Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Puslinch, Township (TP)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	7,944	...	...
Population, 2016¹	7,336	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,946	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,857	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	37.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	214.82	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	7,945	4,040	3,905
0 to 14 years	1,110	605	505
0 to 4 years	290	145	140
5 to 9 years	355	190	165
10 to 14 years	470	265	200
15 to 64 years	5,010	2,540	2,470
15 to 19 years	495	245	245
20 to 24 years	440	230	205
25 to 29 years	325	170	155
30 to 34 years	290	155	140
35 to 39 years	370	180	195
40 to 44 years	475	240	240
45 to 49 years	550	270	275
50 to 54 years	650	325	325
55 to 59 years	710	365	345
60 to 64 years	700	350	355
65 years and over	1,825	895	925
65 to 69 years	555	285	275
70 to 74 years	530	245	280
75 to 79 years	360	180	175
80 to 84 years	210	110	105
85 years and over	165	75	95
85 to 89 years	120	60	65
90 to 94 years	30	15	20
95 to 99 years	15	0	10
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	15.0	12.9
15 to 64 years	63.1	62.9	63.3
65 years and over	23.0	22.2	23.7
85 years and over	2.1	1.9	2.4
Average age of the population	45.5	44.8	46.2
Median age of the population	49.2	48.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,855	...	...
Single-detached house	2,680	...	...
Semi-detached house	10	...	...
Row house	10	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,860	...	...
1 person	505	...	...
2 persons	1,090	...	...
3 persons	435	...	...
4 persons	470	...	...
5 or more persons	360	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,905	4,030	3,880
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	6,830	3,435	3,395
Married or living common-law	4,585	2,295	2,295
Married	3,975	1,990	1,990
Living common-law	605	305	300
Living common law - Never married	320	165	150
Living common law - Separated	40	20	25
Living common law - Divorced	225	110	120
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	10
Not married and not living common-law	2,245	1,140	1,105
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,520	855	670
Not married and not living common law - Separated	130	70	55
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	270	130	140
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	325	85	240
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,460	...	...
2 persons	1,285	...	...
3 persons	470	...	...
4 persons	475	...	...
5 or more persons	235	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,465	...	...
Total couple families	2,265	...	...
Married couples	1,960	...	...
With children⁶	1,010	...	...
Without children	950	...	...
Common-law couples	305	...	...
With children⁶	100	...	...
Without children	205	...	...
Total one-parent families	195	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	130	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	70	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	7,910	4,030	3,875
Total - Persons in census families	7,100	3,625	3,470
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,530	2,270	2,260
Parents in one-parent families	195	70	130
Children⁶	2,370	1,290	1,085
In a two-parent family	2,085	1,115	970
In a one-parent family	285	175	115
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	810	400	410
Living alone	505	250	255
Living with other relatives⁷	165	65	105
Living with non-relatives only	140	95	45
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,855	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,025	...	...
Couple-family households	1,895	...	...
With children⁶	925	...	...
Without children	970	...	...
One-parent-family households	130	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	90	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	45	...	...
One-person households	505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	6,795	3,425	3,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,610	3,335	3,280
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,000	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,625	3,340	3,285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,600	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,225	3,185	3,050
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,855	2,545	2,310
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	51,600	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,715	2,875	2,840
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	6,320	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	145	200
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,480	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,595	795	795
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	6,800	3,425	3,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,630	3,340	3,285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	95,400	126,400	63,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,635	3,345	3,285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,000	87,600	50,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,175	3,140	3,025
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,400	125,900	59,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,855	2,570	2,280
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	86,900	119,200	50,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,720	2,860	2,855
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,760	9,300	10,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	130	190
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,240	4,600	7,350
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,635	810	820
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,330	8,300	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	6,800	3,425	3,370
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,375	1,380	990
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	92,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	147,000	191,200	85,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,865	905	960
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	43,100	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	91.2	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	72.6	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.8	6.3	13.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.1	0.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.5	1.8	3.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2	1.6	3.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	6,800	3,425	3,375
Without total income	185	90	90
With total income	6,615	3,330	3,280
Under $10,000 (including loss)	590	250	340
$10,000 to $19,999	685	275	410
$20,000 to $29,999	835	375	460
$30,000 to $39,999	650	305	350
$40,000 to $49,999	595	280	315
$50,000 to $59,999	485	225	255
$60,000 to $69,999	430	205	225
$70,000 to $79,999	345	190	155
$80,000 to $89,999	300	155	145
$90,000 to $99,999	240	135	110
$100,000 and over	1,460	945	515
$100,000 to $149,999	730	440	290
$150,000 and over	730	510	225
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	6,800	3,425	3,375
Without after-tax income	175	85	85
With after-tax income	6,625	3,340	3,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	650	275	375
$10,000 to $19,999	730	295	430
$20,000 to $29,999	945	420	525
$30,000 to $39,999	755	355	395
$40,000 to $49,999	700	330	365
$50,000 to $59,999	560	265	295
$60,000 to $69,999	440	235	200
$70,000 to $79,999	365	200	165
$80,000 to $89,999	290	165	130
$90,000 to $99,999	235	140	95
$100,000 and over	955	645	310
$100,000 to $124,999	355	235	125
$125,000 and over	595	415	185
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	6,800	3,425	3,375
Without employment income	1,940	880	1,065
With employment income	4,850	2,545	2,305
Under $5,000 (including loss)	805	360	445
$5,000 to $9,999	350	170	185
$10,000 to $19,999	500	255	250
$20,000 to $29,999	340	150	185
$30,000 to $39,999	295	145	150
$40,000 to $49,999	340	155	185
$50,000 to $59,999	305	140	165
$60,000 to $69,999	275	135	135
$70,000 to $79,999	205	115	85
$80,000 to $89,999	205	110	95
$90,000 to $99,999	190	100	90
$100,000 and over	1,040	695	345
$100,000 to $124,999	330	200	130
$125,000 and over	705	500	210
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	6,795	3,425	3,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,445	3,250	3,195
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	59,200	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,445	3,250	3,195
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,095	3,110	2,985
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,400	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,865	2,550	2,310
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	54,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,330	2,720	2,610
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,820	840	4,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	255	110	145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,640	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	6,800	3,425	3,370
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,455	3,260	3,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	91,300	121,100	60,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,455	3,260	3,190
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,000	83,500	48,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,090	3,095	2,995
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	90,400	121,500	58,150
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,940	2,615	2,325
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	84,100	113,000	51,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,345	2,750	2,595
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,210	6,810	7,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	255	110	145
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250	8,200	6,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	6,800	3,425	3,370
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,350	1,370	980
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	93,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	140,800	180,600	85,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,850	890	960
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,400	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,040	47,000	29,750
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.4	95.2	89.8
Employment income (%)	70.6	74.8	61.8
Government transfers (%)	6.5	4.8	10.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,860	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,355	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,860	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	221,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	160,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	505	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,350	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	250,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	180,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,860	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	45	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	55	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	40	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	65	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	70	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	135	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	115	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	130	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	125	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	240	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	400	...	...
$200,000 and over	875	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,860	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	50	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	80	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	85	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	80	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	160	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	175	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	155	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	135	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	340	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	280	...	...
$150,000 and over	980	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,330	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	995	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,115	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	640	345	300
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	49,200	45,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	42,800	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,330	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	251,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	181,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	985	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	202,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,115	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	314,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	225,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	625	365	260
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	74,400	77,600	70,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	57,600	59,600	54,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	7,905	4,030	3,880
0 to 17 years	1,415	760	655
0 to 5 years	345	185	160
18 to 64 years	4,695	2,380	2,315
65 years and over	1,800	890	905
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	420	215	205
0 to 17 years	70	40	30
0 to 5 years	10	5	0
18 to 64 years	245	125	120
65 years and over	110	50	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.3	5.3	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	3.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.2
65 years and over (%)	5.9	5.2	6.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	7,910	4,030	3,875
0 to 17 years	1,415	755	655
0 to 5 years	345	185	160
18 to 64 years	4,695	2,380	2,315
65 years and over	1,795	890	905
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	150	85	65
0 to 17 years	20	15	10
0 to 5 years	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	105	60	40
65 years and over	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	2.1	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.8	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.6	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	7,905	4,030	3,880
In bottom half of the distribution	2,070	1,060	1,005
In bottom decile	375	205	175
In second decile	400	195	205
In third decile	385	200	180
In fourth decile	460	235	225
In fifth decile	450	230	215
In top half of the distribution	5,840	2,965	2,870
In sixth decile	615	300	310
In seventh decile	690	345	340
In eighth decile	1,005	515	480
In ninth decile	1,085	545	535
In top decile	2,445	1,250	1,200
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	7,910	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.536	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.398	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	7,920	4,035	3,880
English only	7,300	3,765	3,540
French only	0	0	0
English and French	570	250	315
Neither English nor French	55	25	35
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	7,920	4,035	3,880
English	7,775	3,970	3,805
French	65	30	40
English and French	20	15	5
Neither English nor French	55	25	35
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	7,920	4,035	3,880
Single responses	7,745	3,955	3,790
Official languages	6,615	3,385	3,235
English	6,540	3,350	3,195
French	70	30	40
Non-official languages	1,125	570	560
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125	570	560
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5
Kannada	5	5	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	885	460	430
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	150	75	75
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	5	0
Slavic languages	140	70	75
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	60	25	30
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	15	10
Serbian	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	140	80	60
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	45	35
German	85	50	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	40	25	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5
Danish	10	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	180	180
Indo-Aryan languages	305	155	150
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	20	10
Hindi	20	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	205	105	100
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	50	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	25	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0
Persian languages	45	25	25
Dari	35	15	20
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	105	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	105	50	50
Portuguese	50	25	25
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	35	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	35	45
Chinese languages	80	35	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	40	20	20
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	30	15	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	180	85	90
English and French	20	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	7,920	4,035	3,880
English	6,895	3,550	3,340
French	5	5	0
Non-official language	190	95	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	190	95	100
English and French	65	25	35
English and non-official language(s)	710	335	375
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	7,920	4,035	3,880
Single responses	7,755	3,965	3,795
Official languages	7,345	3,755	3,585
English	7,335	3,750	3,585
French	10	5	5
Non-official languages	415	205	210
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	205	210
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	0	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	160	160
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	10	15
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	5	10
Russian	0	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	0
German	5	5	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	220	115	105
Indo-Aryan languages	185	100	90
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	10	5
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	65	60
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	20
Dari	25	10	15
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	15	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	5	5
Portuguese	5	5	0
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	75	90
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	160	70	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	7,920	4,035	3,885
None	7,200	3,700	3,505
English	165	85	80
French	70	25	45
Non-official language	375	170	205
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	375	170	205
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	7,905	4,030	3,880
Official languages	7,865	4,015	3,845
English	7,865	4,015	3,845
French	570	245	315
Non-official languages	1,485	745	745
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,485	745	745
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,285	665	620
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	105	90
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	10	10
Slavic languages	185	100	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	0
Macedonian	10	10	0
Polish	55	30	30
Russian	40	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	35	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	15	0
Serbian	35	20	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	0	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	185	105	75
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	120	70	55
German	120	70	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	20
Afrikaans	15	15	0
Dutch	35	15	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	550	280	275
Indo-Aryan languages	445	230	215
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	140	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	180	165
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	175	90	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	115	55	60
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	0	10
Persian languages	105	55	55
Dari	45	25	20
Iranian Persian	25	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	160	190
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	140	55	85
Portuguese	70	35	35
Romanian	35	20	15
Spanish	125	50	75
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	45	40
Chinese languages	85	45	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	35	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	25	30
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,905	4,025	3,880
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	95	25	70
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	90	20	70
First Nations (North American Indian)	55	10	45
Métis	30	10	25
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	7,810	4,005	3,805
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,905	4,025	3,880
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	25	0	25
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	7,880	4,025	3,860
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,855	...	...
Owner	2,710	...	...
Renter	150	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,855	...	...
Condominium	365	...	...
Not condominium	2,490	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,855	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	145	...	...
2 bedrooms	495	...	...
3 bedrooms	920	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,295	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,855	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	335	...	...
5 rooms	370	...	...
6 rooms	285	...	...
7 rooms	350	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,515	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,855	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,830	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,855	...	...
Suitable	2,825	...	...
Not suitable	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,855	...	...
1960 or before	565	...	...
1961 to 1980	535	...	...
1981 to 1990	285	...	...
1991 to 2000	495	...	...
2001 to 2005	315	...	...
2006 to 2010	250	...	...
2011 to 2015	170	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,855	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,765	...	...
Major repairs needed	90	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,855	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,120	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,560	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	185	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,855	...	...
15 to 24 years	15	...	...
25 to 34 years	105	...	...
35 to 44 years	410	...	...
45 to 54 years	615	...	...
55 to 64 years	705	...	...
65 to 74 years	570	...	...
75 to 84 years	355	...	...
85 years and over	80	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,780	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	445	...	...
30% to less than 100%	390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,855	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	410	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...
Major repairs needed only	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,725	...	...
In core need	120	...	...
Not in core need	2,605	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,645	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,110	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,268,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	140	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	7,905	4,030	3,875
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	0	20
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	0	20
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	105	35	70
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	105	35	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	30	50
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	7,780	3,990	3,790
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	7,910	4,030	3,880
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	7,725	3,975	3,755
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,410	755	660
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,320	3,215	3,100
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	180	55	120
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	7,910	4,030	3,880
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	6,510	3,315	3,195
Immigrants⁸¹	1,380	710	675
Before 1980	570	305	265
1980 to 1990	215	125	90
1991 to 2000	370	190	175
2001 to 2010	160	60	100
2011 to 2021⁸²	70	35	35
2011 to 2015	35	25	15
2016 to 2021	35	10	20
Non-permanent residents⁸³	20	10	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,380	705	675
Under 5 years	180	95	85
5 to 14 years	260	150	105
15 to 24 years	375	165	210
25 to 44 years	485	260	225
45 years and over	80	35	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,380	705	675
Americas	200	100	100
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	15	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	15	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	105	40	60
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25
Europe	620	315	305
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Croatia	10	10	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	50	25	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	70	40	30
Netherlands	40	20	25
Poland	35	20	15
Portugal	15	15	0
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	110	150
Other places of birth in Europe	65	30	30
Africa	55	35	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	475	240	240
Afghanistan	55	30	25
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	55	25	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Viet Nam	20	10	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	215	115	105
Pakistan	55	30	25
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	35	10	25
Americas	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	20	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	15	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	7,905	4,030	3,880
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,490	745	745
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,900	1,015	885
Third generation or more¹⁰²	4,520	2,265	2,255
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	810	400	405
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	370	220	150
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185	145	45
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	185	75	105
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	310	110	200
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	60	45
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	810	400	405
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	20	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	85	40	45
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	45	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	625	290	330
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	7,905	4,030	3,880
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,050	550	500
South Asian	560	295	265
Chinese	110	50	55
Black	65	35	35
Filipino	15	0	15
Arab	30	15	15
Latin American	30	20	10
Southeast Asian	35	15	20
West Asian	85	40	45
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	35	25	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0
Multiple visible minorities	55	35	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	6,855	3,475	3,380
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	7,910	4,030	3,880
Canadian	1,355	700	655
English	2,170	1,025	1,140
Irish	1,475	665	810
Scottish	1,665	870	795
French, n.o.s.¹²²	450	210	245
German	1,065	550	510
Chinese	125	65	55
Italian	695	355	345
Indian (India)	470	255	215
Ukrainian	260	150	110
Dutch	460	235	225
Polish	395	205	195
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	545	285	265
Filipino	25	10	20
French Canadian	100	55	50
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	135	60	75
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	55	15	35
Métis	25	10	20
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105	45	55
Russian	105	50	55
Norwegian	40	20	15
Welsh	240	135	95
Portuguese	180	105	75
American	160	75	85
Spanish	60	30	25
Swedish	20	10	15
Hungarian	170	90	80
Acadian	10	10	0
Pakistani	100	50	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	0
Jewish	40	15	25
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20
Jamaican	20	15	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	60	25	35
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	30	25	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	95	35	60
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	10	15
Sikh	50	30	20
Austrian	60	25	35
Belgian	65	20	40
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	10	10	0
Mennonite	25	0	20
Swiss	65	40	30
Finnish	60	40	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	55	35	25
Japanese	40	20	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	25	20	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	60	40	25
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	35	15	20
Afghan	75	40	30
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Ojibway	15	0	15
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	25	20	10
Slovak	25	20	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	15	0	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	30	20	10
South African	20	10	10
Australian	30	20	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	20	10	15
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	15	15	0
Macedonian	25	25	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	40	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	40	10	30
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	7,905	4,025	3,880
Buddhist	15	0	10
Christian	4,385	2,160	2,225
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	680	345	335
Anabaptist	25	15	10
Anglican	425	170	260
Baptist	150	60	90
Catholic	1,690	885	805
Christian Orthodox	80	45	35
Jehovah's Witness	40	25	10
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	125	50	80
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	55	30	25
Presbyterian	380	205	175
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	445	190	255
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	270	130	135
Hindu	90	60	30
Jewish	15	0	15
Muslim	270	140	130
Sikh	310	145	165
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	30	15	10
No religion and secular perspectives	2,795	1,500	1,295
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	7,850	4,015	3,835
Non-movers	7,245	3,715	3,530
Movers	605	300	305
Non-migrants	180	95	85
Migrants	430	205	225
Internal migrants	395	190	200
Intraprovincial migrants	370	180	195
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	0
External migrants	35	10	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	7,620	3,910	3,710
Non-movers	4,855	2,520	2,335
Movers	2,765	1,390	1,375
Non-migrants	345	190	155
Migrants	2,415	1,205	1,220
Internal migrants	2,380	1,190	1,190
Intraprovincial migrants	2,355	1,185	1,175
Interprovincial migrants	25	10	15
External migrants	40	10	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,800	3,425	3,370
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	995	535	465
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,805	2,890	2,910
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,065	2,055	2,010
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	255	155	100
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,810	1,900	1,910
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,800	3,420	3,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	850	430	420
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,885	875	1,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,065	2,120	1,940
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,050	1,110	940
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	365	90
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	225	155	70
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	225	210	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,465	700	765
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	50	85
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,015	1,010	1,000
Bachelor's degree	1,270	620	645
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	20	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	60	40
Master's degree	445	225	220
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	80	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,065	2,055	2,010
No certificate, diploma or degree	205	125	80
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	970	485	480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,895	1,445	1,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,395	710	685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	240	190	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	130	90	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	110	100	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,070	495	575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	80	20	55
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,495	735	760
Bachelor's degree	1,005	490	520
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	50	15	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	40	40
Master's degree	295	145	155
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	50	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,795	3,425	3,375
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,740	1,305	1,435
Education	170	30	145
13. Education	170	30	145
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	95	35	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	25	50
Humanities	240	75	165
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	40	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	10
54. History	15	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	500	205	295
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	15	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	75	0	75
22. Legal professions and studies	70	45	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	75	20	65
45. Social sciences	215	130	90
Business, management and public administration	850	375	475
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	10	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	815	365	445
Physical and life sciences and technologies	305	155	150
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	50	100
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	40	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	55	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	85	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	75	55	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	865	815	55
04. Architecture and related services	30	30	0
14. Engineering	170	155	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	175	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	125	125	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225	215	10
48. Precision production	135	120	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	110	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	95	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
Health and related fields	455	100	355
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	400	65	335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	240	135	105
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	100	30	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	55	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	40	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,065	2,055	2,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,170	610	565
Education	125	25	100
13. Education	125	25	100
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	15	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	50	10	35
Humanities	145	60	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	35	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	380	155	220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65
22. Legal professions and studies	45	25	20
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	55	20	40
45. Social sciences	165	95	70
Business, management and public administration	650	270	380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	10	30
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	620	265	355
Physical and life sciences and technologies	190	85	105
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	110	35	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	10	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	80	70	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	65	55	10
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	600	550	50
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0
14. Engineering	120	110	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	130	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	95	95	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	140	135	0
48. Precision production	85	65	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	60	90
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	50	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	15	0	10
Health and related fields	360	75	285
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	320	50	265
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	150	80	70
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	60	20	40
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	65	40	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,065	2,055	2,010
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,170	610	565
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,890	1,440	1,450
Location of study inside Canada	2,565	1,305	1,265
Same as province or territory of residence	2,410	1,230	1,185
Different than province or territory of residence	155	70	80
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	325	145	180
Americas	95	45	55
United States of America	90	40	50
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	115	60	55
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	35	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0
Africa	25	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	90	25	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	50	20	30
Pakistan	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	6,800	3,420	3,370
In the labour force	4,415	2,345	2,070
Employed	4,010	2,180	1,825
Unemployed	410	165	245
Not in the labour force	2,385	1,080	1,300
Participation rate	64.9	68.6	61.4
Employment rate	59.0	63.7	54.2
Unemployment rate	9.3	7.0	11.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	6,795	3,425	3,375
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,245	950	1,295
Worked	4,550	2,475	2,075
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,485	1,460	1,025
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,060	1,015	1,050
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.9	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,415	2,340	2,075
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	25	40
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,355	2,320	2,035
Employee	3,170	1,565	1,605
Permanent position	2,705	1,350	1,355
Temporary position	465	220	245
Fixed term (1 year or more)	115	55	60
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	345	160	190
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,180	755	430
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,415	2,340	2,075
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	25	40
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,355	2,320	2,035
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	150	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	705	245	460
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	370	270	100
3 Health occupations	315	70	240
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	455	200	255
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	115	50	75
6 Sales and service occupations	1,075	450	625
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	725	625	100
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	200	130	70
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	180	125	55
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,415	2,340	2,075
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	65	25	40
All industries¹⁹¹	4,355	2,320	2,035
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	140	80	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0
22 Utilities	15	15	0
23 Construction	435	340	95
31-33 Manufacturing	475	335	140
41 Wholesale trade	250	165	85
44-45 Retail trade	480	190	290
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	170	115	60
51 Information and cultural industries	40	25	15
52 Finance and insurance	150	70	75
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	55	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	535	305	230
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	155	95	60
61 Educational services	285	95	190
62 Health care and social assistance	420	95	325
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	50	40
72 Accommodation and food services	195	80	115
81 Other services (except public administration)	195	100	95
91 Public administration	175	100	70
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,735	2,545	2,185
English	4,635	2,510	2,130
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	50	15	35
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,735	2,545	2,185
Single responses	4,725	2,540	2,180
Official languages	4,720	2,540	2,180
English	4,715	2,540	2,175
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,735	2,545	2,185
None	4,650	2,510	2,135
English	0	0	0
French	40	15	30
Non-official language	35	15	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	15	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,005	2,180	1,825
Worked at home	1,235	590	650
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0
No fixed workplace address	495	355	140
Usual place of work	2,260	1,225	1,040
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,260	1,225	1,040
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	410	210	200
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	885	480	410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	960	535	430
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	2,755	1,580	1,175
Car, truck or van	2,635	1,520	1,115
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,470	1,455	1,020
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	165	70	95
Public transit	0	0	0
Walked	80	50	30
Bicycle	0	0	0
Other method	30	10	20
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	2,755	1,580	1,175
Less than 15 minutes	760	440	320
15 to 29 minutes	1,000	540	460
30 to 44 minutes	555	285	265
45 to 59 minutes	235	180	55
60 minutes and over	205	130	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	2,755	1,580	1,175
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	185	125	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	400	255	140
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	750	425	325
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	610	355	255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	425	220	205
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	395	200	195
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,465	785	680
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	65	80
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320	715	605
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,160	620	540
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	115	55	60
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	30	45
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	25	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,050	570	480

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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