Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Caledon, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	76,581
Population, 2016¹	66,502^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.2
Total private dwellings²	24,795
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,699
Population density per square kilometre	111.2
Land area in square kilometres	688.82
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	76,580
0 to 14 years	13,155
0 to 4 years	3,705
5 to 9 years	4,370
10 to 14 years	5,080
15 to 64 years	52,025
15 to 19 years	5,555
20 to 24 years	5,435
25 to 29 years	4,340
30 to 34 years	4,285
35 to 39 years	4,680
40 to 44 years	5,155
45 to 49 years	5,560
50 to 54 years	6,225
55 to 59 years	6,115
60 to 64 years	4,670
65 years and over	11,395
65 to 69 years	3,640
70 to 74 years	3,080
75 to 79 years	2,160
80 to 84 years	1,435
85 years and over	1,085
85 to 89 years	760
90 to 94 years	260
95 to 99 years	60
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2
15 to 64 years	67.9
65 years and over	14.9
85 years and over	1.4
Average age of the population	40.0
Median age of the population	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,700
Single-detached house	19,120
Semi-detached house	1,650
Row house	1,825
Apartment or flat in a duplex	335
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	480
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	255
Other single-attached house	15
Movable dwelling⁴	15
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,700
1 person	3,140
2 persons	6,260
3 persons	4,295
4 persons	5,710
5 or more persons	4,295
Number of persons in private households	76,090
Average household size	3.2
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	63,425
Married or living common-law	39,430
Married	35,890
Living common-law	3,545
Living common law - Never married	2,190
Living common law - Separated	195
Living common law - Divorced	1,060
Living common law - Widowed	105
Not married and not living common-law	24,000
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,280
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,330
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,685
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	21,930
2 persons	8,345
3 persons	4,865
4 persons	6,330
5 or more persons	2,385
Average size of census families	3.2
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	21,925
Total couple families	19,290
Married couples	17,520
With children⁶	11,585
Without children	5,930
Common-law couples	1,770
With children⁶	795
Without children	975
Total one-parent families	2,640
in which the parent is a woman+	2,000
in which the parent is a man+	640
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	76,090
Total - Persons in census families	69,055
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,580
Parents in one-parent families	2,640
Children⁶	27,840
In a two-parent family	23,585
In a one-parent family	4,255
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,030
Living alone	3,145
Living with other relatives⁷	2,370
Living with non-relatives only	1,520
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,700
One-census-family households without additional persons	16,590
Couple-family households	14,870
With children⁶	9,805
Without children	5,060
One-parent-family households	1,725
Multigenerational households⁸	2,145
Multiple-census-family households⁹	430
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	895
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	495
One-person households	3,145
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	62,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,330
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,390
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,970
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,485
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,535
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,490
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	62,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,240
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,290
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,045
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,485
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,685
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,450
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,015
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	62,935
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,380
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,950
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	62,940
Without total income	2,610
With total income	60,325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,465
$10,000 to $19,999	7,170
$20,000 to $29,999	8,310
$30,000 to $39,999	6,650
$40,000 to $49,999	5,600
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025
$70,000 to $79,999	3,345
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890
$90,000 to $99,999	2,395
$100,000 and over	9,600
$100,000 to $149,999	6,350
$150,000 and over	3,250
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	62,940
Without after-tax income	2,550
With after-tax income	60,390
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,795
$10,000 to $19,999	7,490
$20,000 to $29,999	9,395
$30,000 to $39,999	7,660
$40,000 to $49,999	6,725
$50,000 to $59,999	5,515
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420
$70,000 to $79,999	3,545
$80,000 to $89,999	3,160
$90,000 to $99,999	1,905
$100,000 and over	4,775
$100,000 to $124,999	2,360
$125,000 and over	2,415
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	62,940
Without employment income	16,450
With employment income	46,485
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,055
$5,000 to $9,999	3,730
$10,000 to $19,999	5,180
$20,000 to $29,999	4,005
$30,000 to $39,999	3,460
$40,000 to $49,999	3,415
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905
$70,000 to $79,999	2,465
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250
$90,000 to $99,999	2,035
$100,000 and over	7,705
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630
$125,000 and over	4,075
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	62,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,715
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,165
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,540
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,765
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,895
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	62,935
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,815
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,835
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	46,465
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,050
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,860
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,065
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,860
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	62,935
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,275
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,065
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4
Employment income (%)	76.4
Government transfers (%)	8.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,700
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,145
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,555
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,700
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	155,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	125,400
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,160
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	74,400
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,535
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,700
Under $5,000	120
$5,000 to $9,999	55
$10,000 to $14,999	90
$15,000 to $19,999	245
$20,000 to $24,999	320
$25,000 to $29,999	390
$30,000 to $34,999	315
$35,000 to $39,999	380
$40,000 to $44,999	410
$45,000 to $49,999	425
$50,000 to $59,999	890
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000
$70,000 to $79,999	1,065
$80,000 to $89,999	1,155
$90,000 to $99,999	1,145
$100,000 and over	15,705
$100,000 to $124,999	2,905
$125,000 to $149,999	2,790
$150,000 to $199,999	4,415
$200,000 and over	5,590
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,700
Under $5,000	175
$5,000 to $9,999	55
$10,000 to $14,999	90
$15,000 to $19,999	260
$20,000 to $24,999	350
$25,000 to $29,999	430
$30,000 to $34,999	340
$35,000 to $39,999	440
$40,000 to $44,999	490
$45,000 to $49,999	525
$50,000 to $59,999	1,120
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285
$70,000 to $79,999	1,400
$80,000 to $89,999	1,465
$90,000 to $99,999	1,445
$100,000 and over	13,835
$100,000 to $124,999	3,670
$125,000 to $149,999	3,125
$150,000 and over	7,035
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,330
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000
Average family size of economic families	3.5
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,235
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,345
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,140
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,670
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,295
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,195
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,375
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,115
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,900
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,650
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	76,090
0 to 17 years	16,450
0 to 5 years	4,505
18 to 64 years	48,395
65 years and over	11,245
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,430
0 to 17 years	780
0 to 5 years	235
18 to 64 years	1,885
65 years and over	765
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9
65 years and over (%)	6.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	76,085
0 to 17 years	16,450
0 to 5 years	4,510
18 to 64 years	48,395
65 years and over	11,245
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,520
0 to 17 years	275
0 to 5 years	70
18 to 64 years	1,065
65 years and over	180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7
0 to 5 years (%)	1.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	76,090
In bottom half of the distribution	23,820
In bottom decile	3,235
In second decile	3,810
In third decile	4,655
In fourth decile	5,640
In fifth decile	6,485
In top half of the distribution	52,270
In sixth decile	7,450
In seventh decile	9,005
In eighth decile	10,310
In ninth decile	12,075
In top decile	13,430
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	76,085
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	76,120
English only	69,675
French only	30
English and French	4,480
Neither English nor French	1,935
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	76,120
English	73,320
French	575
English and French	320
Neither English nor French	1,905
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	76,120
Single responses	72,195
Official languages	49,770
English	49,225
French	545
Non-official languages	22,420
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	550
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	545
Amharic	5
Arabic	275
Aramaic languages	195
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	60
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	315
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	280
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	660
Kannada	15
Malayalam	70
Tamil	525
Telugu	45
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	19,665
Albanian	30
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	1,850
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	1,815
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	65
Macedonian	80
Polish	730
Russian	245
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	350
Bosnian	10
Croatian	265
Serbian	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	85
Ukrainian	195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	615
Frisian	0
High German languages	425
German	415
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	140
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	180
Indo-Iranian languages	10,670
Indo-Aryan languages	10,360
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	555
Hindi	600
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	5
Marathi	15
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	5
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,465
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120
Urdu	525
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	305
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	290
Dari	135
Iranian Persian	120
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,300
Catalan	0
Italian	4,110
Portuguese	1,080
Romanian	125
Spanish	980
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	85
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	175
Akan (Twi)	95
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	505
Chinese languages	500
Hakka	5
Mandarin	345
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	20
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	50
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	45
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	165
Estonian	15
Finnish	15
Hungarian	135
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,930
English and French	245
English and non-official language(s)	3,350
French and non-official language(s)	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	85
Multiple non-official languages	220
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	76,120
English	52,470
French	100
Non-official language	6,095
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	6,095
English and French	585
English and non-official language(s)	16,000
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	450
Multiple non-official languages	405
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	76,120
Single responses	72,280
Official languages	60,645
English	60,485
French	155
Non-official languages	11,640
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,640
Afro-Asiatic languages	250
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	245
Amharic	0
Arabic	130
Aramaic languages	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	80
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	120
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	440
Kannada	5
Malayalam	45
Tamil	365
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	10,210
Albanian	5
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	710
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	695
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	20
Macedonian	20
Polish	285
Russian	140
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	100
Bosnian	0
Croatian	70
Serbian	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	95
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	55
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	45
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	7,690
Indo-Aryan languages	7,550
Assamese	0
Bengali	20
Gujarati	350
Hindi	340
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	5
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	20
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,420
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60
Urdu	315
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	145
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	140
Dari	65
Iranian Persian	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,695
Catalan	0
Italian	990
Portuguese	275
Romanian	55
Spanish	370
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	60
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	305
Chinese languages	300
Hakka	0
Mandarin	245
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	45
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,835
English and French	110
English and non-official language(s)	3,635
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	76,120
None	61,730
English	4,510
French	545
Non-official language	7,665
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	7,665
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	665
French and non-official language(s)	235
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	700
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	76,090
Official languages	74,170
English	74,125
French	4,515
Non-official languages	31,810
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,805
Afro-Asiatic languages	885
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	15
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	875
Amharic	15
Arabic	525
Aramaic languages	330
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	255
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	100
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	65
Maltese	75
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	170
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	485
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	430
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	165
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	60
Krio	0
Morisyen	25
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40
Dravidian languages	1,000
Kannada	30
Malayalam	135
Tamil	830
Telugu	75
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	28,055
Albanian	20
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	2,595
Baltic languages	45
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	20
Slavic languages	2,555
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	115
Macedonian	135
Polish	985
Russian	435
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	615
Bosnian	0
Croatian	390
Serbian	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	115
Ukrainian	380
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	35
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,055
Frisian	0
High German languages	785
German	760
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	220
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	15
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	320
Indo-Iranian languages	14,035
Indo-Aryan languages	13,690
Assamese	0
Bengali	50
Gujarati	645
Hindi	4,045
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	25
Konkani	0
Marathi	50
Nepali	45
Oriya languages	25
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,515
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170
Urdu	1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	375
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	360
Dari	185
Iranian Persian	150
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,365
Catalan	10
Italian	7,035
Portuguese	1,570
Romanian	105
Spanish	2,040
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	60
Korean	120
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	360
Akan (Twi)	115
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	25
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	30
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	65
American Sign Language	60
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	570
Chinese languages	560
Hakka	0
Mandarin	450
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	160
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	55
Lao	35
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	70
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	70
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	200
Estonian	10
Finnish	20
Hungarian	165
Other languages, n.i.e.	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,085
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	620
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	580
First Nations (North American Indian)	250
Métis	295
Inuk (Inuit)	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35
Non-Indigenous identity	75,470
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	76,085
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,700
Owner	21,180
Renter	2,525
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,700
Condominium	805
Not condominium	22,895
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,700
No bedrooms	55
1 bedroom	725
2 bedrooms	1,705
3 bedrooms	9,000
4 or more bedrooms	12,215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,700
1 to 4 rooms	2,075
5 rooms	2,605
6 rooms	3,440
7 rooms	4,040
8 or more rooms	11,540
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,700
One person or fewer per room	23,065
More than one person per room	630
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,700
Suitable	22,555
Not suitable	1,145
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,700
1960 or before	2,465
1961 to 1980	4,650
1981 to 1990	3,060
1991 to 2000	4,935
2001 to 2005	2,390
2006 to 2010	1,115
2011 to 2015	2,475
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,600
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,700
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,830
Major repairs needed	870
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,700
One-maintainer household	8,430
Two-maintainer household	13,575
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,700
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,700
15 to 24 years	110
25 to 34 years	1,815
35 to 44 years	4,265
45 to 54 years	6,090
55 to 64 years	5,645
65 to 74 years	3,290
75 to 84 years	1,880
85 years and over	605
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,465
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,315
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,155
30% to less than 100%	4,650
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,700
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,615
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,680
Not suitable only	835
Major repairs needed only	580
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	225
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35
Acceptable housing	17,090
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	22,965
In core need	1,755
Not in core need	21,205
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,020
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.8
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,040
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,142
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,212,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,500
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.4
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,776
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	76,090
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	135
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	135
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	75
Métis single ancestry	65
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	640
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	600
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	385
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	75,310
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	76,090
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	70,550
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,110
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	54,440
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,545
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	76,090
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	52,710
Immigrants⁸¹	22,220
Before 1980	6,430
1980 to 1990	2,870
1991 to 2000	4,640
2001 to 2010	5,130
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,150
2011 to 2015	1,615
2016 to 2021	1,535
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,155
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	22,225
Under 5 years	2,140
5 to 14 years	3,995
15 to 24 years	6,275
25 to 44 years	7,795
45 years and over	2,020
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	22,225
Americas	2,745
Brazil	55
Colombia	90
El Salvador	95
Guyana	340
Haiti	0
Jamaica	575
Mexico	120
Peru	25
Trinidad and Tobago	350
United States of America	380
Other places of birth in Americas	715
Europe	7,850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60
Croatia	180
France	65
Germany	335
Greece	110
Hungary	70
Italy	2,510
Netherlands	150
Poland	695
Portugal	810
Romania	130
Russian Federation	125
Serbia⁸⁶	105
Ukraine	190
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,615
Other places of birth in Europe	700
Africa	730
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Egypt	100
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	10
Nigeria	185
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	50
Other places of birth in Africa	345
Asia	10,800
Afghanistan	160
Iran⁸⁸	125
Iraq	285
Lebanon	50
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	45
China⁹⁰	355
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
Korea, South⁹²	85
Taiwan	10
Philippines	430
Viet Nam	155
Bangladesh	25
India	7,575
Pakistan	480
Sri Lanka	550
Other places of birth in Asia	440
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,530
Americas	125
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	0
United States of America	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other places of birth in Americas	55
Europe	150
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	45
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	90
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	25
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	1,145
Afghanistan	10
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	840
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	25
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	65
Philippines	75
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	35
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	10
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10
Oceania and other⁹³	20
Australia	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	76,090
First generation¹⁰⁰	23,855
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,830
Third generation or more¹⁰²	26,405
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,790
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,230
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,465
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,545
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,810
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	205
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,790
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	900
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,265
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	185
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	605
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	160
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,675
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	76,085
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	25,015
South Asian	16,310
Chinese	750
Black	2,770
Filipino	735
Arab	495
Latin American	1,310
Southeast Asian	370
West Asian	565
Korean	145
Japanese	80
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	875
Multiple visible minorities	615
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	51,070
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	76,090
Canadian	8,095
English	10,320
Irish	7,880
Scottish	8,270
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,695
German	3,750
Chinese	1,025
Italian	17,630
Indian (India)	9,120
Ukrainian	1,660
Dutch	1,675
Polish	2,415
Québécois	110
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,445
Filipino	770
French Canadian	515
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	785
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	200
Métis	270
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,105
Russian	495
Norwegian	290
Welsh	820
Portuguese	3,320
American	520
Spanish	815
Swedish	205
Hungarian	585
Acadian	115
Pakistani	695
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	585
Jewish	265
Punjabi	3,390
Vietnamese	250
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185
Greek	990
Jamaican	935
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	395
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25
Korean	170
Romanian	305
Lebanese	195
Iranian	200
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	355
Danish	250
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70
Sikh	2,655
Austrian	495
Belgian	240
Haitian	0
Hindu	770
Mexican	220
Mennonite	30
Swiss	195
Finnish	220
Sri Lankan	655
Croatian	800
Japanese	120
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	520
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110
Muslim	145
Egyptian	145
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	305
Tamil	265
Icelandic	45
Colombian	170
Moroccan	25
Czech	240
Syrian	50
Guyanese	605
Afghan	275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	120
Serbian	305
Ojibway	45
Newfoundlander	155
Hong Konger	10
Ontarian	270
Persian	115
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	510
Turkish	160
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45
Bangladeshi	15
Algerian	0
Brazilian	90
Nigerian	145
Armenian	55
Slovak	195
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80
Somali	0
Taiwanese	10
Iraqi	175
Salvadorean	170
African Caribbean	265
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	185
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	240
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	265
Lithuanian	85
South African	75
Australian	110
Palestinian	60
Chilean	110
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	35
Ethiopian	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125
Peruvian	50
Yoruba	40
Cambodian (Khmer)	40
Berber	0
Albanian	55
Maltese	590
Macedonian	270
Slovenian	300
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0
New Brunswicker	40
Gujarati	135
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	130
Israeli	60
Mohawk	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30
Bulgarian	35
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	135
Barbadian	80
African American	45
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115
Cuban	80
Bosnian	60
Venezuelan	65
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	50
Bengali	10
Cameroonian	25
Guatemalan	20
Indonesian	30
Laotian	40
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	210
Franco Ontarian	30
Argentinian	130
Estonian	65
Kurdish	0
Fijian	20
Jatt	255
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65
Coptic	30
Thai	25
Dominican	10
Nepali	90
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	150
Igbo	25
Byelorussian	55
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	20
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30
Malaysian	65
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	20
Gaspesian	10
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	75
Mauritian	35
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	40
Jordanian	80
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	15
Malayali	0
Chaldean	80
Sinhalese	70
Mayan	0
Honduran	20
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	40
Flemish	20
United Empire Loyalist	30
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	40
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	45
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	10
Mongolian	0
Azorean	30
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	10
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	90
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	60
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	30
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	20
Karen	0
Edo	20
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	76,085
Buddhist	365
Christian	44,495
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,580
Anabaptist	70
Anglican	2,530
Baptist	540
Catholic	29,060
Christian Orthodox	1,385
Jehovah's Witness	290
Latter Day Saints	90
Lutheran	360
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	880
Presbyterian	915
Reformed	80
United Church	2,505
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,125
Hindu	3,545
Jewish	280
Muslim	1,580
Sikh	10,865
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	290
No religion and secular perspectives	14,665
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	75,410
Non-movers	67,820
Movers	7,590
Non-migrants	2,660
Migrants	4,935
Internal migrants	4,605
Intraprovincial migrants	4,500
Interprovincial migrants	105
External migrants	330
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	72,385
Non-movers	46,730
Movers	25,655
Non-migrants	4,985
Migrants	20,670
Internal migrants	18,770
Intraprovincial migrants	18,280
Interprovincial migrants	490
External migrants	1,905
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,935
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,230
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,705
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,700
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,365
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,340
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,935
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,520
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,470
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,950
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,780
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,100
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,480
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,515
Bachelor's degree	11,635
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300
Master's degree	3,065
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	275
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,705
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,960
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,240
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,080
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,645
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,485
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,350
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,085
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,160
Bachelor's degree	9,235
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	970
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	260
Master's degree	2,495
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,985
Education	2,080
13. Education	2,080
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155
50. Visual and performing arts	1,080
Humanities	2,290
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195
23. English language and literature/letters	425
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,035
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115
39. Theology and religious vocations	90
54. History	300
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	460
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770
22. Legal professions and studies	910
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90
42. Psychology	700
45. Social sciences	1,710
Business, management and public administration	8,185
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,695
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,455
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	470
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	360
41. Science technologies/technicians	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,535
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,200
25. Library science	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	240
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,225
04. Architecture and related services	325
14. Engineering	1,830
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,550
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,425
48. Precision production	645
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470
03. Natural resources and conservation	225
Health and related fields	3,555
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	535
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,990
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,015
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	705
49. Transportation and materials moving	260
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,465
Education	1,595
13. Education	1,595
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	975
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125
50. Visual and performing arts	855
Humanities	1,725
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115
23. English language and literature/letters	330
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	835
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	75
54. History	205
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,730
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	630
22. Legal professions and studies	775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60
42. Psychology	540
45. Social sciences	1,355
Business, management and public administration	6,720
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	370
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,340
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,080
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	245
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,300
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,035
25. Library science	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,325
04. Architecture and related services	235
14. Engineering	1,360
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,085
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,215
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,015
48. Precision production	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	335
03. Natural resources and conservation	150
Health and related fields	2,775
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,355
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,530
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	570
49. Transportation and materials moving	175
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,700
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,235
Location of study inside Canada	21,895
Same as province or territory of residence	20,955
Different than province or territory of residence	940
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,345
Americas	1,045
United States of America	740
Mexico	60
Cuba	15
Haiti	0
Jamaica	55
Brazil	0
Colombia	25
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25
Other locations of study in Americas	110
Europe	940
Belgium	20
France	0
Germany	50
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	10
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	140
Romania	50
Russian Federation	55
Ukraine	40
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	30
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	110
Africa	180
Nigeria	55
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	50
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	60
Asia	3,095
Iran⁸⁸	15
Iraq	85
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	30
China⁹⁰	160
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	20
Philippines	130
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	50
India	2,380
Pakistan	145
Other locations of study in Asia	50
Oceania	90
Australia	70
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	62,935
In the labour force	43,140
Employed	38,305
Unemployed	4,835
Not in the labour force	19,800
Participation rate	68.5
Employment rate	60.9
Unemployment rate	11.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	62,935
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,575
Worked	42,365
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,190
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,170
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	43,140
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,050
Employee	34,035
Permanent position	29,235
Temporary position	4,805
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,255
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,550
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,015
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	43,140
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,050
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	775
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,875
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,960
3 Health occupations	2,005
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,760
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,020
6 Sales and service occupations	9,360
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,380
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	900
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,010
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	43,140
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090
All industries¹⁹¹	42,050
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	520
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60
22 Utilities	170
23 Construction	4,785
31-33 Manufacturing	4,510
41 Wholesale trade	2,065
44-45 Retail trade	4,780
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,010
51 Information and cultural industries	725
52 Finance and insurance	1,870
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	965
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,360
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,765
61 Educational services	3,365
62 Health care and social assistance	3,235
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	670
72 Accommodation and food services	1,475
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,745
91 Public administration	1,790
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,845
English	42,610
French	60
Non-official language	305
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	305
English and French	555
English and non-official language(s)	2,265
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,845
Single responses	45,275
Official languages	44,695
English	44,580
French	115
Non-official languages	580
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	580
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	520
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	435
Indo-Aryan languages	435
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	420
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55
Catalan	0
Italian	30
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	570
English and French	65
English and non-official language(s)	495
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,845
None	43,475
English	300
French	450
Non-official language	1,330
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,330
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	235
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,300
Worked at home	10,700
Worked outside Canada	90
No fixed workplace address	5,730
Usual place of work	21,780
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,780
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,860
Commute to a different province or territory	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	27,515
Car, truck or van	26,200
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,330
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,865
Public transit	340
Walked	460
Bicycle	40
Other method	470
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	27,515
Less than 15 minutes	4,835
15 to 29 minutes	6,970
30 to 44 minutes	8,760
45 to 59 minutes	3,940
60 minutes and over	3,010
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	27,515
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,955
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,925
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,570
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,610
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,875
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,575
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,855
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,655
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,870
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	560
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,900

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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