Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Aurora, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	62,057	...	...
Population, 2016¹	55,445	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,253	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,506	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,241.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	50.00	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	62,060	30,115	31,940
0 to 14 years	10,580	5,375	5,200
0 to 4 years	2,975	1,495	1,480
5 to 9 years	3,615	1,830	1,785
10 to 14 years	3,995	2,050	1,940
15 to 64 years	41,920	20,430	21,495
15 to 19 years	4,225	2,195	2,030
20 to 24 years	3,775	1,965	1,810
25 to 29 years	3,200	1,655	1,540
30 to 34 years	3,450	1,665	1,785
35 to 39 years	3,980	1,845	2,135
40 to 44 years	4,265	1,930	2,335
45 to 49 years	4,705	2,235	2,470
50 to 54 years	4,945	2,350	2,590
55 to 59 years	5,105	2,475	2,630
60 to 64 years	4,280	2,105	2,180
65 years and over	9,555	4,315	5,245
65 to 69 years	3,020	1,475	1,540
70 to 74 years	2,410	1,090	1,320
75 to 79 years	1,715	775	945
80 to 84 years	1,150	505	645
85 years and over	1,255	465	795
85 to 89 years	770	305	470
90 to 94 years	375	125	245
95 to 99 years	100	25	70
100 years and over	20	10	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.0	17.8	16.3
15 to 64 years	67.5	67.8	67.3
65 years and over	15.4	14.3	16.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	40.9	39.9	41.8
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,505	...	...
Single-detached house	12,980	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,490	...	...
Row house	3,610	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	670	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,535	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,205	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,505	...	...
1 person	3,670	...	...
2 persons	6,230	...	...
3 persons	4,455	...	...
4 persons	4,845	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...
Number of persons in private households	61,390	29,915	31,480
Average household size	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,480	24,740	26,735
Married or living common-law	31,615	15,715	15,895
Married	28,690	14,265	14,420
Living common-law	2,925	1,445	1,475
Living common law - Never married	1,905	950	955
Living common law - Separated	125	65	55
Living common law - Divorced	850	415	435
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	30
Not married and not living common-law	19,865	9,025	10,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,570	7,185	6,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,245	490	760
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,785	910	1,875
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,260	435	1,825
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	18,095	...	...
2 persons	7,120	...	...
3 persons	4,680	...	...
4 persons	4,910	...	...
5 or more persons	1,385	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	18,090	...	...
Total couple families	15,470	...	...
Married couples	14,005	...	...
With children⁶	9,285	...	...
Without children	4,725	...	...
Common-law couples	1,460	...	...
With children⁶	565	...	...
Without children	895	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,625	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	560	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	61,390	29,915	31,475
Total - Persons in census families	55,110	27,335	27,775
Married spouses or common-law partners	30,935	15,445	15,495
Parents in one-parent families	2,625	560	2,065
Children⁶	21,550	11,330	10,215
In a two-parent family	17,475	9,145	8,325
In a one-parent family	4,070	2,185	1,890
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,285	2,580	3,705
Living alone	3,675	1,455	2,215
Living with other relatives⁷	1,455	510	945
Living with non-relatives only	1,160	615	545
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,505	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,390	...	...
Couple-family households	13,420	...	...
With children⁶	8,700	...	...
Without children	4,725	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,965	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,070	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	685	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	490	...	...
One-person households	3,675	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,830	24,545	26,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,705	23,485	25,220
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	52,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,760	23,510	25,245
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,915	21,970	22,945
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,880	18,710	18,165
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,200	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,965	20,380	22,585
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,100	5,400	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,955	1,545	2,410
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,710	7,570	8,145
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,835	24,525	26,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,495	23,415	25,085
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,700	90,400	54,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,550	23,440	25,115
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,850	65,700	44,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,820	21,945	22,875
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400	88,800	48,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,875	18,720	18,155
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,200	84,200	49,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,730	20,240	22,495
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,690	8,250	10,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,855	1,380	2,475
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,950	5,715	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,525	7,480	8,045
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,420	10,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,835	24,525	26,305
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,520	10,280	8,240
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	89,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	107,400	128,800	80,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,710	6,255	7,455
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	15,900	13,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,640	32,840	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	92.2	81.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	74.6	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.9	7.9	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.5	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.3	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,835	24,540	26,290
Without total income	2,130	1,060	1,070
With total income	48,700	23,485	25,220
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,935	2,115	2,820
$10,000 to $19,999	5,515	2,425	3,095
$20,000 to $29,999	6,715	2,930	3,790
$30,000 to $39,999	5,090	2,150	2,945
$40,000 to $49,999	4,205	1,740	2,465
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	1,570	1,995
$60,000 to $69,999	2,975	1,370	1,605
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	1,270	1,320
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	1,130	1,040
$90,000 to $99,999	1,920	980	940
$100,000 and over	9,020	5,805	3,220
$100,000 to $149,999	5,360	3,175	2,185
$150,000 and over	3,660	2,630	1,030
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,835	24,540	26,290
Without after-tax income	2,075	1,030	1,045
With after-tax income	48,760	23,515	25,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,240	2,240	3,005
$10,000 to $19,999	5,790	2,555	3,240
$20,000 to $29,999	7,515	3,295	4,225
$30,000 to $39,999	5,795	2,455	3,345
$40,000 to $49,999	4,900	2,100	2,800
$50,000 to $59,999	4,085	1,885	2,205
$60,000 to $69,999	3,340	1,695	1,645
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	1,375	1,335
$80,000 to $89,999	2,515	1,300	1,215
$90,000 to $99,999	1,675	1,005	665
$100,000 and over	5,185	3,610	1,575
$100,000 to $124,999	2,310	1,505	805
$125,000 and over	2,875	2,105	770
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,835	24,540	26,290
Without employment income	13,955	5,830	8,125
With employment income	36,875	18,710	18,165
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,580	2,590	2,990
$5,000 to $9,999	3,360	1,500	1,860
$10,000 to $19,999	3,905	1,770	2,135
$20,000 to $29,999	2,620	1,200	1,415
$30,000 to $39,999	2,390	1,090	1,300
$40,000 to $49,999	2,330	1,030	1,300
$50,000 to $59,999	2,265	1,050	1,215
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035	965	1,070
$70,000 to $79,999	1,900	1,005	890
$80,000 to $89,999	1,600	845	750
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	835	840
$100,000 and over	7,210	4,820	2,390
$100,000 to $124,999	2,865	1,665	1,195
$125,000 and over	4,350	3,150	1,195
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,830	24,545	26,290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,445	22,815	24,625
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,600	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,460	22,815	24,645
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,170	21,535	22,635
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,005	18,685	18,320
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,050	19,100	20,945
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,250	745	2,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,525	885	1,640
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,160	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,835	24,525	26,310
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,280	22,740	24,540
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,500	88,200	52,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,300	22,740	24,560
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	65,100	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,035	21,460	22,575
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,600	89,500	50,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,905	18,630	18,275
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,400	81,500	50,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,860	18,965	20,885
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,620	4,412	6,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,605	990	1,615
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,740	8,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,835	24,525	26,305
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,315	10,115	8,200
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	85,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,900	118,800	76,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,910	5,870	7,035
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	21,200	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,240	41,440	31,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.2	95.8	89.0
Employment income (%)	74.6	75.6	72.6
Government transfers (%)	6.8	4.2	11.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,505	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,675	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	17,835	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,505	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,710	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	17,800	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	180,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,505	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	210	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	420	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	400	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	395	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	425	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	520	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	505	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,095	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,120	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,085	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,075	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,715	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,240	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,200	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,505	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	445	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	455	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	445	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	515	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	620	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	595	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,385	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,390	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,965	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,985	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,360	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,620	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,555	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,820	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,900	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,380	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,835	2,075	2,755
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	48,400	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,000	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,550	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	180,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,845	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	170,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,900	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	205,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,370	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,855	2,025	2,825
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,900	75,800	57,150
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,300	57,600	46,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	61,390	29,910	31,480
0 to 17 years	13,155	6,735	6,415
0 to 5 years	3,660	1,860	1,800
18 to 64 years	39,195	19,005	20,195
65 years and over	9,040	4,170	4,865
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,585	2,150	2,435
0 to 17 years	1,195	620	575
0 to 5 years	340	185	160
18 to 64 years	2,580	1,195	1,385
65 years and over	815	345	470
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5	7.2	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.2	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.3	9.7	8.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	6.3	6.9
65 years and over (%)	9.0	8.3	9.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	61,395	29,915	31,475
0 to 17 years	13,155	6,740	6,420
0 to 5 years	3,660	1,860	1,800
18 to 64 years	39,195	19,005	20,190
65 years and over	9,045	4,175	4,870
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,675	1,300	1,380
0 to 17 years	625	310	315
0 to 5 years	165	85	80
18 to 64 years	1,715	820	895
65 years and over	335	160	175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.3	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.6	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.6	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.3	4.4
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.8	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	61,390	29,915	31,480
In bottom half of the distribution	21,745	10,285	11,460
In bottom decile	3,980	1,895	2,080
In second decile	4,045	1,870	2,170
In third decile	4,205	1,980	2,230
In fourth decile	4,605	2,195	2,410
In fifth decile	4,910	2,350	2,565
In top half of the distribution	39,645	19,625	20,020
In sixth decile	5,230	2,505	2,730
In seventh decile	6,125	2,965	3,160
In eighth decile	7,215	3,545	3,670
In ninth decile	8,655	4,305	4,350
In top decile	12,420	6,305	6,115
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	61,395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.394	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.479	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.332	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	61,720	30,020	31,695
English only	54,100	26,810	27,295
French only	25	10	15
English and French	5,410	2,275	3,140
Neither English nor French	2,175	925	1,250
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	61,720	30,020	31,695
English	58,430	28,595	29,830
French	665	295	370
English and French	470	215	255
Neither English nor French	2,150	910	1,240
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	61,720	30,020	31,695
Single responses	59,105	28,795	30,310
Official languages	36,915	18,310	18,605
English	36,275	18,020	18,255
French	635	285	350
Non-official languages	22,190	10,480	11,705
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,190	10,480	11,705
Afro-Asiatic languages	690	340	350
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	680	335	345
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	540	260	275
Aramaic languages	30	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	50	40
Maltese	20	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	55	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	115	50	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	540	200	340
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5
Ilocano	35	15	20
Indonesian	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	165	290
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	310	150	160
Kannada	15	10	10
Malayalam	55	30	25
Tamil	220	100	115
Telugu	25	10	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	10	10	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,960	5,215	5,740
Albanian	40	15	20
Armenian	140	65	75
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,145	1,390
Baltic languages	45	15	25
Latvian	10	5	10
Lithuanian	30	15	15
Slavic languages	2,500	1,125	1,370
Belarusian	15	5	5
Bulgarian	55	20	30
Czech	20	5	10
Macedonian	100	45	55
Polish	270	115	150
Russian	1,725	780	940
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	65
Bosnian	15	10	5
Croatian	40	15	20
Serbian	80	40	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	135	60	75
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	640	285	355
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	400	175	225
German	385	170	210
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	5	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	95	105
Afrikaans	15	10	5
Dutch	180	80	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	15	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	365	175	190
Indo-Iranian languages	4,440	2,175	2,265
Indo-Aryan languages	650	310	340
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	20	25
Gujarati	130	65	65
Hindi	140	70	70
Kacchi	20	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	15	25
Urdu	170	75	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	3,795	1,870	1,920
Baluchi	10	0	5
Kurdish	60	30	35
Parsi	5	0	0
Pashto	45	20	25
Persian languages	3,675	1,815	1,860
Dari	185	100	90
Iranian Persian	3,105	1,525	1,580
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	380	195	190
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,790	1,350	1,440
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,180	600	580
Portuguese	340	155	190
Romanian	435	210	225
Spanish	830	390	445
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	90	30	65
Korean	580	265	315
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,260	3,925	4,335
Chinese languages	8,245	3,920	4,330
Hakka	20	10	10
Mandarin	4,985	2,355	2,625
Min Dong	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	35	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	25	25
Yue (Cantonese)	3,070	1,465	1,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5
Burmese	5	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25
Lao	25	15	15
Thai	10	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	180	100	80
Azerbaijani	65	35	30
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	110	60	50
Uyghur	5	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	330	150	180
Estonian	30	10	25
Finnish	40	10	30
Hungarian	255	125	130
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Multiple responses	2,615	1,225	1,385
English and French	250	110	140
English and non-official language(s)	2,045	970	1,075
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40
Multiple non-official languages	200	90	110
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	61,720	30,020	31,695
English	38,515	19,095	19,420
French	165	80	90
Non-official language	6,960	3,270	3,695
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,960	3,270	3,695
English and French	635	290	350
English and non-official language(s)	14,260	6,780	7,480
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	250	355
Multiple non-official languages	555	255	300
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	61,720	30,020	31,695
Single responses	58,670	28,575	30,095
Official languages	45,280	22,200	23,080
English	45,040	22,090	22,950
French	240	115	130
Non-official languages	13,385	6,370	7,010
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,385	6,370	7,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	140	145
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	275	135	145
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	205	100	105
Aramaic languages	15	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	55	25	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	45	20	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	240	100	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	80	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	175	80	90
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	15
Tamil	135	65	75
Telugu	0	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,610	2,680	2,935
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	65	35	35
Balto-Slavic languages	1,480	685	795
Baltic languages	15	10	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5
Slavic languages	1,465	675	790
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	15	15
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	30	15	20
Polish	75	35	40
Russian	1,225	565	660
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	5	5	5
Serbian	35	20	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	50	20	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	20	15
German	35	20	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	100	50	50
Indo-Iranian languages	3,030	1,470	1,560
Indo-Aryan languages	290	135	160
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15
Gujarati	75	35	40
Hindi	40	25	20
Kacchi	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10
Urdu	100	45	60
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Iranian languages	2,740	1,335	1,400
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	10	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	2,685	1,320	1,370
Dari	120	65	55
Iranian Persian	2,270	1,105	1,170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	300	155	145
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	870	405	465
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	155	70	85
Portuguese	115	55	60
Romanian	185	85	95
Spanish	420	195	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	50	20	30
Korean	390	180	215
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,305	3,020	3,280
Chinese languages	6,300	3,020	3,285
Hakka	5	0	5
Mandarin	3,985	1,915	2,075
Min Dong	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	25
Yue (Cantonese)	2,190	1,045	1,145
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	15	10	10
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	115	60	60
Azerbaijani	45	25	25
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	35
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	50	60
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	95	45	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	3,050	1,445	1,605
English and French	95	35	60
English and non-official language(s)	2,820	1,355	1,465
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	61,720	30,020	31,695
None	48,175	23,650	24,525
English	5,240	2,530	2,710
French	615	280	340
Non-official language	6,125	2,840	3,290
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,125	2,835	3,290
English and French	95	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	665	330	330
French and non-official language(s)	310	120	190
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	475	220	255
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	61,395	29,915	31,480
Official languages	59,105	28,915	30,190
English	59,085	28,905	30,175
French	5,350	2,180	3,165
Non-official languages	27,770	13,215	14,555
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,770	13,215	14,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,410	705	705
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,410	705	705
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	885	430	455
Aramaic languages	30	0	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	505	270	230
Maltese	35	15	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	90	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	15
Vietnamese	145	75	70
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	755	245	510
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	0	15
Indonesian	35	20	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	705	220	485
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	10	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	400	200	200
Kannada	45	20	25
Malayalam	80	45	40
Tamil	265	130	135
Telugu	50	20	20
Tulu	15	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	30	20	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,500	6,970	7,525
Albanian	70	35	40
Armenian	240	125	115
Balto-Slavic languages	3,200	1,520	1,680
Baltic languages	80	35	50
Latvian	25	10	15
Lithuanian	55	25	30
Slavic languages	3,160	1,500	1,655
Belarusian	15	10	0
Bulgarian	40	20	20
Czech	45	20	25
Macedonian	180	70	110
Polish	365	165	200
Russian	2,270	1,115	1,160
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	230	125	100
Bosnian	15	10	10
Croatian	105	55	45
Serbian	165	85	80
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	50	0	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	25	25
Ukrainian	385	195	190
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	20	0
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	10	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,095	450	645
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	735	315	415
German	720	305	410
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	20	10	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	310	125	185
Afrikaans	65	40	25
Dutch	250	90	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	85	25	60
Danish	30	0	25
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	55	20	30
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	665	290	375
Indo-Iranian languages	5,550	2,750	2,795
Indo-Aryan languages	1,325	690	630
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	85	40	45
Gujarati	280	135	150
Hindi	595	325	275
Kacchi	65	35	30
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	20	10	10
Marathi	15	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	130	115
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20
Urdu	425	225	195
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20
Iranian languages	4,285	2,100	2,190
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	85	45	40
Parsi	20	10	10
Pashto	140	75	60
Persian languages	4,245	2,085	2,160
Dari	245	140	110
Iranian Persian	3,685	1,790	1,895
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345	180	155
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,175	2,060	2,125
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,925	965	960
Portuguese	355	175	175
Romanian	600	300	300
Spanish	1,485	695	790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	185	95	90
Korean	735	370	370
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	145	75	70
Akan (Twi)	15	0	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	70	40	30
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	15	25
American Sign Language	35	15	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,745	4,585	5,160
Chinese languages	9,745	4,585	5,160
Hakka	40	20	20
Mandarin	7,035	3,305	3,735
Min Dong	15	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	125	55	65
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	60	55
Yue (Cantonese)	4,320	1,980	2,340
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	45
Lao	60	35	25
Thai	30	15	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	370	185	190
Azerbaijani	95	35	55
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	295	155	140
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Uralic languages	420	230	190
Estonian	55	25	30
Finnish	80	35	45
Hungarian	295	175	125
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,395	29,910	31,480
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	445	245	195
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	400	225	175
First Nations (North American Indian)	200	130	75
Métis	195	95	100
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	60,955	29,665	31,285
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	61,395	29,910	31,480
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	50	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	61,275	29,860	31,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,510	...	...
Owner	17,475	...	...
Renter	4,035	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,510	...	...
Condominium	2,640	...	...
Not condominium	18,865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,510	...	...
No bedrooms	50	...	...
1 bedroom	1,450	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,230	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,415	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,370	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,510	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,450	...	...
5 rooms	2,750	...	...
6 rooms	3,145	...	...
7 rooms	3,150	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,020	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,510	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,170	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,510	...	...
Suitable	20,750	...	...
Not suitable	755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,510	...	...
1960 or before	1,790	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,995	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,095	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,935	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,390	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,960	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,590	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,765	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,510	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,865	...	...
Major repairs needed	640	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,510	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,925	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,415	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,165	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,510	...	...
15 to 24 years	105	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,990	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,110	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,225	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,995	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,605	...	...
85 years and over	575	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,440	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,145	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,510	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,925	...	...
Not suitable only	570	...	...
Major repairs needed only	395	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,220	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,580	...	...
In core need	2,350	...	...
Not in core need	18,230	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,475	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,284	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,215,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,030	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	27.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	61,390	29,915	31,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	70	30	40
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	70	30	40
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	25	25
Métis single ancestry	10	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	570	295	275
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	540	285	260
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	165	160
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	115	105
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	60,760	29,590	31,165
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	61,390	29,915	31,475
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	55,420	27,245	28,175
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,530	6,445	6,085
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	42,890	20,800	22,090
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,975	2,670	3,305
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	61,390	29,915	31,475
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	37,775	18,720	19,060
Immigrants⁸¹	22,570	10,735	11,835
Before 1980	3,620	1,725	1,900
1980 to 1990	2,325	1,215	1,110
1991 to 2000	4,840	2,385	2,455
2001 to 2010	6,040	2,785	3,255
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,750	2,625	3,120
2011 to 2015	3,170	1,490	1,680
2016 to 2021	2,570	1,130	1,440
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,045	455	585
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,565	10,735	11,835
Under 5 years	1,895	1,000	895
5 to 14 years	3,980	2,030	1,945
15 to 24 years	4,095	1,900	2,195
25 to 44 years	10,325	4,755	5,570
45 years and over	2,275	1,050	1,220
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,565	10,735	11,835
Americas	1,875	820	1,060
Brazil	60	30	25
Colombia	255	110	145
El Salvador	30	30	0
Guyana	180	55	125
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	295	130	165
Mexico	95	20	70
Peru	75	40	40
Trinidad and Tobago	160	75	80
United States of America	440	195	250
Other places of birth in Americas	285	130	150
Europe	5,775	2,765	3,015
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15
Croatia	50	30	15
France	45	15	30
Germany	255	120	135
Greece	230	95	135
Hungary	140	80	55
Italy	530	310	225
Netherlands	185	85	105
Poland	230	100	125
Portugal	125	50	80
Romania	465	235	235
Russian Federation	645	295	355
Serbia⁸⁶	80	45	40
Ukraine	530	220	310
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	685	740
Other places of birth in Europe	815	390	425
Africa	765	380	385
Algeria	15	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	275	140	130
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	40	25	15
Nigeria	30	15	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	135	60	80
Other places of birth in Africa	265	130	140
Asia	14,085	6,740	7,345
Afghanistan	165	80	80
Iran⁸⁸	3,120	1,510	1,605
Iraq	100	40	65
Lebanon	130	65	60
Syria⁸⁹	105	70	40
Turkey	105	60	45
China⁹⁰	5,200	2,430	2,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,325	675	650
Korea, South⁹²	540	270	265
Taiwan	160	85	75
Philippines	660	220	445
Viet Nam	280	135	150
Bangladesh	45	15	25
India	630	320	315
Pakistan	270	160	110
Sri Lanka	190	80	105
Other places of birth in Asia	1,055	530	530
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	35	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,575	1,135	1,440
Americas	165	80	80
Brazil	30	20	10
Colombia	15	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	20	0	20
United States of America	70	30	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	185	75	110
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Ukraine	35	0	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	40	30
Other places of birth in Europe	50	15	30
Africa	80	25	50
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	20	10	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	2,135	950	1,185
Afghanistan	25	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	985	425	555
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	40	30
India	170	95	80
Iran⁸⁸	475	205	275
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	25	15	10
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	10	15
Philippines	115	30	85
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10
Syria⁸⁹	70	45	30
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	61,395	29,915	31,480
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,325	11,525	12,795
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,355	8,505	8,845
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,710	9,880	9,830
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	18,950	9,015	9,935
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,680	5,840	5,845
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,685	3,050	1,640
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,990	2,790	4,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,785	1,865	2,920
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,210	1,165	1,050
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	275	150	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	18,950	9,015	9,935
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,190	650	545
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,150	500	655
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	510	275	230
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,385	690	695
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	20	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,650	6,875	7,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	61,395	29,915	31,480
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	23,895	11,425	12,465
South Asian	2,485	1,235	1,250
Chinese	10,865	5,150	5,715
Black	1,195	555	640
Filipino	955	385	575
Arab	675	365	305
Latin American	860	385	470
Southeast Asian	335	175	160
West Asian	4,345	2,135	2,210
Korean	800	395	405
Japanese	150	55	95
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	325	150	175
Multiple visible minorities	910	440	470
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	37,500	18,485	19,015
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	61,395	29,915	31,475
Canadian	5,485	2,735	2,750
English	9,825	4,855	4,970
Irish	7,925	3,880	4,045
Scottish	7,555	3,655	3,900
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,620	1,315	1,305
German	3,270	1,560	1,710
Chinese	10,230	4,910	5,315
Italian	6,315	3,310	3,005
Indian (India)	1,530	765	765
Ukrainian	1,780	865	920
Dutch	1,435	720	720
Polish	1,855	885	970
Québécois	25	20	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,310	1,195	1,115
Filipino	1,025	385	640
French Canadian	570	290	285
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	920	445	470
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	185	115	70
Métis	250	130	120
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	760	360	400
Russian	1,930	940	990
Norwegian	195	115	80
Welsh	850	400	450
Portuguese	775	385	385
American	605	255	345
Spanish	680	330	355
Swedish	245	125	125
Hungarian	650	345	310
Acadian	140	80	55
Pakistani	330	205	130
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400	175	225
Jewish	1,265	680	585
Punjabi	65	30	35
Vietnamese	290	165	120
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	405	210	195
Greek	1,375	625	750
Jamaican	510	280	225
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	730	365	360
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	20
Korean	870	440	435
Romanian	690	355	340
Lebanese	255	120	130
Iranian	3,220	1,515	1,700
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	200	180
Danish	175	90	80
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	20	25
Sikh	30	20	10
Austrian	460	225	235
Belgian	90	45	45
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	230	125	105
Mexican	170	50	115
Mennonite	10	10	0
Swiss	285	125	155
Finnish	370	185	190
Sri Lankan	255	120	140
Croatian	170	95	80
Japanese	220	95	130
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	215	110	105
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	15	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	105	95
Muslim	155	75	75
Egyptian	365	180	185
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	115	40	70
Tamil	160	80	85
Icelandic	35	0	25
Colombian	325	145	185
Moroccan	65	40	25
Czech	175	100	75
Syrian	135	80	55
Guyanese	265	85	185
Afghan	295	160	145
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	70	90
Serbian	215	110	110
Ojibway	65	30	35
Newfoundlander	65	40	25
Hong Konger	720	310	410
Ontarian	225	100	125
Persian	1,160	590	570
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	195	95	100
Turkish	185	95	95
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	10	10
Bangladeshi	65	30	35
Algerian	10	10	0
Brazilian	100	70	25
Nigerian	70	35	30
Armenian	395	230	170
Slovak	115	45	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	100	115
Somali	10	0	10
Taiwanese	145	85	60
Iraqi	45	10	35
Salvadorean	30	15	15
African Caribbean	25	20	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	200	75	130
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	265	155	110
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	195	55	140
Algonquin	40	15	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	140	45	100
Lithuanian	115	50	65
South African	160	55	100
Australian	90	40	55
Palestinian	100	55	45
Chilean	50	25	30
Congolese	25	10	15
Nova Scotian	35	20	15
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	60	45
Peruvian	95	60	35
Yoruba	15	10	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	35	40
Berber	15	10	0
Albanian	95	45	50
Maltese	160	75	85
Macedonian	335	165	165
Slovenian	150	85	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	15
New Brunswicker	35	20	15
Gujarati	55	25	30
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	200	95	100
Mohawk	15	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	15
Bulgarian	75	35	45
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	30	10	25
Barbadian	40	20	25
African American	20	10	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	25	35
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	60	40
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	35	10	30
Venezuelan	50	20	30
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	65	20	40
Bengali	30	15	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	30	15	15
Laotian	100	60	40
Ilocano	50	25	25
Northern Irish	90	45	45
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	20	30
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	65	25	45
Franco Ontarian	30	20	10
Argentinian	60	40	15
Estonian	205	100	110
Kurdish	95	50	45
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	25	10
Coptic	170	85	85
Thai	15	10	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	45	20	25
Igbo	40	10	25
Byelorussian	130	60	75
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	50	30	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	25	10	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	25
Malaysian	55	35	25
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	30	10	20
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	80	35	50
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	15	10	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	15	15	0
Jordanian	35	10	30
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	40	15	20
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	15	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	10
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	75	25	50
Sicilian	60	20	40
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	20	10	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	20	0	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	15	10	10
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	30	25	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	30	20	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	30	10	20
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	20	0	10
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	61,395	29,910	31,480
Buddhist	815	350	465
Christian	31,150	14,350	16,805
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,455	2,025	2,435
Anabaptist	20	10	15
Anglican	2,690	1,110	1,585
Baptist	575	255	320
Catholic	15,020	7,065	7,955
Christian Orthodox	3,200	1,540	1,655
Jehovah's Witness	160	80	80
Latter Day Saints	50	20	30
Lutheran	410	170	240
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	50	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	120	190
Presbyterian	770	405	370
Reformed	125	45	85
United Church	2,335	1,025	1,315
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	885	430	460
Hindu	800	395	400
Jewish	1,460	720	740
Muslim	3,550	1,765	1,790
Sikh	200	110	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	215	260
No religion and secular perspectives	22,930	12,000	10,930
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	60,915	29,690	31,225
Non-movers	54,455	26,460	27,995
Movers	6,460	3,230	3,230
Non-migrants	2,090	990	1,095
Migrants	4,375	2,235	2,135
Internal migrants	3,870	1,995	1,880
Intraprovincial migrants	3,715	1,905	1,805
Interprovincial migrants	160	90	70
External migrants	500	240	260
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	58,450	28,450	30,000
Non-movers	35,520	17,325	18,195
Movers	22,930	11,125	11,810
Non-migrants	4,235	1,950	2,280
Migrants	18,695	9,170	9,520
Internal migrants	16,015	7,945	8,070
Intraprovincial migrants	15,220	7,510	7,710
Interprovincial migrants	800	435	365
External migrants	2,680	1,230	1,450
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,835	24,525	26,305
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,990	3,045	2,945
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,840	21,480	23,365
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,880	16,275	17,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,790	1,050	740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,090	15,225	16,870
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,830	24,530	26,310
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,505	2,775	2,730
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,260	6,150	6,105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,070	15,600	17,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,360	5,895	6,455
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,785	1,240	535
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	880	520	360
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	900	720	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,170	4,075	5,090
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	580	825
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,715	9,705	11,010
Bachelor's degree	14,155	6,425	7,730
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,325	570	755
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	475	210	265
Master's degree	4,215	2,175	2,045
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	545	330	215
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,880	16,275	17,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,505	885	615
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,175	3,275	2,900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,200	12,110	14,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,160	4,285	4,875
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,205	855	350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	340	215
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	655	520	140
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,890	2,995	3,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	430	630
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,045	7,820	9,220
Bachelor's degree	11,505	5,130	6,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	475	660
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	150	230
Master's degree	3,640	1,840	1,805
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	235	145
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,830	24,525	26,310
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,765	8,925	8,840
Education	1,850	410	1,445
13. Education	1,850	410	1,445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	525	905
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	95	40
50. Visual and performing arts	1,290	430	865
Humanities	1,995	690	1,305
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	35	240
23. English language and literature/letters	470	130	340
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	200	325
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	15	30
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	60	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	65
54. History	295	155	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	10	95
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,805	1,610	3,195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	465	150	310
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	585	50	535
22. Legal professions and studies	675	200	470
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	15	80
42. Psychology	785	170	620
45. Social sciences	2,140	1,015	1,120
Business, management and public administration	8,115	3,740	4,375
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	320	60	265
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,790	3,685	4,110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,620	770	850
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	705	270	435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	155	185
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20
40. Physical sciences	500	315	185
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,985	1,310	685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,470	1,035	435
25. Library science	30	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	400	220	180
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	45	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,880	4,880	1,000
04. Architecture and related services	335	210	125
14. Engineering	2,900	2,180	710
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,065	945	120
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	690	685	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	600	580	20
48. Precision production	295	285	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	585	265	325
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	165	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	100	95
Health and related fields	3,620	810	2,810
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	570	305	270
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,965	465	2,500
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	35	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,175	600	575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	675	215	465
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	350	255	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	120	20
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,885	16,275	17,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,680	4,165	3,515
Education	1,400	300	1,095
13. Education	1,400	300	1,095
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,180	430	755
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	70	40
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	360	720
Humanities	1,550	530	1,015
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	25	195
23. English language and literature/letters	350	100	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	180	265
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	60	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	40
54. History	210	110	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	0	80
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,770	1,215	2,555
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	105	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	470	30	440
22. Legal professions and studies	565	150	420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50
42. Psychology	555	120	430
45. Social sciences	1,720	800	925
Business, management and public administration	6,685	2,935	3,750
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	270	40	225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,420	2,895	3,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,190	530	660
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	205	335
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	95	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	20
40. Physical sciences	360	215	135
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,160	580
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,330	940	385
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	185	140
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	30	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,560	3,705	855
04. Architecture and related services	245	155	90
14. Engineering	2,400	1,775	625
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	815	710	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	465	460	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	425	415	15
48. Precision production	205	195	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	210	255
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	145	175
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	65	80
Health and related fields	2,695	600	2,095
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	220	205
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,210	360	1,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	15	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	950	475	475
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	515	155	365
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	305	215	95
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	110	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	33,885	16,275	17,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,680	4,165	3,515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,205	12,105	14,090
Location of study inside Canada	18,655	8,615	10,035
Same as province or territory of residence	17,270	7,985	9,290
Different than province or territory of residence	1,380	630	750
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,550	3,495	4,055
Americas	1,040	525	515
United States of America	700	370	335
Mexico	45	15	35
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	10	15
Brazil	35	15	15
Colombia	130	65	65
Peru	30	15	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30
Europe	1,795	855	940
Belgium	20	0	15
France	65	35	30
Germany	35	25	10
Netherlands	20	10	10
Switzerland	10	0	0
Hungary	20	0	15
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	10
Poland	80	45	40
Romania	215	100	120
Russian Federation	300	140	155
Ukraine	270	110	160
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	260	250
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Italy	25	20	10
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	15
Other locations of study in Europe	155	65	95
Africa	200	100	105
Nigeria	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	110	55	55
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	25
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	4,435	1,985	2,450
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	605	685
Iraq	25	20	15
Israel	130	70	60
Lebanon	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	0
Turkey	35	15	15
China⁹⁰	1,590	730	860
Taiwan	35	10	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	160	75	85
Japan	35	10	30
Korea, South⁹²	200	80	120
Philippines	275	65	215
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10
India	305	140	165
Pakistan	65	30	35
Other locations of study in Asia	215	100	115
Oceania	80	30	55
Australia	75	25	50
New Zealand	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,830	24,530	26,310
In the labour force	34,205	17,725	16,480
Employed	30,170	15,920	14,250
Unemployed	4,035	1,810	2,235
Not in the labour force	16,630	6,800	9,830
Participation rate	67.3	72.3	62.6
Employment rate	59.4	64.9	54.2
Unemployment rate	11.8	10.2	13.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,830	24,525	26,310
Did not work¹⁸⁶	16,815	7,025	9,790
Worked	34,015	17,500	16,520
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,065	10,630	8,435
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	14,950	6,870	8,080
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	42.2	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	34,205	17,730	16,475
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975
Employee	26,745	13,195	13,550
Permanent position	22,475	11,260	11,220
Temporary position	4,270	1,930	2,335
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,395	595	800
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,870	1,335	1,535
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,420	4,005	2,420
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	34,205	17,730	16,475
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500
All occupations¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	845	680	170
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,460	2,450	5,005
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,850	2,935	920
3 Health occupations	1,850	365	1,490
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,845	1,175	2,675
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,235	525	710
6 Sales and service occupations	8,245	4,100	4,145
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,155	3,760	400
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	495	395	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,175	805	370
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	34,205	17,730	16,475
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,035	535	500
All industries¹⁹¹	33,170	17,195	15,975
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	120	65	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	45	0
22 Utilities	200	165	40
23 Construction	2,605	2,160	450
31-33 Manufacturing	2,720	1,780	935
41 Wholesale trade	1,665	1,035	630
44-45 Retail trade	3,775	1,870	1,905
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	955	715	240
51 Information and cultural industries	810	505	305
52 Finance and insurance	2,770	1,350	1,420
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,115	530	580
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,205	2,405	1,800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	215	110	105
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,400	795	605
61 Educational services	2,865	755	2,110
62 Health care and social assistance	2,835	570	2,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	695	390	305
72 Accommodation and food services	1,460	735	730
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,120	470	650
91 Public administration	1,575	740	825
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,460	18,635	17,820
English	33,105	17,130	15,975
French	95	15	75
Non-official language	630	285	345
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	630	285	345
English and French	515	155	360
English and non-official language(s)	2,020	1,020	995
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,460	18,635	17,820
Single responses	35,965	18,385	17,585
Official languages	34,840	17,870	16,970
English	34,655	17,840	16,820
French	180	30	150
Non-official languages	1,125	510	615
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125	510	615
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	220	90	130
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	0	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	0	35
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	40	0	35
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	70	85
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	145	65	80
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	140	60	80
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	115	45	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0
Korean	30	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	840	395	450
Chinese languages	840	395	450
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	585	250	330
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	495	255	240
English and French	80	25	55
English and non-official language(s)	400	230	175
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,460	18,635	17,820
None	34,255	17,650	16,600
English	450	190	260
French	365	125	235
Non-official language	1,010	490	525
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	490	525
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	95	40	55
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	260	130	130
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	30,170	15,925	14,245
Worked at home	11,720	5,490	6,230
Worked outside Canada	120	90	30
No fixed workplace address	3,190	2,385	800
Usual place of work	15,145	7,955	7,185
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,145	7,960	7,185
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,710	2,165	2,545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,255	3,215	3,040
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,135	2,560	1,570
Commute to a different province or territory	45	15	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,335	10,340	7,990
Car, truck or van	16,320	9,380	6,940
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,165	8,890	6,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,160	490	670
Public transit	870	430	440
Walked	545	235	310
Bicycle	100	70	30
Other method	500	235	265
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,335	10,340	7,990
Less than 15 minutes	4,615	2,160	2,455
15 to 29 minutes	4,425	2,230	2,195
30 to 44 minutes	4,770	3,010	1,760
45 to 59 minutes	2,430	1,530	900
60 minutes and over	2,090	1,405	685
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,335	10,340	7,990
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,245	970	275
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,855	1,965	890
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,195	2,375	1,820
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,305	2,095	2,205
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,535	1,735	1,800
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,200	1,200	995
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,430	6,875	6,550
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	550	545
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,335	6,325	6,010
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,215	5,235	4,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	905	455	450
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	280	285
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	340	175	165
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,305	4,780	4,525

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table