Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Uxbridge, Township (TP)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,556
Population, 2016¹	21,176
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.8
Total private dwellings²	8,310
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,008
Population density per square kilometre	51.3
Land area in square kilometres	420.52
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,560
0 to 14 years	3,270
0 to 4 years	965
5 to 9 years	1,095
10 to 14 years	1,205
15 to 64 years	13,675
15 to 19 years	1,350
20 to 24 years	1,285
25 to 29 years	995
30 to 34 years	1,100
35 to 39 years	1,155
40 to 44 years	1,075
45 to 49 years	1,350
50 to 54 years	1,580
55 to 59 years	1,940
60 to 64 years	1,850
65 years and over	4,615
65 to 69 years	1,415
70 to 74 years	1,160
75 to 79 years	810
80 to 84 years	605
85 years and over	620
85 to 89 years	370
90 to 94 years	205
95 to 99 years	45
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2
15 to 64 years	63.4
65 years and over	21.4
85 years and over	2.9
Average age of the population	44.2
Median age of the population	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,010
Single-detached house	6,520
Semi-detached house	125
Row house	390
Apartment or flat in a duplex	145
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	675
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	135
Other single-attached house	20
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,005
1 person	1,665
2 persons	2,780
3 persons	1,290
4 persons	1,440
5 or more persons	830
Number of persons in private households	21,405
Average household size	2.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,290
Married or living common-law	11,435
Married	9,805
Living common-law	1,630
Living common law - Never married	985
Living common law - Separated	115
Living common law - Divorced	475
Living common law - Widowed	55
Not married and not living common-law	6,850
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,400
Not married and not living common law - Separated	410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	885
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,160
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,415
2 persons	3,095
3 persons	1,315
4 persons	1,425
5 or more persons	585
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,415
Total couple families	5,655
Married couples	4,835
With children⁶	2,695
Without children	2,140
Common-law couples	815
With children⁶	350
Without children	465
Total one-parent families	765
in which the parent is a woman+	585
in which the parent is a man+	180
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	21,405
Total - Persons in census families	18,905
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,305
Parents in one-parent families	765
Children⁶	6,830
In a two-parent family	5,700
In a one-parent family	1,135
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,505
Living alone	1,670
Living with other relatives⁷	435
Living with non-relatives only	405
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,005
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,560
Couple-family households	4,995
With children⁶	2,715
Without children	2,275
One-parent-family households	565
Multigenerational households⁸	305
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	220
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	185
One-person households	1,670
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,590
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,610
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,430
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,955
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,465
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,245
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,375
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,510
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,530
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,330
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,450
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,955
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,250
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,370
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,290
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,330
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,390
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,140
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,325
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	98,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,870
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,140
Without total income	550
With total income	17,585
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,525
$10,000 to $19,999	1,910
$20,000 to $29,999	2,330
$30,000 to $39,999	1,800
$40,000 to $49,999	1,685
$50,000 to $59,999	1,390
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210
$70,000 to $79,999	990
$80,000 to $89,999	860
$90,000 to $99,999	745
$100,000 and over	3,150
$100,000 to $149,999	1,875
$150,000 and over	1,270
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,140
Without after-tax income	525
With after-tax income	17,615
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,655
$10,000 to $19,999	2,020
$20,000 to $29,999	2,620
$30,000 to $39,999	2,130
$40,000 to $49,999	1,950
$50,000 to $59,999	1,625
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285
$70,000 to $79,999	1,015
$80,000 to $89,999	935
$90,000 to $99,999	595
$100,000 and over	1,780
$100,000 to $124,999	805
$125,000 and over	980
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,140
Without employment income	5,180
With employment income	12,955
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,080
$5,000 to $9,999	1,045
$10,000 to $19,999	1,300
$20,000 to $29,999	950
$30,000 to $39,999	910
$40,000 to $49,999	890
$50,000 to $59,999	785
$60,000 to $69,999	725
$70,000 to $79,999	640
$80,000 to $89,999	585
$90,000 to $99,999	600
$100,000 and over	2,445
$100,000 to $124,999	980
$125,000 and over	1,465
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,285
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,290
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,275
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,045
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,500
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,140
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,230
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,095
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,380
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	925
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,140
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	106,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,660
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6
Employment income (%)	74.6
Government transfers (%)	8.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,005
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,670
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,340
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	140,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,010
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	146,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	114,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,665
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,300
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,150
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,350
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,005
Under $5,000	60
$5,000 to $9,999	25
$10,000 to $14,999	50
$15,000 to $19,999	100
$20,000 to $24,999	165
$25,000 to $29,999	205
$30,000 to $34,999	175
$35,000 to $39,999	205
$40,000 to $44,999	215
$45,000 to $49,999	185
$50,000 to $59,999	380
$60,000 to $69,999	415
$70,000 to $79,999	430
$80,000 to $89,999	405
$90,000 to $99,999	380
$100,000 and over	4,600
$100,000 to $124,999	865
$125,000 to $149,999	790
$150,000 to $199,999	1,195
$200,000 and over	1,750
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,005
Under $5,000	85
$5,000 to $9,999	30
$10,000 to $14,999	55
$15,000 to $19,999	110
$20,000 to $24,999	180
$25,000 to $29,999	220
$30,000 to $34,999	220
$35,000 to $39,999	245
$40,000 to $44,999	210
$45,000 to $49,999	250
$50,000 to $59,999	465
$60,000 to $69,999	505
$70,000 to $79,999	485
$80,000 to $89,999	500
$90,000 to $99,999	460
$100,000 and over	3,975
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050
$125,000 to $149,999	850
$150,000 and over	2,080
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,240
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,325
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,060
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	685
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,070
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,240
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	167,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,335
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,100
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	208,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	650
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,050
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,900
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	21,410
0 to 17 years	4,075
0 to 5 years	1,175
18 to 64 years	12,835
65 years and over	4,490
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,290
0 to 17 years	225
0 to 5 years	65
18 to 64 years	700
65 years and over	365
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5
65 years and over (%)	8.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,405
0 to 17 years	4,080
0 to 5 years	1,175
18 to 64 years	12,835
65 years and over	4,495
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	440
0 to 17 years	70
0 to 5 years	20
18 to 64 years	300
65 years and over	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	21,410
In bottom half of the distribution	6,750
In bottom decile	1,145
In second decile	1,155
In third decile	1,340
In fourth decile	1,420
In fifth decile	1,680
In top half of the distribution	14,655
In sixth decile	1,880
In seventh decile	2,235
In eighth decile	2,700
In ninth decile	3,355
In top decile	4,485
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	21,405
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,480
English only	19,760
French only	5
English and French	1,640
Neither English nor French	70
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,480
English	21,205
French	175
English and French	35
Neither English nor French	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,480
Single responses	21,165
Official languages	19,290
English	19,100
French	190
Non-official languages	1,875
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	0
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	40
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	80
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,320
Albanian	0
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	275
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	265
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	15
Macedonian	45
Polish	85
Russian	60
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	20
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	365
Frisian	0
High German languages	245
German	240
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	20
Danish	10
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	75
Indo-Iranian languages	160
Indo-Aryan languages	80
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	15
Hindi	10
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	75
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	75
Dari	35
Iranian Persian	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	420
Catalan	0
Italian	215
Portuguese	75
Romanian	25
Spanish	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	10
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235
Chinese languages	235
Hakka	0
Mandarin	120
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	75
Estonian	15
Finnish	10
Hungarian	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	310
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	210
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,480
English	19,795
French	15
Non-official language	260
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	260
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	1,130
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	65
Multiple non-official languages	30
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,480
Single responses	21,240
Official languages	20,660
English	20,635
French	25
Non-official languages	580
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	580
Afro-Asiatic languages	35
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	35
Amharic	0
Arabic	30
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	45
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	45
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	305
Albanian	0
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	65
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	60
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	5
Polish	20
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	15
German	15
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	65
Indo-Aryan languages	30
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	5
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	35
Dari	25
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	110
Catalan	0
Italian	35
Portuguese	15
Romanian	15
Spanish	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135
Chinese languages	135
Hakka	0
Mandarin	75
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	235
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	190
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,475
None	20,265
English	260
French	165
Non-official language	665
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	665
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	30
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	21,405
Official languages	21,335
English	21,335
French	1,605
Non-official languages	2,655
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	170
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	170
Amharic	0
Arabic	140
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	80
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	45
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	45
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	1,870
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	355
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	350
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	15
Macedonian	60
Polish	85
Russian	110
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	560
Frisian	0
High German languages	380
German	370
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	135
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	25
Danish	15
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	120
Indo-Iranian languages	210
Indo-Aryan languages	85
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	40
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	150
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	120
Dari	65
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	700
Catalan	0
Italian	295
Portuguese	100
Romanian	50
Spanish	295
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	40
Korean	55
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305
Chinese languages	305
Hakka	0
Mandarin	205
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	20
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	90
Estonian	15
Finnish	20
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,410
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	335
First Nations (North American Indian)	155
Métis	160
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0
Non-Indigenous identity	21,060
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,410
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	75
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,330
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,010
Owner	6,730
Renter	1,275
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,010
Condominium	590
Not condominium	7,420
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,010
No bedrooms	25
1 bedroom	485
2 bedrooms	1,330
3 bedrooms	2,955
4 or more bedrooms	3,215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,010
1 to 4 rooms	1,075
5 rooms	815
6 rooms	1,065
7 rooms	1,330
8 or more rooms	3,720
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,010
One person or fewer per room	7,965
More than one person per room	45
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,010
Suitable	7,870
Not suitable	140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,010
1960 or before	1,575
1961 to 1980	1,815
1981 to 1990	1,175
1991 to 2000	1,220
2001 to 2005	745
2006 to 2010	755
2011 to 2015	340
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	390
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,010
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,620
Major repairs needed	385
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,010
One-maintainer household	3,360
Two-maintainer household	4,315
Three-or-more-maintainer household	335
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,010
15 to 24 years	20
25 to 34 years	615
35 to 44 years	975
45 to 54 years	1,595
55 to 64 years	2,100
65 to 74 years	1,410
75 to 84 years	885
85 years and over	410
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,775
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,200
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,570
30% to less than 100%	1,365
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,010
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,955
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,450
Not suitable only	110
Major repairs needed only	260
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	6,050
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,570
In core need	775
Not in core need	6,795
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,550
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0
% in core housing need⁶³	7.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,944
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,038,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,250
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0
% in core housing need⁶³	27.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,512
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	21,405
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	100
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30
Métis single ancestry	45
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	430
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	430
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	340
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,875
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	21,405
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,945
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,145
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,800
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	465
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	21,405
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,475
Immigrants⁸¹	2,890
Before 1980	1,485
1980 to 1990	385
1991 to 2000	430
2001 to 2010	375
2011 to 2021⁸²	215
2011 to 2015	105
2016 to 2021	115
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,890
Under 5 years	395
5 to 14 years	635
15 to 24 years	620
25 to 44 years	1,095
45 years and over	140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,890
Americas	375
Brazil	10
Colombia	15
El Salvador	0
Guyana	30
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	35
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	45
United States of America	145
Other places of birth in Americas	55
Europe	1,665
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	10
France	25
Germany	145
Greece	20
Hungary	15
Italy	125
Netherlands	70
Poland	55
Portugal	40
Romania	45
Russian Federation	20
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	830
Other places of birth in Europe	200
Africa	155
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	25
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	55
Other places of birth in Africa	50
Asia	670
Afghanistan	30
Iran⁸⁸	30
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	40
Turkey	15
China⁹⁰	145
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
Korea, South⁹²	50
Taiwan	0
Philippines	105
Viet Nam	20
Bangladesh	0
India	40
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	40
Other places of birth in Asia	70
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	110
Americas	35
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	25
United States of America	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	10
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	60
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	10
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	21,410
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,140
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,535
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,730
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,405
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	760
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	315
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	465
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,405
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	185
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,025
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	21,410
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,715
South Asian	335
Chinese	395
Black	220
Filipino	190
Arab	25
Latin American	75
Southeast Asian	25
West Asian	85
Korean	50
Japanese	110
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60
Multiple visible minorities	155
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,685
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	21,405
Canadian	3,690
English	7,360
Irish	5,045
Scottish	5,280
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,200
German	2,305
Chinese	435
Italian	1,620
Indian (India)	150
Ukrainian	540
Dutch	1,070
Polish	650
Québécois	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,540
Filipino	175
French Canadian	210
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	425
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	175
Métis	155
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	330
Russian	230
Norwegian	110
Welsh	615
Portuguese	265
American	325
Spanish	190
Swedish	140
Hungarian	345
Acadian	60
Pakistani	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60
Jewish	170
Punjabi	0
Vietnamese	35
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50
Greek	390
Jamaican	150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0
Korean	60
Romanian	145
Lebanese	35
Iranian	65
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160
Danish	130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50
Sikh	0
Austrian	195
Belgian	70
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	35
Mennonite	45
Swiss	85
Finnish	100
Sri Lankan	45
Croatian	45
Japanese	110
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100
Muslim	0
Egyptian	65
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	10
Icelandic	30
Colombian	40
Moroccan	0
Czech	85
Syrian	35
Guyanese	30
Afghan	75
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0
Serbian	30
Ojibway	10
Newfoundlander	45
Hong Konger	10
Ontarian	170
Persian	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30
Turkish	50
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	25
Nigerian	0
Armenian	15
Slovak	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15
Lithuanian	30
South African	70
Australian	30
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	25
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25
Peruvian	40
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	50
Macedonian	145
Slovenian	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	45
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	30
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	75
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	20
Estonian	55
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	10
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	0
United Empire Loyalist	25
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	20
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	20
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	10
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	21,410
Buddhist	60
Christian	11,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,855
Anabaptist	50
Anglican	1,230
Baptist	370
Catholic	4,155
Christian Orthodox	450
Jehovah's Witness	70
Latter Day Saints	15
Lutheran	195
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	70
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	225
Presbyterian	665
Reformed	30
United Church	1,870
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	615
Hindu	80
Jewish	220
Muslim	215
Sikh	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	80
No religion and secular perspectives	8,865
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,255
Non-movers	19,465
Movers	1,790
Non-migrants	580
Migrants	1,210
Internal migrants	1,155
Intraprovincial migrants	1,130
Interprovincial migrants	20
External migrants	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,480
Non-movers	13,795
Movers	6,685
Non-migrants	1,840
Migrants	4,845
Internal migrants	4,700
Intraprovincial migrants	4,500
Interprovincial migrants	205
External migrants	145
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,650
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,485
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,985
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	745
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,235
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,365
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,340
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,435
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,550
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,180
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	485
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,005
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,885
Bachelor's degree	3,605
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	325
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100
Master's degree	775
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	655
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,545
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,860
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	275
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	475
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,860
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,680
Bachelor's degree	2,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65
Master's degree	610
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,135
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,700
Education	805
13. Education	805
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85
50. Visual and performing arts	390
Humanities	565
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	55
54. History	130
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,420
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240
22. Legal professions and studies	215
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	235
45. Social sciences	495
Business, management and public administration	2,070
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,960
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,175
04. Architecture and related services	105
14. Engineering	425
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	445
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	510
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	530
48. Precision production	165
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	365
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275
03. Natural resources and conservation	95
Health and related fields	1,245
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	975
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	570
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	260
49. Transportation and materials moving	55
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,440
Education	535
13. Education	535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45
50. Visual and performing arts	265
Humanities	375
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25
23. English language and literature/letters	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	50
54. History	90
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,125
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	165
22. Legal professions and studies	165
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	180
45. Social sciences	410
Business, management and public administration	1,520
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,425
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	285
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,560
04. Architecture and related services	70
14. Engineering	345
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	375
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	375
48. Precision production	120
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	270
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	210
03. Natural resources and conservation	65
Health and related fields	885
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	645
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	425
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	180
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	200
49. Transportation and materials moving	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,540
Location of study inside Canada	6,920
Same as province or territory of residence	6,550
Different than province or territory of residence	370
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	625
Americas	180
United States of America	145
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15
Europe	230
Belgium	0
France	10
Germany	10
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	20
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	20
Ireland⁹⁶	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	45
Africa	25
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	180
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	50
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Philippines	50
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	10
India	10
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	15
Australia	15
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,140
In the labour force	11,720
Employed	10,740
Unemployed	985
Not in the labour force	6,415
Participation rate	64.6
Employment rate	59.2
Unemployment rate	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,135
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,255
Worked	11,885
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,585
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,300
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,720
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,480
Employee	8,985
Permanent position	7,600
Temporary position	1,385
Fixed term (1 year or more)	280
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,105
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,495
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,720
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,480
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	290
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,190
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	800
3 Health occupations	675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,435
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	410
6 Sales and service occupations	2,610
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	675
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	285
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,720
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	240
All industries¹⁹¹	11,480
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	550
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30
22 Utilities	115
23 Construction	1,330
31-33 Manufacturing	715
41 Wholesale trade	505
44-45 Retail trade	1,205
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	350
51 Information and cultural industries	240
52 Finance and insurance	525
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,205
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	545
61 Educational services	1,030
62 Health care and social assistance	985
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	290
72 Accommodation and food services	480
81 Other services (except public administration)	395
91 Public administration	620
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,695
English	12,360
French	10
Non-official language	25
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	170
English and non-official language(s)	115
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,695
Single responses	12,645
Official languages	12,595
English	12,575
French	25
Non-official languages	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	10
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	50
English and French	35
English and non-official language(s)	20
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,695
None	12,445
English	30
French	125
Non-official language	75
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	75
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,740
Worked at home	3,470
Worked outside Canada	10
No fixed workplace address	1,375
Usual place of work	5,885
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,885
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	700
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,795
Commute to a different province or territory	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,260
Car, truck or van	6,790
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,320
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	475
Public transit	40
Walked	310
Bicycle	10
Other method	110
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,260
Less than 15 minutes	1,980
15 to 29 minutes	1,545
30 to 44 minutes	1,590
45 to 59 minutes	1,070
60 minutes and over	1,070
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,260
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	655
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,800
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,530
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	955
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,010
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,185
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	325
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,860
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,140
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,880

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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