Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Caledon, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	76,581	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	66,502^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.2	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	24,795	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,699	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	111.2	...	...	111.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	688.82	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	76,580	38,475	38,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,155	6,745	6,405	17.2	17.5	16.8
0 to 4 years	3,705	1,895	1,810	4.8	4.9	4.7
5 to 9 years	4,370	2,215	2,160	5.7	5.8	5.7
10 to 14 years	5,080	2,640	2,440	6.6	6.9	6.4
15 to 64 years	52,025	26,300	25,725	67.9	68.4	67.5
15 to 19 years	5,555	2,925	2,635	7.3	7.6	6.9
20 to 24 years	5,435	3,020	2,415	7.1	7.8	6.3
25 to 29 years	4,340	2,345	1,995	5.7	6.1	5.2
30 to 34 years	4,285	2,085	2,205	5.6	5.4	5.8
35 to 39 years	4,680	2,260	2,420	6.1	5.9	6.4
40 to 44 years	5,155	2,470	2,685	6.7	6.4	7.0
45 to 49 years	5,560	2,730	2,830	7.3	7.1	7.4
50 to 54 years	6,225	3,025	3,205	8.1	7.9	8.4
55 to 59 years	6,115	3,100	3,015	8.0	8.1	7.9
60 to 64 years	4,670	2,340	2,325	6.1	6.1	6.1
65 years and over	11,395	5,420	5,975	14.9	14.1	15.7
65 to 69 years	3,640	1,775	1,865	4.8	4.6	4.9
70 to 74 years	3,080	1,440	1,640	4.0	3.7	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,160	1,040	1,120	2.8	2.7	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,435	705	730	1.9	1.8	1.9
85 years and over	1,085	465	620	1.4	1.2	1.6
85 to 89 years	760	330	430	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	260	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
95 to 99 years	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.5	16.8	17.2	17.5	16.8
15 to 64 years	67.9	68.4	67.5	67.9	68.4	67.5
65 years and over	14.9	14.1	15.7	14.9	14.1	15.7
85 years and over	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Average age of the population	40.0	39.3	40.7	40.0	39.3	40.7
Median age of the population	40.8	39.6	41.6	40.8	39.6	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	19,120	...	...	80.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,650	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,825	...	...	7.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	335	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	480	...	...	2.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	255	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,140	...	...	13.2	...	...
2 persons	6,260	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 persons	4,295	...	...	18.1	...	...
4 persons	5,710	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 or more persons	4,295	...	...	18.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	63,425	31,725	31,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	39,430	19,730	19,705	62.2	62.2	62.2
Married	35,890	17,950	17,935	56.6	56.6	56.6
Living common-law	3,545	1,775	1,770	5.6	5.6	5.6
Living common law - Never married	2,190	1,100	1,085	3.5	3.5	3.4
Living common law - Separated	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,060	525	535	1.7	1.7	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	24,000	11,995	12,000	37.8	37.8	37.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,700	9,925	7,775	27.9	31.3	24.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,280	555	725	2.0	1.7	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,330	930	1,400	3.7	2.9	4.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,685	590	2,095	4.2	1.9	6.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,345	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	4,865	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	6,330	...	...	28.9	...	...
5 or more persons	2,385	...	...	10.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,290	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	17,520	...	...	79.9	...	...
With children⁶	11,585	...	...	52.8	...	...
Without children	5,930	...	...	27.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,770	...	...	8.1	...	...
With children⁶	795	...	...	3.6	...	...
Without children	975	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,640	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,000	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	640	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,055	34,790	34,265	90.8	91.1	90.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,580	19,285	19,290	50.7	50.5	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	2,640	640	1,995	3.5	1.7	5.3
Children⁶	27,840	14,865	12,980	36.6	38.9	34.3
In a two-parent family	23,585	12,580	11,015	31.0	32.9	29.1
In a one-parent family	4,255	2,290	1,970	5.6	6.0	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,030	3,410	3,620	9.2	8.9	9.6
Living alone	3,145	1,465	1,680	4.1	3.8	4.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,370	940	1,430	3.1	2.5	3.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,520	1,010	515	2.0	2.6	1.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,590	...	...	70.0	...	...
Couple-family households	14,870	...	...	62.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,805	...	...	41.4	...	...
Without children	5,060	...	...	21.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,725	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,145	...	...	9.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	430	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	895	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	495	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	3,145	...	...	13.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	62,935	31,450	31,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,330	30,085	30,245	95.9	95.7	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	44,400	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,390	30,120	30,265	96.0	95.8	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	36,000	39,600	44,400	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,970	27,960	27,015	87.3	88.9	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,200	40,400	48,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,485	24,225	22,255	73.9	77.0	70.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	36,400	42,400	49,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,535	26,340	27,195	85.1	83.8	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	5,320	8,900	7,000	5,320	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,490	2,170	3,315	8.7	6.9	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,480	5,760	5,640	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,110	9,590	9,520	30.4	30.5	30.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	62,935	31,460	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,240	30,080	30,160	95.7	95.6	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,100	70,000	52,250	61,100	70,000	52,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,290	30,100	30,185	95.8	95.7	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320	55,200	43,440	49,320	55,200	43,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,045	27,970	27,080	87.5	88.9	86.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600	67,500	47,360	57,600	67,500	47,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,485	24,170	22,315	73.9	76.8	70.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	65,600	47,480	56,950	65,600	47,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,685	26,520	27,160	85.3	84.3	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540	8,270	10,790	9,540	8,270	10,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,450	2,100	3,350	8.7	6.7	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010	6,320	7,440	7,010	6,320	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,015	9,530	9,480	30.2	30.3	30.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,460	9,210	8,830	8,460	9,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	62,935	31,460	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,380	13,190	10,190	37.1	41.9	32.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,500	65,500	72,500	79,500	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,800	93,700	75,700	85,800	93,700	75,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,950	8,000	8,950	26.9	25.4	28.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,200	15,900	17,800	20,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	33,920	25,720	29,600	33,920	25,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	89.6	81.4	86.0	89.6	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	75.4	67.2	71.8	75.4	67.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.9	10.4	18.6	13.9	10.4	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.6	1.0	0.6	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.4	5.1	4.1	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.5	4.6	3.8	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	62,940	31,455	31,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,610	1,365	1,245	4.1	4.3	4.0
With total income	60,325	30,085	30,240	95.8	95.6	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,465	2,425	3,040	9.1	8.1	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,170	3,200	3,970	11.9	10.6	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,310	3,685	4,620	13.8	12.2	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,650	3,015	3,640	11.0	10.0	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,600	2,550	3,050	9.3	8.5	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865	2,250	2,615	8.1	7.5	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	2,025	2,000	6.7	6.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,345	1,800	1,545	5.5	6.0	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,650	1,245	4.8	5.5	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395	1,370	1,030	4.0	4.6	3.4
$100,000 and over	9,600	6,115	3,490	15.9	20.3	11.5
$100,000 to $149,999	6,350	3,815	2,540	10.5	12.7	8.4
$150,000 and over	3,250	2,295	950	5.4	7.6	3.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	62,940	31,455	31,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,550	1,330	1,220	4.1	4.2	3.9
With after-tax income	60,390	30,125	30,265	95.9	95.8	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,795	2,555	3,240	9.6	8.5	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,490	3,355	4,140	12.4	11.1	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,395	4,230	5,165	15.6	14.0	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,660	3,525	4,140	12.7	11.7	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,725	3,075	3,655	11.1	10.2	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	5,515	2,800	2,715	9.1	9.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	2,385	2,035	7.3	7.9	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545	2,070	1,470	5.9	6.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160	1,685	1,475	5.2	5.6	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,905	1,180	725	3.2	3.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	4,775	3,270	1,505	7.9	10.9	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,360	1,550	810	3.9	5.1	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,415	1,725	695	4.0	5.7	2.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	62,940	31,455	31,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,450	7,225	9,225	26.1	23.0	29.3
With employment income	46,485	24,230	22,260	73.9	77.0	70.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,055	2,845	3,205	13.0	11.7	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	3,730	1,665	2,070	8.0	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180	2,475	2,705	11.1	10.2	12.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,005	2,045	1,965	8.6	8.4	8.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,460	1,640	1,820	7.4	6.8	8.2
$40,000 to $49,999	3,415	1,585	1,830	7.3	6.5	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	1,570	1,710	7.1	6.5	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	1,510	1,395	6.2	6.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,465	1,370	1,095	5.3	5.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	1,295	960	4.8	5.3	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,035	1,180	850	4.4	4.9	3.8
$100,000 and over	7,705	5,055	2,650	16.6	20.9	11.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	2,145	1,490	7.8	8.9	6.7
$125,000 and over	4,075	2,915	1,165	8.8	12.0	5.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	62,935	31,450	31,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,715	29,185	29,530	93.3	92.8	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,200	38,000	44,000	51,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,735	29,190	29,545	93.3	92.8	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,165	27,415	26,740	86.1	87.2	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,800	36,000	42,800	50,800	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,540	24,165	22,370	73.9	76.8	71.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,200	38,400	44,000	51,200	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,765	24,520	25,245	79.1	78.0	80.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,400	730	3,600	1,400	730	3,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,895	1,420	2,475	6.2	4.5	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,160	6,200	5,760	5,160	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	62,935	31,460	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,815	29,200	29,615	93.5	92.8	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,950	69,600	50,480	59,950	69,600	50,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,835	29,210	29,625	93.5	92.8	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040	54,300	41,880	48,040	54,300	41,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,220	27,365	26,855	86.2	87.0	85.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,500	69,900	48,800	59,500	69,900	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,465	24,090	22,380	73.8	76.6	71.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,050	67,100	48,280	58,050	67,100	48,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,860	24,465	25,395	79.2	77.8	80.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,065	4,832	7,250	6,065	4,832	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,860	1,345	2,515	6.1	4.3	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,985	8,620	7,700	5,985	8,620
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	62,935	31,460	31,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,275	13,125	10,150	37.0	41.7	32.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	61,600	69,500	76,500	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,000	91,700	71,700	83,000	91,700	71,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,065	7,530	8,540	25.5	23.9	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	26,800	22,200	24,400	26,800	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	41,400	31,760	36,280	41,400	31,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.2	87.6	91.4	94.2	87.6
Employment income (%)	76.4	79.6	72.4	76.4	79.6	72.4
Government transfers (%)	8.6	5.8	12.3	8.6	5.8	12.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.5	0.8	0.4	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	155,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,400	...	...	125,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,400	...	...	74,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,800	...	...	59,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,800	...	...	167,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	245	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	320	...	...	1.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	390	...	...	1.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	315	...	...	1.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	380	...	...	1.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	410	...	...	1.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	425	...	...	1.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	890	...	...	3.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,065	...	...	4.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,155	...	...	4.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,705	...	...	66.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,905	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,790	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,415	...	...	18.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,590	...	...	23.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	260	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	350	...	...	1.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	340	...	...	1.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	440	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	525	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,120	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	...	...	5.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,400	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,445	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,835	...	...	58.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,670	...	...	15.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,125	...	...	13.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,035	...	...	29.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,670	2,470	2,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	44,400	42,000	43,600	44,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	40,000	38,400	39,200	40,000	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,600	...	...	166,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,375	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000	...	...	185,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,200	...	...	150,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,650	2,395	2,265	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,600	71,600	57,250	64,600	71,600	57,250
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,700	56,350	48,880	52,700	56,350	48,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	76,090	38,200	37,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,450	8,470	7,985	21.6	22.2	21.1
0 to 5 years	4,505	2,305	2,200	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	48,395	24,355	24,040	63.6	63.8	63.5
65 years and over	11,245	5,380	5,870	14.8	14.1	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,430	1,670	1,760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	780	410	370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	130	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,885	945	945	...	...	...
65 years and over	765	315	450	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.7	4.9	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.7	4.7	5.2	5.7	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
65 years and over (%)	6.8	5.8	7.6	6.8	5.8	7.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	76,085	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,450	8,470	7,980	21.6	22.2	21.1
0 to 5 years	4,510	2,310	2,205	5.9	6.0	5.8
18 to 64 years	48,395	24,355	24,040	63.6	63.8	63.4
65 years and over	11,245	5,375	5,870	14.8	14.1	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,520	860	665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	275	150	120	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	45	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,065	625	445	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	85	95	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.3	1.7	2.0	2.3	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.5	1.7	1.8	1.5
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5	1.9	1.1	1.5	1.9	1.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.6	1.9	2.2	2.6	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	23,820	11,885	11,935	31.3	31.1	31.5
In bottom decile	3,235	1,705	1,530	4.3	4.5	4.0
In second decile	3,810	1,810	2,000	5.0	4.7	5.3
In third decile	4,655	2,305	2,350	6.1	6.0	6.2
In fourth decile	5,640	2,850	2,790	7.4	7.5	7.4
In fifth decile	6,485	3,215	3,265	8.5	8.4	8.6
In top half of the distribution	52,270	26,315	25,955	68.7	68.9	68.5
In sixth decile	7,450	3,685	3,760	9.8	9.6	9.9
In seventh decile	9,005	4,485	4,525	11.8	11.7	11.9
In eighth decile	10,310	5,160	5,150	13.5	13.5	13.6
In ninth decile	12,075	6,055	6,015	15.9	15.9	15.9
In top decile	13,430	6,930	6,500	17.7	18.1	17.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	76,085	...	...	76,085	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	69,675	35,655	34,020	91.5	93.3	89.8
French only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,480	1,805	2,675	5.9	4.7	7.1
Neither English nor French	1,935	740	1,195	2.5	1.9	3.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,320	37,090	36,225	96.3	97.1	95.6
French	575	260	320	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	320	140	180	0.4	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	1,905	730	1,175	2.5	1.9	3.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,195	36,270	35,920	94.8	94.9	94.8
Official languages	49,770	25,090	24,680	65.4	65.7	65.1
English	49,225	24,840	24,380	64.7	65.0	64.3
French	545	245	300	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official languages	22,420	11,180	11,245	29.5	29.3	29.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,420	11,180	11,245	29.5	29.3	29.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	550	280	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	545	275	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	195	95	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	125	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280	110	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	660	310	350	0.9	0.8	0.9
Kannada	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	525	245	290	0.7	0.6	0.8
Telugu	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,665	9,890	9,770	25.8	25.9	25.8
Albanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,850	880	975	2.4	2.3	2.6
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,815	855	955	2.4	2.2	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	730	345	385	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian	245	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	350	170	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	265	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Serbian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	615	295	325	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	205	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	415	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	10,670	5,510	5,160	14.0	14.4	13.6
Indo-Aryan languages	10,360	5,350	5,010	13.6	14.0	13.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	555	285	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindi	600	305	290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,465	4,375	4,090	11.1	11.4	10.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Urdu	525	265	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	155	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,300	3,110	3,195	8.3	8.1	8.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	4,110	2,055	2,055	5.4	5.4	5.4
Portuguese	1,080	545	545	1.4	1.4	1.4
Romanian	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	980	445	535	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505	235	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	500	230	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	160	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,930	1,950	1,980	5.2	5.1	5.2
English and French	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,350	1,690	1,665	4.4	4.4	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	52,470	26,505	25,960	68.9	69.4	68.5
French	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	6,095	3,020	3,075	8.0	7.9	8.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,095	3,020	3,075	8.0	7.9	8.1
English and French	585	265	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	16,000	8,000	8,000	21.0	20.9	21.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	450	180	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	405	185	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	72,280	36,280	36,000	95.0	94.9	95.0
Official languages	60,645	30,430	30,210	79.7	79.6	79.7
English	60,485	30,355	30,135	79.5	79.4	79.5
French	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	11,640	5,850	5,790	15.3	15.3	15.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,640	5,850	5,790	15.3	15.3	15.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	245	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	220	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	365	175	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,210	5,155	5,055	13.4	13.5	13.3
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	710	365	350	0.9	1.0	0.9
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	360	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,690	3,955	3,740	10.1	10.3	9.9
Indo-Aryan languages	7,550	3,880	3,670	9.9	10.2	9.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	350	180	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	340	175	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,420	3,310	3,110	8.4	8.7	8.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	315	160	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,695	785	905	2.2	2.1	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	990	455	535	1.3	1.2	1.4
Portuguese	275	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	370	165	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	300	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,835	1,940	1,900	5.0	5.1	5.0
English and French	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,635	1,845	1,790	4.8	4.8	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	76,120	38,215	37,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,730	31,130	30,600	81.1	81.5	80.7
English	4,510	2,335	2,180	5.9	6.1	5.8
French	545	240	305	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	7,665	3,710	3,955	10.1	9.7	10.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,665	3,710	3,955	10.1	9.7	10.4
English and French	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	665	335	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	235	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	700	345	350	0.9	0.9	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	74,170	37,495	36,675	97.5	98.2	96.8
English	74,125	37,475	36,655	97.4	98.1	96.7
French	4,515	1,840	2,675	5.9	4.8	7.1
Non-official languages	31,810	15,680	16,135	41.8	41.0	42.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,805	15,675	16,130	41.8	41.0	42.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	885	460	425	1.2	1.2	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	875	455	425	1.1	1.2	1.1
Amharic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	525	270	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185	75	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	485	180	305	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	430	150	280	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	1,000	475	520	1.3	1.2	1.4
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	830	395	435	1.1	1.0	1.1
Telugu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,055	13,945	14,105	36.9	36.5	37.2
Albanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,595	1,255	1,340	3.4	3.3	3.5
Baltic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,555	1,240	1,315	3.4	3.2	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	985	465	520	1.3	1.2	1.4
Russian	435	215	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	615	310	305	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	390	190	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbian	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukrainian	380	175	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,055	515	540	1.4	1.3	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	785	405	380	1.0	1.1	1.0
German	760	395	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	100	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	320	150	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	14,035	7,210	6,825	18.4	18.9	18.0
Indo-Aryan languages	13,690	7,035	6,655	18.0	18.4	17.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	645	325	325	0.8	0.9	0.9
Hindi	4,045	1,940	2,105	5.3	5.1	5.6
Kacchi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,515	5,965	5,545	15.1	15.6	14.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	1,105	535	565	1.5	1.4	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	375	190	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	360	180	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,365	4,985	5,380	13.6	13.0	14.2
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	7,035	3,385	3,650	9.2	8.9	9.6
Portuguese	1,570	805	765	2.1	2.1	2.0
Romanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,040	935	1,100	2.7	2.4	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	360	195	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	570	245	325	0.7	0.6	0.9
Chinese languages	560	240	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	190	260	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	165	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,085	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	620	325	290	0.8	0.9	0.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	580	315	270	0.8	0.8	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	250	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Métis	295	140	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	75,470	37,870	37,595	99.2	99.1	99.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,085	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,905	38,100	37,805	99.8	99.7	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,180	...	...	89.4	...	...
Renter	2,525	...	...	10.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	805	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not condominium	22,895	...	...	96.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	725	...	...	3.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,000	...	...	38.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,215	...	...	51.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,075	...	...	8.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,605	...	...	11.0	...	...
6 rooms	3,440	...	...	14.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,040	...	...	17.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,540	...	...	48.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,065	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	630	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,555	...	...	95.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,145	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,465	...	...	10.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,650	...	...	19.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,060	...	...	12.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,935	...	...	20.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,390	...	...	10.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,115	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,475	...	...	10.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,600	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,830	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	870	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,430	...	...	35.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,575	...	...	57.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,815	...	...	7.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,265	...	...	18.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,090	...	...	25.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,645	...	...	23.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,290	...	...	13.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	605	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,465	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,315	...	...	78.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,155	...	...	22.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,650	...	...	19.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,615	...	...	27.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,680	...	...	19.7	...	...
Not suitable only	835	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	580	...	...	2.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	17,090	...	...	72.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,755	...	...	7.6	...	...
Not in core need	21,205	...	...	92.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	64.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.8	...	...	19.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,040	...	...	2,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,142	...	...	2,142	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,212,000	...	...	1,212,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.4	...	...	40.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7	...	...	25.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,776	...	...	1,776	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	76,090	38,200	37,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Métis single ancestry	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	640	310	335	0.8	0.8	0.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	600	290	315	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	385	185	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	75,310	37,815	37,495	99.0	99.0	99.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	70,550	35,410	35,130	92.7	92.7	92.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,110	8,320	7,790	21.2	21.8	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,440	27,090	27,345	71.5	70.9	72.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,545	2,790	2,755	7.3	7.3	7.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,710	26,670	26,040	69.3	69.8	68.7
Immigrants⁸¹	22,220	10,775	11,440	29.2	28.2	30.2
Before 1980	6,430	3,150	3,280	8.5	8.2	8.7
1980 to 1990	2,870	1,380	1,485	3.8	3.6	3.9
1991 to 2000	4,640	2,245	2,395	6.1	5.9	6.3
2001 to 2010	5,130	2,605	2,530	6.7	6.8	6.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,150	1,400	1,755	4.1	3.7	4.6
2011 to 2015	1,615	735	885	2.1	1.9	2.3
2016 to 2021	1,535	665	865	2.0	1.7	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,155	750	405	1.5	2.0	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,225	10,780	11,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,140	1,030	1,105	9.6	9.6	9.7
5 to 14 years	3,995	2,040	1,955	18.0	18.9	17.1
15 to 24 years	6,275	2,895	3,385	28.2	26.9	29.6
25 to 44 years	7,795	3,915	3,875	35.1	36.3	33.9
45 years and over	2,020	900	1,125	9.1	8.3	9.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,225	10,780	11,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,745	1,305	1,435	12.4	12.1	12.5
Brazil	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	90	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
El Salvador	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	340	180	160	1.5	1.7	1.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	575	295	280	2.6	2.7	2.4
Mexico	120	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.7
Peru	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	350	160	190	1.6	1.5	1.7
United States of America	380	185	200	1.7	1.7	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	715	340	370	3.2	3.2	3.2
Europe	7,850	3,785	4,065	35.3	35.1	35.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatia	180	95	90	0.8	0.9	0.8
France	65	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	335	185	150	1.5	1.7	1.3
Greece	110	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungary	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	2,510	1,265	1,245	11.3	11.7	10.9
Netherlands	150	90	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Poland	695	295	395	3.1	2.7	3.5
Portugal	810	420	385	3.6	3.9	3.4
Romania	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian Federation	125	65	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	105	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ukraine	190	80	115	0.9	0.7	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,615	700	910	7.3	6.5	8.0
Other places of birth in Europe	700	320	380	3.1	3.0	3.3
Africa	730	345	380	3.3	3.2	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	100	40	65	0.4	0.4	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	185	105	85	0.8	1.0	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	345	135	205	1.6	1.3	1.8
Asia	10,800	5,295	5,510	48.6	49.1	48.2
Afghanistan	160	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	125	70	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iraq	285	165	120	1.3	1.5	1.0
Lebanon	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	355	165	190	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	430	155	275	1.9	1.4	2.4
Viet Nam	155	65	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	7,575	3,770	3,810	34.1	35.0	33.3
Pakistan	480	230	245	2.2	2.1	2.1
Sri Lanka	550	265	285	2.5	2.5	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	440	210	225	2.0	1.9	2.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,530	665	870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	125	45	80	8.2	6.8	9.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	20	20	2.9	3.0	2.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	1.3	0.0	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	55	15	40	3.6	2.3	4.6
Europe	150	75	80	9.8	11.3	9.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	25	2.9	3.8	2.9
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	1.0	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	2.9	3.8	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20	2.3	2.3	2.3
Africa	90	35	55	5.9	5.3	6.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	15	1.3	0.0	1.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	15	1.6	1.5	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.1
Asia	1,145	500	645	74.8	75.2	74.1
Afghanistan	10	10	10	0.7	1.5	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	2.3	2.3	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	840	390	455	54.9	58.6	52.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	25	10	15	1.6	1.5	1.7
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	40	30	4.2	6.0	3.4
Philippines	75	10	60	4.9	1.5	6.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	15	20	2.3	2.3	2.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.1
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	1.3	1.5	1.1
Australia	20	10	10	1.3	1.5	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	23,855	11,755	12,105	31.4	30.8	31.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,830	13,030	12,800	33.9	34.1	33.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	26,405	13,415	12,985	34.7	35.1	34.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,790	7,630	8,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,230	3,225	3,010	39.5	42.3	36.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,465	1,695	765	15.6	22.2	9.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,765	1,520	2,240	23.8	19.9	27.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,545	3,355	4,195	47.8	44.0	51.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,810	965	845	11.5	12.6	10.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	205	85	115	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,790	7,630	8,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	900	540	355	5.7	7.1	4.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,265	675	590	8.0	8.8	7.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185	85	100	1.2	1.1	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	605	345	260	3.8	4.5	3.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	160	95	65	1.0	1.2	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,675	5,890	6,785	80.3	77.2	83.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	76,085	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,015	12,505	12,510	32.9	32.7	33.0
South Asian	16,310	8,280	8,030	21.4	21.7	21.2
Chinese	750	365	385	1.0	1.0	1.0
Black	2,770	1,445	1,325	3.6	3.8	3.5
Filipino	735	260	475	1.0	0.7	1.3
Arab	495	275	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Latin American	1,310	635	670	1.7	1.7	1.8
Southeast Asian	370	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	565	265	300	0.7	0.7	0.8
Korean	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	875	425	450	1.2	1.1	1.2
Multiple visible minorities	615	295	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	51,070	25,690	25,380	67.1	67.3	67.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	76,090	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,095	4,240	3,855	10.6	11.1	10.2
English	10,320	5,075	5,245	13.6	13.3	13.8
Irish	7,880	3,735	4,145	10.4	9.8	10.9
Scottish	8,270	4,030	4,240	10.9	10.5	11.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,695	1,235	1,460	3.5	3.2	3.9
German	3,750	1,920	1,825	4.9	5.0	4.8
Chinese	1,025	505	520	1.3	1.3	1.4
Italian	17,630	8,960	8,670	23.2	23.5	22.9
Indian (India)	9,120	4,640	4,485	12.0	12.1	11.8
Ukrainian	1,660	805	855	2.2	2.1	2.3
Dutch	1,675	845	830	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	2,415	1,235	1,175	3.2	3.2	3.1
Québécois	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,445	1,225	1,220	3.2	3.2	3.2
Filipino	770	275	495	1.0	0.7	1.3
French Canadian	515	220	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	785	410	380	1.0	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis	270	120	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,105	475	630	1.5	1.2	1.7
Russian	495	230	265	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	290	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	820	485	330	1.1	1.3	0.9
Portuguese	3,320	1,745	1,580	4.4	4.6	4.2
American	520	240	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	815	380	445	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	205	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	585	240	345	0.8	0.6	0.9
Acadian	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	695	365	335	0.9	1.0	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	585	270	315	0.8	0.7	0.8
Jewish	265	135	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	3,390	1,730	1,660	4.5	4.5	4.4
Vietnamese	250	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	990	520	470	1.3	1.4	1.2
Jamaican	935	505	430	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	395	215	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	170	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	305	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	195	85	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355	185	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	2,655	1,345	1,315	3.5	3.5	3.5
Austrian	495	285	210	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgian	240	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	770	370	400	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mexican	220	125	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	195	130	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	655	305	345	0.9	0.8	0.9
Croatian	800	410	390	1.1	1.1	1.0
Japanese	120	55	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	520	240	280	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	305	150	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	265	140	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Icelandic	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombian	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	605	310	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afghan	275	140	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	305	175	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
Ojibway	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	270	175	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
Persian	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	510	235	275	0.7	0.6	0.7
Turkish	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	195	95	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	175	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Salvadorean	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
African Caribbean	265	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	240	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	265	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lithuanian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	110	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	110	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	590	295	295	0.8	0.8	0.8
Macedonian	270	155	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slovenian	300	90	210	0.4	0.2	0.6
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Israeli	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Barbadian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuban	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	255	135	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Igbo	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	76,085	38,200	37,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	365	170	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	44,495	21,615	22,880	58.5	56.6	60.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,580	2,230	2,350	6.0	5.8	6.2
Anabaptist	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,530	1,235	1,295	3.3	3.2	3.4
Baptist	540	255	285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catholic	29,060	14,260	14,800	38.2	37.3	39.1
Christian Orthodox	1,385	720	670	1.8	1.9	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	290	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	360	180	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	880	445	435	1.2	1.2	1.1
Presbyterian	915	350	560	1.2	0.9	1.5
Reformed	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	2,505	1,095	1,415	3.3	2.9	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,125	535	590	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hindu	3,545	1,735	1,815	4.7	4.5	4.8
Jewish	280	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	1,580	795	790	2.1	2.1	2.1
Sikh	10,865	5,630	5,230	14.3	14.7	13.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	290	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	14,665	7,955	6,700	19.3	20.8	17.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	75,410	37,840	37,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	67,820	34,115	33,705	89.9	90.2	89.7
Movers	7,590	3,725	3,865	10.1	9.8	10.3
Non-migrants	2,660	1,295	1,360	3.5	3.4	3.6
Migrants	4,935	2,425	2,505	6.5	6.4	6.7
Internal migrants	4,605	2,265	2,340	6.1	6.0	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,500	2,220	2,280	6.0	5.9	6.1
Interprovincial migrants	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	330	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	72,385	36,295	36,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,730	23,505	23,225	64.6	64.8	64.4
Movers	25,655	12,790	12,860	35.4	35.2	35.6
Non-migrants	4,985	2,475	2,510	6.9	6.8	7.0
Migrants	20,670	10,320	10,350	28.6	28.4	28.7
Internal migrants	18,770	9,240	9,525	25.9	25.5	26.4
Intraprovincial migrants	18,280	9,030	9,250	25.3	24.9	25.6
Interprovincial migrants	490	215	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
External migrants	1,905	1,080	825	2.6	3.0	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,935	31,460	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,230	5,345	4,885	16.3	17.0	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,705	26,120	26,585	83.7	83.0	84.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,700	20,140	20,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,365	1,980	1,385	8.3	9.8	6.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,340	18,160	19,175	91.7	90.2	93.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,935	31,460	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,520	4,900	4,620	15.1	15.6	14.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,470	9,395	9,080	29.3	29.9	28.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,950	17,170	17,775	55.5	54.6	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,430	9,900	8,530	29.3	31.5	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,780	2,895	895	6.0	9.2	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,685	1,095	590	2.7	3.5	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,100	1,800	305	3.3	5.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,165	6,245	6,920	20.9	19.9	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480	765	715	2.4	2.4	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,515	7,275	9,245	26.2	23.1	29.4
Bachelor's degree	11,635	5,035	6,590	18.5	16.0	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,240	575	670	2.0	1.8	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	150	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	3,065	1,350	1,720	4.9	4.3	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	275	165	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,705	20,140	20,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,960	1,725	1,235	7.3	8.6	6.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,500	5,430	5,070	25.8	27.0	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,240	12,985	14,255	66.9	64.5	69.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,080	7,400	6,680	34.6	36.7	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,645	2,015	630	6.5	10.0	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	725	430	2.8	3.6	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,485	1,285	200	3.6	6.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,350	4,840	5,505	25.4	24.0	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,085	545	540	2.7	2.7	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,160	5,580	7,575	32.3	27.7	36.8
Bachelor's degree	9,235	3,915	5,320	22.7	19.4	25.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	970	405	570	2.4	2.0	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	2,495	1,040	1,460	6.1	5.2	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,940	31,465	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,985	14,290	13,700	44.5	45.4	43.5
Education	2,080	380	1,700	3.3	1.2	5.4
13. Education	2,080	380	1,700	3.3	1.2	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,235	515	720	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	115	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,080	405	680	1.7	1.3	2.2
Humanities	2,290	815	1,475	3.6	2.6	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	30	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	425	75	350	0.7	0.2	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035	365	670	1.6	1.2	2.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	300	180	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685	1,415	3,275	7.4	4.5	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460	180	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	65	705	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	910	275	630	1.4	0.9	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	700	130	570	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,710	725	990	2.7	2.3	3.1
Business, management and public administration	8,185	3,740	4,445	13.0	11.9	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	480	100	390	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695	3,640	4,055	12.2	11.6	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,455	645	810	2.3	2.0	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530	215	310	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	470	190	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	360	210	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,535	980	550	2.4	3.1	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,200	835	370	1.9	2.7	1.2
25. Library science	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	120	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,225	6,660	565	11.5	21.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	325	245	75	0.5	0.8	0.2
14. Engineering	1,830	1,470	360	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460	1,355	105	2.3	4.3	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,550	1,545	0	2.5	4.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,425	1,410	10	2.3	4.5	0.0
48. Precision production	645	640	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	355	350	1.1	1.1	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	240	240	0.7	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	3,555	750	2,805	5.6	2.4	8.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535	250	285	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,980	475	2,510	4.7	1.5	8.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,990	920	1,075	3.2	2.9	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,015	225	790	1.6	0.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	705	480	230	1.1	1.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	260	205	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,700	20,140	20,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,465	7,155	6,310	33.1	35.5	30.7
Education	1,595	285	1,310	3.9	1.4	6.4
13. Education	1,595	285	1,310	3.9	1.4	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	975	410	575	2.4	2.0	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	90	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	855	315	540	2.1	1.6	2.6
Humanities	1,725	600	1,120	4.2	3.0	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	20	100	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	330	55	275	0.8	0.3	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835	295	540	2.1	1.5	2.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	205	115	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,730	1,045	2,685	9.2	5.2	13.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	120	215	0.8	0.6	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630	55	575	1.5	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	775	225	550	1.9	1.1	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	540	85	460	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,355	535	815	3.3	2.7	4.0
Business, management and public administration	6,720	3,015	3,705	16.5	15.0	18.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	70	300	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,340	2,940	3,400	15.6	14.6	16.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,080	445	635	2.7	2.2	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	155	240	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350	130	220	0.9	0.6	1.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	245	135	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,300	800	505	3.2	4.0	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,035	680	350	2.5	3.4	1.7
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	200	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,325	4,880	445	13.1	24.2	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	235	185	50	0.6	0.9	0.2
14. Engineering	1,360	1,035	325	3.3	5.1	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,085	1,020	65	2.7	5.1	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,215	1,215	0	3.0	6.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,015	1,010	0	2.5	5.0	0.0
48. Precision production	410	410	0	1.0	2.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485	225	265	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335	145	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	2,775	585	2,190	6.8	2.9	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	175	210	0.9	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,355	390	1,970	5.8	1.9	9.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,530	700	830	3.8	3.5	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	185	605	1.9	0.9	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	570	385	185	1.4	1.9	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	135	35	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,700	20,140	20,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,465	7,155	6,310	33.1	35.5	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,235	12,980	14,255	66.9	64.4	69.3
Location of study inside Canada	21,895	10,340	11,550	53.8	51.3	56.2
Same as province or territory of residence	20,955	9,920	11,040	51.5	49.3	53.7
Different than province or territory of residence	940	430	515	2.3	2.1	2.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,345	2,640	2,705	13.1	13.1	13.2
Americas	1,045	550	495	2.6	2.7	2.4
United States of America	740	415	325	1.8	2.1	1.6
Mexico	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	940	480	460	2.3	2.4	2.2
Belgium	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	140	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romania	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	375	175	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	50	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	180	105	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	3,095	1,450	1,640	7.6	7.2	8.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	130	35	95	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	2,380	1,115	1,260	5.8	5.5	6.1
Pakistan	145	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	62,935	31,460	31,475	...	...	...
In the labour force	43,140	22,865	20,275	...	...	...
Employed	38,305	20,655	17,650	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,835	2,210	2,625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	19,800	8,590	11,200	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.5	72.7	64.4	68.5	72.7	64.4
Employment rate	60.9	65.7	56.1	60.9	65.7	56.1
Unemployment rate	11.2	9.7	12.9	11.2	9.7	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	62,935	31,465	31,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,575	9,030	11,540	32.7	28.7	36.7
Worked	42,365	22,430	19,930	67.3	71.3	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,190	13,750	10,450	38.4	43.7	33.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,170	8,685	9,485	28.9	27.6	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.6	40.3	41.5	42.6	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,140	22,865	20,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	505	585	2.5	2.2	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,050	22,365	19,685	97.5	97.8	97.1
Employee	34,035	16,610	17,425	78.9	72.6	86.0
Permanent position	29,235	14,395	14,840	67.8	63.0	73.2
Temporary position	4,805	2,215	2,585	11.1	9.7	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,255	510	745	2.9	2.2	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,550	1,705	1,845	8.2	7.5	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,015	5,755	2,260	18.6	25.2	11.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,140	22,865	20,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	505	585	2.5	2.2	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,050	22,365	19,685	97.5	97.8	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	775	545	235	1.8	2.4	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,875	2,585	6,285	20.6	11.3	31.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,960	2,310	655	6.9	10.1	3.2
3 Health occupations	2,005	375	1,630	4.6	1.6	8.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,760	1,380	3,380	11.0	6.0	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,020	445	575	2.4	1.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	9,360	4,255	5,105	21.7	18.6	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,380	8,480	905	21.7	37.1	4.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	900	640	260	2.1	2.8	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,010	1,355	655	4.7	5.9	3.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,140	22,865	20,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	505	585	2.5	2.2	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	42,050	22,365	19,685	97.5	97.8	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	520	290	230	1.2	1.3	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	170	130	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	4,785	4,060	725	11.1	17.8	3.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,510	2,965	1,545	10.5	13.0	7.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,065	1,165	900	4.8	5.1	4.4
44-45 Retail trade	4,780	2,230	2,550	11.1	9.8	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,010	2,885	1,130	9.3	12.6	5.6
51 Information and cultural industries	725	410	320	1.7	1.8	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,870	810	1,060	4.3	3.5	5.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	965	525	440	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,360	1,825	1,535	7.8	8.0	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,765	1,025	745	4.1	4.5	3.7
61 Educational services	3,365	780	2,585	7.8	3.4	12.8
62 Health care and social assistance	3,235	505	2,725	7.5	2.2	13.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	670	320	350	1.6	1.4	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	1,475	530	940	3.4	2.3	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,745	910	840	4.0	4.0	4.1
91 Public administration	1,790	905	890	4.1	4.0	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,845	24,250	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,610	22,535	20,075	92.9	92.9	93.0
French	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	305	150	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	305	150	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	555	180	370	1.2	0.7	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,265	1,340	930	4.9	5.5	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,845	24,250	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,275	23,940	21,340	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	44,695	23,665	21,030	97.5	97.6	97.4
English	44,580	23,630	20,955	97.2	97.4	97.1
French	115	40	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	580	275	305	1.3	1.1	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	580	275	305	1.3	1.1	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	520	245	275	1.1	1.0	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	435	205	230	0.9	0.8	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	435	205	230	0.9	0.8	1.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	420	205	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	570	315	250	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	495	305	185	1.1	1.3	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,845	24,250	21,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,475	22,995	20,475	94.8	94.8	94.8
English	300	110	185	0.7	0.5	0.9
French	450	170	280	1.0	0.7	1.3
Non-official language	1,330	825	505	2.9	3.4	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,330	825	505	2.9	3.4	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	130	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,300	20,660	17,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,700	4,620	6,075	27.9	22.4	34.4
Worked outside Canada	90	80	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,730	4,650	1,080	15.0	22.5	6.1
Usual place of work	21,780	11,300	10,480	56.9	54.7	59.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,780	11,300	10,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,360	2,850	3,515	29.2	25.2	33.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,515	3,995	3,520	34.5	35.4	33.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,860	4,425	3,435	36.1	39.2	32.8
Commute to a different province or territory	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,515	15,955	11,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,200	15,365	10,835	95.2	96.3	93.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,330	14,510	9,820	88.4	90.9	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,865	855	1,010	6.8	5.4	8.7
Public transit	340	170	180	1.2	1.1	1.6
Walked	460	210	250	1.7	1.3	2.2
Bicycle	40	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other method	470	180	285	1.7	1.1	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,515	15,955	11,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,835	2,305	2,530	17.6	14.4	21.9
15 to 29 minutes	6,970	3,720	3,255	25.3	23.3	28.2
30 to 44 minutes	8,760	5,350	3,400	31.8	33.5	29.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,940	2,455	1,485	14.3	15.4	12.8
60 minutes and over	3,010	2,120	890	10.9	13.3	7.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,515	15,955	11,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,955	2,350	600	10.7	14.7	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,925	3,435	1,490	17.9	21.5	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,570	3,385	3,190	23.9	21.2	27.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,610	2,740	2,875	20.4	17.2	24.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,875	1,730	2,145	14.1	10.8	18.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,575	2,310	1,265	13.0	14.5	10.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,855	8,690	8,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	610	595	7.1	7.0	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,655	8,080	7,575	92.9	93.0	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,870	6,650	6,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970	490	485	7.5	7.4	7.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560	285	275	4.4	4.3	4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	205	210	3.2	3.1	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,900	6,160	5,740	92.5	92.6	92.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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