Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Clarington, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	101,427	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,013	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	36,852	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,953	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	166.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	610.84	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	101,425	49,785	51,645
0 to 14 years	19,620	10,005	9,610
0 to 4 years	6,200	3,195	3,010
5 to 9 years	6,740	3,425	3,320
10 to 14 years	6,675	3,395	3,280
15 to 64 years	66,140	32,525	33,615
15 to 19 years	5,990	3,040	2,945
20 to 24 years	5,460	2,845	2,615
25 to 29 years	5,895	2,965	2,930
30 to 34 years	7,155	3,405	3,750
35 to 39 years	7,775	3,760	4,015
40 to 44 years	7,055	3,480	3,570
45 to 49 years	6,430	3,165	3,265
50 to 54 years	6,540	3,095	3,450
55 to 59 years	7,560	3,685	3,875
60 to 64 years	6,280	3,090	3,195
65 years and over	15,670	7,250	8,420
65 to 69 years	4,925	2,310	2,620
70 to 74 years	4,225	1,980	2,240
75 to 79 years	2,935	1,400	1,540
80 to 84 years	1,815	815	995
85 years and over	1,770	745	1,030
85 to 89 years	1,080	470	610
90 to 94 years	525	215	305
95 to 99 years	155	55	95
100 years and over	20	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.3	20.1	18.6
15 to 64 years	65.2	65.3	65.1
65 years and over	15.4	14.6	16.3
85 years and over	1.7	1.5	2.0
Average age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.3
Median age of the population	39.2	38.4	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,955	...	...
Single-detached house	27,945	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,075	...	...
Row house	3,125	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	65	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,950	...	...
1 person	6,540	...	...
2 persons	11,560	...	...
3 persons	6,580	...	...
4 persons	7,140	...	...
5 or more persons	4,130	...	...
Number of persons in private households	100,730	49,460	51,270
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,810	39,775	42,040
Married or living common-law	51,000	25,495	25,505
Married	42,350	21,175	21,170
Living common-law	8,650	4,320	4,330
Living common law - Never married	5,840	2,930	2,910
Living common law - Separated	575	300	270
Living common law - Divorced	1,990	985	1,005
Living common law - Widowed	250	110	145
Not married and not living common-law	30,805	14,280	16,530
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,450	10,900	9,550
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,370	940	1,430
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,150	1,570	2,585
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,840	870	2,975
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,835	...	...
2 persons	13,130	...	...
3 persons	6,885	...	...
4 persons	7,040	...	...
5 or more persons	2,775	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,830	...	...
Total couple families	25,190	...	...
Married couples	20,870	...	...
With children⁶	12,665	...	...
Without children	8,200	...	...
Common-law couples	4,325	...	...
With children⁶	2,015	...	...
Without children	2,305	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,640	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,535	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,105	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	100,730	49,460	51,270
Total - Persons in census families	89,725	44,535	45,195
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,385	25,160	25,230
Parents in one-parent families	4,640	1,105	3,535
Children⁶	34,700	18,270	16,430
In a two-parent family	27,295	14,400	12,895
In a one-parent family	7,400	3,870	3,535
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,005	4,930	6,075
Living alone	6,540	2,820	3,720
Living with other relatives⁷	2,310	875	1,430
Living with non-relatives only	2,160	1,230	925
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,955	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,285	...	...
Couple-family households	22,010	...	...
With children⁶	12,910	...	...
Without children	9,100	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,275	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,740	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,260	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	815	...	...
One-person households	6,545	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	81,125	39,460	41,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,100	37,895	40,205
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,800	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,120	37,905	40,215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,740	35,620	36,120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,800	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,655	31,395	29,260
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,800	33,085	36,715
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,760	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,905	3,400	4,505
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,600	6,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,475	10,030	11,445
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	81,125	39,455	41,665
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,095	37,895	40,200
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	69,500	49,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,115	37,905	40,210
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,080	56,150	42,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,815	35,660	36,155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,700	65,900	43,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,655	31,385	29,265
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	60,550	44,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,990	33,040	36,940
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,660	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,830	3,360	4,470
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,510	8,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,295	9,850	11,445
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,710	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	81,130	39,455	41,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,495	16,830	13,660
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	81,000	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,100	89,000	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,375	9,710	11,665
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	21,800	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,000	34,520	24,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	89.2	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	72.2	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	10.9	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.5	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	81,130	39,455	41,670
Without total income	3,030	1,565	1,465
With total income	78,095	37,895	40,205
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,925	2,380	3,545
$10,000 to $19,999	8,200	3,160	5,035
$20,000 to $29,999	9,755	3,855	5,900
$30,000 to $39,999	8,480	3,350	5,130
$40,000 to $49,999	8,335	3,765	4,575
$50,000 to $59,999	7,315	3,485	3,830
$60,000 to $69,999	6,065	3,025	3,040
$70,000 to $79,999	5,145	2,875	2,270
$80,000 to $89,999	4,040	2,315	1,730
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	1,935	1,485
$100,000 and over	11,415	7,755	3,665
$100,000 to $149,999	8,170	5,250	2,915
$150,000 and over	3,245	2,500	745
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	81,130	39,455	41,670
Without after-tax income	3,005	1,550	1,450
With after-tax income	78,120	37,910	40,215
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,280	2,470	3,810
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	3,365	5,275
$20,000 to $29,999	11,080	4,420	6,665
$30,000 to $39,999	10,285	4,315	5,970
$40,000 to $49,999	10,070	4,750	5,320
$50,000 to $59,999	8,240	4,170	4,070
$60,000 to $69,999	6,405	3,555	2,855
$70,000 to $79,999	4,970	2,850	2,120
$80,000 to $89,999	4,300	2,410	1,895
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,690	860
$100,000 and over	5,290	3,915	1,370
$100,000 to $124,999	3,035	2,195	835
$125,000 and over	2,255	1,715	540
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	81,130	39,455	41,670
Without employment income	20,475	8,065	12,410
With employment income	60,650	31,390	29,260
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,560	5,045	4,515
$5,000 to $9,999	4,340	1,790	2,555
$10,000 to $19,999	6,225	2,715	3,505
$20,000 to $29,999	4,440	1,910	2,535
$30,000 to $39,999	4,260	1,830	2,435
$40,000 to $49,999	4,555	1,990	2,560
$50,000 to $59,999	4,380	2,105	2,275
$60,000 to $69,999	4,070	2,075	1,990
$70,000 to $79,999	3,635	2,080	1,555
$80,000 to $89,999	3,090	1,810	1,285
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	1,630	1,495
$100,000 and over	8,980	6,420	2,555
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	2,990	1,525
$125,000 and over	4,460	3,430	1,035
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	81,125	39,460	41,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,685	37,155	39,540
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,745	37,155	39,590
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,130	35,250	35,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,015	31,420	29,590
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	55,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,650	31,025	34,630
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,360	850	5,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,340	2,510	3,820
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,720	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	81,125	39,455	41,665
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,680	37,085	39,590
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	66,900	46,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,735	37,085	39,650
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,760	54,100	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,385	35,315	36,075
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	65,300	43,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,315	31,525	29,790
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,200	44,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,610	30,945	34,660
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,595	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305	2,545	3,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	5,715	8,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	81,130	39,455	41,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,405	16,770	13,630
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	77,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,200	86,000	66,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,330	9,225	11,100
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,200	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,920	42,880	30,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	93.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	76.0	79.0	72.0
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.0	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,950	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,410	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,955	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,525	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,430	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,950	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	165	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	625	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	750	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	845	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	925	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,970	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,045	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,120	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,115	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,605	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,250	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,940	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,320	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,950	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	540	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	735	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	740	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	905	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,615	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,055	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,730	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,370	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,950	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,890	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,785	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,095	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,700	4,050	4,645
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	55,200	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	47,600	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,840	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,220	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,785	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,110	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,695	4,095	4,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,950	69,600	57,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,950	56,300	48,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	100,730	49,460	51,270
0 to 17 years	23,210	11,810	11,400
0 to 5 years	7,560	3,880	3,685
18 to 64 years	62,390	30,635	31,750
65 years and over	15,125	7,010	8,115
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,835	2,210	2,630
0 to 17 years	1,235	635	595
0 to 5 years	355	175	180
18 to 64 years	2,625	1,230	1,390
65 years and over	980	340	635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.8	4.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.5	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2	4.0	4.4
65 years and over (%)	6.5	4.9	7.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,730	49,465	51,270
0 to 17 years	23,210	11,810	11,395
0 to 5 years	7,560	3,875	3,685
18 to 64 years	62,395	30,640	31,755
65 years and over	15,130	7,015	8,115
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,680	865	815
0 to 17 years	320	150	165
0 to 5 years	90	40	45
18 to 64 years	1,195	640	550
65 years and over	170	70	100
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	2.1	1.7
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270
In bottom half of the distribution	36,630	17,355	19,270
In bottom decile	4,275	2,050	2,215
In second decile	6,060	2,685	3,380
In third decile	7,300	3,385	3,910
In fourth decile	8,975	4,325	4,645
In fifth decile	10,020	4,905	5,110
In top half of the distribution	64,100	32,100	31,995
In sixth decile	11,095	5,465	5,625
In seventh decile	12,465	6,150	6,320
In eighth decile	13,585	6,775	6,810
In ninth decile	14,320	7,195	7,125
In top decile	12,635	6,515	6,125
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	100,730	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.291	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	100,950	49,550	51,395
English only	92,865	46,160	46,700
French only	70	30	45
English and French	7,565	3,180	4,380
Neither English nor French	450	185	265
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	100,950	49,550	51,395
English	98,875	48,615	50,260
French	1,405	670	735
English and French	245	90	150
Neither English nor French	425	175	255
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	100,950	49,550	51,395
Single responses	98,680	48,515	50,170
Official languages	89,295	44,015	45,280
English	87,875	43,340	44,530
French	1,425	670	755
Non-official languages	9,390	4,500	4,885
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,380	4,500	4,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	405	215	195
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	400	210	190
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	345	180	160
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	5	0	5
Hebrew	10	5	5
Maltese	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10
Vietnamese	100	45	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	440	165	280
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10
Ilocano	20	5	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	145	235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	20	15	10
Haitian Creole	10	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	1,180	600	580
Kannada	10	5	5
Malayalam	175	90	90
Tamil	910	455	450
Telugu	85	45	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,170	2,990	3,185
Albanian	40	25	15
Armenian	25	15	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	620	670
Baltic languages	25	15	15
Latvian	15	5	10
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	1,265	610	650
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	25	10	10
Macedonian	110	55	50
Polish	625	300	325
Russian	155	70	85
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	125	70	55
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	50	30	20
Serbian	60	30	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10
Ukrainian	170	75	95
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,000	445	555
Frisian	20	5	15
High German languages	450	190	255
German	435	190	250
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	235	265
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	465	220	245
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20
Danish	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	155	90	65
Indo-Iranian languages	1,860	925	935
Indo-Aryan languages	1,280	630	650
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	105	50	55
Gujarati	155	75	85
Hindi	180	85	95
Kacchi	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	10
Marathi	25	10	10
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	80	85
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25
Urdu	575	300	275
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	575	295	285
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	15	5
Parsi	5	0	0
Pashto	65	35	35
Persian languages	485	245	240
Dari	355	165	190
Iranian Persian	65	40	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,800	870	930
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	580	295	280
Portuguese	465	210	250
Romanian	100	50	50
Spanish	655	305	345
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	90	45	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	210	100	110
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	15	5	10
Éwé	10	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	5	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	5
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	15	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5
Yoruba	50	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	195	245
Chinese languages	425	185	235
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	90	120
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	85	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10
Burmese	5	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	10	10	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	5	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	90	125
Estonian	15	5	5
Finnish	40	20	25
Hungarian	160	60	95
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Multiple responses	2,265	1,040	1,225
English and French	495	215	285
English and non-official language(s)	1,570	750	820
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	110	45	65
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	100,950	49,550	51,395
English	90,025	44,420	45,600
French	330	150	185
Non-official language	1,920	930	985
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,920	930	985
English and French	1,225	500	725
English and non-official language(s)	6,980	3,335	3,650
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	140	180
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	70
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	100,950	49,550	51,395
Single responses	99,240	48,740	50,500
Official languages	95,120	46,735	48,385
English	94,610	46,500	48,105
French	505	230	280
Non-official languages	4,125	2,010	2,120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,125	2,010	2,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	210	100	110
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	95	110
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	190	90	100
Aramaic languages	15	10	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	70	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5
Ilocano	15	5	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	50	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	935	465	470
Kannada	5	5	5
Malayalam	140	75	65
Tamil	710	345	370
Telugu	70	40	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,260	1,105	1,150
Albanian	25	15	10
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	400	195	205
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	395	190	200
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	35	20	15
Polish	210	105	105
Russian	80	40	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	5
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	25	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	30	30
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	10	20
German	25	10	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	10
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,140	560	580
Indo-Aryan languages	825	405	420
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	70	35	35
Gujarati	105	50	55
Hindi	115	50	65
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5
Urdu	395	200	195
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	320	155	165
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	30	15	20
Persian languages	265	125	140
Dari	200	90	115
Iranian Persian	30	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	25	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	585	295	290
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	85	40	45
Portuguese	165	75	85
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	305	160	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	55	25	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	35
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	5
Yoruba	15	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	10
American Sign Language	25	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	130	140
Chinese languages	255	125	130
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	70	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	5	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	50	20	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,710	810	895
English and French	200	80	110
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	700	750
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	100,950	49,550	51,395
None	93,705	46,180	47,525
English	1,985	955	1,025
French	925	370	555
Non-official language	3,485	1,640	1,845
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	3,480	1,640	1,840
English and French	40	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	225	115	110
French and non-official language(s)	165	65	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	410	200	210
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	100,730	49,465	51,265
Official languages	100,280	49,270	51,010
English	100,225	49,240	50,985
French	7,600	3,220	4,385
Non-official languages	13,750	6,605	7,155
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	15
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,730	6,585	7,145
Afro-Asiatic languages	765	380	385
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	765	380	385
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	650	320	330
Aramaic languages	25	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	40	20	20
Maltese	50	20	30
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	85	120
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	20	15
Vietnamese	170	65	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	630	245	385
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	45	0	40
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20
Ilocano	20	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	605	230	375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Creole languages	250	110	140
Haitian Creole	45	10	35
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	70	90
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	1,705	900	810
Kannada	25	15	10
Malayalam	200	105	95
Tamil	1,390	740	650
Telugu	190	100	85
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,795	4,275	4,525
Albanian	65	35	30
Armenian	50	25	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,385	690	695
Baltic languages	40	15	20
Latvian	30	10	15
Lithuanian	10	0	0
Slavic languages	1,355	675	680
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	0
Czech	45	15	30
Macedonian	145	95	50
Polish	695	330	365
Russian	160	60	95
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	150	65	80
Bosnian	15	0	15
Croatian	60	35	30
Serbian	85	35	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	40	20	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	30	10
Ukrainian	155	75	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	50	30	20
Irish	20	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,455	640	825
Frisian	45	15	30
High German languages	845	375	475
German	830	360	465
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	30	15	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	265	320
Afrikaans	15	0	10
Dutch	555	260	300
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10
Scandinavian languages	65	15	50
Danish	25	10	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	40	10	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	305	160	145
Indo-Iranian languages	2,955	1,465	1,485
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,130	1,120
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	80	40	35
Gujarati	260	115	140
Hindi	810	395	410
Kacchi	15	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	25	10	20
Marathi	55	25	30
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	260	240
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	40	70
Urdu	1,105	615	490
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10
Iranian languages	815	395	415
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	10	10
Parsi	25	0	20
Pashto	110	75	35
Persian languages	735	355	380
Dari	485	210	275
Iranian Persian	120	75	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	75	60
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,780	1,360	1,420
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	955	485	470
Portuguese	565	295	270
Romanian	125	40	80
Spanish	1,185	550	635
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	45	25	25
Korean	135	65	80
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	625	300	325
Akan (Twi)	60	20	35
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	15	10	10
Éwé	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	15	10	0
Igbo	65	45	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10
Lingala	70	35	35
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	20	25
Shona	15	0	15
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	105	60	45
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	200	90	105
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	150	60	85
American Sign Language	145	55	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	310	375
Chinese languages	640	285	355
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	310	135	175
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	10	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	365	170	195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	45	25	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15
Lao	10	0	15
Thai	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	205	90	115
Estonian	35	10	20
Finnish	40	15	25
Hungarian	135	60	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,635	1,235	1,405
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,420	1,160	1,260
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,330	620	710
Métis	1,030	505	525
Inuk (Inuit)	65	40	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	45	60
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	25	85
Non-Indigenous identity	98,095	48,230	49,865
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	100,730	49,460	51,270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	645	300	345
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,080	49,165	50,920
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,950	...	...
Owner	30,800	...	...
Renter	5,150	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,950	...	...
Condominium	2,665	...	...
Not condominium	33,285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,950	...	...
No bedrooms	75	...	...
1 bedroom	1,875	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,080	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,175	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,750	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,950	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,510	...	...
5 rooms	4,880	...	...
6 rooms	6,375	...	...
7 rooms	6,055	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,125	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,950	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,620	...	...
More than one person per room	330	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,950	...	...
Suitable	34,800	...	...
Not suitable	1,150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,950	...	...
1960 or before	4,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,240	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,195	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,750	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,155	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,205	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,950	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,750	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,205	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,950	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,635	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,730	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,590	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,950	...	...
15 to 24 years	190	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,625	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,615	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,045	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,650	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,070	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,820	...	...
85 years and over	935	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,665	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,020	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,645	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,950	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,455	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,180	...	...
Not suitable only	925	...	...
Major repairs needed only	815	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,495	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,190	...	...
In core need	2,635	...	...
Not in core need	32,555	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,610	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	68.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,810	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	772,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,135	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,590	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	100,730	49,460	51,270
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	715	330	385
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	695	320	375
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	380	170	210
Métis single ancestry	305	140	165
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,365	1,655	1,715
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,275	1,615	1,660
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,205	1,255
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	780	390	390
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	35	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	35	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,645	47,480	49,170
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	100,730	49,460	51,265
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,585	47,970	49,615
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,915	11,700	11,215
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,670	36,275	38,400
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,140	1,490	1,655
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	100,730	49,460	51,265
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,010	41,935	43,075
Immigrants⁸¹	15,305	7,315	7,995
Before 1980	5,185	2,450	2,735
1980 to 1990	1,925	895	1,030
1991 to 2000	2,595	1,270	1,320
2001 to 2010	2,815	1,370	1,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,795	1,330	1,460
2011 to 2015	1,365	675	690
2016 to 2021	1,430	660	775
Non-permanent residents⁸³	410	210	200
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,305	7,315	7,990
Under 5 years	1,960	1,000	955
5 to 14 years	3,385	1,660	1,720
15 to 24 years	3,465	1,615	1,845
25 to 44 years	5,660	2,655	3,000
45 years and over	845	380	470
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,305	7,315	7,990
Americas	3,050	1,340	1,715
Brazil	105	60	40
Colombia	110	35	75
El Salvador	40	15	20
Guyana	460	220	245
Haiti	35	10	25
Jamaica	875	390	480
Mexico	70	25	50
Peru	30	20	10
Trinidad and Tobago	365	165	200
United States of America	430	155	275
Other places of birth in Americas	535	240	295
Europe	6,180	2,995	3,180
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	15
Croatia	55	25	30
France	50	30	20
Germany	370	190	175
Greece	110	70	35
Hungary	55	30	25
Italy	400	225	170
Netherlands	525	275	255
Poland	485	230	255
Portugal	225	115	105
Romania	110	40	75
Russian Federation	45	20	25
Serbia⁸⁶	80	20	60
Ukraine	70	30	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,990	1,400	1,595
Other places of birth in Europe	600	305	290
Africa	970	495	470
Algeria	35	15	20
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	40
Egypt	85	55	35
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	15	15	0
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	290	155	130
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	85	50	35
Other places of birth in Africa	380	175	200
Asia	5,050	2,435	2,620
Afghanistan	405	200	200
Iran⁸⁸	110	65	45
Iraq	90	40	55
Lebanon	45	25	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	330	135	190
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	30	40
Korea, South⁹²	100	55	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	650	265	385
Viet Nam	125	50	75
Bangladesh	35	15	20
India	1,150	565	585
Pakistan	665	360	305
Sri Lanka	845	420	430
Other places of birth in Asia	410	195	220
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	50	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,425	655	770
Americas	260	110	145
Brazil	50	35	10
Colombia	25	0	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	30	35
Mexico	15	0	15
United States of America	60	10	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	20
Europe	110	65	40
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Europe	55	35	20
Africa	165	90	75
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	15	0	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	125	85	40
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	20
Asia	880	375	505
Afghanistan	15	0	15
Bangladesh	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	20	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	490	210	285
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	80	50	35
Philippines	90	30	65
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	45	10	35
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	10
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	100,730	49,465	51,270
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,380	7,810	8,565
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,425	10,535	10,885
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,925	31,110	31,815
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,125	4,865	5,260
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,480	2,250	2,235
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,720	1,050	670
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,760	1,200	1,560
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,630	1,570	2,060
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,855	975	880
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	160	75	90
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,125	4,865	5,260
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	880	475	405
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	980	520	465
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	110	120
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580	280	300
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,400	3,450	3,945
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	100,730	49,460	51,270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	16,615	8,100	8,515
South Asian	4,970	2,590	2,380
Chinese	895	440	455
Black	5,255	2,500	2,765
Filipino	1,165	495	665
Arab	570	280	280
Latin American	740	350	395
Southeast Asian	380	160	220
West Asian	690	320	375
Korean	140	70	75
Japanese	180	100	80
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	800	385	415
Multiple visible minorities	825	415	415
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,115	41,360	42,750
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	100,730	49,460	51,265
Canadian	19,325	9,735	9,590
English	27,955	13,530	14,425
Irish	21,245	10,115	11,125
Scottish	21,740	10,340	11,400
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,140	3,380	3,760
German	8,085	4,085	3,990
Chinese	1,320	630	690
Italian	5,320	2,745	2,575
Indian (India)	2,450	1,215	1,235
Ukrainian	3,025	1,460	1,570
Dutch	5,855	2,845	3,010
Polish	3,535	1,680	1,855
Québécois	165	80	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,490	2,520	2,965
Filipino	1,165	520	645
French Canadian	1,400	650	750
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,175	965	1,210
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,230	560	665
Métis	1,195	580	620
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,360	690	670
Russian	605	280	320
Norwegian	440	220	215
Welsh	2,390	1,155	1,230
Portuguese	1,595	795	800
American	890	460	425
Spanish	690	335	355
Swedish	620	310	310
Hungarian	1,025	515	510
Acadian	315	165	150
Pakistani	940	500	435
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	430	500
Jewish	290	135	155
Punjabi	85	40	45
Vietnamese	225	110	115
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	195	110	85
Greek	995	505	485
Jamaican	2,050	920	1,130
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	160	85	75
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	55	60
Korean	145	70	70
Romanian	430	220	210
Lebanese	265	155	115
Iranian	115	55	50
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	260	125	140
Danish	470	220	250
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	560	245	315
Sikh	60	30	30
Austrian	605	300	300
Belgian	480	255	225
Haitian	150	40	110
Hindu	260	120	135
Mexican	170	70	105
Mennonite	40	15	20
Swiss	520	265	250
Finnish	655	315	340
Sri Lankan	905	440	465
Croatian	285	125	160
Japanese	190	100	95
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	215	135	85
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	355	215	145
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	390	185	205
Muslim	195	115	80
Egyptian	120	60	65
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	40	40
Tamil	530	265	265
Icelandic	155	80	70
Colombian	135	65	70
Moroccan	30	15	15
Czech	370	145	225
Syrian	65	30	30
Guyanese	755	350	400
Afghan	685	305	385
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	440	220	220
Serbian	235	105	135
Ojibway	165	60	110
Newfoundlander	430	220	215
Hong Konger	60	20	40
Ontarian	755	380	370
Persian	60	35	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	635	315	320
Turkish	30	0	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	20
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	20	10	10
Brazilian	170	85	85
Nigerian	250	145	105
Armenian	90	50	40
Slovak	275	135	140
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	65	85
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	30	25
Salvadorean	60	15	45
African Caribbean	335	170	160
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	25	30
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	70	35
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	300	165	145
Algonquin	115	60	60
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	430	220	215
Lithuanian	130	55	75
South African	225	110	115
Australian	170	100	70
Palestinian	195	105	90
Chilean	85	45	35
Congolese	80	25	55
Nova Scotian	135	75	65
Ethiopian	45	20	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	85	40	45
Peruvian	55	35	20
Yoruba	140	65	75
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	75	45	35
Maltese	445	230	210
Macedonian	420	235	185
Slovenian	140	85	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	55	80
New Brunswicker	75	30	45
Gujarati	50	25	20
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	150	65	90
Israeli	45	20	25
Mohawk	270	155	115
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	60	50
Bulgarian	65	35	30
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	50	20	30
Barbadian	215	75	140
African American	70	25	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	75	95
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	15
Cuban	100	45	55
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	85	35	50
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	185	75	115
Bengali	45	30	15
Cameroonian	90	45	45
Guatemalan	75	50	25
Indonesian	65	30	35
Laotian	30	15	15
Ilocano	10	0	10
Northern Irish	230	110	125
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	15	50
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	20	25
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15
Argentinian	35	20	20
Estonian	175	85	90
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	45	30	15
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	55	65
Coptic	25	20	10
Thai	30	10	20
Dominican	30	10	20
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	30	15	10
Byelorussian	35	20	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	10
New Zealander	60	40	25
Sudanese	35	30	10
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	35
Malaysian	40	15	25
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	25	15	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10
Burundian	25	10	10
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	20	10	10
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	85	35	50
Jordanian	80	50	30
Manitoban	25	10	15
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	60	30	30
Malayali	40	20	25
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	75	30	45
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	30	10	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	30	10	20
Indo-Caribbean	30	10	20
Flemish	25	10	15
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	60	60	0
Pashtun	100	60	40
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	30	15	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	30	35
Tibetan	50	25	20
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	15	0	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	45	25	25
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	50	35	25
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	30	20	10
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	10
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	30	10	20
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	10	15
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	25	10	10
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	100,730	49,460	51,270
Buddhist	335	145	190
Christian	54,345	25,245	29,100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,785	3,625	4,160
Anabaptist	20	10	10
Anglican	5,030	2,210	2,825
Baptist	1,505	665	845
Catholic	23,050	10,915	12,130
Christian Orthodox	1,115	585	530
Jehovah's Witness	340	180	170
Latter Day Saints	235	110	125
Lutheran	595	285	310
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	510	210	305
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,825	870	960
Presbyterian	1,285	600	690
Reformed	905	445	460
United Church	7,360	3,250	4,110
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,760	1,290	1,470
Hindu	2,025	1,015	1,010
Jewish	195	90	115
Muslim	2,885	1,480	1,405
Sikh	235	110	125
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	25	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	410	150	260
No religion and secular perspectives	40,235	21,210	19,025
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	99,615	48,890	50,730
Non-movers	89,615	44,055	45,560
Movers	10,005	4,835	5,170
Non-migrants	3,650	1,780	1,875
Migrants	6,350	3,055	3,295
Internal migrants	6,110	2,930	3,180
Intraprovincial migrants	6,005	2,875	3,125
Interprovincial migrants	110	55	55
External migrants	240	125	115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	94,540	46,330	48,210
Non-movers	58,750	29,050	29,700
Movers	35,790	17,280	18,505
Non-migrants	10,595	5,140	5,455
Migrants	25,195	12,145	13,050
Internal migrants	24,060	11,610	12,445
Intraprovincial migrants	23,155	11,125	12,025
Interprovincial migrants	910	485	420
External migrants	1,135	530	605
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,130	39,455	41,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,285	6,670	5,615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,840	32,790	36,050
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	26,430	28,125
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,350	2,540	1,810
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,205	23,890	26,315
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	81,125	39,460	41,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,980	5,840	5,140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,730	12,205	11,520
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,420	21,410	25,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,315	15,125	15,190
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,355	4,200	1,155
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,230	1,460	765
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,125	2,735	390
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,555	10,365	13,190
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	565	845
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,100	6,280	9,820
Bachelor's degree	11,780	4,295	7,485
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	990	420	570
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	150	130
Master's degree	2,785	1,255	1,535
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	165	95
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,555	26,435	28,120
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,600	2,100	1,500
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,895	7,565	6,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,060	16,770	20,295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,715	11,720	11,995
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,715	2,980	735
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	950	465
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,295	2,025	270
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,960	8,320	10,640
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,040	420	625
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,345	5,045	8,295
Bachelor's degree	9,695	3,475	6,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	335	510
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	100	110
Master's degree	2,395	1,020	1,375
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	120	85
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	81,125	39,460	41,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,710	18,050	16,660
Education	2,755	650	2,105
13. Education	2,755	650	2,105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,570	715	855
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	290	220	70
50. Visual and performing arts	1,280	495	785
Humanities	1,885	645	1,245
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	30	100
23. English language and literature/letters	505	100	405
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	170	285
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	130	35	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	50	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	110	110
54. History	275	140	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,305	1,540	4,765
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	10	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	810	285	530
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,380	65	1,315
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	250	840
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	50	105
42. Psychology	1,080	170	915
45. Social sciences	1,725	720	1,010
Business, management and public administration	8,685	3,165	5,520
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,055	165	885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,620	2,990	4,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	515	820
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	610	200	410
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	100	160
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	55
40. Physical sciences	275	160	115
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	45	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,655	1,080	575
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,370	940	430
25. Library science	75	10	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	100	90
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,060	9,375	680
04. Architecture and related services	290	225	65
14. Engineering	1,370	1,120	250
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,975	2,710	260
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,205	2,170	40
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,150	2,115	35
48. Precision production	1,065	1,030	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	995	465	535
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	695	275	415
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	190	115
Health and related fields	7,465	1,250	6,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	950	475	480
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,430	740	5,690
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	40	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,695	2,010	1,685
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	260	1,095
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,860	1,280	580
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	460	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,555	26,430	28,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,495	9,665	7,830
Education	2,115	485	1,620
13. Education	2,115	485	1,620
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,245	565	685
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	215	185	40
50. Visual and performing arts	1,030	385	645
Humanities	1,410	455	950
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70
23. English language and literature/letters	365	55	310
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	130	215
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	20	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	30	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	80	80
54. History	235	115	125
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,265	1,215	4,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	60
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	250	480
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	50	1,070
22. Legal professions and studies	970	205	765
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	45	80
42. Psychology	850	130	720
45. Social sciences	1,420	540	880
Business, management and public administration	7,110	2,550	4,555
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	115	785
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,200	2,430	3,765
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,075	390	680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495	145	345
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	70	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	15	40
40. Physical sciences	210	120	90
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	40	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,395	915	480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,185	810	375
25. Library science	55	10	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	75	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,645	7,070	570
04. Architecture and related services	245	195	50
14. Engineering	1,155	935	220
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,295	2,090	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,675	1,640	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,515	1,485	30
48. Precision production	755	730	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	385	455
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	570	220	350
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	165	105
Health and related fields	5,930	1,020	4,910
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	790	390	400
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,075	605	4,465
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,030	1,705	1,325
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,045	205	840
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,610	1,135	475
49. Transportation and materials moving	370	360	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,555	26,430	28,125
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,495	9,665	7,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	37,060	16,765	20,295
Location of study inside Canada	33,425	15,005	18,420
Same as province or territory of residence	31,860	14,260	17,595
Different than province or territory of residence	1,565	740	825
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,640	1,760	1,875
Americas	1,175	590	585
United States of America	815	400	410
Mexico	30	0	25
Cuba	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	105	55	50
Brazil	45	25	20
Colombia	20	0	15
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15
Other locations of study in Americas	110	70	40
Europe	805	460	345
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	10	0
Germany	45	30	15
Netherlands	15	15	0
Switzerland	20	10	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	60	35	25
Romania	40	20	20
Russian Federation	25	15	10
Ukraine	35	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	410	245	165
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	35	60
Africa	205	100	105
Nigeria	65	30	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	15
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	90	50	40
Asia	1,320	570	750
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15
Iraq	20	15	15
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	25	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Japan	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25
Philippines	230	70	160
Viet Nam	15	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	80	40	40
India	595	270	320
Pakistan	155	85	70
Other locations of study in Asia	35	20	20
Oceania	135	40	95
Australia	125	35	90
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	81,125	39,460	41,670
In the labour force	54,265	27,880	26,385
Employed	48,260	25,070	23,195
Unemployed	5,995	2,805	3,190
Not in the labour force	26,865	11,580	15,285
Participation rate	66.9	70.7	63.3
Employment rate	59.5	63.5	55.7
Unemployment rate	11.0	10.1	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	81,125	39,460	41,670
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,330	11,840	15,490
Worked	53,800	27,615	26,180
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,095	17,210	13,890
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,705	10,410	12,295
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.0	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,260	27,875	26,385
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630
Employee	46,310	23,335	22,980
Permanent position	40,405	20,440	19,955
Temporary position	5,915	2,890	3,025
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,780	840	940
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,130	2,045	2,085
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,500	3,850	2,655
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,260	27,875	26,385
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	420	300	125
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,070	2,450	6,620
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,810	2,965	845
3 Health occupations	4,505	655	3,850
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,260	2,395	4,865
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,305	495	810
6 Sales and service occupations	12,515	5,575	6,935
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,350	9,500	850
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,080	870	210
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,495	1,975	515
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,260	27,875	26,385
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,450	695	755
All industries¹⁹¹	52,815	27,185	25,630
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	730	465	260
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	55	0
22 Utilities	2,405	1,845	555
23 Construction	5,250	4,675	570
31-33 Manufacturing	3,685	2,725	960
41 Wholesale trade	1,580	1,110	470
44-45 Retail trade	5,945	2,950	2,990
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,320	1,765	555
51 Information and cultural industries	990	575	420
52 Finance and insurance	2,170	835	1,340
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	920	435	490
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,235	1,580	1,655
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	70	110
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,465	980
61 Educational services	4,420	1,210	3,210
62 Health care and social assistance	7,265	1,015	6,250
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	985	510	470
72 Accommodation and food services	2,525	990	1,535
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,135	1,005	1,130
91 Public administration	3,555	1,885	1,675
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,285	29,295	27,995
English	55,845	28,680	27,160
French	155	45	110
Non-official language	95	55	45
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	55	45
English and French	710	255	460
English and non-official language(s)	445	255	195
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,285	29,295	27,995
Single responses	57,070	29,240	27,835
Official languages	56,890	29,135	27,750
English	56,610	29,060	27,550
French	275	75	200
Non-official languages	185	105	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	105	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	75	45	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	15	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	35	25
Chinese languages	55	35	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	30	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	215	55	160
English and French	155	20	135
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,285	29,295	27,995
None	56,300	28,830	27,470
English	195	75	115
French	435	200	240
Non-official language	285	155	130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	280	155	125
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,260	25,065	23,190
Worked at home	11,425	4,640	6,790
Worked outside Canada	115	70	40
No fixed workplace address	6,220	4,980	1,245
Usual place of work	30,505	15,380	15,120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,505	15,385	15,120
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,585	4,720	5,870
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,875	6,235	6,635
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,005	4,410	2,600
Commute to a different province or territory	35	20	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,720	20,360	16,360
Car, truck or van	34,305	19,405	14,895
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,235	18,415	13,820
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,070	990	1,075
Public transit	790	340	450
Walked	875	345	535
Bicycle	40	30	10
Other method	705	235	475
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,720	20,360	16,360
Less than 15 minutes	9,040	3,950	5,095
15 to 29 minutes	12,515	6,320	6,195
30 to 44 minutes	6,875	4,170	2,700
45 to 59 minutes	3,565	2,405	1,160
60 minutes and over	4,725	3,520	1,210
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,720	20,360	16,360
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,425	3,470	955
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,765	4,985	2,775
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,240	4,205	4,035
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,190	2,495	3,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,905	1,630	2,275
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,195	3,575	2,625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,610	12,025	11,590
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,990	945	1,045
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,620	11,080	10,545
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,915	8,580	8,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,490	695	790
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	340	445
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	700	355	350
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,420	7,885	7,540

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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