Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brampton, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	Toronto, City (C)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove	Mississauga, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts	Counts	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	656,480	2,794,356	14,223,942	717,961
Population, 2016¹	593,638	2,731,571	13,448,494	721,599
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.6	2.3	5.8	- 0.5
Total private dwellings²	189,086	1,253,238	5,929,250	254,089
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	182,472	1,160,892	5,491,201	244,575
Population density per square kilometre	2,469.0	4,427.8	15.9	2,452.5
Land area in square kilometres	265.89	631.10	892,411.76	292.74
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	656,480	2,794,355	14,223,945	717,960
0 to 14 years	117,660	384,295	2,251,795	109,320
0 to 4 years	35,770	123,550	683,515	31,595
5 to 9 years	39,580	129,040	764,430	36,740
10 to 14 years	42,305	131,710	803,850	40,980
15 to 64 years	456,990	1,933,075	9,334,440	489,245
15 to 19 years	42,890	134,810	801,455	44,665
20 to 24 years	56,715	185,650	895,600	51,660
25 to 29 years	54,010	243,955	975,400	51,740
30 to 34 years	49,020	246,785	981,210	48,420
35 to 39 years	48,645	213,810	948,030	46,900
40 to 44 years	45,850	185,820	890,160	44,290
45 to 49 years	43,525	175,875	894,580	46,350
50 to 54 years	41,900	184,060	941,270	51,670
55 to 59 years	40,550	191,380	1,040,160	55,175
60 to 64 years	33,890	170,935	966,575	48,360
65 years and over	81,830	476,985	2,637,710	119,400
65 to 69 years	27,185	141,550	813,215	37,880
70 to 74 years	22,655	118,910	691,280	30,975
75 to 79 years	14,905	81,880	469,485	21,165
80 to 84 years	9,310	62,790	325,110	14,710
85 years and over	7,780	71,855	338,620	14,670
85 to 89 years	5,065	42,430	205,480	9,115
90 to 94 years	2,085	22,155	101,430	4,285
95 to 99 years	535	6,400	28,000	1,125
100 years and over	95	875	3,705	155
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	13.8	15.8	15.2
15 to 64 years	69.6	69.2	65.6	68.1
65 years and over	12.5	17.1	18.5	16.6
85 years and over	1.2	2.6	2.4	2.0
Average age of the population	37.5	41.5	41.8	41.1
Median age of the population	36.0	39.6	41.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Single-detached house	96,020	270,490	2,942,990	90,660
Semi-detached house	24,750	71,955	303,260	26,855
Row house	23,055	62,915	505,265	34,455
Apartment or flat in a duplex	11,960	47,810	181,030	7,895
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,045	162,245	548,785	17,545
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	18,585	542,625	984,665	66,830
Other single-attached house	35	2,770	10,220	80
Movable dwelling⁴	20	85	14,985	255
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	182,470	1,160,895	5,491,205	244,575
1 person	22,140	385,765	1,452,540	47,335
2 persons	35,990	353,415	1,798,040	67,705
3 persons	34,145	178,225	872,480	47,360
4 persons	42,935	147,360	825,445	47,210
5 or more persons	47,265	96,120	542,700	34,965
Number of persons in private households	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,750	712,825
Average household size	3.6	2.4	2.6	2.9
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	538,820	2,410,060	11,972,145	608,645
Married or living common-law	305,995	1,213,410	6,769,725	342,985
Married	288,065	1,020,980	5,738,390	316,235
Living common-law	17,930	192,430	1,031,340	26,750
Living common law - Never married	12,200	155,085	727,825	18,380
Living common law - Separated	1,130	5,745	55,440	1,320
Living common law - Divorced	4,230	29,020	220,445	6,410
Living common law - Widowed	370	2,580	27,625	645
Not married and not living common-law	232,825	1,196,645	5,202,420	265,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	178,220	853,580	3,515,215	190,760
Not married and not living common law - Separated	11,700	67,320	333,775	14,180
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	20,420	154,535	695,630	30,475
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	22,485	121,210	657,800	30,240
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	175,190	733,225	3,969,670	200,800
2 persons	61,555	362,160	1,936,595	81,180
3 persons	43,135	174,070	877,660	50,845
4 persons	50,440	141,635	811,380	48,155
5 or more persons	20,060	55,360	344,035	20,620
Average size of census families	3.2	2.9	2.9	3.1
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	175,190	733,220	3,969,670	200,800
Total couple families	145,685	580,590	3,291,560	165,710
Married couples	136,740	484,435	2,776,165	152,350
With children⁶	95,185	288,375	1,571,480	100,340
Without children	41,550	196,060	1,204,680	52,010
Common-law couples	8,945	96,155	515,395	13,355
With children⁶	4,835	24,805	189,835	5,330
Without children	4,110	71,350	325,560	8,025
Total one-parent families	29,505	152,635	678,110	35,090
in which the parent is a woman+	24,045	127,560	538,450	28,715
in which the parent is a man+	5,460	25,075	139,660	6,380
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	650,165	2,761,290	14,031,750	712,825
Total - Persons in census families	560,540	2,108,975	11,601,460	617,560
Married spouses or common-law partners	291,370	1,161,175	6,583,120	331,415
Parents in one-parent families	29,505	152,635	678,110	35,095
Children⁶	239,665	795,165	4,340,235	251,055
In a two-parent family	190,215	560,345	3,281,460	196,690
In a one-parent family	49,455	234,820	1,058,775	54,365
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	89,620	652,310	2,430,295	95,265
Living alone	22,140	385,765	1,452,540	47,335
Living with other relatives⁷	32,630	93,005	388,780	23,355
Living with non-relatives only	34,855	173,540	588,970	24,575
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	182,470	1,160,895	5,491,200	244,575
One-census-family households without additional persons	107,805	608,930	3,347,195	158,795
Couple-family households	91,145	493,770	2,841,660	133,805
With children⁶	67,170	265,950	1,517,365	87,100
Without children	23,975	227,825	1,324,295	46,705
One-parent-family households	16,660	115,160	505,535	24,990
Multigenerational households⁸	26,070	40,515	221,120	15,945
Multiple-census-family households⁹	5,170	9,920	45,215	3,305
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	12,475	41,030	184,430	9,850
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	8,815	74,730	240,700	9,350
One-person households	22,140	385,765	1,452,540	47,335
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,845	603,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500,240	2,267,990	11,294,815	571,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	41,200	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	500,560	2,268,960	11,300,805	571,620
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	37,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	432,390	1,971,475	10,010,415	502,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,600	36,000	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	380,545	1,628,895	8,153,180	416,025
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	38,000	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	461,840	2,073,950	10,239,835	518,755
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,600	8,500	8,900	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,630	215,780	1,054,225	53,615
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,560	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	192,515	751,475	3,327,770	188,245
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	10,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,820	603,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	500,280	2,268,720	11,296,770	571,305
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	62,050	56,350	54,150
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	500,575	2,269,665	11,302,690	571,595
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,040	49,080	46,280	44,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	432,585	1,972,460	10,011,345	502,720
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	60,300	52,700	51,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380,545	1,628,885	8,153,185	416,030
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	60,100	52,600	52,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	461,895	2,074,670	10,242,610	519,055
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,170	10,500	10,640	10,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,810	214,715	1,052,985	53,365
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,470	6,640	6,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	192,260	751,260	3,321,155	187,375
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	10,060	9,300	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	532,545	2,377,945	11,782,825	603,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	171,290	764,215	3,865,695	200,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	69,500	67,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,500	95,900	82,400	82,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	147,580	628,025	3,112,160	156,125
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	17,200	17,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	31,080	28,520	27,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.6	82.8	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.6	69.6	67.4	70.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	15.5	17.1	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.6	5.9	5.5	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.8	5.4	4.9	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	532,545	2,377,950	11,782,845	603,590
Without total income	32,305	109,960	488,030	32,255
With total income	500,240	2,267,990	11,294,815	571,340
Under $10,000 (including loss)	52,380	211,890	977,950	59,240
$10,000 to $19,999	70,135	278,135	1,383,475	72,465
$20,000 to $29,999	84,640	383,760	1,752,040	91,495
$30,000 to $39,999	67,280	278,910	1,388,215	68,405
$40,000 to $49,999	55,705	221,305	1,190,885	56,785
$50,000 to $59,999	43,595	177,155	985,270	47,345
$60,000 to $69,999	32,670	138,600	782,980	37,410
$70,000 to $79,999	24,225	111,165	612,620	29,075
$80,000 to $89,999	18,875	90,210	477,445	23,260
$90,000 to $99,999	13,820	73,405	385,830	18,555
$100,000 and over	36,925	303,450	1,358,115	67,295
$100,000 to $149,999	28,645	174,940	897,615	45,390
$150,000 and over	8,285	128,510	460,495	21,910
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	532,545	2,377,950	11,782,845	603,590
Without after-tax income	31,985	108,985	482,035	31,970
With after-tax income	500,555	2,268,965	11,300,805	571,625
Under $10,000 (including loss)	53,445	219,695	1,025,995	61,165
$10,000 to $19,999	73,005	290,385	1,442,850	75,560
$20,000 to $29,999	95,105	427,315	1,967,040	101,790
$30,000 to $39,999	78,325	317,215	1,621,120	79,410
$40,000 to $49,999	63,045	254,390	1,384,490	66,680
$50,000 to $59,999	45,395	191,895	1,068,365	51,360
$60,000 to $69,999	31,550	144,175	782,135	37,625
$70,000 to $79,999	21,485	107,625	572,210	27,845
$80,000 to $89,999	15,585	85,860	457,650	22,560
$90,000 to $99,999	8,905	54,710	280,640	13,935
$100,000 and over	14,700	175,685	698,310	33,685
$100,000 to $124,999	8,975	72,650	344,450	17,235
$125,000 and over	5,725	103,035	353,860	16,455
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	532,545	2,377,950	11,782,845	603,590
Without employment income	152,000	749,060	3,629,670	187,565
With employment income	380,545	1,628,890	8,153,175	416,030
Under $5,000 (including loss)	49,180	233,535	1,218,885	59,875
$5,000 to $9,999	36,505	149,810	688,670	37,860
$10,000 to $19,999	50,405	182,800	928,840	47,080
$20,000 to $29,999	40,825	134,370	696,570	34,425
$30,000 to $39,999	37,570	131,130	677,110	33,370
$40,000 to $49,999	35,760	128,965	672,005	34,265
$50,000 to $59,999	30,145	117,230	611,665	32,040
$60,000 to $69,999	24,110	98,370	519,955	27,140
$70,000 to $79,999	18,790	81,720	419,875	21,620
$80,000 to $89,999	15,275	69,910	352,235	18,350
$90,000 to $99,999	11,655	61,540	316,750	15,430
$100,000 and over	30,340	239,510	1,050,620	54,580
$100,000 to $124,999	17,440	94,895	489,720	26,110
$125,000 and over	12,900	144,610	560,895	28,470
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,845	603,590
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	483,735	2,210,875	11,051,405	555,325
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,400	39,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	483,795	2,211,340	11,055,345	555,470
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	33,600	35,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	422,970	1,937,590	9,877,245	493,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,200	37,600	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	376,950	1,619,820	8,159,090	414,210
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,200	38,800	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	428,565	1,945,410	9,643,335	485,020
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,380	1,300	2,200	1,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	31,940	112,960	723,990	29,645
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,080	5,640	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,820	603,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	483,660	2,211,540	11,053,285	555,320
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,360	59,500	53,800	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	483,730	2,211,955	11,057,080	555,460
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,360	46,960	44,080	42,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	422,595	1,937,680	9,878,270	493,010
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480	61,500	53,250	51,650
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	376,825	1,620,165	8,160,870	414,475
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	60,200	52,700	52,550
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	428,760	1,946,775	9,644,415	485,385
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,890	6,335	7,150	6,125
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,750	113,735	725,250	29,625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	7,670	7,340	7,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	532,545	2,377,945	11,782,825	603,590
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	169,110	753,570	3,830,200	197,530
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	64,000	62,800	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,400	90,200	77,800	77,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	137,090	585,965	2,925,680	145,220
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	24,400	23,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,320	38,040	34,640	33,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.6	88.4	89.6
Employment income (%)	79.4	74.2	72.4	76.6
Government transfers (%)	12.3	9.4	11.6	10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	182,470	1,160,895	5,491,205	244,575
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	84,000	91,000	102,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	74,000	79,500	89,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,140	385,765	1,452,540	47,335
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	45,200	43,600	46,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	40,400	39,200	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160,335	775,125	4,038,660	197,235
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	107,000	111,000	118,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	94,000	97,000	103,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,500	121,200	116,000	126,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,100	96,000	95,300	104,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,145	385,525	1,451,915	47,355
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,850	63,850	57,200	58,650
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	51,200	47,320	48,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160,325	775,365	4,039,285	197,220
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,200	149,800	137,000	142,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,600	118,300	112,500	117,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	182,470	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Under $5,000	1,060	21,975	61,515	3,095
$5,000 to $9,999	515	10,700	30,860	1,215
$10,000 to $14,999	925	18,325	63,360	2,050
$15,000 to $19,999	1,735	23,970	96,980	2,945
$20,000 to $24,999	2,885	52,135	186,250	6,680
$25,000 to $29,999	2,920	40,010	168,345	5,605
$30,000 to $34,999	2,970	38,210	158,810	5,840
$35,000 to $39,999	3,510	39,540	175,890	6,465
$40,000 to $44,999	4,035	39,320	182,900	6,580
$45,000 to $49,999	4,295	39,335	182,945	6,690
$50,000 to $59,999	9,555	78,920	370,350	14,570
$60,000 to $69,999	10,415	77,155	364,585	14,810
$70,000 to $79,999	11,325	72,540	350,520	14,860
$80,000 to $89,999	11,330	68,900	332,395	14,345
$90,000 to $99,999	11,475	62,465	310,400	13,790
$100,000 and over	103,530	477,390	2,455,095	125,035
$100,000 to $124,999	26,835	126,785	662,625	31,045
$125,000 to $149,999	22,610	90,785	500,495	24,255
$150,000 to $199,999	29,720	112,045	630,420	33,085
$200,000 and over	24,365	147,770	661,550	36,655
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	182,470	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Under $5,000	1,155	24,205	69,645	3,450
$5,000 to $9,999	540	10,965	32,100	1,275
$10,000 to $14,999	960	18,670	65,025	2,090
$15,000 to $19,999	1,820	25,555	101,865	3,165
$20,000 to $24,999	3,080	55,350	197,995	7,100
$25,000 to $29,999	3,250	44,335	190,225	6,270
$30,000 to $34,999	3,390	43,080	183,505	6,615
$35,000 to $39,999	4,160	45,405	204,300	7,375
$40,000 to $44,999	4,750	46,380	215,785	7,860
$45,000 to $49,999	5,135	47,410	217,105	8,230
$50,000 to $59,999	11,455	94,635	440,280	17,505
$60,000 to $69,999	13,140	90,850	430,860	17,755
$70,000 to $79,999	13,610	84,155	409,865	17,855
$80,000 to $89,999	13,845	76,730	385,295	17,180
$90,000 to $99,999	13,575	65,450	343,595	15,815
$100,000 and over	88,610	387,715	2,003,770	105,040
$100,000 to $124,999	29,840	125,030	685,485	32,890
$125,000 to $149,999	22,195	84,425	472,130	24,375
$150,000 and over	36,575	178,260	846,155	47,775
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	157,000	723,990	3,875,790	192,130
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	106,000	111,000	116,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	94,000	96,000	102,000
Average family size of economic families	3.8	3.0	3.1	3.3
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	27,445	238,385	1,361,615	48,770
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	100,000	95,000	94,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	87,000	83,000	81,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	99,040	313,995	1,770,030	105,670
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	133,000	141,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	116,000	121,000	122,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	4.0	4.1	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,840	138,855	610,815	30,410
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	71,500	73,000	81,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	66,000	67,500	73,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	2.7	2.7	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	56,990	559,305	2,041,505	71,910
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	39,200	38,800	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	35,600	35,600	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	156,840	723,485	3,873,665	191,900
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	151,400	137,200	142,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,500	118,700	112,200	117,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	27,330	238,080	1,359,275	48,565
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100	142,400	119,500	117,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,700	110,100	97,000	95,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	99,140	314,490	1,773,005	105,835
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,800	189,000	168,800	166,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	145,600	136,600	136,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,785	138,050	607,780	30,225
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,400	89,200	87,100	94,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	77,100	76,100	81,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	56,845	558,720	2,039,230	71,855
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	55,950	51,800	51,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,400	45,680	43,440	42,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	650,160	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
0 to 17 years	142,845	461,810	2,726,265	135,865
0 to 5 years	43,350	148,485	831,185	38,655
18 to 64 years	427,705	1,842,580	8,795,220	461,865
65 years and over	79,620	456,895	2,510,270	115,095
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	41,750	363,955	1,420,525	66,740
0 to 17 years	11,800	67,725	314,150	16,105
0 to 5 years	3,870	22,175	102,930	4,885
18 to 64 years	23,690	218,825	803,215	37,080
65 years and over	6,260	77,410	303,160	13,560
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	13.2	10.1	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	14.7	11.5	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	8.9	14.9	12.4	12.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	11.9	9.1	8.0
65 years and over (%)	7.9	16.9	12.1	11.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	650,165	2,761,290	13,977,120	712,825
0 to 17 years	142,840	461,805	2,709,120	135,865
0 to 5 years	43,350	148,485	825,865	38,655
18 to 64 years	427,700	1,842,585	8,763,785	461,865
65 years and over	79,620	456,895	2,504,220	115,100
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	34,165	241,110	738,795	41,965
0 to 17 years	5,365	35,500	126,035	8,615
0 to 5 years	1,710	11,610	39,415	2,640
18 to 64 years	26,545	179,925	541,410	28,650
65 years and over	2,255	25,685	71,350	4,700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	8.7	5.3	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	7.7	4.7	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	7.8	4.8	6.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	9.8	6.2	6.2
65 years and over (%)	2.8	5.6	2.9	4.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
In bottom half of the distribution	307,665	1,385,785	6,516,085	313,175
In bottom decile	48,505	348,260	1,318,120	61,650
In second decile	54,415	287,815	1,283,940	59,710
In third decile	64,485	265,075	1,292,030	61,960
In fourth decile	68,060	245,925	1,296,710	63,455
In fifth decile	72,200	238,700	1,325,280	66,405
In top half of the distribution	342,500	1,375,505	7,515,670	399,650
In sixth decile	74,515	234,350	1,365,960	70,015
In seventh decile	75,955	236,815	1,415,070	73,495
In eighth decile	75,025	245,465	1,482,300	78,265
In ninth decile	70,110	268,615	1,581,535	86,475
In top decile	46,895	390,265	1,670,800	91,405
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	650,165	2,761,290	14,031,755	712,825
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	0.437	0.357	0.343
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	0.555	0.470	0.450
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	0.371	0.308	0.297
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	4.7	3.9	3.8
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	650,820	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
English only	589,185	2,409,655	12,196,575	641,785
French only	440	2,555	39,310	535
English and French	29,520	236,915	1,519,365	47,965
Neither English nor French	31,675	123,505	344,545	24,550
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	650,820	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
English	610,630	2,590,345	13,179,535	676,630
French	4,415	38,695	484,425	7,395
English and French	4,560	22,190	98,270	6,705
Neither English nor French	31,220	121,390	337,560	24,110
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	650,820	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
Single responses	594,935	2,588,520	13,430,605	654,950
Official languages	283,225	1,425,805	9,642,770	326,820
English	279,415	1,391,685	9,179,655	320,640
French	3,810	34,115	463,120	6,180
Non-official languages	311,710	1,162,715	3,787,835	328,130
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	265	14,475	10
Algonquian languages	5	225	13,545	5
Blackfoot	0	0	5	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	75	2,815	0
Atikamekw	0	0	10	0
Cree languages	5	70	2,800	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	5	125	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	60	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	25	550	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	35	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5	50	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	30	1,975	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	15	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	10	70	0
Mi'kmaq	5	10	60	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	10	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	140	10,645	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	35	0
Oji-Cree	0	5	4,240	0
Ojibway languages	0	135	6,365	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	20	280	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	5	65	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	25	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	105	6,000	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	30	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5	30	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	15	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	5	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	10	510	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	10	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	5	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	5	0
Inuktitut	0	15	505	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	270	5
Cayuga	0	0	35	0
Mohawk	0	15	190	0
Oneida	0	0	40	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	5	20	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	10	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	10	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5	65	0
Non-Indigenous languages	311,700	1,162,445	3,773,365	328,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,410	70,715	310,765	37,470
Berber languages	20	115	855	50
Kabyle	10	75	580	20
Tamazight	5	30	215	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10	60	15
Chadic languages	90	205	635	40
Hausa	90	190	560	35
Mina	5	15	70	0
Coptic	25	40	535	155
Cushitic languages	775	12,110	27,575	1,070
Bilen	0	130	930	10
Oromo	80	875	1,540	20
Somali	695	11,020	24,700	1,025
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	80	405	15
Semitic languages	7,500	58,240	281,160	36,160
Amharic	280	7,465	12,490	360
Arabic	4,100	32,985	214,230	33,265
Aramaic languages	2,600	5,335	24,105	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,940	4,195	15,665	1,030
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	555	945	7,480	375
Aramaic, n.o.s.	100	195	960	100
Harari	30	700	970	40
Hebrew	25	4,210	11,630	50
Maltese	325	1,090	4,120	685
Tigrigna	125	6,310	13,360	235
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	140	255	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,410	28,750	84,300	10,440
Khmer (Cambodian)	180	1,230	7,065	75
Vietnamese	4,230	27,445	77,085	10,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	75	140	10
Austronesian languages	11,670	102,870	208,395	21,720
Bikol	35	330	685	95
Bisaya, n.o.s.	125	1,385	2,735	190
Cebuano	315	2,750	5,900	515
Fijian	5	10	40	5
Hiligaynon	190	2,140	3,775	295
Ilocano	615	9,165	14,680	755
Indonesian	150	1,905	5,440	920
Kankanaey	5	245	375	15
Kinaray-a	0	185	275	10
Malagasy languages	0	20	125	5
Merina	0	5	30	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	15	95	5
Malay	30	195	540	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	180	875	1,910	285
Pangasinan	40	450	750	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,905	82,185	168,845	18,325
Waray-Waray	20	270	590	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	755	1,710	145
Creole languages	805	2,720	11,690	695
Haitian Creole	125	720	5,160	50
Jamaican English Creole	60	150	435	20
Krio	45	100	290	10
Morisyen	240	565	1,990	370
Sango	0	0	45	0
Creole, n.o.s.	220	765	2,690	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	105	420	1,080	125
Dravidian languages	21,560	67,995	185,145	17,630
Kannada	605	1,185	4,335	800
Malayalam	3,930	7,290	32,805	3,480
Tamil	14,030	52,905	126,640	10,275
Telugu	2,920	6,450	20,715	2,940
Tulu	55	115	415	95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	50	235	45
Georgian	0	1,095	1,650	50
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	480	0
Indo-European languages	252,085	571,820	2,119,610	189,030
Albanian	265	9,195	20,720	2,485
Armenian	150	7,615	14,680	525
Balto-Slavic languages	6,695	105,980	377,895	46,030
Baltic languages	55	2,645	7,425	540
Latvian	30	1,165	3,050	95
Lithuanian	30	1,480	4,370	450
Slavic languages	6,640	103,340	370,475	45,490
Belarusian	5	135	440	30
Bulgarian	130	3,830	8,565	990
Czech	160	2,410	9,060	530
Macedonian	230	5,090	13,620	1,060
Polish	3,430	20,795	106,275	22,070
Russian	685	33,770	104,310	4,615
Rusyn	0	20	225	10
Serbo-Croatian	1,385	19,275	77,145	8,955
Bosnian	135	1,295	7,140	1,125
Croatian	850	4,990	28,385	4,075
Serbian	385	12,630	40,465	3,645
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	365	1,160	110
Slovak	140	2,765	8,675	590
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	1,425	5,520	670
Ukrainian	340	13,740	36,340	5,960
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	65	285	10
Celtic languages	5	195	795	15
Irish	0	95	225	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	35	170	5
Welsh	5	50	320	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	15	80	5
Germanic languages	1,865	17,060	167,265	3,070
Frisian	30	30	970	5
High German languages	1,000	12,605	102,915	2,215
German	980	10,700	89,075	2,170
Pennsylvania German	5	10	8,895	0
Swiss German	15	305	2,390	45
Yiddish	0	1,600	2,555	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	750	3,005	56,725	610
Afrikaans	20	450	2,865	95
Dutch	720	2,430	41,240	490
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	1,930	0
Low Saxon	0	5	440	0
Plautdietsch	5	20	8,610	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	100	1,630	15
Scandinavian languages	80	1,375	6,440	240
Danish	50	535	3,370	125
Icelandic	0	50	175	0
Norwegian	10	190	800	20
Swedish	25	610	2,090	95
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	40	225	5
Greek	535	23,540	47,970	2,065
Indo-Iranian languages	217,795	207,390	884,995	92,180
Indo-Aryan languages	213,610	150,130	715,085	85,835
Assamese	15	115	325	45
Bengali	3,060	31,335	54,990	4,020
Gujarati	22,000	27,090	95,785	7,260
Hindi	19,645	22,300	87,035	11,685
Kacchi	185	1,575	3,880	280
Kashmiri	70	90	460	75
Konkani	255	745	2,595	715
Marathi	1,155	3,025	9,460	1,990
Nepali	1,945	3,275	12,430	895
Oriya languages	160	495	1,325	235
Odia	105	305	830	155
Oriya, n.o.s.	60	190	490	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	141,005	21,230	260,075	20,690
Rohingya	0	15	290	0
Sindhi	370	550	2,670	595
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,555	3,260	11,040	1,105
Urdu	21,945	34,460	170,955	35,995
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	235	575	1,760	245
Iranian languages	4,175	57,210	169,765	6,325
Baluchi	15	90	335	30
Kurdish	100	1,865	9,120	250
Parsi	5	125	330	5
Pashto	885	4,390	12,780	1,170
Persian languages	3,160	50,490	146,700	4,875
Dari	2,305	10,715	34,340	2,220
Iranian Persian	510	34,575	97,135	2,230
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	350	5,200	15,230	420
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	245	495	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	50	145	20
Italic (Romance) languages	24,760	200,780	605,070	42,635
Catalan	0	120	285	15
Italian	5,430	50,995	194,125	10,260
Portuguese	8,640	60,360	153,750	14,050
Romanian	490	10,510	38,955	2,530
Spanish	10,185	78,575	217,245	15,765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	225	710	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	65	205	20
Japanese	125	6,740	12,880	750
Korean	340	32,805	75,220	4,370
Mongolian	0	310	535	35
Niger-Congo languages	5,085	14,070	42,470	2,090
Akan (Twi)	2,530	3,640	9,325	630
Bamanankan	0	50	185	5
Edo	170	550	1,165	70
Éwé	40	125	485	50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	205	480	20
Ga	100	165	510	50
Ganda	40	645	1,195	45
Gikuyu	35	150	460	45
Igbo	285	790	2,385	190
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	60	325	1,920	25
Lingala	15	215	825	20
Luba-Kasai	5	20	135	0
Mòoré	0	10	60	0
Mwani	60	85	345	20
Ndebele	15	100	335	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	240	2,705	35
Shona	80	370	1,580	50
Soninke	0	155	195	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	100	230	15
Swahili	295	2,255	6,445	255
Wojenaka	0	20	60	0
Wolof	15	145	460	15
Yoruba	1,000	2,495	7,335	385
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	290	1,220	3,655	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	360	1,935	55
Dinka	0	35	325	5
Nuer	0	10	320	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	240	1,125	30
African, n.o.s.	5	70	165	0
Sign languages	100	430	2,775	130
American Sign Language	85	365	2,360	110
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	35	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	70	385	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,555	233,845	632,250	40,325
Chinese languages	5,370	227,685	621,980	39,910
Hakka	130	2,475	6,215	250
Mandarin	2,195	112,620	327,470	23,180
Min Dong	0	485	1,015	45
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	4,475	10,290	885
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	1,750	4,190	280
Yue (Cantonese)	2,775	103,530	267,425	14,830
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	2,240	5,080	410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	110	300	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	6,080	10,000	400
Burmese	65	540	1,540	110
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	440	0
Karenic languages	10	215	1,765	0
S'gaw Karen	10	175	1,530	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	40	235	0
Tibetan	35	5,155	5,785	265
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	55	165	460	25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	80	275	15
Tai-Kadai languages	425	1,745	8,265	305
Lao	360	600	4,570	145
Thai	60	1,065	3,535	155
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	75	165	5
Turkic languages	485	13,515	32,270	1,435
Azerbaijani	15	1,280	2,870	45
Kazakh	0	145	255	5
Turkish	460	11,225	26,740	1,235
Uyghur	5	265	720	80
Uzbek	5	395	1,080	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	205	610	20
Uralic languages	580	12,495	42,270	1,570
Estonian	25	1,495	3,450	105
Finnish	50	1,090	7,650	105
Hungarian	510	9,915	31,170	1,360
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	170	460	15
Multiple responses	55,890	184,110	669,185	59,890
English and French	1,715	12,390	96,260	2,500
English and non-official language(s)	48,855	149,250	494,610	50,705
French and non-official language(s)	450	3,630	15,710	960
English, French and non-official language(s)	895	3,875	16,770	1,400
Multiple non-official languages	3,970	14,965	45,835	4,325
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	650,820	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
English	278,785	1,485,800	9,630,975	339,600
French	1,250	9,195	188,560	1,660
Non-official language	106,895	369,860	1,124,950	92,650
Indigenous³⁹	10	40	2,630	0
Non-Indigenous	106,885	369,820	1,122,315	92,645
English and French	4,005	33,080	274,675	6,065
English and non-official language(s)	241,585	809,180	2,647,980	257,535
French and non-official language(s)	385	2,020	14,065	500
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,155	27,745	117,430	8,490
Multiple non-official languages	11,760	35,750	101,145	8,335
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	650,820	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
Single responses	579,760	2,569,065	13,384,695	642,395
Official languages	359,800	1,855,810	11,165,425	445,105
English	357,675	1,839,730	10,910,560	442,265
French	2,125	16,070	254,870	2,840
Non-official languages	219,955	713,255	2,219,265	197,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	80	5,710	0
Algonquian languages	0	70	5,430	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	25	1,230	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	25	1,220	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	30	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	15	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	10	135	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5	15	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	1,015	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	5	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	20	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	20	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	40	4,185	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	5	1,985	0
Ojibway languages	0	40	2,195	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5	95	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	25	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	30	2,070	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	15	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	15	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	10	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	150	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	150	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	5	75	0
Cayuga	0	0	10	0
Mohawk	0	5	50	0
Oneida	0	0	15	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	15	0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	5	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	219,950	713,175	2,213,555	197,290
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,860	39,890	181,660	22,565
Berber languages	10	45	365	25
Kabyle	0	25	220	0
Tamazight	0	10	100	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	15	45	0
Chadic languages	55	125	355	25
Hausa	55	115	325	25
Mina	0	10	30	0
Coptic	10	20	255	90
Cushitic languages	350	7,140	16,105	505
Bilen	0	95	800	5
Oromo	35	495	840	10
Somali	315	6,515	14,230	485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	30	230	0
Semitic languages	4,435	32,565	164,590	21,920
Amharic	140	3,940	6,405	135
Arabic	2,245	18,060	124,865	20,380
Aramaic languages	1,910	4,345	18,120	1,095
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,420	3,485	11,870	730
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	425	730	5,550	270
Aramaic, n.o.s.	65	130	705	100
Harari	15	385	515	20
Hebrew	5	1,630	4,925	15
Maltese	75	275	770	165
Tigrigna	45	3,870	8,870	95
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	60	120	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,140	19,895	55,990	7,495
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	730	3,855	15
Vietnamese	3,055	19,130	52,080	7,475
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	35	55	0
Austronesian languages	6,260	62,525	115,225	11,880
Bikol	15	145	255	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	735	1,355	95
Cebuano	170	1,575	3,140	265
Fijian	0	5	20	0
Hiligaynon	80	1,235	1,960	160
Ilocano	260	5,385	8,105	350
Indonesian	45	685	1,990	385
Kankanaey	0	130	210	0
Kinaray-a	0	85	110	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	45	0
Merina	0	0	15	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	35	0
Malay	10	60	130	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	455	990	155
Pangasinan	15	160	250	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,505	51,355	95,635	10,335
Waray-Waray	5	120	230	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	395	785	55
Creole languages	485	1,485	6,165	430
Haitian Creole	60	400	2,640	25
Jamaican English Creole	35	80	195	15
Krio	15	50	140	5
Morisyen	175	430	1,425	295
Sango	0	0	30	0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	350	1,325	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	175	420	30
Dravidian languages	15,685	49,945	129,245	11,535
Kannada	365	520	2,165	440
Malayalam	2,500	4,505	20,855	2,075
Tamil	10,790	40,825	93,165	7,195
Telugu	1,990	4,055	12,805	1,765
Tulu	20	25	145	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	20	110	15
Georgian	0	765	1,040	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	185	0
Indo-European languages	182,510	319,375	1,136,460	107,145
Albanian	95	4,390	9,880	1,240
Armenian	65	5,090	8,590	275
Balto-Slavic languages	3,300	53,790	181,290	25,395
Baltic languages	10	705	1,640	190
Latvian	5	285	535	15
Lithuanian	5	425	1,105	175
Slavic languages	3,295	53,085	179,650	25,205
Belarusian	0	40	145	10
Bulgarian	55	1,940	4,100	560
Czech	60	805	2,555	160
Macedonian	90	2,275	5,535	535
Polish	1,840	8,710	45,800	12,460
Russian	420	21,060	66,045	3,060
Rusyn	0	5	120	10
Serbo-Croatian	605	9,715	35,980	4,535
Bosnian	65	595	3,450	580
Croatian	360	1,815	9,990	1,765
Serbian	175	7,150	22,145	2,150
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	150	400	40
Slovak	50	1,475	3,070	225
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	335	1,000	130
Ukrainian	150	6,720	15,235	3,520
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15	65	5
Celtic languages	5	25	140	5
Irish	0	15	65	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	25	0
Welsh	0	5	45	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Germanic languages	175	2,160	40,600	265
Frisian	10	0	85	0
High German languages	75	1,530	28,670	185
German	75	1,290	20,680	180
Pennsylvania German	0	0	7,180	0
Swiss German	0	60	560	0
Yiddish	0	185	250	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	430	11,190	60
Afrikaans	5	125	1,175	25
Dutch	85	290	4,055	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	1,265	0
Low Saxon	0	0	185	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	4,415	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	95	0
Scandinavian languages	5	195	620	25
Danish	0	55	210	5
Icelandic	0	0	30	0
Norwegian	0	30	70	0
Swedish	0	110	310	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	40	0
Greek	160	11,130	19,065	705
Indo-Iranian languages	167,395	134,850	601,605	59,885
Indo-Aryan languages	164,810	96,005	487,535	56,140
Assamese	0	50	145	35
Bengali	1,920	20,505	34,830	2,540
Gujarati	16,195	18,045	63,145	4,335
Hindi	13,560	12,995	52,420	6,860
Kacchi	100	770	1,655	130
Kashmiri	15	35	145	30
Konkani	90	190	640	140
Marathi	710	1,470	4,975	1,175
Nepali	1,355	2,235	8,910	575
Oriya languages	85	270	655	120
Odia	65	170	420	75
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	95	230	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	114,145	14,450	198,670	14,860
Rohingya	0	10	220	0
Sindhi	205	240	1,390	315
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	865	1,750	5,795	560
Urdu	15,405	22,650	113,020	24,310
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	155	340	930	145
Iranian languages	2,570	38,835	114,005	3,740
Baluchi	10	75	195	15
Kurdish	60	1,045	5,560	150
Parsi	0	60	170	5
Pashto	615	3,230	8,670	695
Persian languages	1,880	34,250	99,095	2,880
Dari	1,360	7,145	21,150	1,300
Iranian Persian	270	23,600	67,320	1,315
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	250	3,500	10,625	270
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	170	310	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	65	5
Italic (Romance) languages	11,300	107,915	275,210	19,370
Catalan	0	50	105	5
Italian	1,450	21,040	58,670	2,825
Portuguese	3,710	35,625	74,745	5,925
Romanian	205	4,755	17,755	1,245
Spanish	5,940	46,355	123,690	9,365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	100	240	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	20	90	0
Japanese	60	3,105	5,875	440
Korean	220	23,115	53,585	3,145
Mongolian	0	185	290	20
Niger-Congo languages	2,050	5,745	16,065	760
Akan (Twi)	1,175	1,925	4,370	295
Bamanankan	0	30	80	0
Edo	35	135	270	10
Éwé	10	35	120	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	95	220	10
Ga	40	65	170	20
Ganda	15	200	345	15
Gikuyu	0	35	70	5
Igbo	100	215	660	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	130	775	5
Lingala	10	95	330	25
Luba-Kasai	0	5	35	0
Mòoré	0	0	10	0
Mwani	15	30	80	10
Ndebele	10	40	115	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	130	1,375	5
Shona	30	95	450	15
Soninke	0	85	105	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	35	55	0
Swahili	90	1,005	2,775	80
Wojenaka	0	5	35	0
Wolof	5	50	165	0
Yoruba	410	935	2,640	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	355	835	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	125	820	35
Dinka	0	10	125	0
Nuer	0	10	185	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	80	460	15
African, n.o.s.	0	25	45	0
Sign languages	200	860	5,010	280
American Sign Language	165	635	3,920	210
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	50	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	225	1,035	75
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,740	172,010	469,325	30,050
Chinese languages	3,660	167,280	461,870	29,760
Hakka	45	1,075	2,540	65
Mandarin	1,565	86,150	253,860	18,070
Min Dong	0	330	650	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	2,270	4,890	415
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	1,130	2,765	205
Yue (Cantonese)	1,895	74,845	193,955	10,705
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	1,430	3,090	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	45	110	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	4,700	7,310	295
Burmese	30	330	960	80
Kuki-Chin languages	0	5	305	0
Karenic languages	5	145	1,275	0
S'gaw Karen	5	110	1,105	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	30	170	0
Tibetan	20	4,120	4,540	210
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	100	225	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	30	145	5
Tai-Kadai languages	225	770	3,995	135
Lao	200	275	2,395	70
Thai	20	450	1,520	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	45	85	0
Turkic languages	290	8,360	19,965	840
Azerbaijani	10	690	1,445	20
Kazakh	0	10	40	0
Turkish	270	7,155	17,160	735
Uyghur	0	185	490	65
Uzbek	0	225	580	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	90	250	5
Uralic languages	205	4,940	12,465	505
Estonian	0	325	485	10
Finnish	5	155	1,140	15
Hungarian	200	4,460	10,835	485
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	75	195	10
Multiple responses	71,065	203,565	715,095	72,440
English and French	1,080	7,520	59,725	1,525
English and non-official language(s)	67,835	188,260	624,265	68,355
French and non-official language(s)	165	1,050	6,475	325
English, French and non-official language(s)	680	2,630	12,185	885
Multiple non-official languages	1,310	4,100	12,445	1,340
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	650,825	2,772,630	14,099,790	714,840
None	440,225	2,031,410	11,528,735	492,280
English	80,760	269,945	903,960	84,240
French	4,160	26,595	189,420	6,000
Non-official language	87,925	341,655	1,136,770	101,055
Indigenous³⁹	10	325	9,310	15
Non-Indigenous	87,915	341,325	1,127,465	101,040
English and French	890	3,695	16,580	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	21,365	43,120	140,865	12,975
French and non-official language(s)	2,455	13,575	52,565	3,690
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	895	2,920	195
Multiple non-official languages	12,800	41,745	127,975	13,150
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	650,160	2,761,290	14,031,755	712,825
Official languages	618,515	2,637,775	13,688,615	688,520
English	618,060	2,635,255	13,650,230	688,000
French	30,010	238,505	1,550,545	48,150
Non-official languages	412,635	1,536,605	5,058,180	438,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	870	29,850	55
Algonquian languages	30	715	26,775	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	190	5,205	10
Atikamekw	0	0	15	0
Cree languages	10	185	5,155	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	10	335	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15	200	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	50	1,165	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	25	135	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	10	95	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	75	3,340	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	20	0
Naskapi	0	0	20	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	55	295	0
Mi'kmaq	0	55	250	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	35	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	500	21,560	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	135	0
Oji-Cree	0	15	6,260	0
Ojibway languages	0	480	15,530	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	95	1,295	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	10	210	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	115	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	385	14,155	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	95	0
Athabaskan languages	0	25	115	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	20	105	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	15	50	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	15	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	15	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	25	0
Tlingit	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	40	1,000	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	25	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	25	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	40	970	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Iroquoian languages	0	50	1,625	0
Cayuga	0	0	210	0
Mohawk	0	45	1,220	0
Oneida	0	0	210	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	35	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	10	135	0
Salish languages	0	10	65	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	25	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	10	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	20	0
Siouan languages	0	0	65	0
Assiniboine	0	0	20	0
Dakota	0	0	15	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	30	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	25	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	10	0
Nisga'a	0	0	20	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	10	20	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10	70	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	15	245	0
Non-Indigenous languages	412,605	1,535,860	5,029,345	438,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,625	119,095	481,620	54,370
Berber languages	40	305	1,570	100
Kabyle	0	180	950	25
Tamazight	20	115	475	35
Berber languages, n.i.e.	20	45	215	40
Chadic languages	315	610	2,210	125
Hausa	305	560	2,005	100
Mina	10	40	200	25
Coptic	65	215	2,130	700
Cushitic languages	1,395	19,090	41,520	1,785
Bilen	0	175	1,335	15
Oromo	160	1,725	2,950	60
Somali	1,245	17,155	36,825	1,705
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	225	815	0
Semitic languages	11,095	101,800	443,215	52,455
Amharic	395	13,295	22,815	600
Arabic	8,475	59,680	342,860	49,495
Aramaic languages	3,415	7,625	33,950	2,205
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,440	6,015	21,640	1,375
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	890	1,380	11,170	585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	110	350	1,685	265
Harari	55	1,090	1,610	35
Hebrew	120	19,995	47,380	505
Maltese	485	1,620	6,055	1,005
Tigrigna	125	9,440	19,755	435
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	285	685	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,210	40,125	115,355	13,870
Khmer (Cambodian)	250	1,830	10,085	160
Vietnamese	6,030	38,420	105,800	13,745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	135	275	10
Austronesian languages	15,770	143,975	292,100	30,380
Bikol	55	730	1,345	145
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	1,845	3,410	225
Cebuano	490	4,725	11,100	1,070
Fijian	20	90	210	15
Hiligaynon	305	3,700	6,435	515
Ilocano	1,130	16,205	26,205	1,400
Indonesian	225	2,890	8,175	1,220
Kankanaey	10	380	620	20
Kinaray-a	10	175	310	50
Malagasy languages	0	35	270	40
Merina	0	10	35	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	25	235	30
Malay	305	1,720	4,370	350
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	1,620	3,390	410
Pangasinan	180	860	1,610	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	14,925	135,600	271,450	28,240
Waray-Waray	65	920	1,810	165
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	285	3,135	6,850	520
Creole languages	3,135	9,055	36,585	2,370
Haitian Creole	350	1,995	14,220	205
Jamaican English Creole	415	1,175	3,385	280
Krio	95	220	650	10
Morisyen	760	1,540	5,645	1,035
Sango	0	10	270	0
Creole, n.o.s.	1,210	3,305	10,235	745
Creole languages, n.i.e.	400	1,235	4,065	265
Dravidian languages	32,435	98,850	272,060	27,955
Kannada	1,805	3,625	12,930	2,555
Malayalam	6,090	11,165	48,025	5,875
Tamil	21,475	77,785	192,890	17,180
Telugu	5,540	11,850	38,190	5,570
Tulu	160	320	1,225	390
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	30	240	685	135
Georgian	0	1,355	2,170	130
Hmong-Mien languages	0	10	555	0
Indo-European languages	332,320	801,510	2,941,400	263,220
Albanian	195	11,050	26,725	3,590
Armenian	155	9,595	19,610	760
Balto-Slavic languages	8,750	132,695	470,080	55,720
Baltic languages	115	3,550	9,715	560
Latvian	65	1,655	4,215	105
Lithuanian	55	1,905	5,520	455
Slavic languages	8,660	129,955	462,520	55,330
Belarusian	0	485	1,630	175
Bulgarian	160	4,900	11,310	1,350
Czech	215	3,625	13,130	845
Macedonian	405	7,660	21,070	1,690
Polish	4,155	27,850	134,980	27,810
Russian	1,490	52,840	155,340	9,165
Rusyn	0	30	295	30
Serbo-Croatian	2,015	25,500	102,885	11,745
Bosnian	275	3,320	13,895	2,100
Croatian	1,290	9,415	48,075	6,735
Serbian	755	18,040	58,045	4,950
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	715	1,850	185
Slovak	235	3,675	11,725	645
Slovene (Slovenian)	155	1,900	7,235	995
Ukrainian	625	21,345	58,355	8,620
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	85	500	15
Celtic languages	55	1,350	4,115	80
Irish	25	990	2,345	55
Scottish Gaelic	10	140	715	0
Welsh	10	135	810	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	95	285	0
Germanic languages	3,090	39,895	257,270	6,755
Frisian	60	55	1,750	10
High German languages	1,800	31,620	175,485	5,230
German	1,760	27,540	158,120	5,190
Pennsylvania German	0	0	10,370	0
Swiss German	35	575	3,485	55
Yiddish	10	3,915	6,100	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,125	6,385	78,435	1,190
Afrikaans	125	2,095	9,255	385
Dutch	985	4,115	55,040	745
Low German, n.o.s.	0	20	2,185	0
Low Saxon	0	0	595	0
Plautdietsch	10	50	10,245	55
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	205	2,040	25
Scandinavian languages	210	2,975	12,565	525
Danish	90	1,020	5,175	225
Icelandic	0	95	390	0
Norwegian	50	535	2,385	65
Swedish	70	1,530	5,340	265
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	95	480	20
Greek	825	36,620	76,320	3,320
Indo-Iranian languages	285,780	302,620	1,244,895	139,200
Indo-Aryan languages	281,505	236,745	1,049,480	132,170
Assamese	40	230	725	100
Bengali	5,080	41,750	76,980	6,400
Gujarati	30,310	42,425	143,240	12,330
Hindi	113,515	107,170	436,125	54,740
Kacchi	330	3,300	8,140	605
Kashmiri	155	280	1,085	240
Konkani	660	2,005	6,745	1,975
Marathi	3,185	8,290	24,775	5,100
Nepali	2,355	5,580	17,110	1,260
Oriya languages	325	1,010	2,545	435
Odia	150	605	1,430	225
Oriya, n.o.s.	185	410	1,130	215
Punjabi (Panjabi)	189,235	41,430	397,865	37,835
Rohingya	0	40	370	0
Sindhi	665	1,355	5,595	1,355
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	2,540	7,370	21,630	2,005
Urdu	38,725	65,035	295,175	55,765
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	900	1,665	5,965	920
Iranian languages	5,470	70,200	210,370	8,635
Baluchi	10	160	520	30
Kurdish	270	3,275	13,870	490
Parsi	15	230	525	10
Pashto	1,355	7,095	20,790	2,055
Persian languages	4,365	62,515	183,830	6,505
Dari	3,350	14,995	47,640	3,085
Iranian Persian	815	42,785	122,305	3,105
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	325	5,490	16,615	480
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	450	1,040	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	170	420	1,300	150
Italic (Romance) languages	35,300	296,705	922,975	59,405
Catalan	0	335	770	15
Italian	8,900	84,335	312,800	16,055
Portuguese	11,765	80,170	208,575	18,895
Romanian	650	12,920	48,315	3,120
Spanish	15,395	138,770	401,205	24,075
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	80	725	2,355	85
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	85	250	910	110
Japanese	385	14,220	30,705	1,775
Korean	450	38,895	90,475	5,260
Mongolian	0	415	745	55
Niger-Congo languages	11,765	32,875	106,850	6,195
Akan (Twi)	4,555	6,410	17,570	1,225
Bamanankan	10	240	760	20
Edo	500	1,305	3,210	315
Éwé	195	345	1,195	100
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	305	1,010	95
Ga	370	520	1,870	195
Ganda	125	1,490	2,760	50
Gikuyu	65	365	1,080	110
Igbo	1,085	2,020	8,115	500
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	85	655	4,020	100
Lingala	260	1,665	7,315	190
Luba-Kasai	40	175	1,050	10
Mòoré	0	40	235	0
Mwani	70	150	520	45
Ndebele	70	210	855	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	540	4,895	75
Shona	180	715	3,040	130
Soninke	0	245	290	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	270	630	30
Swahili	1,045	7,620	24,360	1,550
Wojenaka	0	75	260	15
Wolof	40	485	1,495	65
Yoruba	3,050	7,235	24,375	1,455
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	995	3,620	12,825	685
Nilo-Saharan languages	95	555	3,210	65
Dinka	0	55	470	0
Nuer	0	10	585	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	490	2,155	60
African, n.o.s.	45	305	835	35
Sign languages	420	2,860	18,990	675
American Sign Language	355	2,575	16,685	585
Quebec Sign Language	0	20	380	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	370	2,600	125
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,005	275,670	747,160	47,480
Chinese languages	6,755	267,745	734,190	47,005
Hakka	175	3,630	8,760	400
Mandarin	3,660	162,950	467,415	31,700
Min Dong	0	645	1,450	40
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	410	7,830	18,020	1,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	2,730	6,720	465
Yue (Cantonese)	3,680	134,810	352,135	19,900
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	2,245	5,200	435
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	200	515	40
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	8,080	13,135	455
Burmese	40	875	2,570	115
Kuki-Chin languages	0	55	600	0
Karenic languages	35	225	2,255	0
S'gaw Karen	30	155	1,970	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	70	385	0
Tibetan	85	6,655	7,475	290
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	95	445	980	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	220	565	45
Tai-Kadai languages	740	2,865	12,655	440
Lao	600	1,045	7,370	210
Thai	165	1,840	6,200	290
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	170	335	0
Turkic languages	1,030	20,920	52,195	2,440
Azerbaijani	80	2,425	5,910	105
Kazakh	0	325	710	10
Turkish	925	18,110	44,815	2,245
Uyghur	0	240	825	45
Uzbek	0	790	2,095	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	370	1,075	45
Uralic languages	715	14,670	52,025	1,835
Estonian	35	1,680	4,010	140
Finnish	80	1,405	9,455	145
Hungarian	605	11,650	38,690	1,560
Other languages, n.i.e.	120	575	2,145	135
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,750	712,825
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,255	22,925	406,585	3,555
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,980	21,475	389,955	3,375
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,960	13,800	251,030	1,950
Métis	965	7,440	134,615	1,395
Inuk (Inuit)	60	240	4,310	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	645	7,115	55
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	800	9,515	125
Non-Indigenous identity	646,910	2,738,365	13,625,165	709,270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,750	712,825
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	815	7,730	172,535	1,005
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	649,345	2,753,555	13,859,215	711,820
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Owner	142,480	602,925	3,755,720	172,225
Renter	39,990	557,970	1,724,970	72,355
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0	10,510	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Condominium	19,415	353,215	822,780	69,070
Not condominium	163,060	807,670	4,668,425	175,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
No bedrooms	1,000	28,765	48,740	1,275
1 bedroom	12,240	330,340	769,570	31,240
2 bedrooms	21,570	334,320	1,205,540	49,850
3 bedrooms	57,720	268,505	1,918,935	79,885
4 or more bedrooms	89,940	198,960	1,548,420	82,320
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
1 to 4 rooms	39,170	617,005	1,579,320	78,710
5 rooms	28,815	152,950	775,580	36,265
6 rooms	31,115	113,715	791,100	35,265
7 rooms	26,710	90,775	708,205	28,750
8 or more rooms	56,660	186,440	1,636,990	65,590
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	4.9	6.2	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
One person or fewer per room	168,325	1,093,085	5,328,575	229,855
More than one person per room	14,145	67,805	162,625	14,720
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Suitable	158,385	1,016,350	5,122,185	216,910
Not suitable	24,085	144,545	369,015	27,660
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
1960 or before	7,600	340,185	1,247,430	17,730
1961 to 1980	35,165	333,990	1,456,110	75,015
1981 to 1990	25,285	109,780	711,940	47,955
1991 to 2000	26,260	92,985	644,080	46,745
2001 to 2005	28,550	58,975	385,045	23,530
2006 to 2010	21,420	63,995	348,760	15,745
2011 to 2015	20,910	75,980	328,735	9,550
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	17,285	85,005	369,095	8,300
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	176,400	1,086,415	5,177,155	232,950
Major repairs needed	6,070	74,480	314,050	11,625
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
One-maintainer household	66,515	634,725	2,677,880	110,565
Two-maintainer household	88,340	447,155	2,506,110	112,395
Three-or-more-maintainer household	27,610	79,010	307,210	21,620
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	182,475	1,160,890	5,491,200	244,575
15 to 24 years	3,555	34,350	126,385	3,595
25 to 34 years	21,540	202,225	727,305	24,745
35 to 44 years	40,090	210,570	930,410	40,875
45 to 54 years	43,705	204,790	1,013,210	51,605
55 to 64 years	38,265	215,740	1,149,345	58,260
65 to 74 years	22,280	158,850	876,960	38,545
75 to 84 years	9,845	90,900	481,250	19,955
85 years and over	3,190	43,455	186,330	6,995
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	181,930	1,151,795	5,415,420	243,100
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	125,575	777,835	4,103,320	174,940
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	56,355	373,965	1,312,095	68,155
30% to less than 100%	52,650	321,675	1,169,040	60,495
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	182,470	1,160,895	5,491,205	244,575
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	78,340	522,150	1,802,285	95,180
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	49,190	315,735	1,150,405	57,695
Not suitable only	17,835	98,270	262,900	19,345
Major repairs needed only	3,350	39,905	201,870	6,285
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	5,240	33,670	74,930	6,515
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,710	21,965	80,990	3,535
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	805	10,015	25,420	1,390
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	205	2,595	5,765	415
Acceptable housing	104,130	638,740	3,688,915	149,400
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	178,225	1,099,505	5,272,360	235,435
In core need	22,925	215,225	639,805	35,085
Not in core need	155,300	884,285	4,632,550	200,350
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	142,470	602,915	3,718,255	172,220
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	77.2	56.6	59.7	60.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.3	25.6	17.7	23.5
% in core housing need⁶³	9.1	10.8	6.4	9.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,300	1,740	1,440	1,800
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,304	2,038	1,700	1,974
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	900,000	700,000	900,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	967,000	1,131,000	807,000	999,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,990	557,975	1,722,000	72,350
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	14.2	13.7	12.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	40.0	38.4	39.1
% in core housing need⁶³	26.6	29.3	24.9	28.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	1,500	1,300	1,600
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,628	1,562	1,408	1,650
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0	10,510	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	8.7	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	324	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	380	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	950	6,060	169,090	755
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	940	5,870	166,095	750
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	690	4,835	136,445	490
Métis single ancestry	240	975	27,835	255
Inuit single ancestry	15	60	1,810	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	190	3,000	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	170	2,660	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	15	175	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	115	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	50	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,595	24,150	351,395	4,295
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,455	23,505	342,985	4,200
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,725	17,670	246,415	3,050
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	655	5,665	93,245	1,135
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	170	3,325	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135	645	8,405	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	605	7,595	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	40	535	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	215	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	60	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	645,615	2,731,070	13,511,270	707,780
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	650,160	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	513,120	2,284,055	12,633,260	600,215
Canadian citizens aged under 18	130,235	413,995	2,554,125	118,190
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	382,890	1,870,055	10,079,140	482,020
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	137,040	477,230	1,398,490	112,610
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	650,160	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	266,465	1,329,905	9,437,320	306,375
Immigrants⁸¹	343,690	1,286,140	4,206,585	379,425
Before 1980	38,125	222,935	860,305	58,680
1980 to 1990	37,385	156,460	506,195	47,340
1991 to 2000	74,700	273,985	852,765	83,110
2001 to 2010	98,615	290,400	941,630	95,400
2011 to 2021⁸²	94,870	342,360	1,045,695	94,895
2011 to 2015	44,775	144,320	461,010	42,390
2016 to 2021	50,095	198,040	584,680	52,500
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40,005	145,240	387,850	27,030
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	343,690	1,286,140	4,206,585	379,420
Under 5 years	24,535	91,030	375,395	32,680
5 to 14 years	49,965	203,840	734,680	63,840
15 to 24 years	77,875	247,955	840,165	70,345
25 to 44 years	150,845	605,575	1,851,675	173,645
45 years and over	40,475	137,730	404,670	38,915
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	343,690	1,286,140	4,206,585	379,420
Americas	59,680	210,980	629,550	46,530
Brazil	385	10,175	23,125	1,275
Colombia	1,050	8,695	32,520	3,385
El Salvador	1,430	6,495	21,780	815
Guyana	13,920	31,025	77,635	6,240
Haiti	290	1,660	11,375	155
Jamaica	22,210	42,650	122,770	11,015
Mexico	590	9,340	33,380	1,390
Peru	570	4,105	11,455	1,335
Trinidad and Tobago	7,345	18,280	52,750	5,760
United States of America	3,245	25,220	111,390	5,580
Other places of birth in Americas	8,640	53,330	131,370	9,565
Europe	29,110	266,210	1,049,725	77,850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	425	4,910	21,150	2,385
Croatia	645	4,200	24,270	3,035
France	165	5,820	15,240	625
Germany	975	8,915	54,275	2,115
Greece	465	16,510	31,650	1,385
Hungary	280	6,135	18,530	690
Italy	4,210	37,700	135,640	6,805
Netherlands	755	2,130	39,490	475
Poland	2,995	18,245	88,785	19,025
Portugal	7,125	34,360	95,490	10,415
Romania	580	11,200	40,475	2,645
Russian Federation	380	15,820	44,165	1,985
Serbia⁸⁶	355	7,740	22,295	1,835
Ukraine	445	15,845	43,070	4,675
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,830	35,585	239,485	9,225
Other places of birth in Europe	2,475	41,100	135,725	10,525
Africa	17,815	88,020	287,920	25,430
Algeria	55	940	4,355	340
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	390	2,130	10,220	265
Egypt	860	6,420	39,345	8,975
Eritrea	85	6,485	14,200	255
Ethiopia	540	10,900	19,415	480
Morocco	120	2,385	8,105	460
Nigeria	5,385	10,015	37,420	2,920
Somalia	640	10,190	20,335	905
South Africa, Republic of	360	6,000	21,540	1,170
Other places of birth in Africa	9,380	32,555	112,985	9,660
Asia	236,120	716,885	2,225,590	228,910
Afghanistan	2,910	12,920	38,580	2,470
Iran⁸⁸	650	37,190	103,795	2,675
Iraq	4,050	11,350	63,255	8,415
Lebanon	505	6,490	38,170	3,315
Syria⁸⁹	590	8,240	45,685	6,705
Turkey	490	8,500	20,795	985
China⁹⁰	2,525	129,755	355,955	22,830
Hong Kong⁹¹	705	36,850	108,480	6,655
Korea, South⁹²	315	27,505	62,750	4,125
Taiwan	150	7,985	18,105	1,685
Philippines	15,305	132,980	268,580	28,670
Viet Nam	4,950	31,675	86,315	10,950
Bangladesh	2,550	27,135	46,260	3,065
India	159,585	102,155	495,750	61,255
Pakistan	20,400	34,140	165,530	33,805
Sri Lanka	12,325	47,895	112,730	7,785
Other places of birth in Asia	8,120	54,130	194,855	23,530
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	965	4,045	13,810	700
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	50,090	198,040	584,680	52,505
Americas	4,395	25,025	68,450	3,975
Brazil	60	4,200	8,725	275
Colombia	150	1,195	4,260	310
Haiti	30	275	1,550	15
Jamaica	1,990	3,145	9,970	705
Mexico	45	2,330	5,810	270
United States of America	800	5,125	17,945	1,260
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	1,535	3,400	195
Other places of birth in Americas	1,290	7,215	16,795	945
Europe	850	20,690	47,295	3,120
France	0	1,940	3,225	80
Germany	45	650	1,685	55
Ireland⁹⁶	10	1,365	2,225	105
Italy	160	835	1,770	45
Russian Federation	15	2,240	5,150	185
Ukraine	75	2,490	6,035	610
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	2,615	8,000	260
Other places of birth in Europe	390	8,550	19,200	1,775
Africa	2,680	18,720	64,910	4,550
Algeria	10	210	1,130	70
Burundi	20	125	1,790	0
Cameroon	65	500	1,585	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	360	2,275	0
Côte d'Ivoire	35	235	1,085	105
Egypt	125	995	6,370	1,555
Eritrea	10	2,775	7,145	40
Ethiopia	35	1,955	3,480	65
Morocco	20	520	1,890	135
Nigeria	1,570	4,535	16,570	1,275
Somalia	45	1,575	3,345	105
South Africa, Republic of	20	675	2,915	165
Sudan⁹⁷	25	480	2,095	140
Tunisia	20	120	820	65
Other places of birth in Africa	640	3,650	12,405	770
Asia	42,095	132,735	401,940	40,800
Afghanistan	365	3,180	7,225	355
Bangladesh	250	4,760	7,710	455
China⁹⁰	180	18,525	54,645	2,680
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	655	2,620	95
India	34,020	40,200	139,660	16,580
Iran⁸⁸	25	5,225	13,215	260
Iraq	695	2,265	12,940	2,045
Israel	25	640	2,270	50
Japan	15	860	1,460	60
Jordan	60	385	2,610	315
Korea, South⁹²	15	3,120	6,935	285
Lebanon	25	960	4,365	495
Nepal	455	1,235	2,445	225
Pakistan	2,610	5,740	23,970	4,305
Philippines	1,635	24,905	45,235	3,065
Saudi Arabia	110	1,870	6,110	1,030
Sri Lanka	580	2,710	5,895	400
Syria⁸⁹	255	4,680	30,180	4,375
Turkey	90	2,670	7,060	290
United Arab Emirates	135	940	5,310	1,265
Viet Nam	210	2,395	6,020	745
Other places of birth in Asia	320	4,810	14,075	1,420
Oceania and other⁹³	65	875	2,090	65
Australia	25	720	1,620	45
Other places of birth⁹⁸	45	160	470	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,755	712,825
First generation¹⁰⁰	387,180	1,462,090	4,725,795	412,535
Second generation¹⁰¹	193,900	741,035	3,180,170	192,000
Third generation or more¹⁰²	69,085	558,160	6,125,785	108,295
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	305,565	1,063,205	3,346,285	320,745
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	132,975	532,155	1,669,195	179,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	57,665	240,950	697,905	69,680
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	75,310	291,205	971,295	109,320
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	136,525	323,950	1,037,680	89,420
Refugees¹⁰⁸	32,355	186,825	587,735	48,575
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,710	20,280	51,675	3,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	305,565	1,063,205	3,346,285	320,745
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	18,755	102,210	262,835	18,860
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	21,300	111,095	289,330	21,710
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,935	24,490	79,320	5,400
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15,120	65,870	179,715	11,195
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,465	5,180	19,030	1,775
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	245,995	754,355	2,516,055	261,805
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,750	712,825
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	523,850	1,537,285	4,817,360	441,480
South Asian	340,815	385,440	1,515,295	180,800
Chinese	7,135	296,225	820,245	52,095
Black	85,310	265,005	768,740	49,220
Filipino	21,055	170,355	363,650	38,335
Arab	6,675	42,040	284,215	42,805
Latin American	13,490	92,455	249,190	17,325
Southeast Asian	9,100	53,905	167,845	17,165
West Asian	7,040	69,320	212,185	8,510
Korean	470	42,190	99,425	5,825
Japanese	395	13,210	31,420	2,115
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20,555	42,435	124,120	10,890
Multiple visible minorities	11,815	64,700	181,025	16,410
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	126,315	1,224,000	9,214,395	271,345
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	650,160	2,761,290	14,031,755	712,825
Canadian	40,080	165,640	1,621,655	42,315
English	27,135	244,995	2,347,685	46,415
Irish	21,960	226,865	1,999,985	39,785
Scottish	21,115	211,175	1,937,010	36,800
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,885	85,715	1,039,385	15,425
German	9,670	107,475	1,058,075	19,285
Chinese	11,030	297,725	821,835	55,350
Italian	20,535	167,460	905,105	38,075
Indian (India)	180,300	182,115	764,435	90,560
Ukrainian	3,670	61,560	342,260	17,350
Dutch	4,230	34,360	478,860	6,125
Polish	7,505	85,255	461,090	36,095
Québécois	315	2,620	28,035	445
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,825	66,395	462,995	12,325
Filipino	20,825	161,495	355,680	37,325
French Canadian	1,565	15,450	199,845	3,120
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,050	32,230	221,315	4,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,290	9,350	160,660	1,615
Métis	995	7,420	131,780	1,460
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,870	35,895	182,785	6,500
Russian	1,545	56,130	187,460	6,265
Norwegian	495	8,670	62,840	1,235
Welsh	1,870	23,795	188,980	3,880
Portuguese	18,700	85,165	300,600	27,845
American	2,015	21,905	129,750	3,425
Spanish	6,280	44,625	143,840	9,865
Swedish	525	9,415	68,260	1,420
Hungarian	1,835	25,910	149,040	3,945
Acadian	375	3,935	34,125	600
Pakistani	25,985	41,705	212,650	41,025
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15,390	50,400	149,265	9,710
Jewish	655	74,080	155,180	2,065
Punjabi	57,075	11,980	119,085	10,725
Vietnamese	6,710	42,190	122,735	15,010
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,270	18,385	110,250	16,645
Greek	1,920	51,985	143,065	5,890
Jamaican	30,960	62,015	201,945	15,860
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,640	39,880	110,750	9,685
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	185	1,380	20,025	100
Korean	520	42,195	100,025	6,025
Romanian	1,020	20,010	86,435	3,755
Lebanese	1,120	11,530	80,345	4,645
Iranian	820	37,895	109,410	3,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,260	15,030	73,665	6,110
Danish	515	7,120	52,170	990
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	3,925	61,790	540
Sikh	43,940	4,850	77,805	6,110
Austrian	840	11,700	63,920	1,940
Belgian	445	4,575	56,860	665
Haitian	400	2,820	17,930	300
Hindu	26,895	26,510	106,970	11,545
Mexican	915	15,440	54,725	2,350
Mennonite	35	1,740	38,095	200
Swiss	465	6,710	56,510	980
Finnish	355	7,710	76,275	995
Sri Lankan	10,955	43,495	105,765	7,370
Croatian	1,930	12,420	79,240	7,955
Japanese	730	17,115	42,250	2,875
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	14,970	25,660	83,435	10,410
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	850	2,195	21,650	415
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	305	4,345	31,395	725
Muslim	5,125	15,950	62,780	10,055
Egyptian	1,200	9,725	54,210	9,950
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,270	17,735	48,595	3,455
Tamil	9,375	35,070	86,580	6,505
Icelandic	90	2,560	13,915	200
Colombian	1,220	10,340	39,420	3,820
Moroccan	215	3,905	12,300	530
Czech	560	7,745	39,400	1,485
Syrian	1,175	6,785	42,525	6,385
Guyanese	14,020	27,780	85,455	6,165
Afghan	4,485	18,760	61,255	4,085
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	6,770	22,590	59,655	4,015
Serbian	800	17,775	64,415	4,680
Ojibway	245	2,405	52,770	300
Newfoundlander	855	3,370	29,950	750
Hong Konger	285	12,835	41,120	2,595
Ontarian	1,280	4,725	64,245	1,060
Persian	655	15,215	46,445	1,685
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	6,840	17,350	59,110	5,460
Turkish	1,015	15,770	43,555	3,150
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	130	285	6,160	45
Bangladeshi	2,815	26,650	47,195	2,740
Algerian	60	1,290	4,970	355
Brazilian	695	14,860	33,905	1,630
Nigerian	4,170	10,870	36,750	2,470
Armenian	310	11,885	30,860	1,295
Slovak	515	7,065	37,165	1,385
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	295	11,345	32,880	1,275
Somali	1,485	19,810	41,640	2,165
Taiwanese	85	7,955	17,960	1,415
Iraqi	2,365	7,490	42,980	5,695
Salvadorean	1,705	7,195	24,740	940
African Caribbean	5,935	15,300	43,475	3,695
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,540	13,395	32,785	3,210
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,280	7,875	38,000	4,730
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	5,160	14,565	39,165	3,050
Algonquin	60	625	20,910	85
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	6,940	14,825	42,575	4,120
Lithuanian	265	8,190	29,870	1,160
South African	345	5,505	21,965	1,030
Australian	150	3,480	14,775	475
Palestinian	655	4,020	30,365	6,080
Chilean	890	5,165	14,370	1,225
Congolese	565	2,705	12,815	285
Nova Scotian	155	1,170	10,195	365
Ethiopian	605	11,065	20,625	740
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,510	7,945	22,825	1,565
Peruvian	870	5,235	15,260	1,580
Yoruba	2,540	5,395	19,350	1,220
Cambodian (Khmer)	430	2,800	15,155	295
Berber	35	505	3,055	180
Albanian	275	12,250	29,575	3,830
Maltese	1,600	6,400	33,825	2,985
Macedonian	600	11,600	35,925	2,070
Slovenian	485	4,805	25,085	2,470
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	2,575	13,170	300
New Brunswicker	85	525	5,865	105
Gujarati	6,080	6,650	25,995	2,210
Eritrean	185	8,355	17,165	490
African Canadian	2,445	6,015	20,025	1,315
Israeli	200	7,415	20,570	360
Mohawk	120	1,275	20,595	180
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	1,750	12,115	320
Bulgarian	235	5,830	15,900	1,395
Albertan	0	165	1,185	25
Ghanaian	4,525	7,550	20,935	1,540
Barbadian	1,615	6,340	21,205	1,380
African American	1,340	4,410	16,380	780
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	195	2,855	16,400	750
Tunisian	0	485	2,430	155
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	360	4,710	15,800	1,540
Cuban	730	4,760	14,785	965
Bosnian	290	3,255	16,065	2,125
Venezuelan	305	4,130	12,885	930
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	50	1,010	0
Latvian	220	4,915	16,070	440
Bengali	820	9,230	16,665	1,560
Cameroonian	385	1,020	4,295	75
Guatemalan	755	2,980	10,175	565
Indonesian	280	3,330	10,645	1,180
Laotian	800	1,670	10,870	380
Ilocano	540	6,220	10,560	755
Northern Irish	405	2,625	14,875	545
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	2,180	10,135	240
British Columbian	10	165	1,020	20
Ecuadorian	1,570	8,450	18,835	1,305
Franco Ontarian	45	795	18,755	90
Argentinian	650	4,015	11,950	790
Estonian	135	3,840	14,025	385
Kurdish	230	3,825	13,495	490
Fijian	485	545	2,345	220
Jatt	4,965	660	9,195	690
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	260	1,050	8,040	185
Coptic	500	1,645	14,845	3,860
Thai	205	2,220	7,850	300
Dominican	475	3,140	8,585	560
Nepali	1,800	3,310	11,585	1,005
Kabyle	0	60	570	25
Assyrian	1,690	4,055	17,080	1,120
Igbo	1,255	2,025	8,595	465
Byelorussian	100	2,725	9,730	535
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	55	285	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	265	3,445	30
Abenaki	45	45	1,300	0
Moldovan	35	1,170	4,295	220
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	300	5,550	80
New Zealander	50	1,235	4,865	85
Sudanese	35	2,195	9,200	945
Breton	0	140	650	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	750	12,085	165
Malaysian	335	2,720	7,360	605
Plains Cree	0	70	365	40
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45	1,080	3,660	290
Huron (Wendat)	0	150	2,070	55
Saskatchewanian	20	170	1,755	35
Buddhist	410	2,880	8,440	705
Gaspesian	0	50	700	35
Norman	20	330	2,250	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	485	3,390	9,250	720
Ivorian	80	495	2,270	245
Saulteaux	15	130	735	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	560	6,980	10
Burundian	75	435	4,105	35
Tigrinya	20	2,450	5,290	25
Nicaraguan	190	2,135	6,575	340
Mauritian	520	1,430	5,050	805
Kenyan	615	2,195	6,970	515
Oji-Cree	0	75	7,300	0
Vincentian	1,045	4,130	9,080	580
Jordanian	230	1,365	9,040	1,360
Manitoban	15	170	1,505	45
Cape Bretoner	65	285	3,040	50
Rwandan	45	630	3,450	100
Grenadian	920	5,060	10,250	665
Malayali	1,410	1,850	8,100	965
Chaldean	835	1,270	10,280	725
Sinhalese	1,160	2,320	8,060	840
Mayan	190	1,250	4,085	190
Honduran	175	1,040	3,735	195
Cherokee	25	305	3,555	35
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	130	90	1,350	65
Indo-Caribbean	1,365	2,975	8,830	840
Flemish	15	470	3,565	75
United Empire Loyalist	30	800	6,730	125
Senegalese	55	300	1,155	40
Azerbaijani	110	2,375	6,235	110
Sicilian	70	1,005	5,840	175
Pashtun	475	1,755	6,385	1,205
Malay	230	1,715	3,910	510
Goan	825	2,105	7,930	2,125
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	195	940	3,150	135
Tibetan	65	6,335	7,380	310
Zimbabwean	190	745	3,780	195
Burmese	140	1,220	4,290	230
Mongolian	30	1,255	3,585	275
Azorean	590	1,470	6,085	640
Atikamekw	0	0	85	0
Bamileke	35	315	1,100	0
Indo-Guyanese	1,475	2,765	7,605	620
Ugandan	260	2,190	4,685	170
Oromo	120	1,785	3,015	70
Tanzanian	230	1,810	4,865	370
Yemeni	180	1,635	5,300	490
Central African	100	155	1,630	45
Libyan	30	575	4,200	265
Basque	25	355	1,515	90
Uruguayan	430	1,475	4,720	475
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	945	1,125	4,055	350
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	390	1,390	3,605	145
Igorot	75	1,125	2,245	95
Fulani	50	400	1,165	85
Woodland Cree	0	15	275	0
Guinean	15	290	1,120	60
St. Lucian	390	2,450	5,850	235
Prince Edward Islander	40	315	1,900	55
Maliseet	0	35	615	0
Beninese	85	470	1,325	125
Telugu	825	1,440	4,755	740
Roma	25	1,500	3,470	160
Costa Rican	95	890	2,735	165
African Nova Scotian	70	570	1,650	145
Malagasy	0	135	555	55
Kashmiri	500	890	3,905	630
Singaporean	85	860	2,320	180
Karen	40	265	2,365	0
Edo	545	1,250	3,515	330
Tajik	115	1,545	4,150	330
Amhara	15	1,985	3,135	50
Paraguayan	25	205	855	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	650,165	2,761,285	14,031,750	712,825
Buddhist	7,105	62,475	164,215	14,300
Christian	232,220	1,274,450	7,315,810	355,735
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	57,680	230,275	1,070,190	51,655
Anabaptist	95	1,415	57,795	325
Anglican	9,330	66,495	525,425	14,605
Baptist	4,670	22,180	165,400	5,865
Catholic	112,745	669,320	3,654,825	216,650
Christian Orthodox	5,305	110,665	329,850	25,625
Jehovah's Witness	2,345	8,550	48,290	1,905
Latter Day Saints	565	1,855	16,420	370
Lutheran	1,085	10,485	114,810	2,235
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	975	5,080	35,320	955
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	16,490	32,900	174,605	8,315
Presbyterian	3,385	24,760	202,275	5,900
Reformed	745	1,175	47,400	385
United Church	6,650	43,465	570,830	10,595
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	10,140	45,840	302,375	10,350
Hindu	117,395	171,980	573,700	62,520
Jewish	535	99,390	196,100	1,380
Muslim	59,445	264,155	942,990	120,965
Sikh	163,260	21,545	300,435	24,505
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	935	15,985	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,925	20,730	88,845	4,465
No religion and secular perspectives	67,265	845,615	4,433,675	128,940
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	643,245	2,736,910	13,904,805	707,075
Non-movers	566,850	2,382,090	12,295,685	633,415
Movers	76,400	354,820	1,609,120	73,665
Non-migrants	50,735	261,975	914,170	40,870
Migrants	25,660	92,845	694,950	32,795
Internal migrants	16,450	52,170	570,275	20,565
Intraprovincial migrants	14,515	42,095	516,425	18,310
Interprovincial migrants	1,935	10,070	53,850	2,255
External migrants	9,210	40,675	124,670	12,230
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	614,135	2,637,900	13,349,180	681,500
Non-movers	369,425	1,664,210	8,361,770	456,750
Movers	244,710	973,695	4,987,410	224,750
Non-migrants	111,745	530,780	2,087,055	95,470
Migrants	132,960	442,910	2,900,355	129,280
Internal migrants	67,050	200,725	2,167,365	66,180
Intraprovincial migrants	59,850	157,040	1,938,720	58,050
Interprovincial migrants	7,200	43,685	228,640	8,130
External migrants	65,915	242,185	732,990	63,100
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	532,545	2,377,945	11,782,825	603,590
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	94,285	364,050	1,969,920	85,715
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	438,255	2,013,895	9,812,905	517,875
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	353,435	1,602,620	7,584,645	392,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40,560	151,430	757,455	31,170
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	312,875	1,451,180	6,827,190	361,255
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,820	603,595
No certificate, diploma or degree	89,500	339,500	1,799,890	80,295
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	152,685	555,590	3,204,170	152,265
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	290,355	1,482,860	6,778,765	371,030
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	128,955	506,235	3,250,175	140,395
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,545	80,935	592,485	22,470
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,945	46,255	287,155	12,560
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,600	34,680	305,330	9,915
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	92,770	356,760	2,389,205	99,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,640	68,545	268,480	18,635
Bachelor's degree or higher	161,400	976,620	3,528,600	230,635
Bachelor's degree	106,370	615,160	2,307,685	150,240
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,245	62,665	224,820	14,805
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,635	24,940	90,530	6,385
Master's degree	39,045	238,415	786,440	53,970
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,100	35,445	119,125	5,235
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	353,430	1,602,615	7,584,645	392,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	37,460	137,130	667,665	28,030
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	86,925	304,135	1,770,810	78,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	229,035	1,161,345	5,146,170	285,925
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	93,985	370,020	2,356,375	100,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	13,975	53,060	384,770	14,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,790	30,330	184,665	7,945
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,180	22,730	200,110	6,335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	68,125	268,055	1,787,580	73,650
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,890	48,905	184,030	12,870
Bachelor's degree or higher	135,055	791,330	2,789,795	185,125
Bachelor's degree	85,950	491,215	1,798,010	117,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,535	49,305	173,205	11,615
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,165	19,385	71,055	5,270
Master's degree	35,635	204,360	658,060	46,915
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,765	27,070	89,470	3,925
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	532,540	2,377,945	11,782,820	603,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	242,185	895,085	5,004,055	232,560
Education	11,345	67,760	358,255	16,285
13. Education	11,345	67,760	358,255	16,285
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,285	87,485	258,480	11,500
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	710	7,235	26,160	1,255
50. Visual and performing arts	5,580	80,250	232,325	10,245
Humanities	21,755	100,310	388,160	20,955
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,645	12,225	40,335	2,275
23. English language and literature/letters	3,155	29,600	99,000	5,070
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	13,600	25,940	112,250	8,405
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	230	2,610	10,520	415
38. Philosophy and religious studies	655	8,140	26,705	1,165
39. Theology and religious vocations	615	4,915	28,715	875
54. History	1,585	13,460	54,415	2,110
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	265	3,420	16,220	650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30,675	235,830	928,970	45,905
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	300	4,165	12,940	460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,575	33,725	106,350	5,165
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,200	26,820	154,370	6,885
22. Legal professions and studies	5,995	41,920	144,535	7,270
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	585	5,720	24,040	945
42. Psychology	3,765	31,470	142,265	6,385
45. Social sciences	11,255	92,005	344,465	18,800
Business, management and public administration	76,520	361,525	1,472,490	96,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	115	550	2,340	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,155	24,100	123,510	4,050
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	72,250	336,875	1,346,635	92,115
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,335	72,985	303,310	20,495
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,810	34,380	133,895	8,070
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,735	15,710	69,195	5,710
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	195	2,105	6,440	485
40. Physical sciences	3,820	18,470	80,200	5,500
41. Science technologies/technicians	775	2,325	13,585	725
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	23,115	94,200	367,845	27,715
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20,460	70,775	284,925	22,495
25. Library science	255	3,770	16,090	555
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,065	16,295	56,120	3,920
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	335	3,355	10,705	750
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	54,525	223,100	1,274,815	71,895
04. Architecture and related services	1,635	20,870	61,850	3,545
14. Engineering	23,165	108,445	414,085	36,150
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	13,040	38,525	278,410	13,540
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	30	185	15
46. Construction trades	5,275	23,760	197,795	7,195
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,650	21,430	208,980	7,525
48. Precision production	3,750	10,040	113,510	3,925
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,960	17,550	132,765	4,515
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,305	10,125	86,885	3,035
03. Natural resources and conservation	655	7,430	45,885	1,475
Health and related fields	35,120	171,920	939,610	42,145
30.37 Design for human health	0	20	25	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,110	13,175	84,485	3,210
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	32,490	150,945	828,240	37,475
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	435	2,335	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	7,340	24,520	1,370
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,680	49,840	351,505	13,215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,855	32,100	181,985	7,370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	210	2,135	45
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	255	2,200	80
43. Security and protective services	3,970	10,390	110,890	3,740
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,800	6,885	54,295	1,975
Other¹⁷⁹	50	355	2,555	115
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	353,430	1,602,615	7,584,650	392,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	124,390	441,270	2,438,475	106,500
Education	8,285	46,545	242,725	11,560
13. Education	8,285	46,545	242,725	11,560
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,660	70,870	199,945	8,915
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	470	5,650	18,425	885
50. Visual and performing arts	4,180	65,220	181,520	8,035
Humanities	17,280	74,315	279,505	15,740
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,320	8,900	29,620	1,635
23. English language and literature/letters	2,565	22,195	71,745	3,930
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,810	19,740	83,455	6,355
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	180	1,840	7,195	295
38. Philosophy and religious studies	505	6,305	19,380	875
39. Theology and religious vocations	455	3,215	18,420	600
54. History	1,245	9,965	39,275	1,580
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	200	2,165	10,415	475
Social and behavioural sciences and law	24,250	189,885	729,685	35,395
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	250	3,445	10,515	360
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,980	28,960	88,895	4,080
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,510	20,265	119,090	5,075
22. Legal professions and studies	5,010	34,535	117,900	5,945
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	450	4,755	18,585	690
42. Psychology	3,015	24,385	107,035	4,965
45. Social sciences	9,045	73,530	267,660	14,285
Business, management and public administration	61,280	293,645	1,161,875	77,165
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	435	1,785	100
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,430	19,060	98,675	3,250
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	57,750	274,155	1,061,420	73,815
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,130	53,685	220,805	14,800
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	4,290	26,230	100,550	5,935
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,200	11,360	50,505	4,130
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	130	1,585	5,100	395
40. Physical sciences	2,970	12,950	55,565	3,820
41. Science technologies/technicians	540	1,565	9,090	520
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,370	79,160	304,045	23,755
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,150	61,940	244,700	19,785
25. Library science	195	2,225	9,860	365
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,750	12,265	40,875	2,945
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	270	2,730	8,610	665
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	42,095	168,335	932,505	52,980
04. Architecture and related services	1,255	16,260	48,030	2,735
14. Engineering	19,555	86,455	326,190	28,390
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,395	28,170	202,375	9,660
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	30	165	15
46. Construction trades	3,820	16,935	137,150	4,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,520	14,425	143,480	4,905
48. Precision production	2,550	6,060	75,115	2,430
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,300	13,890	100,525	3,300
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,770	7,600	64,365	2,120
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	6,285	36,155	1,180
Health and related fields	28,465	132,700	703,890	32,480
30.37 Design for human health	0	20	30	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,455	10,095	64,360	2,185
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	26,645	116,830	619,520	29,165
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	375	1,960	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	335	5,385	18,030	1,040
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,890	38,050	268,815	9,740
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,585	24,395	136,310	5,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	150	1,600	20
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	125	1,180	35
43. Security and protective services	2,935	8,240	89,470	2,810
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,350	5,140	40,255	1,395
Other¹⁷⁹	35	260	1,860	85
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	353,430	1,602,615	7,584,650	392,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	124,390	441,270	2,438,475	106,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	229,040	1,161,345	5,146,175	285,925
Location of study inside Canada	121,460	776,130	3,921,795	165,130
Same as province or territory of residence	115,950	707,130	3,634,290	154,900
Different than province or territory of residence	5,515	69,005	287,505	10,235
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	107,575	385,220	1,224,380	120,795
Americas	10,115	72,910	229,280	14,140
United States of America	4,395	39,810	140,770	7,865
Mexico	225	5,370	11,625	725
Cuba	105	1,325	3,715	335
Haiti	40	145	1,250	10
Jamaica	2,015	2,585	9,200	705
Brazil	155	8,995	17,755	715
Colombia	240	3,340	12,705	1,285
Peru	85	970	2,750	305
Venezuela⁹⁵	105	2,055	5,530	430
Other locations of study in Americas	2,745	8,310	23,985	1,760
Europe	5,540	74,860	224,050	19,045
Belgium	45	530	1,650	100
France	150	5,560	11,580	445
Germany	175	2,035	7,115	310
Netherlands	70	990	4,345	160
Switzerland	40	810	2,525	130
Hungary	75	1,035	2,960	140
Moldova¹⁸³	10	525	2,080	140
Poland	600	3,140	16,450	4,260
Romania	200	4,040	14,985	1,195
Russian Federation	245	6,665	19,185	945
Ukraine	260	6,705	18,225	2,345
Ireland⁹⁶	85	3,470	6,925	300
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,830	22,330	72,655	4,830
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	950	3,415	350
Italy	60	1,695	3,895	160
Serbia⁸⁶	60	2,530	5,750	510
Other locations of study in Europe	600	11,840	30,300	2,710
Africa	3,690	16,935	65,145	7,200
Nigeria	1,925	4,375	15,165	1,080
Algeria	20	355	1,550	135
Morocco	55	620	2,180	135
Tunisia	15	165	805	60
Egypt	365	2,370	17,195	4,010
South Africa, Republic of	90	1,630	6,770	345
Other locations of study in Africa	1,225	7,420	21,480	1,445
Asia	87,475	214,675	686,295	79,475
Iran⁸⁸	155	12,745	35,535	675
Iraq	685	1,590	12,270	2,420
Israel	15	1,820	6,675	115
Lebanon	125	1,600	7,235	965
Syria⁸⁹	145	1,330	7,515	1,630
Turkey	90	3,375	7,585	345
China⁹⁰	935	28,050	92,585	7,260
Taiwan	40	1,445	3,535	290
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	2,390	8,875	585
Japan	85	3,195	6,310	385
Korea, South⁹²	50	8,180	21,145	1,295
Philippines	6,215	54,175	109,885	10,950
Viet Nam	195	1,950	5,120	635
Bangladesh	850	10,280	16,250	1,020
Sri Lanka	1,180	4,275	11,075	1,070
India	68,910	57,290	245,655	33,070
Pakistan	6,260	10,330	53,750	12,165
Other locations of study in Asia	1,490	10,655	35,295	4,600
Oceania	760	5,840	19,605	930
Australia	610	5,000	16,965	825
New Zealand	105	795	2,445	85
Other locations of study in Oceania	40	45	200	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	532,540	2,377,950	11,782,820	603,595
In the labour force	355,755	1,518,420	7,399,200	385,915
Employed	308,360	1,308,110	6,492,895	332,000
Unemployed	47,405	210,305	906,310	53,920
Not in the labour force	176,785	859,530	4,383,620	217,670
Participation rate	66.8	63.9	62.8	63.9
Employment rate	57.9	55.0	55.1	55.0
Unemployment rate	13.3	13.9	12.2	14.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	532,540	2,377,945	11,782,820	603,595
Did not work¹⁸⁶	197,955	905,995	4,469,170	228,605
Worked	334,585	1,471,950	7,313,650	374,990
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	176,705	791,335	3,982,300	206,735
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	157,880	680,620	3,331,350	168,250
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	40.2	41.1	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	355,755	1,518,420	7,399,205	385,915
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	54,835	212,505	14,625
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	342,915	1,463,580	7,186,695	371,295
Employee	290,480	1,223,655	6,109,070	315,540
Permanent position	243,020	1,020,130	5,166,275	265,785
Temporary position	47,465	203,525	942,795	49,760
Fixed term (1 year or more)	14,895	82,620	324,250	17,885
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	32,570	120,905	618,540	31,870
Self-employed¹⁹²	52,435	239,925	1,077,625	55,755
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	355,755	1,518,420	7,399,205	385,915
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	54,835	212,505	14,625
All occupations¹⁹¹	342,915	1,463,580	7,186,695	371,295
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,200	24,775	95,240	4,955
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	66,260	315,270	1,328,155	82,165
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	33,705	159,770	685,390	48,950
3 Health occupations	20,225	105,465	543,565	23,720
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25,670	181,940	871,260	34,620
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,980	83,130	232,200	9,330
6 Sales and service occupations	79,315	350,245	1,735,930	90,300
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	80,200	175,505	1,175,410	56,875
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,765	8,350	148,055	2,295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	28,595	59,140	371,490	18,080
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	355,755	1,518,420	7,399,205	385,915
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	12,845	54,835	212,505	14,625
All industries¹⁹¹	342,915	1,463,580	7,186,695	371,295
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	755	2,565	104,895	690
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	225	1,985	34,360	545
22 Utilities	1,150	6,115	55,230	1,805
23 Construction	20,310	83,035	538,340	23,065
31-33 Manufacturing	42,495	97,580	655,935	34,185
41 Wholesale trade	15,330	45,380	244,910	19,520
44-45 Retail trade	40,350	141,575	798,090	42,635
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	54,860	67,330	379,485	28,765
51 Information and cultural industries	6,700	60,845	169,120	9,985
52 Finance and insurance	19,185	123,495	399,030	28,545
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,395	41,040	152,050	8,800
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	28,080	205,880	681,235	46,330
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,255	9,175	26,240	2,070
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,310	75,095	324,285	17,160
61 Educational services	16,125	107,480	531,260	23,330
62 Health care and social assistance	30,440	163,465	859,910	36,230
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	3,050	33,405	130,490	4,520
72 Accommodation and food services	16,260	82,155	390,675	17,960
81 Other services (except public administration)	10,970	61,015	283,115	12,585
91 Public administration	9,670	54,970	428,030	12,565
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	372,955	1,602,165	7,885,710	407,720
English	334,280	1,449,315	7,181,805	372,730
French	480	3,430	52,565	625
Non-official language	4,795	26,500	74,365	4,415
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	305	0
Non-Indigenous	4,795	26,495	74,060	4,415
English and French	3,410	29,995	285,005	5,885
English and non-official language(s)	29,515	87,670	275,330	23,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	70	355	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	3,010	10,820	695
Multiple non-official languages	235	2,175	5,475	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	372,955	1,602,165	7,885,710	407,720
Single responses	365,685	1,580,025	7,783,760	402,080
Official languages	356,120	1,533,090	7,649,065	393,335
English	355,280	1,525,910	7,555,160	391,975
French	845	7,180	93,910	1,360
Non-official languages	9,565	46,940	134,690	8,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	15	1,240	0
Algonquian languages	0	15	1,185	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	155	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	155	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	145	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	15	1,030	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	465	0
Ojibway languages	0	15	560	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	25	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	535	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	30	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	30	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	20	0
Mohawk	0	0	20	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,565	46,925	133,450	8,750
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	1,075	4,830	775
Berber languages	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	120	210	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	110	190	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	90	950	4,615	760
Amharic	0	40	60	0
Arabic	65	570	3,735	730
Aramaic languages	25	155	410	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	120	320	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	35	85	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	145	315	0
Tigrigna	0	30	90	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	160	1,305	3,365	555
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	20	140	0
Vietnamese	160	1,285	3,225	555
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	880	1,530	150
Bikol	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	20	55	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	35	40	0
Indonesian	0	10	65	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	10	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	790	1,330	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	25	0
Creole languages	0	10	50	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	35	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	180	1,310	2,660	165
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	35	160	15
Tamil	145	1,260	2,440	130
Telugu	10	15	55	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	35	70	25
Indo-European languages	8,775	14,165	50,205	3,850
Albanian	0	105	270	45
Armenian	0	145	195	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	2,190	6,865	1,270
Baltic languages	0	50	65	0
Latvian	0	30	30	0
Lithuanian	0	20	40	0
Slavic languages	130	2,145	6,790	1,265
Bulgarian	0	30	60	15
Czech	0	15	40	0
Macedonian	0	35	75	10
Polish	95	385	1,765	690
Russian	10	1,100	3,295	165
Serbo-Croatian	20	120	605	100
Bosnian	0	0	85	25
Croatian	20	0	135	25
Serbian	0	120	395	45
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	20	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	440	910	280
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	245	7,320	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	195	5,945	30
German	10	150	3,210	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	2,555	0
Swiss German	0	0	135	0
Yiddish	0	50	50	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	35	1,275	0
Afrikaans	0	0	25	0
Dutch	0	35	680	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	55	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	515	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	15	90	0
Danish	0	0	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	15	0
Swedish	0	10	50	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	230	355	10
Indo-Iranian languages	8,025	3,580	19,460	1,600
Indo-Aryan languages	7,980	1,935	15,015	1,550
Bengali	25	325	440	20
Gujarati	285	305	850	50
Hindi	430	200	1,145	155
Kacchi	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	15	15	0
Nepali	0	40	150	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,885	585	10,235	790
Sindhi	10	0	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	75	0
Urdu	315	455	2,080	510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Iranian languages	45	1,640	4,435	50
Kurdish	0	40	125	0
Pashto	0	50	85	0
Persian languages	40	1,540	4,210	45
Dari	35	115	415	25
Iranian Persian	0	1,305	3,415	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	120	380	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	605	7,675	15,735	890
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	425	1,005	30
Portuguese	225	3,740	5,645	335
Romanian	0	55	300	35
Spanish	355	3,460	8,765	480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	695	1,075	35
Korean	10	2,715	5,460	280
Mongolian	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	70	170	0
Akan (Twi)	0	20	30	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	15	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	30	60	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	10	30	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	10	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0
Sign languages	0	120	845	45
American Sign Language	0	115	795	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	10	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	40	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	23,815	61,525	2,810
Chinese languages	280	23,730	61,360	2,810
Hakka	0	20	45	0
Mandarin	155	14,385	37,260	2,085
Min Dong	0	20	35	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	60	150	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	9,100	23,610	705
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	145	250	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	85	135	0
Burmese	0	0	15	0
Karenic languages	0	0	45	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	35	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	80	80	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	25	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	110	330	0
Lao	0	15	50	0
Thai	0	95	275	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	460	970	50
Azerbaijani	0	15	35	0
Turkish	15	440	905	50
Uyghur	0	0	30	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	165	350	0
Estonian	0	40	65	0
Finnish	0	20	55	0
Hungarian	15	100	230	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	0
Multiple responses	7,270	22,140	101,955	5,635
English and French	925	4,655	46,525	1,205
English and non-official language(s)	6,250	16,820	53,330	4,275
French and non-official language(s)	0	15	155	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	240	880	75
Multiple non-official languages	60	420	1,060	80
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	372,955	1,602,165	7,885,710	407,720
None	345,595	1,498,610	7,400,850	382,635
English	4,375	19,980	89,345	4,345
French	2,165	22,095	199,430	4,090
Non-official language	15,710	48,965	154,150	13,100
Indigenous³⁹	0	55	2,895	0
Non-Indigenous	15,710	48,905	151,255	13,100
English and French	0	50	270	10
English and non-official language(s)	570	2,320	7,395	475
French and non-official language(s)	160	2,260	7,510	465
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	25	50	10
Multiple non-official languages	4,370	7,875	26,705	2,590
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	308,355	1,308,110	6,492,895	331,995
Worked at home	68,735	510,240	1,929,760	111,685
Worked outside Canada	1,610	6,395	29,740	1,970
No fixed workplace address	48,970	142,290	765,180	37,480
Usual place of work	189,045	649,185	3,768,210	180,870
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	189,045	649,185	3,768,210	180,870
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	77,185	514,695	2,212,620	106,490
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	56,160	0	653,055	13,235
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	55,390	132,960	885,485	60,820
Commute to a different province or territory	315	1,530	17,050	325
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	238,010	791,470	4,533,390	218,345
Car, truck or van	204,435	482,480	3,790,545	180,545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	183,185	424,985	3,451,650	162,185
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	21,250	57,490	338,895	18,365
Public transit	24,600	207,680	390,140	24,890
Walked	3,350	60,615	208,380	6,350
Bicycle	350	15,750	37,665	715
Other method	5,280	24,945	106,655	5,845
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	238,010	791,470	4,533,390	218,345
Less than 15 minutes	34,355	130,355	1,283,185	41,835
15 to 29 minutes	87,895	251,795	1,527,580	83,990
30 to 44 minutes	67,240	222,015	934,230	53,060
45 to 59 minutes	22,910	88,655	375,215	18,620
60 minutes and over	25,620	98,655	413,180	20,845
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	238,010	791,470	4,533,390	218,345
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20,405	43,645	351,800	14,260
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40,840	113,320	797,475	33,810
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	47,450	167,655	1,066,580	48,570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40,900	181,860	938,175	47,655
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35,000	148,245	632,825	36,895
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	53,420	136,755	746,530	37,155
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	145,610	471,030	2,781,415	138,965
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,390	45,395	349,875	11,435
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	134,220	425,635	2,431,540	127,535
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	107,345	339,085	2,047,210	104,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,480	34,720	268,250	9,225
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	6,755	22,430	179,995	5,965
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,725	12,290	88,260	3,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	97,865	304,365	1,778,960	95,720

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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