Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Newmarket, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,942
Population, 2016¹	84,224
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4
Total private dwellings²	31,239
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,301
Population density per square kilometre	2,284.1
Land area in square kilometres	38.50
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,940
0 to 14 years	14,520
0 to 4 years	4,005
5 to 9 years	5,010
10 to 14 years	5,505
15 to 64 years	59,485
15 to 19 years	5,770
20 to 24 years	5,485
25 to 29 years	4,905
30 to 34 years	5,115
35 to 39 years	5,965
40 to 44 years	6,120
45 to 49 years	6,260
50 to 54 years	6,885
55 to 59 years	7,110
60 to 64 years	5,865
65 years and over	13,945
65 to 69 years	4,475
70 to 74 years	3,550
75 to 79 years	2,345
80 to 84 years	1,660
85 years and over	1,905
85 to 89 years	1,145
90 to 94 years	560
95 to 99 years	175
100 years and over	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5
15 to 64 years	67.6
65 years and over	15.9
85 years and over	2.2
Average age of the population	41.0
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,300
Single-detached house	18,115
Semi-detached house	2,250
Row house	3,880
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,995
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,360
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,510
Other single-attached house	180
Movable dwelling⁴	10
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,300
1 person	5,530
2 persons	8,790
3 persons	5,955
4 persons	6,440
5 or more persons	3,580
Number of persons in private households	86,610
Average household size	2.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,425
Married or living common-law	42,625
Married	37,635
Living common-law	4,985
Living common law - Never married	3,370
Living common law - Separated	285
Living common law - Divorced	1,210
Living common law - Widowed	125
Not married and not living common-law	30,795
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,775
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,960
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,450
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,620
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,155
2 persons	10,325
3 persons	6,295
4 persons	6,465
5 or more persons	2,070
Average size of census families	3.0
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,155
Total couple families	20,825
Married couples	18,335
With children⁶	12,005
Without children	6,325
Common-law couples	2,490
With children⁶	1,025
Without children	1,465
Total one-parent families	4,330
in which the parent is a woman+	3,450
in which the parent is a man+	875
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	86,610
Total - Persons in census families	76,270
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,650
Parents in one-parent families	4,325
Children⁶	30,290
In a two-parent family	23,580
In a one-parent family	6,710
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,345
Living alone	5,535
Living with other relatives⁷	2,340
Living with non-relatives only	2,470
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,300
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,570
Couple-family households	17,435
With children⁶	11,125
Without children	6,310
One-parent-family households	3,135
Multigenerational households⁸	1,680
Multiple-census-family households⁹	355
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,275
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	890
One-person households	5,535
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,265
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,280
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,705
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,430
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,075
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,245
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,315
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,700
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,850
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,430
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,245
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,420
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,135
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,105
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,790
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,075
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,105
Without total income	2,840
With total income	69,260
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,325
$10,000 to $19,999	8,380
$20,000 to $29,999	10,330
$30,000 to $39,999	8,120
$40,000 to $49,999	6,815
$50,000 to $59,999	5,740
$60,000 to $69,999	4,510
$70,000 to $79,999	3,690
$80,000 to $89,999	2,960
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690
$100,000 and over	9,690
$100,000 to $149,999	6,485
$150,000 and over	3,205
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,105
Without after-tax income	2,820
With after-tax income	69,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,625
$10,000 to $19,999	8,780
$20,000 to $29,999	11,590
$30,000 to $39,999	9,390
$40,000 to $49,999	8,085
$50,000 to $59,999	6,125
$60,000 to $69,999	4,735
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055
$100,000 and over	4,855
$100,000 to $124,999	2,455
$125,000 and over	2,395
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,105
Without employment income	19,675
With employment income	52,430
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,845
$5,000 to $9,999	4,855
$10,000 to $19,999	5,675
$20,000 to $29,999	4,095
$30,000 to $39,999	4,005
$40,000 to $49,999	4,165
$50,000 to $59,999	3,545
$60,000 to $69,999	3,120
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305
$100,000 and over	7,995
$100,000 to $124,999	3,745
$125,000 and over	4,255
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,105
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,750
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,060
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,845
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,770
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,040
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,100
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,860
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,050
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,875
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,115
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,750
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,785
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,105
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,605
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,925
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2
Employment income (%)	78.8
Government transfers (%)	9.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,300
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,535
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,770
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,300
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,515
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,440
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,785
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,300
Under $5,000	210
$5,000 to $9,999	110
$10,000 to $14,999	235
$15,000 to $19,999	375
$20,000 to $24,999	750
$25,000 to $29,999	725
$30,000 to $34,999	650
$35,000 to $39,999	675
$40,000 to $44,999	745
$45,000 to $49,999	775
$50,000 to $59,999	1,625
$60,000 to $69,999	1,735
$70,000 to $79,999	1,740
$80,000 to $89,999	1,670
$90,000 to $99,999	1,585
$100,000 and over	16,695
$100,000 to $124,999	3,835
$125,000 to $149,999	3,225
$150,000 to $199,999	4,535
$200,000 and over	5,095
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,300
Under $5,000	245
$5,000 to $9,999	115
$10,000 to $14,999	260
$15,000 to $19,999	390
$20,000 to $24,999	800
$25,000 to $29,999	815
$30,000 to $34,999	735
$35,000 to $39,999	790
$40,000 to $44,999	915
$45,000 to $49,999	940
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115
$70,000 to $79,999	2,100
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960
$100,000 and over	14,155
$100,000 to $124,999	4,320
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415
$150,000 and over	6,425
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,250
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of economic families	3.2
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,585
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,105
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,860
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,000
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,200
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,700
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,560
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,185
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,780
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,005
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	86,615
0 to 17 years	18,005
0 to 5 years	4,955
18 to 64 years	55,695
65 years and over	12,915
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,450
0 to 17 years	1,505
0 to 5 years	425
18 to 64 years	3,575
65 years and over	1,365
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4
65 years and over (%)	10.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,615
0 to 17 years	18,005
0 to 5 years	4,955
18 to 64 years	55,690
65 years and over	12,920
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,790
0 to 17 years	755
0 to 5 years	195
18 to 64 years	2,575
65 years and over	460
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6
65 years and over (%)	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	86,610
In bottom half of the distribution	33,630
In bottom decile	5,775
In second decile	6,425
In third decile	6,675
In fourth decile	6,965
In fifth decile	7,785
In top half of the distribution	52,980
In sixth decile	8,535
In seventh decile	9,330
In eighth decile	10,535
In ninth decile	11,930
In top decile	12,650
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	86,615
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.425
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,110
English only	78,145
French only	40
English and French	6,465
Neither English nor French	2,460
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,110
English	83,195
French	880
English and French	620
Neither English nor French	2,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,110
Single responses	83,550
Official languages	56,825
English	55,965
French	860
Non-official languages	26,725
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,720
Afro-Asiatic languages	945
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	930
Amharic	15
Arabic	740
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10
Harari	0
Hebrew	110
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	805
Khmer (Cambodian)	400
Vietnamese	405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,235
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	80
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	965
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	420
Kannada	5
Malayalam	115
Tamil	270
Telugu	25
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,945
Albanian	35
Armenian	130
Balto-Slavic languages	3,555
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	3,505
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	65
Czech	30
Macedonian	125
Polish	415
Russian	2,345
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	195
Bosnian	5
Croatian	80
Serbian	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	40
Ukrainian	260
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	5
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	755
Frisian	5
High German languages	485
German	465
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	165
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	60
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	425
Indo-Iranian languages	6,425
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305
Assamese	0
Bengali	75
Gujarati	185
Hindi	220
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	25
Nepali	15
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55
Urdu	525
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	5,120
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	65
Parsi	5
Pashto	35
Persian languages	4,990
Dari	415
Iranian Persian	4,170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	405
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,615
Catalan	0
Italian	1,245
Portuguese	530
Romanian	600
Spanish	1,230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	95
Korean	650
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	135
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,515
Chinese languages	6,510
Hakka	30
Mandarin	4,095
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100
Wu (Shanghainese)	35
Yue (Cantonese)	2,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	305
Lao	260
Thai	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	245
Azerbaijani	75
Kazakh	0
Turkish	135
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	340
Estonian	25
Finnish	65
Hungarian	255
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Multiple responses	3,565
English and French	335
English and non-official language(s)	2,760
French and non-official language(s)	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	335
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,110
English	58,965
French	160
Non-official language	8,100
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	8,100
English and French	925
English and non-official language(s)	17,650
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	645
Multiple non-official languages	640
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,110
Single responses	82,995
Official languages	66,925
English	66,655
French	275
Non-official languages	16,065
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,065
Afro-Asiatic languages	395
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	390
Amharic	0
Arabic	325
Aramaic languages	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	40
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	550
Khmer (Cambodian)	275
Vietnamese	280
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	625
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	45
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	10
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	250
Kannada	0
Malayalam	80
Tamil	160
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,300
Albanian	10
Armenian	65
Balto-Slavic languages	2,060
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	2,040
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	30
Czech	10
Macedonian	35
Polish	165
Russian	1,640
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	50
Bosnian	0
Croatian	20
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	110
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	70
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	140
Indo-Iranian languages	4,505
Indo-Aryan languages	735
Assamese	0
Bengali	40
Gujarati	95
Hindi	110
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	15
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30
Urdu	325
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	3,775
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	35
Parsi	5
Pashto	30
Persian languages	3,690
Dari	255
Iranian Persian	3,090
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,445
Catalan	0
Italian	215
Portuguese	195
Romanian	360
Spanish	675
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	470
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	35
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,895
Chinese languages	4,895
Hakka	10
Mandarin	3,270
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	30
Yue (Cantonese)	1,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	190
Lao	175
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	135
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	0
Turkish	70
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,115
English and French	195
English and non-official language(s)	3,765
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	60
Multiple non-official languages	95
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,110
None	70,605
English	6,465
French	845
Non-official language	7,185
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	7,185
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	935
French and non-official language(s)	270
English, French and non-official language(s)	20
Multiple non-official languages	695
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,610
Official languages	84,155
English	84,125
French	6,720
Non-official languages	33,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	15
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,625
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,830
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	35
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,820
Amharic	25
Arabic	1,250
Aramaic languages	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30
Harari	0
Hebrew	510
Maltese	25
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,050
Khmer (Cambodian)	480
Vietnamese	580
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,675
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65
Cebuano	95
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	155
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	30
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,565
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	90
Creole languages	90
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	10
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15
Dravidian languages	605
Kannada	25
Malayalam	175
Tamil	375
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	19,445
Albanian	75
Armenian	200
Balto-Slavic languages	4,430
Baltic languages	95
Latvian	30
Lithuanian	65
Slavic languages	4,370
Belarusian	35
Bulgarian	50
Czech	45
Macedonian	230
Polish	505
Russian	3,115
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	330
Bosnian	20
Croatian	210
Serbian	140
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	440
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,170
Frisian	0
High German languages	770
German	755
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305
Afrikaans	105
Dutch	200
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	120
Danish	75
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	640
Indo-Iranian languages	7,775
Indo-Aryan languages	2,105
Assamese	0
Bengali	75
Gujarati	345
Hindi	730
Kacchi	35
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135
Urdu	1,040
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	5,775
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	125
Parsi	25
Pashto	120
Persian languages	5,630
Dari	495
Iranian Persian	4,695
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	515
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,695
Catalan	0
Italian	2,280
Portuguese	745
Romanian	740
Spanish	2,185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	155
Korean	880
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	260
Akan (Twi)	35
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	15
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	90
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	60
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	95
American Sign Language	80
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,865
Chinese languages	7,865
Hakka	50
Mandarin	5,830
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	190
Wu (Shanghainese)	100
Yue (Cantonese)	3,230
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	515
Lao	500
Thai	75
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	650
Azerbaijani	200
Kazakh	0
Turkish	420
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30
Uralic languages	380
Estonian	30
Finnish	75
Hungarian	280
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,015
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	945
First Nations (North American Indian)	530
Métis	395
Inuk (Inuit)	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40
Non-Indigenous identity	85,600
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	305
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,305
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,300
Owner	22,955
Renter	7,345
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,300
Condominium	2,440
Not condominium	27,860
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,300
No bedrooms	120
1 bedroom	2,290
2 bedrooms	3,475
3 bedrooms	10,795
4 or more bedrooms	13,615
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,300
1 to 4 rooms	5,265
5 rooms	4,095
6 rooms	4,540
7 rooms	4,655
8 or more rooms	11,755
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,300
One person or fewer per room	29,820
More than one person per room	480
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,300
Suitable	28,920
Not suitable	1,380
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,300
1960 or before	3,150
1961 to 1980	5,970
1981 to 1990	5,510
1991 to 2000	6,440
2001 to 2005	3,105
2006 to 2010	2,485
2011 to 2015	1,855
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,790
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,300
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,095
Major repairs needed	1,205
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,300
One-maintainer household	12,475
Two-maintainer household	15,720
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,110
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,300
15 to 24 years	150
25 to 34 years	2,765
35 to 44 years	5,610
45 to 54 years	7,110
55 to 64 years	7,165
65 to 74 years	4,415
75 to 84 years	2,265
85 years and over	815
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,200
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,200
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,000
30% to less than 100%	7,170
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,300
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,760
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,240
Not suitable only	1,005
Major repairs needed only	700
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	305
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	20,545
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,370
In core need	3,655
Not in core need	25,720
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,955
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.4
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,020
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,082
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,003,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,345
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.5
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,614
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,615
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	260
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	260
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	180
Métis single ancestry	75
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,280
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,265
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	895
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,075
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	79,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,060
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,955
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,600
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,430
Immigrants⁸¹	28,945
Before 1980	4,955
1980 to 1990	3,110
1991 to 2000	5,420
2001 to 2010	8,000
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,465
2011 to 2015	4,150
2016 to 2021	3,310
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,240
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,945
Under 5 years	2,660
5 to 14 years	5,030
15 to 24 years	5,420
25 to 44 years	12,970
45 years and over	2,870
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,945
Americas	3,030
Brazil	190
Colombia	205
El Salvador	120
Guyana	295
Haiti	15
Jamaica	570
Mexico	105
Peru	85
Trinidad and Tobago	295
United States of America	510
Other places of birth in Americas	635
Europe	7,615
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30
Croatia	110
France	75
Germany	300
Greece	270
Hungary	145
Italy	840
Netherlands	130
Poland	350
Portugal	230
Romania	560
Russian Federation	850
Serbia⁸⁶	65
Ukraine	670
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,895
Other places of birth in Europe	1,085
Africa	1,035
Algeria	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10
Egypt	265
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	25
Nigeria	75
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	195
Other places of birth in Africa	445
Asia	17,185
Afghanistan	455
Iran⁸⁸	4,135
Iraq	185
Lebanon	245
Syria⁸⁹	75
Turkey	125
China⁹⁰	4,255
Hong Kong⁹¹	790
Korea, South⁹²	600
Taiwan	235
Philippines	1,565
Viet Nam	545
Bangladesh	30
India	805
Pakistan	615
Sri Lanka	340
Other places of birth in Asia	2,195
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,310
Americas	310
Brazil	85
Colombia	40
Haiti	0
Jamaica	60
Mexico	0
United States of America	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	325
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	0
Russian Federation	95
Ukraine	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45
Other places of birth in Europe	80
Africa	95
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	35
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25
Asia	2,585
Afghanistan	80
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	705
Hong Kong⁹¹	30
India	170
Iran⁸⁸	545
Iraq	10
Israel	65
Japan	15
Jordan	15
Korea, South⁹²	95
Lebanon	15
Nepal	0
Pakistan	110
Philippines	380
Saudi Arabia	25
Sri Lanka	20
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	45
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	25
Other places of birth in Asia	210
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,610
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,975
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,480
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,995
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,790
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,550
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,240
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,245
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,695
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,995
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,585
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,855
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	630
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,425
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,425
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,610
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	30,230
South Asian	3,765
Chinese	8,635
Black	2,485
Filipino	2,110
Arab	990
Latin American	1,300
Southeast Asian	2,130
West Asian	5,610
Korean	960
Japanese	250
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	530
Multiple visible minorities	1,465
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,380
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,610
Canadian	9,650
English	16,000
Irish	12,335
Scottish	12,235
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,055
German	5,165
Chinese	8,410
Italian	7,405
Indian (India)	1,880
Ukrainian	2,285
Dutch	2,770
Polish	2,365
Québécois	145
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,830
Filipino	2,100
French Canadian	885
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,180
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	430
Métis	440
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,180
Russian	2,750
Norwegian	490
Welsh	1,240
Portuguese	1,410
American	850
Spanish	1,095
Swedish	330
Hungarian	940
Acadian	115
Pakistani	770
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	575
Jewish	1,475
Punjabi	105
Vietnamese	815
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	425
Greek	1,425
Jamaican	915
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	970
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40
Korean	1,025
Romanian	930
Lebanese	450
Iranian	4,175
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535
Danish	380
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215
Sikh	55
Austrian	545
Belgian	215
Haitian	30
Hindu	235
Mexican	190
Mennonite	20
Swiss	290
Finnish	495
Sri Lankan	330
Croatian	460
Japanese	265
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	270
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	240
Muslim	115
Egyptian	325
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	290
Tamil	240
Icelandic	75
Colombian	265
Moroccan	140
Czech	160
Syrian	170
Guyanese	460
Afghan	745
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	240
Serbian	260
Ojibway	120
Newfoundlander	270
Hong Konger	435
Ontarian	285
Persian	1,465
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	370
Turkish	230
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20
Bangladeshi	25
Algerian	25
Brazilian	265
Nigerian	115
Armenian	300
Slovak	160
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215
Somali	10
Taiwanese	210
Iraqi	180
Salvadorean	215
African Caribbean	155
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	255
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	265
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	215
Algonquin	40
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175
Lithuanian	220
South African	210
Australian	120
Palestinian	130
Chilean	85
Congolese	10
Nova Scotian	20
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115
Peruvian	75
Yoruba	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	620
Berber	0
Albanian	85
Maltese	280
Macedonian	505
Slovenian	195
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100
New Brunswicker	40
Gujarati	45
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	140
Israeli	200
Mohawk	60
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55
Bulgarian	85
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	85
Barbadian	135
African American	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90
Cuban	60
Bosnian	25
Venezuelan	80
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	125
Bengali	30
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	50
Indonesian	10
Laotian	665
Ilocano	25
Northern Irish	130
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	165
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	80
Estonian	125
Kurdish	170
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15
Coptic	215
Thai	70
Dominican	15
Nepali	10
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	50
Igbo	30
Byelorussian	100
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	165
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45
New Zealander	65
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40
Malaysian	65
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	175
Gaspesian	0
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	25
Mauritian	35
Kenyan	90
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	30
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	30
Malayali	50
Chaldean	40
Sinhalese	40
Mayan	40
Honduran	15
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	65
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	80
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	225
Sicilian	80
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	35
Burmese	15
Mongolian	0
Azorean	25
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	40
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	40
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	40
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	25
Prince Edward Islander	20
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	10
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	20
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,615
Buddhist	1,925
Christian	43,835
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,625
Anabaptist	135
Anglican	3,555
Baptist	765
Catholic	20,690
Christian Orthodox	3,645
Jehovah's Witness	265
Latter Day Saints	90
Lutheran	495
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	815
Presbyterian	1,370
Reformed	115
United Church	3,065
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,980
Hindu	1,135
Jewish	1,695
Muslim	5,600
Sikh	160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	665
No religion and secular perspectives	31,585
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,910
Non-movers	76,935
Movers	8,975
Non-migrants	3,320
Migrants	5,660
Internal migrants	5,080
Intraprovincial migrants	4,950
Interprovincial migrants	130
External migrants	575
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,610
Non-movers	51,710
Movers	30,900
Non-migrants	7,560
Migrants	23,340
Internal migrants	20,265
Intraprovincial migrants	19,280
Interprovincial migrants	985
External migrants	3,070
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,100
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,975
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,060
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,920
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,100
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,975
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,975
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,300
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,675
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,985
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,915
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,380
Bachelor's degree	16,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,660
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370
Master's degree	4,535
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,505
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,020
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	880
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,600
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,380
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,250
Bachelor's degree	13,210
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,380
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315
Master's degree	3,960
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,855
Education	2,510
13. Education	2,510
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,820
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190
50. Visual and performing arts	1,635
Humanities	2,510
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325
23. English language and literature/letters	675
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	610
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165
39. Theology and religious vocations	170
54. History	375
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,870
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910
22. Legal professions and studies	800
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175
42. Psychology	1,005
45. Social sciences	2,220
Business, management and public administration	9,980
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	665
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,280
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,860
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	550
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,625
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,975
25. Library science	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	425
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	95
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,240
04. Architecture and related services	515
14. Engineering	3,345
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,220
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,035
48. Precision production	575
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420
03. Natural resources and conservation	280
Health and related fields	5,210
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	710
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,415
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,905
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,060
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	595
49. Transportation and materials moving	255
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,725
Education	1,840
13. Education	1,840
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150
50. Visual and performing arts	1,325
Humanities	2,035
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295
23. English language and literature/letters	545
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	285
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695
22. Legal professions and studies	695
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115
42. Psychology	820
45. Social sciences	1,825
Business, management and public administration	8,030
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,500
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,410
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	385
41. Science technologies/technicians	55
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,245
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,730
25. Library science	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	340
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,565
04. Architecture and related services	395
14. Engineering	2,835
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	940
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	760
48. Precision production	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330
03. Natural resources and conservation	205
Health and related fields	3,875
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	550
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,245
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,430
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	495
49. Transportation and materials moving	155
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,255
Location of study inside Canada	25,345
Same as province or territory of residence	23,800
Different than province or territory of residence	1,545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,915
Americas	1,185
United States of America	685
Mexico	45
Cuba	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	55
Brazil	90
Colombia	135
Peru	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	125
Europe	2,065
Belgium	10
France	40
Germany	45
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	30
Hungary	20
Moldova¹⁸³	100
Poland	95
Romania	265
Russian Federation	380
Ukraine	300
Ireland⁹⁶	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	25
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	260
Africa	310
Nigeria	60
Algeria	0
Morocco	15
Tunisia	0
Egypt	115
South Africa, Republic of	85
Other locations of study in Africa	35
Asia	5,245
Iran⁸⁸	1,685
Iraq	45
Israel	130
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	20
China⁹⁰	1,375
Taiwan	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	65
Japan	60
Korea, South⁹²	175
Philippines	565
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	10
Sri Lanka	20
India	425
Pakistan	170
Other locations of study in Asia	365
Oceania	110
Australia	95
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,100
In the labour force	48,060
Employed	42,140
Unemployed	5,920
Not in the labour force	24,040
Participation rate	66.7
Employment rate	58.4
Unemployment rate	12.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,105
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,215
Worked	47,890
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,415
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,475
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,060
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,940
Employee	39,315
Permanent position	33,275
Temporary position	6,040
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,075
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,960
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,625
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,060
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,940
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	715
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,090
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,950
3 Health occupations	3,035
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,540
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,495
6 Sales and service occupations	11,940
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,120
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	700
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,350
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,060
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125
All industries¹⁹¹	46,940
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	220
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60
22 Utilities	340
23 Construction	4,030
31-33 Manufacturing	4,590
41 Wholesale trade	1,750
44-45 Retail trade	5,580
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085
52 Finance and insurance	2,940
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,255
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,060
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095
61 Educational services	3,705
62 Health care and social assistance	4,890
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	905
72 Accommodation and food services	2,510
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,795
91 Public administration	2,170
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,375
English	47,650
French	100
Non-official language	555
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	555
English and French	685
English and non-official language(s)	2,320
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	45
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,375
Single responses	50,680
Official languages	49,615
English	49,400
French	210
Non-official languages	1,060
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,060
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	15
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	335
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	70
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	70
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	210
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	210
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	190
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	20
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	650
Chinese languages	650
Hakka	0
Mandarin	490
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	700
English and French	105
English and non-official language(s)	590
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,375
None	48,910
English	465
French	470
Non-official language	1,215
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,215
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	120
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	170
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,140
Worked at home	13,675
Worked outside Canada	125
No fixed workplace address	4,805
Usual place of work	23,535
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,535
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,180
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,770
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,525
Commute to a different province or territory	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,345
Car, truck or van	25,500
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,075
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,430
Public transit	1,105
Walked	1,070
Bicycle	105
Other method	565
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,345
Less than 15 minutes	8,520
15 to 29 minutes	6,855
30 to 44 minutes	6,355
45 to 59 minutes	3,385
60 minutes and over	3,225
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,345
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,285
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,940
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,670
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,865
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,185
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,385
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,705
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,680
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,045
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	825
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,675

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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