	55
South African	115	50	75
Australian	85	50	35
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	25	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	25	25
Ethiopian	25	0	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	40	40
Peruvian	30	20	10
Yoruba	20	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	155	85	65
Maltese	215	115	105
Macedonian	130	55	80
Slovenian	75	40	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	50	50
New Brunswicker	15	10	10
Gujarati	55	20	35
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	10	15
Israeli	50	40	10
Mohawk	260	115	145
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20
Bulgarian	35	10	25
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	15	0
Barbadian	90	55	40
African American	55	20	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	15	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	30	35
Cuban	65	25	35
Bosnian	15	10	0
Venezuelan	30	10	20
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10
Latvian	90	40	50
Bengali	20	10	15
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	10	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0
Laotian	10	0	10
Ilocano	30	20	0
Northern Irish	85	35	45
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	60	70
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20
Franco Ontarian	25	20	0
Argentinian	35	0	35
Estonian	70	25	45
Kurdish	70	35	35
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20
Dominican	10	0	10
Nepali	25	15	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	30	10
New Zealander	55	25	30
Sudanese	20	0	20
Breton	10	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	40	30
Malaysian	10	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	60	30	30
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	120	60	60
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	15	10	10
Jordanian	40	20	15
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	20	10	10
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	10	10	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	25	15	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	20	15
United Empire Loyalist	95	60	40
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	35	25	10
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	70	30	40
Zimbabwean	10	0	10
Burmese	10	0	10
Mongolian	20	15	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	10	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	30	15
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	20	0	20
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	30	15	10
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	81,600	38,740	42,860
Buddhist	370	155	210
Christian	41,530	18,405	23,125
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,205	2,260	2,945
Anabaptist	75	30	45
Anglican	4,635	1,945	2,690
Baptist	1,045	430	610
Catholic	16,815	7,775	9,040
Christian Orthodox	335	140	195
Jehovah's Witness	150	50	105
Latter Day Saints	205	65	140
Lutheran	355	155	200
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	395	200	200
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,115	510	605
Presbyterian	1,395	590	805
Reformed	260	150	115
United Church	6,415	2,705	3,705
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,130	1,410	1,720
Hindu	1,115	655	455
Jewish	260	125	135
Muslim	1,235	575	655
Sikh	335	195	140
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130	55	80
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,005	375	625
No religion and secular perspectives	35,625	18,200	17,425
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	80,935	38,395	42,540
Non-movers	70,845	33,675	37,170
Movers	10,090	4,720	5,370
Non-migrants	6,120	2,910	3,205
Migrants	3,970	1,810	2,165
Internal migrants	3,710	1,685	2,025
Intraprovincial migrants	3,500	1,575	1,925
Interprovincial migrants	210	110	100
External migrants	265	125	140
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	77,990	36,915	41,075
Non-movers	46,600	21,995	24,605
Movers	31,395	14,920	16,470
Non-migrants	14,015	6,720	7,300
Migrants	17,375	8,205	9,175
Internal migrants	15,085	6,980	8,105
Intraprovincial migrants	14,105	6,505	7,595
Interprovincial migrants	980	475	505
External migrants	2,290	1,220	1,070
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,645	32,650	36,990
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,700	5,915	5,780
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,935	26,735	31,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,935	19,475	21,455
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,230	2,360	1,870
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,705	17,120	19,585
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,640	32,655	36,985
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,465	5,285	5,185
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,450	10,755	10,695
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,725	16,615	21,115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,575	9,500	12,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,385	2,310	1,070
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,645	970	665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,740	1,340	400
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,155	6,800	10,355
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	390	655
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,155	7,115	9,035
Bachelor's degree	11,010	4,690	6,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	485	625
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	195	180
Master's degree	3,085	1,420	1,670
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	570	320	245
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,930	19,475	21,455
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,695	2,105	1,595
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,095	6,235	4,865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,135	11,135	15,000
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,470	6,310	8,165
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,880	1,280	600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	960	605	355
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	920	675	245
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,995	4,775	7,220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	255	340
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,660	4,825	6,835
Bachelor's degree	7,935	3,240	4,695
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	305	465
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	130	145
Master's degree	2,295	970	1,330
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	185	195
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,640	32,655	36,985
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,915	16,040	15,875
Education	2,695	670	2,025
13. Education	2,695	670	2,025
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	550	715
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	160	35
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	395	685
Humanities	2,385	1,015	1,370
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	25	115
23. English language and literature/letters	695	205	485
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	160	210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	30	70
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	95	95
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	200	130
54. History	495	275	220
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,945	1,595	3,350
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	50	105
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	155	160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	60	885
22. Legal professions and studies	690	220	475
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	85	115
42. Psychology	930	205	720
45. Social sciences	1,695	820	875
Business, management and public administration	6,775	2,805	3,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	240	885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,640	2,560	3,085
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,630	730	900
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	880	340	540
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	120	175
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	40
40. Physical sciences	340	245	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,370	870	495
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,000	680	325
25. Library science	55	0	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	135	100
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	55	30
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,740	5,270	475
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	45
14. Engineering	1,130	945	185
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,785	1,625	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,205	1,175	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	865	850	15
48. Precision production	630	600	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	990	525	465
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	205	195
03. Natural resources and conservation	590	320	270
Health and related fields	7,170	1,255	5,915
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	295	275
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,425	870	5,550
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,715	1,310	1,405
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,300	325	975
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	650	400
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	320	20
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,930	19,480	21,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,795	8,340	6,460
Education	1,840	450	1,390
13. Education	1,840	450	1,390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	350	520
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	20
50. Visual and performing arts	770	275	500
Humanities	1,495	625	865
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80
23. English language and literature/letters	455	140	315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	95	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	20	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	80	80
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	95	65
54. History	320	170	150
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,530	1,050	2,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	40	85
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	120	145
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	680	40	640
22. Legal professions and studies	505	145	370
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	70	95
42. Psychology	630	105	525
45. Social sciences	1,150	525	625
Business, management and public administration	4,840	1,915	2,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	160	720
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,955	1,755	2,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,130	470	660
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	250	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	75	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25
40. Physical sciences	215	135	75
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,000	685	315
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	560	230
25. Library science	30	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	85	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,610	3,230	380
04. Architecture and related services	100	60	40
14. Engineering	775	605	165
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,140	1,020	125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	720	710	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	500	10
48. Precision production	360	330	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	760	370	390
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	140	155
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	235	230
Health and related fields	4,960	945	4,015
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	210	225
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,385	670	3,715
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	65	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,075	1,035	1,040
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	970	260	710
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	820	500	325
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	260	0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,930	19,480	21,455
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,795	8,340	6,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,135	11,140	14,995
Location of study inside Canada	23,820	10,005	13,815
Same as province or territory of residence	22,655	9,495	13,150
Different than province or territory of residence	1,170	510	665
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,315	1,130	1,180
Americas	560	265	300
United States of America	415	190	220
Mexico	45	15	30
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	20	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20
Europe	550	315	240
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	15
Germany	10	10	0
Netherlands	15	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	45	25	20
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	285	160	130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	30
Africa	60	35	20
Nigeria	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	1,050	490	560
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	80	20	55
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	60	20	40
Philippines	200	85	110
Viet Nam	25	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
India	500	270	230
Pakistan	70	40	35
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	25
Oceania	90	30	60
Australia	75	25	50
New Zealand	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,640	32,655	36,985
In the labour force	39,845	19,770	20,075
Employed	34,000	17,015	16,985
Unemployed	5,845	2,755	3,090
Not in the labour force	29,795	12,880	16,910
Participation rate	57.2	60.5	54.3
Employment rate	48.8	52.1	45.9
Unemployment rate	14.7	13.9	15.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,640	32,655	36,985
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,440	13,415	17,025
Worked	39,200	19,240	19,955
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,055	10,105	8,945
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,145	9,135	11,010
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.1	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,850	19,775	20,075
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415
Employee	33,855	16,350	17,505
Permanent position	28,330	13,670	14,655
Temporary position	5,525	2,675	2,855
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,545	660	880
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,985	2,015	1,970
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,645	2,740	1,910
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,850	19,775	20,075
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	325	220	105
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,135	1,565	3,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,440	1,835	605
3 Health occupations	4,125	755	3,365
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,600	1,900	3,695
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,160	530	630
6 Sales and service occupations	11,795	5,365	6,430
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,665	5,180	485
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	560	440	125
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,705	1,290	420
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,850	19,775	20,075
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655
All industries¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	510	265	245
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	70	10
22 Utilities	455	385	65
23 Construction	2,720	2,465	255
31-33 Manufacturing	2,635	2,010	620
41 Wholesale trade	1,035	730	305
44-45 Retail trade	5,340	2,610	2,730
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,365	1,010	355
51 Information and cultural industries	600	385	210
52 Finance and insurance	1,015	405	615
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645	340	305
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,140	1,190	950
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,295	1,310	985
61 Educational services	3,670	1,220	2,450
62 Health care and social assistance	7,005	1,395	5,605
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	515	450
72 Accommodation and food services	2,815	1,285	1,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,625	715	910
91 Public administration	1,555	775	780
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,345	20,825	21,525
English	41,385	20,475	20,915
French	100	20	75
Non-official language	65	35	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30
English and French	485	160	320
English and non-official language(s)	275	120	160
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,345	20,825	21,525
Single responses	42,245	20,790	21,455
Official languages	42,120	20,740	21,380
English	41,940	20,695	21,245
French	175	45	130
Non-official languages	125	55	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	55	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	20
American Sign Language	25	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	100	30	65
English and French	75	20	60
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,345	20,825	21,525
None	41,650	20,560	21,090
English	135	40	95
French	335	125	210
Non-official language	175	65	110
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous	155	55	95
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,005	17,015	16,980
Worked at home	7,070	3,070	3,995
Worked outside Canada	85	45	45
No fixed workplace address	4,060	2,955	1,105
Usual place of work	22,785	10,945	11,840
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,790	10,945	11,840
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,480	7,700	9,780
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,535	1,480	1,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,735	1,750	980
Commute to a different province or territory	40	15	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,845	13,900	12,945
Car, truck or van	22,805	11,930	10,880
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,605	10,880	9,725
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,200	1,050	1,155
Public transit	985	360	620
Walked	2,080	1,020	1,055
Bicycle	385	255	125
Other method	590	330	260
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,845	13,900	12,945
Less than 15 minutes	13,915	6,430	7,480
15 to 29 minutes	7,245	3,715	3,535
30 to 44 minutes	2,550	1,555	995
45 to 59 minutes	1,400	875	520
60 minutes and over	1,735	1,325	410
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,845	13,900	12,945
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,645	1,145	505
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,215	2,425	1,790
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,705	3,570	3,135
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,990	2,610	3,385
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,580	1,620	1,965
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,710	2,535	2,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,555	7,445	7,110
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	920	445	475
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,635	7,000	6,635
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,665	5,435	5,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680	325	355
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	175	190
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	145	165
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,985	5,115	4,875

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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