Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Oakville, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove						Halton, Regional municipality (RM)More information: Ontario [Census division] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	213,759	...	...	...	...	...	596,637	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	193,832	...	...	...	...	...	548,435	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	76,179	...	...	...	...	...	214,322	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	73,558	...	...	...	...	...	208,601	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,538.5	...	...	1,538.5	...	...	617.8	...	...	617.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	138.94	...	...	...	...	...	965.71	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	213,760	103,480	110,280	100.0	100.0	100.0	596,640	290,330	306,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	38,435	19,540	18,895	18.0	18.9	17.1	111,035	56,690	54,345	18.6	19.5	17.7
0 to 4 years	9,280	4,710	4,570	4.3	4.6	4.1	29,670	15,005	14,670	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	12,875	6,535	6,345	6.0	6.3	5.8	37,840	19,295	18,550	6.3	6.6	6.1
10 to 14 years	16,285	8,300	7,985	7.6	8.0	7.2	43,520	22,395	21,125	7.3	7.7	6.9
15 to 64 years	141,725	68,860	72,865	66.3	66.5	66.1	390,115	191,470	198,640	65.4	65.9	64.8
15 to 19 years	16,665	8,535	8,135	7.8	8.2	7.4	41,775	21,560	20,215	7.0	7.4	6.6
20 to 24 years	13,375	6,875	6,500	6.3	6.6	5.9	34,055	17,685	16,370	5.7	6.1	5.3
25 to 29 years	10,175	5,175	5,000	4.8	5.0	4.5	29,450	15,090	14,360	4.9	5.2	4.7
30 to 34 years	10,315	4,865	5,445	4.8	4.7	4.9	33,595	15,920	17,675	5.6	5.5	5.8
35 to 39 years	12,755	5,870	6,885	6.0	5.7	6.2	40,335	18,820	21,510	6.8	6.5	7.0
40 to 44 years	15,105	6,805	8,295	7.1	6.6	7.5	44,490	20,765	23,730	7.5	7.2	7.7
45 to 49 years	17,780	8,410	9,370	8.3	8.1	8.5	46,775	22,720	24,055	7.8	7.8	7.9
50 to 54 years	17,615	8,595	9,015	8.2	8.3	8.2	44,580	21,975	22,610	7.5	7.6	7.4
55 to 59 years	15,255	7,545	7,705	7.1	7.3	7.0	40,950	20,300	20,650	6.9	7.0	6.7
60 to 64 years	12,680	6,175	6,510	5.9	6.0	5.9	34,115	16,645	17,470	5.7	5.7	5.7
65 years and over	33,595	15,080	18,520	15.7	14.6	16.8	95,485	42,170	53,325	16.0	14.5	17.4
65 to 69 years	9,665	4,490	5,170	4.5	4.3	4.7	26,945	12,470	14,475	4.5	4.3	4.7
70 to 74 years	8,345	3,760	4,580	3.9	3.6	4.2	24,390	10,910	13,480	4.1	3.8	4.4
75 to 79 years	6,300	2,915	3,385	2.9	2.8	3.1	18,210	8,230	9,980	3.1	2.8	3.3
80 to 84 years	4,530	2,070	2,465	2.1	2.0	2.2	12,710	5,585	7,130	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	4,760	1,845	2,915	2.2	1.8	2.6	13,230	4,975	8,255	2.2	1.7	2.7
85 to 89 years	2,910	1,215	1,695	1.4	1.2	1.5	8,175	3,300	4,875	1.4	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,455	515	940	0.7	0.5	0.9	3,905	1,365	2,535	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	360	100	255	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,035	285	745	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	20	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.9	17.1	18.0	18.9	17.1	18.6	19.5	17.7	18.6	19.5	17.7
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.5	66.1	66.3	66.5	66.1	65.4	65.9	64.8	65.4	65.9	64.8
65 years and over	15.7	14.6	16.8	15.7	14.6	16.8	16.0	14.5	17.4	16.0	14.5	17.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.8	2.6	2.2	1.8	2.6	2.2	1.7	2.7	2.2	1.7	2.7
Average age of the population	40.4	39.5	41.2	40.4	39.5	41.2	40.2	39.2	41.2	40.2	39.2	41.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.8	42.8	41.6	40.8	42.8	40.8	40.0	42.0	40.8	40.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	73,555	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,130	...	...	58.6	...	...	118,585	...	...	56.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,310	...	...	4.5	...	...	11,060	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	12,470	...	...	17.0	...	...	37,335	...	...	17.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	950	...	...	1.3	...	...	2,490	...	...	1.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,680	...	...	6.4	...	...	14,040	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	8,955	...	...	12.2	...	...	24,860	...	...	11.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...	195	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	35	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,425	...	...	18.3	...	...	40,865	...	...	19.6	...	...
2 persons	20,490	...	...	27.9	...	...	60,995	...	...	29.2	...	...
3 persons	14,040	...	...	19.1	...	...	37,295	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	16,660	...	...	22.6	...	...	44,665	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 or more persons	8,950	...	...	12.2	...	...	24,780	...	...	11.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	212,055	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	175,320	83,935	91,380	100.0	100.0	100.0	485,605	233,635	251,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	107,775	53,535	54,240	61.5	63.8	59.4	299,515	149,185	150,335	61.7	63.9	59.7
Married	99,815	49,545	50,265	56.9	59.0	55.0	269,295	134,095	135,195	55.5	57.4	53.7
Living common-law	7,965	3,985	3,975	4.5	4.7	4.3	30,215	15,085	15,135	6.2	6.5	6.0
Living common law - Never married	5,140	2,560	2,580	2.9	3.0	2.8	19,835	9,885	9,955	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Separated	380	215	165	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,655	885	775	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	2,205	1,095	1,110	1.3	1.3	1.2	7,880	3,925	3,955	1.6	1.7	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	240	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	845	395	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	67,540	30,405	37,140	38.5	36.2	40.6	186,090	84,455	101,630	38.3	36.1	40.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	48,125	25,020	23,100	27.4	29.8	25.3	127,385	67,555	59,830	26.2	28.9	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,710	1,380	2,330	2.1	1.6	2.5	11,385	4,485	6,905	2.3	1.9	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,855	2,490	5,360	4.5	3.0	5.9	23,705	7,730	15,975	4.9	3.3	6.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,860	1,510	6,350	4.5	1.8	6.9	23,610	4,685	18,925	4.9	2.0	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	60,680	...	...	100.0	...	...	169,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,795	...	...	37.6	...	...	67,710	...	...	39.9	...	...
3 persons	14,555	...	...	24.0	...	...	38,970	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 persons	17,150	...	...	28.3	...	...	45,695	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 or more persons	6,180	...	...	10.2	...	...	17,295	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	60,680	...	...	100.0	...	...	169,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	52,555	...	...	86.6	...	...	146,545	...	...	86.4	...	...
Married couples	48,575	...	...	80.1	...	...	131,450	...	...	77.5	...	...
With children⁶	32,900	...	...	54.2	...	...	86,255	...	...	50.8	...	...
Without children	15,675	...	...	25.8	...	...	45,195	...	...	26.6	...	...
Common-law couples	3,980	...	...	6.6	...	...	15,100	...	...	8.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,485	...	...	2.4	...	...	5,890	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	2,495	...	...	4.1	...	...	9,210	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,125	...	...	13.4	...	...	23,120	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,545	...	...	10.8	...	...	18,295	...	...	10.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,575	...	...	2.6	...	...	4,830	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	212,060	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	190,240	94,195	96,050	89.7	91.6	88.0	525,955	261,350	264,600	89.2	90.9	87.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	105,110	52,570	52,545	49.6	51.1	48.1	293,090	146,440	146,655	49.7	50.9	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	8,120	1,580	6,545	3.8	1.5	6.0	23,120	4,825	18,290	3.9	1.7	6.1
Children⁶	77,010	40,050	36,960	36.3	38.9	33.9	209,740	110,085	99,660	35.6	38.3	33.0
In a two-parent family	64,310	33,360	30,955	30.3	32.4	28.4	173,770	90,805	82,965	29.5	31.6	27.4
In a one-parent family	12,705	6,695	6,010	6.0	6.5	5.5	35,975	19,280	16,690	6.1	6.7	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,815	8,680	13,135	10.3	8.4	12.0	63,815	26,140	37,680	10.8	9.1	12.5
Living alone	13,420	5,050	8,370	6.3	4.9	7.7	40,860	15,815	25,045	6.9	5.5	8.3
Living with other relatives⁷	4,175	1,420	2,755	2.0	1.4	2.5	12,105	4,350	7,760	2.1	1.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,220	2,210	2,010	2.0	2.1	1.8	10,845	5,975	4,875	1.8	2.1	1.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	52,835	...	...	71.8	...	...	147,045	...	...	70.5	...	...
Couple-family households	46,285	...	...	62.9	...	...	128,755	...	...	61.7	...	...
With children⁶	30,675	...	...	41.7	...	...	81,715	...	...	39.2	...	...
Without children	15,610	...	...	21.2	...	...	47,045	...	...	22.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,555	...	...	8.9	...	...	18,295	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,270	...	...	4.4	...	...	9,115	...	...	4.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	480	...	...	0.7	...	...	1,535	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,875	...	...	2.5	...	...	5,405	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,675	...	...	2.3	...	...	4,630	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	13,420	...	...	18.2	...	...	40,860	...	...	19.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	173,625	83,340	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,785	230,820	247,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	164,380	78,840	85,535	94.7	94.6	94.7	456,660	219,840	236,815	95.4	95.2	95.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	57,600	40,400	47,200	57,600	40,400	48,400	58,000	42,000	48,400	58,000	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	164,495	78,890	85,605	94.7	94.7	94.8	456,985	220,000	236,980	95.4	95.3	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	36,800	42,000	49,600	36,800	42,800	50,000	37,600	42,800	50,000	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	151,800	74,060	77,740	87.4	88.9	86.1	421,455	206,870	214,585	88.0	89.6	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	56,000	34,400	43,600	56,000	34,400	44,400	55,600	35,200	44,400	55,600	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	121,885	62,080	59,800	70.2	74.5	66.2	346,710	177,130	169,585	72.4	76.7	68.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	58,000	38,400	46,800	58,000	38,400	47,600	57,600	39,200	47,600	57,600	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	142,625	67,465	75,160	82.1	81.0	83.2	401,010	189,235	211,775	83.8	82.0	85.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	3,680	7,200	5,880	3,680	7,200	6,360	4,040	8,300	6,360	4,040	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,765	4,405	6,365	6.2	5.3	7.0	35,575	14,245	21,325	7.4	6.2	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,480	5,840	5,600	5,480	5,840	5,520	5,480	5,760	5,520	5,480	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,055	21,440	23,610	25.9	25.7	26.1	125,120	59,600	65,525	26.1	25.8	26.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	173,625	83,340	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,820	247,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	164,420	78,760	85,660	94.7	94.5	94.9	456,660	219,725	236,935	95.4	95.2	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,800	104,700	60,800	81,800	104,700	60,800	71,600	87,800	56,650	71,600	87,800	56,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	164,560	78,825	85,740	94.8	94.6	95.0	456,995	219,865	237,130	95.4	95.3	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,000	74,700	48,400	61,000	74,700	48,400	55,750	65,900	46,280	55,750	65,900	46,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	151,890	73,990	77,900	87.5	88.8	86.3	421,675	206,700	214,975	88.1	89.6	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,400	104,500	57,400	80,400	104,500	57,400	68,800	86,100	52,250	68,800	86,100	52,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	121,885	61,865	60,015	70.2	74.2	66.5	346,710	176,675	170,040	72.4	76.5	68.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	81,500	103,400	58,900	81,500	103,400	58,900	69,200	84,400	53,450	69,200	84,400	53,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	142,425	67,080	75,345	82.0	80.5	83.4	401,085	188,965	212,120	83.8	81.9	85.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	7,640	9,760	8,760	7,640	9,760	9,180	7,880	10,330	9,180	7,880	10,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,720	4,240	6,485	6.2	5.1	7.2	35,580	13,835	21,740	7.4	6.0	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,890	6,045	7,440	6,890	6,045	7,440	6,860	5,795	7,540	6,860	5,795	7,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,015	21,150	23,865	25.9	25.4	26.4	125,030	59,270	65,760	26.1	25.7	26.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,050	8,930	9,150	9,050	8,930	9,150	8,950	8,710	9,160	8,950	8,710	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	173,625	83,335	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,785	230,820	247,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	60,755	33,915	26,840	35.0	40.7	29.7	178,055	99,295	78,760	37.2	43.0	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	91,000	103,000	78,500	91,000	103,000	78,500	82,000	91,000	73,000	82,000	91,000	73,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	127,300	152,000	96,100	127,300	152,000	96,100	105,700	121,700	85,600	105,700	121,700	85,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,015	20,115	24,905	25.9	24.1	27.6	126,170	56,490	69,675	26.4	24.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,000	16,200	17,800	15,000	17,200	19,000	15,800	17,200	19,000	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,880	53,200	30,920	40,880	53,200	30,920	34,200	41,960	27,880	34,200	41,960	27,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.8	93.8	85.8	90.8	93.8	85.8	88.8	92.2	83.6	88.8	92.2	83.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.8	77.6	68.0	73.8	77.6	68.0	73.4	77.2	67.8	73.4	77.2	67.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.3	6.2	14.1	9.3	6.2	14.1	11.3	7.7	16.3	11.3	7.7	16.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.8	0.4	1.2	0.8	0.4	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4	2.5	4.8	3.4	2.5	4.8	3.9	2.9	5.2	3.9	2.9	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.3	4.2	3.0	2.3	4.2	3.4	2.7	4.5	3.4	2.7	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	173,625	83,335	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,825	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	9,245	4,495	4,750	5.3	5.4	5.3	22,120	10,980	11,140	4.6	4.8	4.5
With total income	164,375	78,840	85,540	94.7	94.6	94.7	456,660	219,845	236,815	95.4	95.2	95.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	19,070	7,950	11,120	11.6	10.1	13.0	44,895	18,575	26,325	9.8	8.4	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	18,710	7,905	10,805	11.4	10.0	12.6	48,760	20,275	28,490	10.7	9.2	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,090	8,470	11,620	12.2	10.7	13.6	56,505	23,415	33,090	12.4	10.7	14.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,975	6,200	8,780	9.1	7.9	10.3	44,740	18,530	26,205	9.8	8.4	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,640	5,345	7,295	7.7	6.8	8.5	39,385	16,910	22,475	8.6	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,785	4,625	6,160	6.6	5.9	7.2	34,880	15,275	19,605	7.6	6.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	9,270	4,195	5,075	5.6	5.3	5.9	30,170	14,240	15,930	6.6	6.5	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	8,150	3,895	4,260	5.0	4.9	5.0	25,805	12,930	12,875	5.7	5.9	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	6,945	3,455	3,485	4.2	4.4	4.1	21,960	11,600	10,365	4.8	5.3	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	6,135	3,100	3,035	3.7	3.9	3.5	19,215	10,360	8,855	4.2	4.7	3.7
$100,000 and over	37,610	23,705	13,910	22.9	30.1	16.3	90,335	57,735	32,600	19.8	26.3	13.8
$100,000 to $149,999	19,385	10,765	8,620	11.8	13.7	10.1	53,005	31,065	21,940	11.6	14.1	9.3
$150,000 and over	18,225	12,935	5,285	11.1	16.4	6.2	37,335	26,670	10,665	8.2	12.1	4.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	173,625	83,335	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,825	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	9,130	4,450	4,680	5.3	5.3	5.2	21,800	10,820	10,975	4.6	4.7	4.4
With after-tax income	164,495	78,885	85,605	94.7	94.7	94.8	456,980	220,005	236,980	95.4	95.3	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20,155	8,335	11,820	12.3	10.6	13.8	47,395	19,425	27,970	10.4	8.8	11.8
$10,000 to $19,999	19,565	8,295	11,270	11.9	10.5	13.2	51,125	21,370	29,755	11.2	9.7	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	22,230	9,340	12,885	13.5	11.8	15.1	63,150	26,135	37,015	13.8	11.9	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	17,225	7,285	9,940	10.5	9.2	11.6	52,465	22,275	30,195	11.5	10.1	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	14,835	6,355	8,480	9.0	8.1	9.9	47,560	20,850	26,710	10.4	9.5	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,565	5,685	6,880	7.6	7.2	8.0	40,865	19,150	21,710	8.9	8.7	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	10,385	4,960	5,430	6.3	6.3	6.3	33,345	16,940	16,400	7.3	7.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	8,885	4,520	4,370	5.4	5.7	5.1	27,540	14,995	12,550	6.0	6.8	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	8,365	4,155	4,210	5.1	5.3	4.9	24,780	12,975	11,805	5.4	5.9	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	6,100	3,425	2,670	3.7	4.3	3.1	16,540	9,735	6,805	3.6	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	24,180	16,530	7,645	14.7	21.0	8.9	52,230	36,150	16,075	11.4	16.4	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	9,385	5,805	3,575	5.7	7.4	4.2	23,045	14,985	8,055	5.0	6.8	3.4
$125,000 and over	14,795	10,720	4,070	9.0	13.6	4.8	29,190	21,170	8,025	6.4	9.6	3.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	173,625	83,335	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,825	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	51,740	21,255	30,485	29.8	25.5	33.8	132,070	53,700	78,375	27.6	23.3	31.6
With employment income	121,885	62,085	59,805	70.2	74.5	66.2	346,710	177,125	169,580	72.4	76.7	68.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,170	9,105	10,070	15.7	14.7	16.8	49,890	23,640	26,245	14.4	13.3	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	10,090	4,500	5,595	8.3	7.2	9.4	26,965	11,745	15,220	7.8	6.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,700	5,235	6,460	9.6	8.4	10.8	33,755	15,010	18,750	9.7	8.5	11.1
$20,000 to $29,999	8,080	3,670	4,410	6.6	5.9	7.4	23,900	10,710	13,195	6.9	6.0	7.8
$30,000 to $39,999	7,055	3,090	3,965	5.8	5.0	6.6	22,025	9,650	12,370	6.4	5.4	7.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,880	3,065	3,825	5.6	4.9	6.4	22,495	10,005	12,490	6.5	5.6	7.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,775	3,050	3,720	5.6	4.9	6.2	22,325	10,320	12,005	6.4	5.8	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,275	2,920	3,355	5.1	4.7	5.6	20,955	10,435	10,520	6.0	5.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,495	2,635	2,865	4.5	4.2	4.8	18,060	9,305	8,755	5.2	5.3	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,940	2,485	2,455	4.1	4.0	4.1	16,745	9,050	7,695	4.8	5.1	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,955	2,450	2,505	4.1	3.9	4.2	16,190	8,565	7,620	4.7	4.8	4.5
$100,000 and over	30,470	19,885	10,580	25.0	32.0	17.7	73,410	48,690	24,720	21.2	27.5	14.6
$100,000 to $124,999	9,980	5,415	4,560	8.2	8.7	7.6	28,770	16,715	12,055	8.3	9.4	7.1
$125,000 and over	20,490	14,465	6,025	16.8	23.3	10.1	44,640	31,975	12,660	12.9	18.1	7.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	173,625	83,340	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,785	230,820	247,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	159,170	76,155	83,015	91.7	91.4	91.9	445,280	213,950	231,330	93.0	92.7	93.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	58,000	38,400	46,400	58,000	38,400	47,200	57,600	40,000	47,200	57,600	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	159,235	76,175	83,060	91.7	91.4	92.0	445,420	213,980	231,435	93.0	92.7	93.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,800	40,800	50,000	34,800	42,000	49,600	36,000	42,000	49,600	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	148,345	72,315	76,035	85.4	86.8	84.2	414,775	203,385	211,385	86.6	88.1	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	57,600	36,400	45,200	57,600	36,400	45,600	56,800	37,200	45,600	56,800	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,925	61,575	59,355	69.6	73.9	65.7	346,020	176,535	169,485	72.3	76.5	68.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	58,400	39,200	47,200	58,400	39,200	47,600	57,600	40,400	47,600	57,600	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	131,360	62,750	68,605	75.7	75.3	76.0	372,585	176,315	196,270	77.8	76.4	79.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,070	660	2,320	1,070	660	2,320	1,280	665	3,280	1,280	665	3,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,830	2,345	4,485	3.9	2.8	5.0	24,015	8,300	15,720	5.0	3.6	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	5,160	7,150	6,320	5,160	7,150	6,080	5,120	6,800	6,080	5,120	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	173,625	83,340	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,820	247,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	159,170	76,130	83,035	91.7	91.3	92.0	445,375	214,110	231,265	93.0	92.8	93.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,600	105,600	57,700	80,600	105,600	57,700	69,900	87,500	53,600	69,900	87,500	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	159,250	76,165	83,080	91.7	91.4	92.0	445,505	214,155	231,350	93.1	92.8	93.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,100	75,500	45,920	60,100	75,500	45,920	54,200	65,400	43,800	54,200	65,400	43,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	147,990	72,160	75,835	85.2	86.6	84.0	414,540	203,310	211,230	86.6	88.1	85.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	81,700	107,500	57,150	81,700	107,500	57,150	69,700	88,000	52,050	69,700	88,000	52,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,880	61,625	59,255	69.6	73.9	65.6	346,090	176,530	169,555	72.3	76.5	68.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,900	102,900	58,000	80,900	102,900	58,000	69,300	85,000	53,000	69,300	85,000	53,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	131,020	62,375	68,645	75.5	74.8	76.0	372,690	176,435	196,255	77.8	76.4	79.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,610	4,504	6,620	5,610	4,504	6,620	6,050	4,800	7,170	6,050	4,800	7,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,805	2,255	4,545	3.9	2.7	5.0	23,920	8,040	15,885	5.0	3.5	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,930	6,450	8,670	7,930	6,450	8,670	8,020	6,260	8,910	8,020	6,260	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	173,625	83,335	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,785	230,820	247,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	59,955	33,495	26,455	34.5	40.2	29.3	176,510	98,495	78,020	36.9	42.7	31.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	98,000	73,000	86,000	98,000	73,000	78,000	87,000	68,000	78,000	87,000	68,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	121,900	147,800	89,100	121,900	147,800	89,100	100,800	117,600	79,600	100,800	117,600	79,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	41,640	18,830	22,815	24.0	22.6	25.3	118,030	53,000	65,025	24.7	23.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	23,600	21,000	22,200	23,600	21,000	23,200	25,400	21,800	23,200	25,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,920	59,500	36,560	46,920	59,500	36,560	41,080	50,200	33,680	41,080	50,200	33,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.2	96.6	90.6	94.2	96.6	90.6	92.8	95.4	88.6	92.8	95.4	88.6
Employment income (%)	76.2	78.8	71.8	76.2	78.8	71.8	77.0	80.0	72.6	77.0	80.0	72.6
Government transfers (%)	5.7	3.5	9.5	5.7	3.5	9.5	7.2	4.5	11.4	7.2	4.5	11.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.4	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.3	1.1	0.6	0.3	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	73,560	...	...	...	...	...	208,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,420	...	...	...	...	...	40,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	60,135	...	...	...	...	...	167,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	73,560	...	...	...	...	...	208,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...	182,800	...	...	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,430	...	...	...	...	...	40,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...	70,100	...	...	70,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,400	...	...	59,400	...	...	56,100	...	...	56,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	60,130	...	...	...	...	...	167,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	206,800	...	...	206,800	...	...	178,000	...	...	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...	138,200	...	...	138,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	940	...	...	1.3	...	...	1,910	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	410	...	...	0.6	...	...	805	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	590	...	...	0.8	...	...	1,325	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	765	...	...	1.0	...	...	1,820	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,430	...	...	1.9	...	...	3,815	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,460	...	...	2.0	...	...	4,205	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,325	...	...	1.8	...	...	3,735	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,505	...	...	2.0	...	...	4,365	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,570	...	...	2.1	...	...	4,675	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,625	...	...	2.2	...	...	4,790	...	...	2.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,330	...	...	4.5	...	...	10,135	...	...	4.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,475	...	...	4.7	...	...	10,530	...	...	5.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,455	...	...	4.7	...	...	10,770	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,230	...	...	4.4	...	...	10,450	...	...	5.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,205	...	...	4.4	...	...	10,360	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	45,250	...	...	61.5	...	...	124,895	...	...	59.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,515	...	...	10.2	...	...	24,335	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,580	...	...	8.9	...	...	21,365	...	...	10.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,540	...	...	14.3	...	...	32,055	...	...	15.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	20,615	...	...	28.0	...	...	47,140	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,200	...	...	1.6	...	...	2,385	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	430	...	...	0.6	...	...	855	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...	0.8	...	...	1,380	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	815	...	...	1.1	...	...	1,980	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,535	...	...	2.1	...	...	4,085	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,630	...	...	2.2	...	...	4,740	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505	...	...	2.0	...	...	4,425	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755	...	...	2.4	...	...	5,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,870	...	...	2.5	...	...	5,645	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...	2.7	...	...	5,945	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,155	...	...	5.6	...	...	12,545	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,120	...	...	5.6	...	...	12,980	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,095	...	...	5.6	...	...	13,040	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175	...	...	5.7	...	...	13,350	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,945	...	...	5.4	...	...	12,705	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,740	...	...	54.0	...	...	107,380	...	...	51.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,875	...	...	12.1	...	...	28,675	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,505	...	...	10.2	...	...	23,065	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	23,360	...	...	31.8	...	...	55,645	...	...	26.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	59,055	...	...	...	...	...	164,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,865	...	...	...	...	...	47,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	34,460	...	...	...	...	...	92,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	184,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	170,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	150,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,505	...	...	...	...	...	21,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,640	7,260	10,380	...	...	...	51,710	21,785	29,920	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	50,800	47,200	48,800	50,800	47,200	50,000	53,600	47,600	50,000	53,600	47,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	44,800	42,000	43,200	44,800	42,000	44,000	46,400	42,400	44,000	46,400	42,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	59,035	...	...	...	...	...	164,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	207,400	...	...	207,400	...	...	178,000	...	...	178,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	153,800	...	...	153,800	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,820	...	...	...	...	...	47,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	171,800	...	...	171,800	...	...	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	34,540	...	...	...	...	...	92,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	245,600	...	...	245,600	...	...	209,800	...	...	209,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	160,800	...	...	160,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,450	...	...	...	...	...	20,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...	114,500	...	...	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,650	7,270	10,385	...	...	...	51,800	21,490	30,305	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	68,700	78,100	62,100	68,700	78,100	62,100	65,200	72,900	59,650	65,200	72,900	59,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,350	59,100	51,040	54,350	59,100	51,040	52,550	57,250	49,240	52,550	57,250	49,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	212,055	102,870	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	48,740	24,755	23,985	23.0	24.1	22.0	136,980	70,045	66,935	23.2	24.4	22.1
0 to 5 years	11,610	5,900	5,710	5.5	5.7	5.2	36,800	18,615	18,185	6.2	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	131,205	63,510	67,700	61.9	61.7	62.0	362,120	176,695	185,425	61.4	61.5	61.3
65 years and over	32,110	14,610	17,505	15.1	14.2	16.0	90,670	40,750	49,915	15.4	14.2	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,135	8,270	9,870	...	...	...	39,630	18,015	21,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	5,135	2,580	2,555	...	...	...	10,590	5,330	5,265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,135	590	545	...	...	...	2,715	1,390	1,325	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,185	4,635	5,550	...	...	...	21,615	10,040	11,580	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,820	1,050	1,765	...	...	...	7,420	2,645	4,775	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6	8.0	9.0	8.6	8.0	9.0	6.7	6.3	7.2	6.7	6.3	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.5	10.4	10.7	10.5	10.4	10.7	7.7	7.6	7.9	7.7	7.6	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	10.0	9.6	9.8	10.0	9.6	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.3	8.2	7.8	7.3	8.2	6.0	5.7	6.2	6.0	5.7	6.2
65 years and over (%)	8.8	7.2	10.1	8.8	7.2	10.1	8.2	6.5	9.6	8.2	6.5	9.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	212,060	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	48,735	24,750	23,980	23.0	24.1	22.0	136,980	70,045	66,940	23.2	24.4	22.1
0 to 5 years	11,610	5,895	5,715	5.5	5.7	5.2	36,800	18,615	18,185	6.2	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	131,210	63,510	67,700	61.9	61.7	62.0	362,120	176,690	185,430	61.4	61.5	61.3
65 years and over	32,110	14,610	17,500	15.1	14.2	16.0	90,665	40,755	49,915	15.4	14.2	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,100	5,740	6,355	...	...	...	22,640	10,910	11,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,320	1,685	1,635	...	...	...	5,690	2,890	2,800	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	675	365	315	...	...	...	1,310	680	630	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,595	3,565	4,030	...	...	...	14,450	7,025	7,425	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,180	490	690	...	...	...	2,495	995	1,505	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.8	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	6.8	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	6.1	5.6	5.8	6.1	5.6	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	5.6	6.0	5.8	5.6	6.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.9	2.8	2.4	3.0	2.8	2.4	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	212,055	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	67,910	31,610	36,305	32.0	30.7	33.3	193,995	90,980	103,015	32.9	31.6	34.1
In bottom decile	16,415	7,655	8,755	7.7	7.4	8.0	34,910	16,310	18,595	5.9	5.7	6.2
In second decile	12,380	5,510	6,870	5.8	5.4	6.3	34,005	15,225	18,785	5.8	5.3	6.2
In third decile	12,435	5,765	6,665	5.9	5.6	6.1	37,165	17,290	19,870	6.3	6.0	6.6
In fourth decile	12,620	5,975	6,645	6.0	5.8	6.1	41,280	19,680	21,595	7.0	6.8	7.1
In fifth decile	14,070	6,705	7,360	6.6	6.5	6.7	46,640	22,470	24,175	7.9	7.8	8.0
In top half of the distribution	144,145	71,265	72,885	68.0	69.3	66.8	395,775	196,510	199,260	67.1	68.4	65.9
In sixth decile	15,740	7,570	8,170	7.4	7.4	7.5	52,630	25,545	27,085	8.9	8.9	9.0
In seventh decile	18,535	8,950	9,585	8.7	8.7	8.8	61,095	29,800	31,300	10.4	10.4	10.4
In eighth decile	22,440	11,020	11,425	10.6	10.7	10.5	71,815	35,535	36,285	12.2	12.4	12.0
In ninth decile	31,320	15,430	15,890	14.8	15.0	14.6	89,120	44,300	44,825	15.1	15.4	14.8
In top decile	56,110	28,295	27,815	26.5	27.5	25.5	121,110	61,340	59,775	20.5	21.3	19.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	212,060	...	...	212,060	...	...	589,770	...	...	589,770	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...	0.376	...	...	0.376	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.499	...	...	0.499	...	...	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.366	...	...	0.366	...	...	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	212,915	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	184,520	91,060	93,465	86.7	88.3	85.1	527,860	261,550	266,310	89.2	90.7	87.7
French only	150	50	95	0.1	0.0	0.1	360	140	220	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	23,390	10,100	13,285	11.0	9.8	12.1	54,205	22,975	31,230	9.2	8.0	10.3
Neither English nor French	4,855	1,915	2,940	2.3	1.9	2.7	9,420	3,585	5,835	1.6	1.2	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	212,915	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	202,470	98,730	103,740	95.1	95.7	94.5	569,530	278,940	290,590	96.2	96.8	95.7
French	3,270	1,445	1,830	1.5	1.4	1.7	8,435	3,710	4,725	1.4	1.3	1.6
English and French	2,410	1,085	1,330	1.1	1.1	1.2	4,695	2,120	2,580	0.8	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	4,760	1,880	2,880	2.2	1.8	2.6	9,180	3,475	5,700	1.6	1.2	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	212,915	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	199,910	96,890	103,020	93.9	93.9	93.8	559,500	272,645	286,855	94.5	94.6	94.5
Official languages	125,220	61,800	63,425	58.8	59.9	57.8	394,260	194,500	199,760	66.6	67.5	65.8
English	122,255	60,480	61,770	57.4	58.6	56.3	386,360	191,030	195,335	65.3	66.3	64.3
French	2,970	1,315	1,650	1.4	1.3	1.5	7,895	3,475	4,425	1.3	1.2	1.5
Non-official languages	74,685	35,090	39,600	35.1	34.0	36.1	165,245	78,145	87,100	27.9	27.1	28.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	74,680	35,090	39,595	35.1	34.0	36.1	165,235	78,140	87,095	27.9	27.1	28.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,920	3,965	3,955	3.7	3.8	3.6	17,525	8,765	8,760	3.0	3.0	2.9
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,800	3,910	3,885	3.7	3.8	3.5	17,230	8,625	8,610	2.9	3.0	2.8
Amharic	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	7,350	3,690	3,655	3.5	3.6	3.3	16,080	8,070	8,010	2.7	2.8	2.6
Aramaic languages	275	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	635	310	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	175	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	105	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	560	240	315	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,560	670	890	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	550	240	310	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,505	655	855	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,300	855	1,445	1.1	0.8	1.3	6,555	2,620	3,930	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	70	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	120	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	295	120	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,840	665	1,175	0.9	0.6	1.1	5,375	2,130	3,250	0.9	0.7	1.1
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,630	825	805	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,810	2,405	2,405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kannada	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	145	145	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	345	175	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,055	540	515	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	685	340	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,175	1,070	1,105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	440	230	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,245	625	615	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	39,695	18,750	20,945	18.6	18.2	19.1	101,935	48,595	53,340	17.2	16.9	17.6
Albanian	345	175	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	770	380	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	305	140	155	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	10,505	4,775	5,725	4.9	4.6	5.2	23,690	10,745	12,950	4.0	3.7	4.3
Baltic languages	230	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	475	190	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	130	200	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	10,270	4,690	5,585	4.8	4.5	5.1	23,220	10,555	12,660	3.9	3.7	4.2
Belarusian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	295	145	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	540	265	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	515	225	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	365	175	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	680	330	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	2,910	1,305	1,605	1.4	1.3	1.5	7,975	3,570	4,405	1.3	1.2	1.5
Russian	2,100	925	1,170	1.0	0.9	1.1	3,920	1,700	2,220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	3,105	1,470	1,635	1.5	1.4	1.5	6,870	3,295	3,570	1.2	1.1	1.2
Bosnian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	185	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,635	760	875	0.8	0.7	0.8	3,760	1,795	1,965	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	1,295	620	670	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,670	1,280	1,390	0.5	0.4	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	335	160	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	620	265	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	340	140	200	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	800	365	435	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,720	750	970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,230	1,010	1,225	1.0	1.0	1.1	6,005	2,700	3,310	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,255	560	700	0.6	0.5	0.6	3,220	1,410	1,815	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	1,220	540	680	0.6	0.5	0.6	3,125	1,355	1,765	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	800	375	425	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,305	1,075	1,225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2	525	255	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	450	205	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,705	785	920	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	195	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	565	275	285	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,380	680	705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,650	6,695	6,950	6.4	6.5	6.3	41,795	20,675	21,120	7.1	7.2	7.0
Indo-Aryan languages	11,610	5,690	5,920	5.5	5.5	5.4	37,245	18,430	18,815	6.3	6.4	6.2
Assamese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	485	230	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,205	600	595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	790	380	415	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,475	1,200	1,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	2,285	1,145	1,140	1.1	1.1	1.0	4,895	2,435	2,460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kacchi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	570	265	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,540	1,225	1,315	1.2	1.2	1.2	7,590	3,740	3,850	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	195	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	560	265	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	4,605	2,260	2,340	2.2	2.2	2.1	18,890	9,385	9,505	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,040	1,010	1,030	1.0	1.0	0.9	4,545	2,245	2,300	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	305	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	695	340	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,640	815	825	0.8	0.8	0.8	3,685	1,810	1,870	0.6	0.6	0.6
Dari	300	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	555	585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,195	600	600	0.6	0.6	0.5	2,235	1,110	1,130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,210	5,720	6,485	5.7	5.5	5.9	27,940	13,265	14,675	4.7	4.6	4.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,800	1,370	1,430	1.3	1.3	1.3	6,150	3,065	3,085	1.0	1.1	1.0
Portuguese	3,500	1,635	1,860	1.6	1.6	1.7	7,815	3,700	4,115	1.3	1.3	1.4
Romanian	1,025	480	540	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,160	995	1,160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	4,875	2,225	2,650	2.3	2.2	2.4	11,790	5,485	6,300	2.0	1.9	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	75	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	440	140	300	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	2,475	1,120	1,360	1.2	1.1	1.2	4,050	1,820	2,230	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	350	155	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,000	465	535	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	300	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,820	8,270	9,550	8.4	8.0	8.7	23,525	10,810	12,715	4.0	3.8	4.2
Chinese languages	17,790	8,255	9,530	8.4	8.0	8.7	23,435	10,770	12,665	4.0	3.7	4.2
Hakka	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	14,815	6,890	7,930	7.0	6.7	7.2	18,685	8,610	10,070	3.2	3.0	3.3
Min Dong	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	270	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	195	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,530	1,170	1,355	1.2	1.1	1.2	4,080	1,855	2,220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	70	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	800	420	380	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,485	770	715	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	740	390	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,350	705	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	685	315	370	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,675	785	895	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	50	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	520	235	285	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,315	615	700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	13,010	6,245	6,770	6.1	6.1	6.2	32,345	15,605	16,740	5.5	5.4	5.5
English and French	1,085	515	570	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,905	1,340	1,565	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	10,375	5,055	5,315	4.9	4.9	4.8	26,025	12,780	13,245	4.4	4.4	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	290	130	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	265	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	480	195	285	0.2	0.2	0.3	945	390	555	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	785	345	440	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,870	830	1,045	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	212,915	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	129,805	63,785	66,020	61.0	61.8	60.1	404,475	199,030	205,445	68.3	69.0	67.7
French	750	345	405	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,855	875	980	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	19,890	9,230	10,660	9.3	8.9	9.7	39,170	18,240	20,930	6.6	6.3	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	19,890	9,230	10,660	9.3	8.9	9.7	39,165	18,240	20,925	6.6	6.3	6.9
English and French	2,815	1,240	1,575	1.3	1.2	1.4	7,140	3,100	4,040	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	55,620	26,750	28,870	26.1	25.9	26.3	130,570	63,225	67,350	22.1	21.9	22.2
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,685	1,160	1,525	1.3	1.1	1.4	5,505	2,375	3,130	0.9	0.8	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,245	570	675	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,830	1,280	1,550	0.5	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	212,915	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	199,035	96,435	102,600	93.5	93.5	93.5	557,445	271,485	285,955	94.2	94.2	94.2
Official languages	157,985	76,980	81,005	74.2	74.6	73.8	470,565	229,915	240,650	79.5	79.8	79.3
English	156,750	76,410	80,340	73.6	74.1	73.2	467,580	228,540	239,035	79.0	79.3	78.7
French	1,235	565	665	0.6	0.5	0.6	2,985	1,370	1,610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	41,050	19,455	21,595	19.3	18.9	19.7	86,885	41,575	45,305	14.7	14.4	14.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	41,050	19,455	21,595	19.3	18.9	19.7	86,880	41,570	45,305	14.7	14.4	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,200	2,040	2,165	2.0	2.0	2.0	9,415	4,600	4,820	1.6	1.6	1.6
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,165	2,020	2,145	2.0	2.0	2.0	9,300	4,550	4,750	1.6	1.6	1.6
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,950	1,920	2,030	1.9	1.9	1.8	8,775	4,300	4,475	1.5	1.5	1.5
Aramaic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	390	185	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	260	120	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	780	365	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	255	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	770	360	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,130	490	640	0.5	0.5	0.6	3,140	1,410	1,730	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	930	400	530	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,575	1,145	1,435	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	825	395	430	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,755	1,345	1,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	265	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	350	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,330	645	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	355	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,555	8,800	9,760	8.7	8.5	8.9	48,690	23,390	25,300	8.2	8.1	8.3
Albanian	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	165	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,670	2,200	2,475	2.2	2.1	2.3	9,880	4,655	5,225	1.7	1.6	1.7
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,615	2,175	2,440	2.2	2.1	2.2	9,760	4,600	5,165	1.6	1.6	1.7
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	240	120	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	150	145	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	1,160	540	620	0.5	0.5	0.6	3,125	1,460	1,665	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	1,400	645	750	0.7	0.6	0.7	2,510	1,155	1,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,310	620	685	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,675	1,280	1,395	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bosnian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	570	265	305	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,270	590	680	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	675	325	350	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,245	605	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.1	190	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	265	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	785	380	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	415	210	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	140	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,365	3,525	3,840	3.5	3.4	3.5	24,925	12,160	12,760	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	6,165	2,970	3,200	2.9	2.9	2.9	22,270	10,890	11,380	3.8	3.8	3.7
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	690	335	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	360	175	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,355	655	705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,140	540	600	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,530	1,225	1,305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	160	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,440	700	745	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,790	2,360	2,430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,565	1,230	1,330	1.2	1.2	1.2	11,805	5,780	6,020	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,200	560	640	0.6	0.5	0.6	2,655	1,270	1,380	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	195	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	215	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	965	450	520	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,125	1,010	1,115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	620	305	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	740	345	390	0.3	0.3	0.4	1,370	640	725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,780	2,710	3,070	2.7	2.6	2.8	12,330	5,825	6,505	2.1	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	530	225	305	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,005	425	575	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	1,705	785	915	0.8	0.8	0.8	3,260	1,520	1,745	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	485	230	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	995	470	525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,060	1,465	1,595	1.4	1.4	1.5	7,065	3,400	3,660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	175	75	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,785	825	960	0.8	0.8	0.9	2,860	1,340	1,520	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	275	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	120	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,285	6,285	7,000	6.2	6.1	6.4	16,945	8,015	8,930	2.9	2.8	2.9
Chinese languages	13,270	6,280	6,990	6.2	6.1	6.4	16,900	7,990	8,910	2.9	2.8	2.9
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	11,690	5,530	6,165	5.5	5.4	5.6	14,480	6,840	7,640	2.4	2.4	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,340	635	700	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,095	1,000	1,100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	485	255	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	880	435	435	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	455	230	225	0.2	0.2	0.2	820	410	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	195	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	160	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	13,880	6,695	7,185	6.5	6.5	6.5	34,405	16,760	17,640	5.8	5.8	5.8
English and French	615	270	340	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,515	670	845	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	12,760	6,200	6,555	6.0	6.0	6.0	31,780	15,610	16,170	5.4	5.4	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	280	130	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	250	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	170	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	212,920	103,130	109,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	591,845	288,245	303,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	161,910	78,910	83,000	76.0	76.5	75.6	474,035	232,065	241,970	80.1	80.5	79.7
English	18,095	8,750	9,340	8.5	8.5	8.5	40,570	19,845	20,725	6.9	6.9	6.8
French	2,480	1,065	1,410	1.2	1.0	1.3	6,130	2,625	3,510	1.0	0.9	1.2
Non-official language	24,280	11,470	12,810	11.4	11.1	11.7	56,965	26,985	29,975	9.6	9.4	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	24,270	11,470	12,800	11.4	11.1	11.7	56,955	26,985	29,970	9.6	9.4	9.9
English and French	355	150	210	0.2	0.1	0.2	765	340	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,010	990	1,020	0.9	1.0	0.9	4,825	2,415	2,410	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	1,275	550	720	0.6	0.5	0.7	2,595	1,105	1,490	0.4	0.4	0.5
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,455	1,205	1,250	1.2	1.2	1.1	5,860	2,815	3,045	1.0	1.0	1.0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	212,060	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	207,205	100,935	106,270	97.7	98.1	97.3	580,365	283,815	296,550	98.4	98.7	98.1
English	207,080	100,880	106,200	97.7	98.1	97.3	580,050	283,705	296,345	98.4	98.7	98.0
French	23,355	10,100	13,255	11.0	9.8	12.1	54,190	22,945	31,240	9.2	8.0	10.3
Non-official languages	100,415	47,665	52,755	47.4	46.3	48.3	227,735	109,145	118,590	38.6	38.0	39.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100,405	47,660	52,740	47.3	46.3	48.3	227,700	109,135	118,565	38.6	38.0	39.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	12,340	6,240	6,105	5.8	6.1	5.6	26,815	13,555	13,260	4.5	4.7	4.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	220	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	255	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	120	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	12,180	6,165	6,015	5.7	6.0	5.5	26,470	13,390	13,085	4.5	4.7	4.3
Amharic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	11,495	5,800	5,695	5.4	5.6	5.2	24,980	12,640	12,345	4.2	4.4	4.1
Aramaic languages	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	730	350	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	170	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	405	230	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	665	370	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	185	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	875	370	505	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,280	990	1,290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	865	370	495	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,210	955	1,250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,265	1,160	2,105	1.5	1.1	1.9	9,110	3,595	5,520	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	120	35	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	325	140	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	55	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	260	95	165	0.1	0.1	0.2	520	190	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	185	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	365	160	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	75	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,900	1,005	1,895	1.4	1.0	1.7	8,310	3,255	5,050	1.4	1.1	1.7
Waray-Waray	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	205	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	670	315	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	130	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,600	1,300	1,300	1.2	1.3	1.2	7,865	3,970	3,890	1.3	1.4	1.3
Kannada	315	155	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	810	385	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	490	230	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,600	775	825	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	1,265	630	645	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,060	2,040	2,025	0.7	0.7	0.7
Telugu	870	460	410	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,255	1,190	1,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tulu	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	57,110	27,600	29,515	26.9	26.8	27.0	146,460	71,115	75,340	24.8	24.7	24.9
Albanian	435	205	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	950	470	480	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	225	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	130	225	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	13,020	6,085	6,945	6.1	5.9	6.4	30,035	14,065	15,975	5.1	4.9	5.3
Baltic languages	325	110	215	0.2	0.1	0.2	615	225	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	60	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	240	80	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	460	170	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	12,760	5,990	6,770	6.0	5.8	6.2	29,540	13,880	15,660	5.0	4.8	5.2
Belarusian	80	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	775	410	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	290	140	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	770	360	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	440	205	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	955	460	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Polish	3,635	1,705	1,935	1.7	1.7	1.8	10,390	4,740	5,650	1.8	1.6	1.9
Russian	3,015	1,420	1,600	1.4	1.4	1.5	5,715	2,635	3,085	1.0	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	4,365	2,055	2,315	2.1	2.0	2.1	9,720	4,770	4,945	1.6	1.7	1.6
Bosnian	390	200	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	825	435	395	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	2,735	1,260	1,470	1.3	1.2	1.3	6,285	3,130	3,155	1.1	1.1	1.0
Serbian	1,825	880	945	0.9	0.9	0.9	3,805	1,850	1,960	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	435	250	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	815	430	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	440	215	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	1,275	590	685	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,705	1,205	1,500	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	65	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,385	2,130	2,250	2.1	2.1	2.1	10,530	5,050	5,475	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,870	1,385	1,490	1.4	1.3	1.4	6,745	3,230	3,520	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	2,845	1,375	1,470	1.3	1.3	1.3	6,645	3,180	3,465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,385	695	690	0.7	0.7	0.6	3,485	1,705	1,775	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	755	405	350	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,215	625	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	650	305	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,260	1,090	1,170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	295	125	175	0.1	0.1	0.2	715	340	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	290	145	140	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,030	520	510	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,260	1,125	1,140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	21,870	10,840	11,035	10.3	10.5	10.1	64,320	32,230	32,090	10.9	11.2	10.6
Indo-Aryan languages	19,605	9,720	9,880	9.2	9.4	9.0	59,290	29,705	29,585	10.1	10.3	9.8
Assamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	680	345	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,820	925	890	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	1,405	660	740	0.7	0.6	0.7	4,160	2,020	2,140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindi	8,305	4,175	4,125	3.9	4.1	3.8	19,750	9,940	9,815	3.3	3.5	3.2
Kacchi	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	500	230	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Marathi	585	320	265	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,385	695	690	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,570	2,775	2,795	2.6	2.7	2.6	15,875	8,090	7,790	2.7	2.8	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	255	150	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	750	415	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	415	225	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,015	535	480	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	8,195	4,040	4,155	3.9	3.9	3.8	30,880	15,520	15,365	5.2	5.4	5.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	2,545	1,240	1,300	1.2	1.2	1.2	5,855	2,900	2,955	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	265	140	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	485	210	280	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,250	605	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	2,130	1,055	1,075	1.0	1.0	1.0	4,690	2,325	2,360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	475	240	235	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,730	890	835	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	1,575	790	785	0.7	0.8	0.7	2,745	1,335	1,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	255	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	17,615	8,410	9,200	8.3	8.2	8.4	41,135	19,525	21,605	7.0	6.8	7.1
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	4,670	2,280	2,390	2.2	2.2	2.2	10,815	5,250	5,555	1.8	1.8	1.8
Portuguese	4,630	2,250	2,375	2.2	2.2	2.2	10,550	5,185	5,365	1.8	1.8	1.8
Romanian	1,280	620	660	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,510	1,160	1,350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	8,115	3,850	4,265	3.8	3.7	3.9	19,510	9,050	10,455	3.3	3.1	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	610	270	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,055	490	570	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	2,975	1,345	1,635	1.4	1.3	1.5	4,990	2,295	2,695	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,280	560	720	0.6	0.5	0.7	3,550	1,655	1,900	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	115	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	430	195	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	620	280	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	490	240	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,420	710	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	450	220	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	200	70	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	940	360	585	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	190	60	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	890	350	545	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20,735	9,655	11,075	9.8	9.4	10.1	27,640	12,785	14,855	4.7	4.4	4.9
Chinese languages	20,690	9,640	11,050	9.8	9.4	10.1	27,535	12,740	14,795	4.7	4.4	4.9
Hakka	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	18,140	8,480	9,660	8.6	8.2	8.8	23,160	10,670	12,490	3.9	3.7	4.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	365	160	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	540	220	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	325	145	180	0.2	0.1	0.2	415	185	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,700	1,650	2,050	1.7	1.6	1.9	6,130	2,815	3,315	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	110	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	75	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,070	560	510	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,220	1,155	1,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	975	510	465	0.5	0.5	0.4	2,065	1,075	990	0.4	0.4	0.3
Uyghur	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	795	355	440	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,960	960	1,000	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	625	280	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,585	785	805	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	212,060	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,415	610	805	0.7	0.6	0.7	5,890	2,660	3,235	1.0	0.9	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,300	570	730	0.6	0.6	0.7	5,505	2,485	3,020	0.9	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	750	350	400	0.4	0.3	0.4	3,345	1,565	1,775	0.6	0.5	0.6
Métis	540	220	320	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,115	900	1,215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.1	285	145	140	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	210,645	102,265	108,380	99.3	99.4	99.3	583,880	284,835	299,050	99.0	99.1	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	212,060	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	440	205	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,705	790	915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	211,620	102,675	108,945	99.8	99.8	99.8	588,065	286,695	301,370	99.7	99.7	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	57,025	...	...	77.5	...	...	163,680	...	...	78.5	...	...
Renter	16,530	...	...	22.5	...	...	44,925	...	...	21.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	12,435	...	...	16.9	...	...	37,105	...	...	17.8	...	...
Not condominium	61,120	...	...	83.1	...	...	171,500	...	...	82.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	295	...	...	0.4	...	...	570	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	5,095	...	...	6.9	...	...	16,250	...	...	7.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,885	...	...	14.8	...	...	34,415	...	...	16.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,715	...	...	32.2	...	...	76,270	...	...	36.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	33,565	...	...	45.6	...	...	81,100	...	...	38.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,020	...	...	19.1	...	...	40,460	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 rooms	8,980	...	...	12.2	...	...	27,655	...	...	13.3	...	...
6 rooms	10,215	...	...	13.9	...	...	31,210	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	9,490	...	...	12.9	...	...	29,220	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	30,855	...	...	41.9	...	...	80,060	...	...	38.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	72,055	...	...	98.0	...	...	204,400	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,500	...	...	2.0	...	...	4,200	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	70,615	...	...	96.0	...	...	199,845	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,945	...	...	4.0	...	...	8,755	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,950	...	...	8.1	...	...	22,700	...	...	10.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,935	...	...	18.9	...	...	49,550	...	...	23.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	13,600	...	...	18.5	...	...	27,340	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	11,910	...	...	16.2	...	...	27,700	...	...	13.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,055	...	...	11.0	...	...	23,760	...	...	11.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,480	...	...	8.8	...	...	21,790	...	...	10.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,310	...	...	7.2	...	...	17,235	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	8,320	...	...	11.3	...	...	18,525	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	71,140	...	...	96.7	...	...	201,165	...	...	96.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,420	...	...	3.3	...	...	7,435	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	32,085	...	...	43.6	...	...	90,645	...	...	43.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	38,490	...	...	52.3	...	...	109,460	...	...	52.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,980	...	...	4.1	...	...	8,495	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	700	...	...	1.0	...	...	1,430	...	...	0.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,795	...	...	7.9	...	...	19,390	...	...	9.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	13,370	...	...	18.2	...	...	41,665	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	19,345	...	...	26.3	...	...	50,090	...	...	24.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,745	...	...	21.4	...	...	42,585	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,810	...	...	13.3	...	...	28,380	...	...	13.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,310	...	...	8.6	...	...	18,140	...	...	8.7	...	...
85 years and over	2,485	...	...	3.4	...	...	6,920	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	73,110	...	...	100.0	...	...	207,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,810	...	...	73.6	...	...	157,395	...	...	75.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	19,295	...	...	26.4	...	...	50,280	...	...	24.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15,945	...	...	21.8	...	...	44,115	...	...	21.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	73,560	...	...	100.0	...	...	208,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	22,990	...	...	31.3	...	...	61,655	...	...	29.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	17,815	...	...	24.2	...	...	46,005	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,970	...	...	2.7	...	...	6,255	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,565	...	...	2.1	...	...	4,660	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	790	...	...	1.1	...	...	1,960	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	670	...	...	0.9	...	...	2,235	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.2	...	...	460	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...	80	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	50,565	...	...	68.7	...	...	146,945	...	...	70.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	69,760	...	...	100.0	...	...	201,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,985	...	...	10.0	...	...	18,170	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	62,780	...	...	90.0	...	...	183,340	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	57,025	...	...	...	...	...	163,520	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...	64.7	...	...	64.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...	18.7	...	...	18.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,080	...	...	2,080	...	...	2,000	...	...	2,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,384	...	...	2,384	...	...	2,156	...	...	2,156	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000	...	...	1,200,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,388,000	...	...	1,388,000	...	...	1,148,000	...	...	1,148,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,530	...	...	...	...	...	44,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	45.8	...	...	45.8	...	...	44.4	...	...	44.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,040	...	...	2,040	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,146	...	...	2,146	...	...	1,904	...	...	1,904	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	212,055	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	295	115	180	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,295	580	715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	290	110	180	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,250	565	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	205	80	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	945	450	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis single ancestry	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	110	185	0.0	0.0	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,835	865	965	0.9	0.8	0.9	7,370	3,490	3,885	1.2	1.2	1.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,800	850	955	0.8	0.8	0.9	7,210	3,410	3,805	1.2	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,275	625	650	0.6	0.6	0.6	5,165	2,475	2,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520	220	295	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,975	900	1,075	0.3	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	209,930	101,890	108,035	99.0	99.0	98.9	581,100	283,425	297,680	98.5	98.6	98.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	212,055	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	181,815	88,400	93,410	85.7	85.9	85.6	529,380	258,510	270,870	89.8	89.9	89.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	42,140	21,355	20,785	19.9	20.8	19.0	124,775	63,570	61,205	21.2	22.1	20.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	139,670	67,050	72,625	65.9	65.2	66.5	404,610	194,940	209,665	68.6	67.8	69.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	30,245	14,470	15,775	14.3	14.1	14.4	60,390	28,985	31,410	10.2	10.1	10.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	212,055	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	119,590	59,155	60,440	56.4	57.5	55.4	379,020	187,255	191,765	64.3	65.1	63.4
Immigrants⁸¹	87,340	41,190	46,150	41.2	40.0	42.3	201,665	95,670	105,990	34.2	33.3	35.1
Before 1980	15,260	7,145	8,110	7.2	6.9	7.4	38,580	17,935	20,645	6.5	6.2	6.8
1980 to 1990	8,250	3,915	4,335	3.9	3.8	4.0	19,810	9,355	10,455	3.4	3.3	3.5
1991 to 2000	14,245	6,570	7,680	6.7	6.4	7.0	34,375	16,280	18,090	5.8	5.7	6.0
2001 to 2010	21,195	9,970	11,225	10.0	9.7	10.3	49,875	23,655	26,225	8.5	8.2	8.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	28,390	13,585	14,805	13.4	13.2	13.6	59,020	28,445	30,580	10.0	9.9	10.1
2011 to 2015	12,900	5,995	6,905	6.1	5.8	6.3	27,635	13,170	14,465	4.7	4.6	4.8
2016 to 2021	15,490	7,590	7,900	7.3	7.4	7.2	31,385	15,275	16,110	5.3	5.3	5.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,120	2,530	2,595	2.4	2.5	2.4	9,085	4,565	4,525	1.5	1.6	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	87,345	41,195	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0	201,665	95,670	105,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	9,080	4,445	4,635	10.4	10.8	10.0	22,530	11,070	11,460	11.2	11.6	10.8
5 to 14 years	16,115	8,160	7,955	18.4	19.8	17.2	38,850	19,575	19,280	19.3	20.5	18.2
15 to 24 years	13,045	5,715	7,330	14.9	13.9	15.9	33,025	14,335	18,690	16.4	15.0	17.6
25 to 44 years	40,985	18,975	22,005	46.9	46.1	47.7	89,830	42,455	47,375	44.5	44.4	44.7
45 years and over	8,125	3,895	4,230	9.3	9.5	9.2	17,425	8,235	9,190	8.6	8.6	8.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	87,345	41,195	46,155	100.0	100.0	100.0	201,665	95,670	105,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10,630	4,825	5,810	12.2	11.7	12.6	25,545	11,540	14,005	12.7	12.1	13.2
Brazil	920	410	505	1.1	1.0	1.1	1,635	745	885	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	760	320	440	0.9	0.8	1.0	2,435	1,055	1,380	1.2	1.1	1.3
El Salvador	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	355	140	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyana	410	190	220	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,230	535	690	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haiti	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	1,090	500	590	1.2	1.2	1.3	3,135	1,435	1,705	1.6	1.5	1.6
Mexico	660	335	325	0.8	0.8	0.7	1,525	730	790	0.8	0.8	0.7
Peru	650	285	365	0.7	0.7	0.8	1,110	455	650	0.6	0.5	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	830	325	505	1.0	0.8	1.1	2,030	860	1,165	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	2,770	1,320	1,455	3.2	3.2	3.2	6,135	2,815	3,320	3.0	2.9	3.1
Other places of birth in Americas	2,415	1,070	1,340	2.8	2.6	2.9	5,900	2,710	3,190	2.9	2.8	3.0
Europe	22,605	10,665	11,940	25.9	25.9	25.9	57,085	26,920	30,165	28.3	28.1	28.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	640	320	320	0.7	0.8	0.7	1,560	780	785	0.8	0.8	0.7
Croatia	1,155	505	645	1.3	1.2	1.4	2,430	1,165	1,270	1.2	1.2	1.2
France	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	585	270	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	950	445	505	1.1	1.1	1.1	2,505	1,175	1,335	1.2	1.2	1.3
Greece	310	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.3	765	365	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.4	780	370	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	1,530	815	720	1.8	2.0	1.6	3,550	1,920	1,635	1.8	2.0	1.5
Netherlands	380	175	205	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,565	805	765	0.8	0.8	0.7
Poland	2,350	1,025	1,330	2.7	2.5	2.9	6,525	2,785	3,745	3.2	2.9	3.5
Portugal	1,830	880	955	2.1	2.1	2.1	4,205	2,045	2,165	2.1	2.1	2.0
Romania	1,020	485	530	1.2	1.2	1.1	2,135	995	1,135	1.1	1.0	1.1
Russian Federation	940	395	545	1.1	1.0	1.2	1,735	750	980	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	515	250	265	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,050	505	545	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	815	355	455	0.9	0.9	1.0	1,565	670	895	0.8	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,470	3,085	3,385	7.4	7.5	7.3	18,945	8,880	10,065	9.4	9.3	9.5
Other places of birth in Europe	3,145	1,535	1,610	3.6	3.7	3.5	7,185	3,435	3,745	3.6	3.6	3.5
Africa	7,270	3,660	3,610	8.3	8.9	7.8	15,980	7,940	8,040	7.9	8.3	7.6
Algeria	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	2,880	1,505	1,380	3.3	3.7	3.0	6,240	3,190	3,055	3.1	3.3	2.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	130	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	270	140	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	990	495	500	1.1	1.2	1.1	2,370	1,190	1,175	1.2	1.2	1.1
Somalia	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	1,300	660	640	1.5	1.6	1.4	2,325	1,130	1,190	1.2	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,725	820	905	2.0	2.0	2.0	4,175	2,000	2,175	2.1	2.1	2.1
Asia	46,460	21,815	24,645	53.2	53.0	53.4	102,270	48,850	53,420	50.7	51.1	50.4
Afghanistan	460	195	260	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,450	700	745	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	1,385	685	695	1.6	1.7	1.5	2,335	1,160	1,175	1.2	1.2	1.1
Iraq	1,515	720	790	1.7	1.7	1.7	4,380	2,180	2,200	2.2	2.3	2.1
Lebanon	675	340	335	0.8	0.8	0.7	1,440	780	665	0.7	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	1,135	565	575	1.3	1.4	1.2	2,070	1,045	1,025	1.0	1.1	1.0
Turkey	535	295	240	0.6	0.7	0.5	1,015	555	465	0.5	0.6	0.4
China⁹⁰	13,330	6,140	7,190	15.3	14.9	15.6	17,135	7,805	9,335	8.5	8.2	8.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,205	550	655	1.4	1.3	1.4	1,900	900	1,000	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	2,180	975	1,210	2.5	2.4	2.6	3,665	1,655	2,010	1.8	1.7	1.9
Taiwan	380	170	205	0.4	0.4	0.4	615	275	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	2,935	1,070	1,865	3.4	2.6	4.0	8,665	3,480	5,180	4.3	3.6	4.9
Viet Nam	740	315	425	0.8	0.8	0.9	1,855	780	1,075	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	240	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3	765	380	385	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	8,875	4,360	4,510	10.2	10.6	9.8	23,255	11,540	11,720	11.5	12.1	11.1
Pakistan	4,980	2,495	2,480	5.7	6.1	5.4	18,335	9,175	9,160	9.1	9.6	8.6
Sri Lanka	595	300	295	0.7	0.7	0.6	1,930	935	995	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	5,295	2,520	2,775	6.1	6.1	6.0	11,455	5,500	5,950	5.7	5.7	5.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	380	230	155	0.4	0.6	0.3	780	425	355	0.4	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15,495	7,595	7,895	100.0	100.0	100.0	31,390	15,275	16,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,090	1,040	1,045	13.5	13.7	13.2	3,855	1,865	1,990	12.3	12.2	12.4
Brazil	485	225	260	3.1	3.0	3.3	745	350	395	2.4	2.3	2.5
Colombia	160	85	70	1.0	1.1	0.9	330	170	165	1.1	1.1	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3	160	85	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	180	90	95	1.2	1.2	1.2	310	140	170	1.0	0.9	1.1
United States of America	715	395	320	4.6	5.2	4.1	1,285	655	625	4.1	4.3	3.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	170	70	100	1.1	0.9	1.3	415	170	245	1.3	1.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	330	150	175	2.1	2.0	2.2	620	300	325	2.0	2.0	2.0
Europe	1,420	745	670	9.2	9.8	8.5	2,735	1,395	1,340	8.7	9.1	8.3
France	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3	85	60	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italy	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	100	70	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Russian Federation	175	85	90	1.1	1.1	1.1	285	125	165	0.9	0.8	1.0
Ukraine	95	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6	165	70	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	545	300	245	3.5	3.9	3.1	935	495	440	3.0	3.2	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	450	230	220	2.9	3.0	2.8	995	480	510	3.2	3.1	3.2
Africa	1,685	855	825	10.9	11.3	10.4	3,575	1,725	1,855	11.4	11.3	11.5
Algeria	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	595	305	290	3.8	4.0	3.7	1,265	610	650	4.0	4.0	4.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Morocco	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	410	200	210	2.6	2.6	2.7	1,095	520	580	3.5	3.4	3.6
Somalia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	475	240	230	3.1	3.2	2.9	620	315	305	2.0	2.1	1.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	95	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.6	335	155	180	1.1	1.0	1.1
Asia	10,250	4,925	5,325	66.2	64.8	67.4	21,140	10,250	10,890	67.3	67.1	67.6
Afghanistan	90	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.6	245	125	125	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	3,695	1,735	1,960	23.8	22.8	24.8	4,375	2,030	2,350	13.9	13.3	14.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	50	50	0.6	0.7	0.6	110	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	2,200	1,075	1,120	14.2	14.2	14.2	6,075	3,005	3,075	19.4	19.7	19.1
Iran⁸⁸	140	50	90	0.9	0.7	1.1	275	115	160	0.9	0.8	1.0
Iraq	195	115	90	1.3	1.5	1.1	885	470	420	2.8	3.1	2.6
Israel	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japan	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	145	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.8	285	140	140	0.9	0.9	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	170	95	80	1.1	1.3	1.0	395	205	185	1.3	1.3	1.1
Lebanon	135	65	70	0.9	0.9	0.9	220	115	105	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pakistan	795	435	365	5.1	5.7	4.6	2,585	1,325	1,255	8.2	8.7	7.8
Philippines	540	205	335	3.5	2.7	4.2	1,440	590	850	4.6	3.9	5.3
Saudi Arabia	260	130	125	1.7	1.7	1.6	580	315	270	1.8	2.1	1.7
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	700	325	375	4.5	4.3	4.7	1,280	615	660	4.1	4.0	4.1
Turkey	235	125	115	1.5	1.6	1.5	400	220	175	1.3	1.4	1.1
United Arab Emirates	380	215	165	2.5	2.8	2.1	720	380	335	2.3	2.5	2.1
Viet Nam	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3	170	75	95	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	330	130	200	2.1	1.7	2.5	740	320	415	2.4	2.1	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	80	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	70	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	212,060	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	95,450	45,145	50,305	45.0	43.9	46.1	217,110	103,295	113,810	36.8	35.9	37.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	57,375	28,760	28,615	27.1	28.0	26.2	159,675	79,480	80,190	27.1	27.6	26.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,230	28,970	30,265	27.9	28.2	27.7	212,990	104,710	108,275	36.1	36.4	35.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	72,085	34,040	38,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	163,085	77,735	85,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	50,485	25,090	25,395	70.0	73.7	66.7	105,125	52,990	52,140	64.5	68.2	61.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	18,870	12,490	6,380	26.2	36.7	16.8	38,690	25,980	12,715	23.7	33.4	14.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	31,610	12,600	19,010	43.9	37.0	50.0	66,435	27,010	39,430	40.7	34.7	46.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	14,840	5,540	9,290	20.6	16.3	24.4	38,955	15,210	23,745	23.9	19.6	27.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,340	3,200	3,140	8.8	9.4	8.3	17,945	9,025	8,920	11.0	11.6	10.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	425	205	215	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,060	520	540	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	72,085	34,040	38,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	163,085	77,735	85,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,515	1,320	1,195	3.5	3.9	3.1	7,510	3,920	3,585	4.6	5.0	4.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,095	2,750	3,345	8.5	8.1	8.8	13,300	6,105	7,185	8.2	7.9	8.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	2,245	1,165	1,080	3.1	3.4	2.8	4,315	2,240	2,070	2.6	2.9	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,530	1,740	1,790	4.9	5.1	4.7	7,290	3,670	3,615	4.5	4.7	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	300	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4	770	380	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	57,400	26,915	30,485	79.6	79.1	80.1	129,915	61,410	68,500	79.7	79.0	80.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	212,060	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	90,130	43,230	46,895	42.5	42.0	43.0	209,505	101,680	107,825	35.5	35.4	35.7
South Asian	28,685	14,310	14,375	13.5	13.9	13.2	81,245	40,750	40,495	13.8	14.2	13.4
Chinese	23,055	10,870	12,185	10.9	10.6	11.2	31,835	14,915	16,920	5.4	5.2	5.6
Black	7,020	3,335	3,680	3.3	3.2	3.4	20,430	9,765	10,660	3.5	3.4	3.5
Filipino	4,170	1,655	2,515	2.0	1.6	2.3	13,135	5,715	7,415	2.2	2.0	2.5
Arab	10,020	5,045	4,975	4.7	4.9	4.6	21,935	11,080	10,855	3.7	3.9	3.6
Latin American	4,265	1,925	2,340	2.0	1.9	2.1	11,495	5,330	6,165	1.9	1.9	2.0
Southeast Asian	1,600	705	900	0.8	0.7	0.8	4,160	1,920	2,235	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	2,480	1,240	1,240	1.2	1.2	1.1	5,850	2,950	2,895	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	3,440	1,620	1,820	1.6	1.6	1.7	5,820	2,750	3,065	1.0	1.0	1.0
Japanese	660	310	350	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,675	810	860	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,290	595	695	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,590	1,735	1,860	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	3,445	1,620	1,825	1.6	1.6	1.7	8,350	3,965	4,390	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	121,930	59,640	62,285	57.5	58.0	57.0	380,265	185,810	194,455	64.5	64.6	64.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	212,055	102,875	109,180	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,040	8,485	8,555	8.0	8.2	7.8	60,905	30,125	30,775	10.3	10.5	10.2
English	30,610	14,950	15,660	14.4	14.5	14.3	104,310	51,020	53,285	17.7	17.7	17.6
Irish	24,840	11,740	13,100	11.7	11.4	12.0	82,250	39,180	43,070	13.9	13.6	14.2
Scottish	24,210	11,840	12,370	11.4	11.5	11.3	83,820	40,640	43,180	14.2	14.1	14.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,570	4,505	5,065	4.5	4.4	4.6	29,865	14,145	15,720	5.1	4.9	5.2
German	11,935	5,830	6,105	5.6	5.7	5.6	40,260	19,590	20,670	6.8	6.8	6.8
Chinese	22,720	10,650	12,070	10.7	10.4	11.1	32,910	15,310	17,600	5.6	5.3	5.8
Italian	15,315	7,790	7,525	7.2	7.6	6.9	43,970	22,295	21,675	7.5	7.8	7.2
Indian (India)	15,700	7,805	7,895	7.4	7.6	7.2	38,950	19,240	19,710	6.6	6.7	6.5
Ukrainian	6,060	2,950	3,115	2.9	2.9	2.9	18,075	8,605	9,470	3.1	3.0	3.1
Dutch	4,645	2,405	2,245	2.2	2.3	2.1	17,790	8,810	8,975	3.0	3.1	3.0
Polish	8,660	4,140	4,520	4.1	4.0	4.1	26,940	12,905	14,035	4.6	4.5	4.6
Québécois	285	130	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	705	350	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	8,190	3,900	4,290	3.9	3.8	3.9	26,525	12,560	13,965	4.5	4.4	4.6
Filipino	4,250	1,710	2,540	2.0	1.7	2.3	13,460	5,885	7,575	2.3	2.0	2.5
French Canadian	1,750	790	965	0.8	0.8	0.9	6,180	2,975	3,205	1.0	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,475	1,245	1,230	1.2	1.2	1.1	7,105	3,590	3,515	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	625	295	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,705	1,340	1,365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis	635	280	355	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,450	1,095	1,360	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,715	1,395	1,330	1.3	1.4	1.2	7,375	3,715	3,660	1.3	1.3	1.2
Russian	3,055	1,415	1,640	1.4	1.4	1.5	7,095	3,325	3,765	1.2	1.2	1.2
Norwegian	865	435	435	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,635	1,240	1,405	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	2,620	1,260	1,360	1.2	1.2	1.2	8,825	4,060	4,770	1.5	1.4	1.6
Portuguese	6,720	3,240	3,480	3.2	3.1	3.2	19,165	9,450	9,715	3.2	3.3	3.2
American	2,415	1,185	1,235	1.1	1.2	1.1	6,695	3,140	3,560	1.1	1.1	1.2
Spanish	2,995	1,315	1,685	1.4	1.3	1.5	7,615	3,525	4,085	1.3	1.2	1.4
Swedish	1,095	475	615	0.5	0.5	0.6	2,680	1,215	1,460	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	2,290	1,090	1,195	1.1	1.1	1.1	6,910	3,405	3,505	1.2	1.2	1.2
Acadian	305	140	165	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,270	590	680	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	6,975	3,425	3,550	3.3	3.3	3.3	25,600	12,840	12,755	4.3	4.5	4.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,870	955	915	0.9	0.9	0.8	4,950	2,440	2,510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	1,285	635	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,915	1,450	1,465	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	2,155	1,035	1,120	1.0	1.0	1.0	5,700	2,890	2,810	1.0	1.0	0.9
Vietnamese	1,210	535	685	0.6	0.5	0.6	3,215	1,450	1,765	0.5	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	3,910	1,965	1,940	1.8	1.9	1.8	8,345	4,290	4,060	1.4	1.5	1.3
Greek	2,620	1,410	1,210	1.2	1.4	1.1	6,280	3,130	3,150	1.1	1.1	1.0
Jamaican	2,110	1,065	1,040	1.0	1.0	1.0	6,565	3,190	3,370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,305	1,075	1,230	1.1	1.0	1.1	4,815	2,345	2,475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	190	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	3,440	1,590	1,850	1.6	1.5	1.7	5,835	2,735	3,100	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	1,855	975	885	0.9	0.9	0.8	4,005	1,940	2,070	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	1,560	775	785	0.7	0.8	0.7	3,540	1,745	1,795	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	1,540	770	770	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,730	1,325	1,400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,390	665	730	0.7	0.6	0.7	3,170	1,550	1,615	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	895	415	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,705	1,300	1,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	835	370	470	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	1,060	525	535	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,660	1,315	1,345	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austrian	1,190	600	595	0.6	0.6	0.5	3,445	1,680	1,770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	565	310	250	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,820	915	905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	2,225	1,155	1,070	1.0	1.1	1.0	5,395	2,825	2,565	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mexican	935	485	450	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,385	1,240	1,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	160	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	560	240	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	750	415	335	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,025	1,060	965	0.3	0.4	0.3
Finnish	880	470	415	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,200	1,175	1,025	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lankan	635	310	330	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,010	990	1,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	3,865	1,815	2,050	1.8	1.8	1.9	9,480	4,675	4,805	1.6	1.6	1.6
Japanese	915	440	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,290	1,105	1,175	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,810	920	885	0.9	0.9	0.8	4,520	2,300	2,225	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	195	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	790	350	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	560	280	280	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,480	700	780	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	1,245	615	630	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,490	2,260	2,235	0.8	0.8	0.7
Egyptian	3,830	2,005	1,825	1.8	1.9	1.7	8,135	4,225	3,910	1.4	1.5	1.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	925	470	455	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,445	1,205	1,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	485	235	255	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,620	795	830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	305	155	145	0.1	0.2	0.1	735	355	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	1,000	485	520	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,940	1,380	1,560	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	325	155	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	730	380	345	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,005	945	1,065	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	1,375	680	695	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,885	1,410	1,475	0.5	0.5	0.5
Guyanese	605	250	355	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,555	1,285	1,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afghan	890	375	515	0.4	0.4	0.5	2,810	1,400	1,410	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	390	180	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,405	670	740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	2,065	1,025	1,040	1.0	1.0	1.0	4,370	2,170	2,200	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ojibway	130	40	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	480	230	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	300	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,000	470	530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	535	255	275	0.3	0.2	0.3	835	415	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	555	285	270	0.3	0.3	0.2	2,055	1,050	1,005	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian	845	450	395	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,685	860	825	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,085	490	590	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,935	1,405	1,530	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkish	1,205	670	535	0.6	0.7	0.5	2,555	1,355	1,195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2	990	460	525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	960	440	520	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,925	885	1,030	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	725	365	360	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,670	805	865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	485	240	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,105	560	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	875	455	420	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,035	1,025	1,010	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	510	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,190	585	605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	340	155	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	330	150	180	0.2	0.1	0.2	580	235	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	1,025	500	525	0.5	0.5	0.5	3,150	1,530	1,620	0.5	0.5	0.5
Salvadorean	95	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	470	190	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	425	175	255	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,370	645	720	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	680	345	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,350	680	670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,310	680	630	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,585	1,375	1,210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	470	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,305	580	720	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	465	195	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,235	580	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	660	275	385	0.3	0.3	0.4	1,635	745	895	0.3	0.3	0.3
South African	985	460	530	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,005	930	1,080	0.3	0.3	0.4
Australian	435	240	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	960	490	470	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	1,310	660	650	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,700	1,400	1,300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chilean	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	230	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	525	245	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	120	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	390	170	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,085	490	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	655	260	395	0.3	0.3	0.4	1,365	610	750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	500	255	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,485	710	775	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	640	315	325	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,295	655	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	860	420	440	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,875	1,415	1,460	0.5	0.5	0.5
Macedonian	710	340	370	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,825	880	945	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	730	365	370	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,065	1,020	1,050	0.4	0.4	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	230	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	235	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	105	215	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	405	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,075	525	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	525	215	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	495	220	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	475	265	215	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,020	530	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	655	330	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	255	105	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	870	405	465	0.1	0.1	0.2
African American	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	780	360	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	445	205	245	0.2	0.2	0.2	925	440	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	675	310	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	580	280	300	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,250	610	635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	845	420	425	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,660	830	830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	265	120	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	700	320	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	140	95	40	0.1	0.1	0.0	400	235	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	80	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	110	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	265	120	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	215	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	305	120	185	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	165	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	340	155	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	985	465	520	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	380	190	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	180	60	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	610	260	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	105	165	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	250	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	695	325	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	890	425	465	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	300	165	135	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	35	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	160	120	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	110	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	320	135	185	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	865	450	420	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,265	1,130	1,130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Thai	130	40	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	270	100	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	175	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	165	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	145	135	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	170	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	255	135	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	235	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	220	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	155	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	75	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	190	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	155	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	110	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	175	60	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	395	175	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	110	45	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	190	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	115	165	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	105	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0	300	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	490	260	225	0.2	0.3	0.2	850	455	395	0.1	0.2	0.1
Manitoban	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	335	185	145	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	140	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	300	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	505	285	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	325	150	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	175	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	395	200	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	225	85	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	570	255	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	395	210	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	235	90	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	60	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	270	105	165	0.0	0.0	0.1
Central African	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	105	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	295	165	130	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	190	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	365	195	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	535	265	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Singaporean	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	212,060	102,875	109,185	100.0	100.0	100.0	589,770	287,490	302,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,390	1,080	1,310	1.1	1.0	1.2	4,535	2,005	2,525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Christian	111,530	52,170	59,360	52.6	50.7	54.4	320,535	149,745	170,790	54.3	52.1	56.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	14,520	6,630	7,890	6.8	6.4	7.2	40,580	18,905	21,680	6.9	6.6	7.2
Anabaptist	460	200	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,000	505	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	7,990	3,755	4,235	3.8	3.7	3.9	25,365	11,575	13,790	4.3	4.0	4.6
Baptist	1,525	655	875	0.7	0.6	0.8	5,125	2,330	2,800	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catholic	61,055	28,805	32,250	28.8	28.0	29.5	173,300	82,230	91,070	29.4	28.6	30.1
Christian Orthodox	8,405	4,200	4,205	4.0	4.1	3.9	18,090	8,920	9,165	3.1	3.1	3.0
Jehovah's Witness	470	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,395	595	805	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	365	165	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,320	625	690	0.6	0.6	0.6	3,675	1,625	2,050	0.6	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	415	210	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,060	480	580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,265	590	675	0.6	0.6	0.6	5,205	2,295	2,915	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	3,080	1,385	1,690	1.5	1.3	1.5	10,135	4,480	5,655	1.7	1.6	1.9
Reformed	370	205	155	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,775	890	890	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	6,910	3,040	3,870	3.3	3.0	3.5	22,105	9,545	12,565	3.7	3.3	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,650	1,625	2,025	1.7	1.6	1.9	11,360	5,220	6,135	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	9,510	4,775	4,735	4.5	4.6	4.3	22,610	11,475	11,140	3.8	4.0	3.7
Jewish	1,340	655	680	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,560	1,270	1,290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	22,015	10,895	11,120	10.4	10.6	10.2	61,560	30,855	30,705	10.4	10.7	10.2
Sikh	4,045	1,935	2,110	1.9	1.9	1.9	10,615	5,145	5,470	1.8	1.8	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,140	535	600	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,785	1,145	1,645	0.5	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	60,075	30,815	29,260	28.3	30.0	26.8	164,530	85,840	78,690	27.9	29.9	26.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	210,570	102,135	108,435	100.0	100.0	100.0	584,730	284,950	299,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	185,150	89,745	95,400	87.9	87.9	88.0	519,805	253,185	266,625	88.9	88.9	88.9
Movers	25,415	12,380	13,030	12.1	12.1	12.0	64,920	31,765	33,155	11.1	11.1	11.1
Non-migrants	10,240	4,820	5,410	4.9	4.7	5.0	26,300	12,690	13,610	4.5	4.5	4.5
Migrants	15,180	7,560	7,620	7.2	7.4	7.0	38,620	19,075	19,540	6.6	6.7	6.5
Internal migrants	11,865	5,820	6,045	5.6	5.7	5.6	32,885	16,090	16,800	5.6	5.6	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	10,950	5,405	5,540	5.2	5.3	5.1	31,015	15,240	15,775	5.3	5.3	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	920	420	500	0.4	0.4	0.5	1,875	845	1,025	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	3,310	1,735	1,575	1.6	1.7	1.5	5,735	2,990	2,740	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	202,780	98,245	104,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	560,180	272,655	287,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	122,625	59,410	63,220	60.5	60.5	60.5	347,450	169,235	178,215	62.0	62.1	62.0
Movers	80,155	38,840	41,315	39.5	39.5	39.5	212,740	103,420	109,310	38.0	37.9	38.0
Non-migrants	23,860	11,525	12,340	11.8	11.7	11.8	67,240	32,310	34,935	12.0	11.9	12.2
Migrants	56,295	27,320	28,975	27.8	27.8	27.7	145,495	71,115	74,380	26.0	26.1	25.9
Internal migrants	37,985	18,305	19,680	18.7	18.6	18.8	111,255	54,230	57,025	19.9	19.9	19.8
Intraprovincial migrants	33,815	16,305	17,510	16.7	16.6	16.8	102,690	49,950	52,735	18.3	18.3	18.3
Interprovincial migrants	4,175	2,005	2,170	2.1	2.0	2.1	8,560	4,280	4,280	1.5	1.6	1.5
External migrants	18,305	9,010	9,290	9.0	9.2	8.9	34,245	16,885	17,360	6.1	6.2	6.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	173,625	83,340	90,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,785	230,820	247,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,360	9,470	9,890	11.2	11.4	11.0	57,885	29,450	28,425	12.1	12.8	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	154,265	73,865	80,395	88.8	88.6	89.0	420,900	201,370	219,535	87.9	87.2	88.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	111,485	53,175	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	312,510	150,550	161,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,790	2,025	1,770	3.4	3.8	3.0	15,155	8,565	6,585	4.8	5.7	4.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	107,695	51,155	56,545	96.6	96.2	97.0	297,355	141,985	155,370	95.2	94.3	95.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	173,625	83,340	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,820	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,145	8,770	9,375	10.5	10.5	10.4	53,625	26,870	26,755	11.2	11.6	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,890	17,965	18,925	21.2	21.6	21.0	114,325	55,565	58,760	23.9	24.1	23.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	118,590	56,600	61,985	68.3	67.9	68.7	310,830	148,380	162,445	64.9	64.3	65.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,355	16,295	19,055	20.4	19.6	21.1	118,825	58,005	60,820	24.8	25.1	24.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,910	3,215	1,690	2.8	3.9	1.9	17,870	12,645	5,220	3.7	5.5	2.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,535	1,420	1,110	1.5	1.7	1.2	8,925	5,460	3,460	1.9	2.4	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,375	1,795	575	1.4	2.2	0.6	8,945	7,185	1,765	1.9	3.1	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,865	11,145	14,720	14.9	13.4	16.3	89,215	40,000	49,215	18.6	17.3	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,580	1,935	2,645	2.6	2.3	2.9	11,740	5,360	6,380	2.5	2.3	2.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	83,230	40,305	42,925	47.9	48.4	47.5	192,005	90,380	101,625	40.1	39.2	41.0
Bachelor's degree	51,400	23,935	27,465	29.6	28.7	30.4	124,745	56,565	68,180	26.1	24.5	27.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,225	2,365	2,865	3.0	2.8	3.2	11,810	5,140	6,670	2.5	2.2	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,380	1,125	1,260	1.4	1.3	1.4	5,155	2,340	2,815	1.1	1.0	1.1
Master's degree	21,565	11,275	10,290	12.4	13.5	11.4	45,005	23,115	21,885	9.4	10.0	8.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,660	1,605	1,055	1.5	1.9	1.2	5,285	3,210	2,075	1.1	1.4	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	111,485	53,175	58,315	100.0	100.0	100.0	312,505	150,550	161,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,190	1,690	1,505	2.9	3.2	2.6	12,870	7,235	5,635	4.1	4.8	3.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,200	7,670	7,530	13.6	14.4	12.9	55,425	28,610	26,815	17.7	19.0	16.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	93,095	43,815	49,280	83.5	82.4	84.5	244,215	114,705	129,510	78.1	76.2	80.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,120	11,685	13,435	22.5	22.0	23.0	86,160	42,190	43,970	27.6	28.0	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,070	2,015	1,055	2.8	3.8	1.8	11,430	8,205	3,225	3.7	5.5	2.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,555	845	710	1.4	1.6	1.2	5,550	3,460	2,085	1.8	2.3	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,515	1,165	355	1.4	2.2	0.6	5,885	4,740	1,145	1.9	3.1	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,915	8,395	10,520	17.0	15.8	18.0	66,660	30,435	36,230	21.3	20.2	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,135	1,280	1,860	2.8	2.4	3.2	8,065	3,550	4,515	2.6	2.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	67,975	32,130	35,845	61.0	60.4	61.5	158,060	72,515	85,545	50.6	48.2	52.8
Bachelor's degree	40,765	18,605	22,160	36.6	35.0	38.0	100,755	44,825	55,930	32.2	29.8	34.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,170	1,810	2,360	3.7	3.4	4.0	9,625	4,020	5,605	3.1	2.7	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,020	860	1,155	1.8	1.6	2.0	4,240	1,690	2,545	1.4	1.1	1.6
Master's degree	18,885	9,645	9,240	16.9	18.1	15.8	39,310	19,645	19,670	12.6	13.0	12.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,135	1,205	930	1.9	2.3	1.6	4,135	2,340	1,795	1.3	1.6	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	173,625	83,340	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,820	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	55,035	26,735	28,305	31.7	32.1	31.4	167,955	82,435	85,520	35.1	35.7	34.5
Education	5,675	950	4,725	3.3	1.1	5.2	16,835	3,065	13,765	3.5	1.3	5.6
13. Education	5,675	950	4,725	3.3	1.1	5.2	16,835	3,065	13,765	3.5	1.3	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,615	1,570	3,045	2.7	1.9	3.4	11,280	4,295	6,980	2.4	1.9	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	430	270	160	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,030	725	305	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	4,185	1,300	2,885	2.4	1.6	3.2	10,250	3,575	6,680	2.1	1.5	2.7
Humanities	7,085	2,110	4,970	4.1	2.5	5.5	18,285	5,740	12,545	3.8	2.5	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	835	160	670	0.5	0.2	0.7	1,710	310	1,405	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	1,925	420	1,505	1.1	0.5	1.7	4,790	1,060	3,730	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,250	650	1,600	1.3	0.8	1.8	5,950	1,825	4,120	1.2	0.8	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	150	40	110	0.1	0.0	0.1	495	145	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	385	180	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	985	485	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	295	170	125	0.2	0.2	0.1	955	515	440	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	920	460	460	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,570	1,335	1,235	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	325	35	290	0.2	0.0	0.3	835	70	765	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	17,395	6,415	10,980	10.0	7.7	12.2	44,170	15,190	28,980	9.2	6.6	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	30	95	0.1	0.0	0.1	365	70	295	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,155	730	1,420	1.2	0.9	1.6	5,435	2,045	3,390	1.1	0.9	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,580	100	1,475	0.9	0.1	1.6	5,455	350	5,100	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	2,810	1,125	1,680	1.6	1.3	1.9	6,230	2,205	4,025	1.3	1.0	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	330	130	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,000	355	645	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	2,520	530	1,995	1.5	0.6	2.2	7,010	1,530	5,480	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	7,880	3,765	4,120	4.5	4.5	4.6	18,675	8,635	10,045	3.9	3.7	4.1
Business, management and public administration	34,080	17,040	17,040	19.6	20.4	18.9	81,920	39,325	42,600	17.1	17.0	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,235	280	960	0.7	0.3	1.1	3,820	675	3,150	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	32,815	16,750	16,065	18.9	20.1	17.8	78,030	38,640	39,385	16.3	16.7	15.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,790	2,760	3,025	3.3	3.3	3.4	14,645	6,710	7,940	3.1	2.9	3.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,255	890	1,365	1.3	1.1	1.5	5,945	2,290	3,655	1.2	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,550	630	920	0.9	0.8	1.0	3,880	1,525	2,355	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.1	280	55	225	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,750	1,170	580	1.0	1.4	0.6	4,100	2,675	1,420	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	160	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,580	4,680	2,905	4.4	5.6	3.2	18,515	12,045	6,470	3.9	5.2	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,680	3,805	1,880	3.3	4.6	2.1	14,155	9,945	4,210	3.0	4.3	1.7
25. Library science	280	40	245	0.2	0.0	0.3	730	100	630	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,365	655	710	0.8	0.8	0.8	3,035	1,570	1,475	0.6	0.7	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	255	180	75	0.1	0.2	0.1	600	440	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,280	15,700	3,575	11.1	18.8	4.0	53,570	45,495	8,070	11.2	19.7	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,295	780	515	0.7	0.9	0.6	3,205	1,955	1,250	0.7	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	11,110	8,555	2,555	6.4	10.3	2.8	24,190	18,845	5,350	5.1	8.2	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,155	2,765	390	1.8	3.3	0.4	10,855	9,735	1,125	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,450	1,400	50	0.8	1.7	0.1	5,650	5,515	135	1.2	2.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,475	1,435	35	0.8	1.7	0.0	6,235	6,125	110	1.3	2.7	0.0
48. Precision production	795	765	35	0.5	0.9	0.0	3,430	3,330	95	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,425	740	685	0.8	0.9	0.8	4,515	2,375	2,140	0.9	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	855	445	415	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,945	1,500	1,450	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	570	300	275	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,570	875	695	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	12,565	3,215	9,345	7.2	3.9	10.4	35,505	8,210	27,290	7.4	3.6	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,465	725	735	0.8	0.9	0.8	4,425	2,200	2,220	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,455	2,150	8,310	6.0	2.6	9.2	29,625	5,285	24,340	6.2	2.3	9.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	15	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	610	330	280	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,345	705	640	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,080	1,415	1,670	1.8	1.7	1.8	11,490	5,905	5,585	2.4	2.6	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,705	395	1,315	1.0	0.5	1.5	5,505	1,375	4,140	1.1	0.6	1.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	50	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	890	590	305	0.5	0.7	0.3	4,105	2,840	1,270	0.9	1.2	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	430	390	45	0.2	0.5	0.0	1,765	1,595	170	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	111,485	53,175	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	312,510	150,555	161,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,390	9,360	9,030	16.5	17.6	15.5	68,290	35,850	32,445	21.9	23.8	20.0
Education	3,990	595	3,390	3.6	1.1	5.8	12,250	2,095	10,155	3.9	1.4	6.3
13. Education	3,990	595	3,390	3.6	1.1	5.8	12,250	2,095	10,155	3.9	1.4	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,455	1,170	2,285	3.1	2.2	3.9	8,675	3,200	5,475	2.8	2.1	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	335	215	115	0.3	0.4	0.2	775	525	250	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,120	955	2,165	2.8	1.8	3.7	7,900	2,675	5,225	2.5	1.8	3.2
Humanities	5,090	1,465	3,625	4.6	2.8	6.2	13,625	4,150	9,475	4.4	2.8	5.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	670	115	550	0.6	0.2	0.9	1,305	215	1,095	0.4	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,385	285	1,100	1.2	0.5	1.9	3,605	785	2,820	1.2	0.5	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,605	465	1,135	1.4	0.9	1.9	4,435	1,335	3,100	1.4	0.9	1.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	355	95	260	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	260	135	120	0.2	0.3	0.2	735	340	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	640	380	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,925	960	965	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	250	20	230	0.2	0.0	0.4	625	50	575	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,875	4,880	8,995	12.4	9.2	15.4	35,510	11,695	23,815	11.4	7.8	14.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	300	50	245	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,750	550	1,205	1.6	1.0	2.1	4,545	1,625	2,920	1.5	1.1	1.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,235	70	1,160	1.1	0.1	2.0	4,280	235	4,045	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	2,300	830	1,470	2.1	1.6	2.5	5,165	1,645	3,520	1.7	1.1	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	705	250	455	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,940	405	1,545	1.7	0.8	2.6	5,560	1,165	4,390	1.8	0.8	2.7
45. Social sciences	6,310	2,900	3,410	5.7	5.5	5.8	14,960	6,720	8,240	4.8	4.5	5.1
Business, management and public administration	28,140	13,885	14,260	25.2	26.1	24.5	67,295	31,890	35,405	21.5	21.2	21.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	905	190	715	0.8	0.4	1.2	3,095	475	2,620	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	27,215	13,690	13,525	24.4	25.7	23.2	64,150	31,415	32,735	20.5	20.9	20.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,200	1,905	2,295	3.8	3.6	3.9	10,985	4,765	6,220	3.5	3.2	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,675	670	1,005	1.5	1.3	1.7	4,585	1,740	2,845	1.5	1.2	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,185	465	720	1.1	0.9	1.2	3,035	1,165	1,870	1.0	0.8	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	95	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	245	55	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,165	730	440	1.0	1.4	0.8	2,840	1,715	1,125	0.9	1.1	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	85	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,540	4,100	2,445	5.9	7.7	4.2	16,015	10,550	5,470	5.1	7.0	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,040	3,400	1,640	4.5	6.4	2.8	12,640	8,900	3,740	4.0	5.9	2.3
25. Library science	170	30	140	0.2	0.1	0.2	445	75	365	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,115	515	605	1.0	1.0	1.0	2,460	1,215	1,245	0.8	0.8	0.8
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	210	155	55	0.2	0.3	0.1	475	355	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,805	11,670	3,135	13.3	21.9	5.4	40,730	33,680	7,050	13.0	22.4	4.4
04. Architecture and related services	1,040	595	435	0.9	1.1	0.7	2,600	1,560	1,040	0.8	1.0	0.6
14. Engineering	8,980	6,665	2,315	8.1	12.5	4.0	19,695	14,805	4,895	6.3	9.8	3.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,280	1,965	315	2.0	3.7	0.5	7,930	7,030	900	2.5	4.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,025	990	40	0.9	1.9	0.1	3,950	3,850	105	1.3	2.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,005	985	20	0.9	1.9	0.0	4,365	4,300	65	1.4	2.9	0.0
48. Precision production	485	470	15	0.4	0.9	0.0	2,180	2,135	40	0.7	1.4	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,155	575	580	1.0	1.1	1.0	3,435	1,740	1,695	1.1	1.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665	330	340	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,145	1,040	1,110	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	245	240	0.4	0.5	0.4	1,295	700	595	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	9,455	2,485	6,970	8.5	4.7	12.0	26,775	6,380	20,395	8.6	4.2	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,040	510	525	0.9	1.0	0.9	3,370	1,660	1,710	1.1	1.1	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,870	1,705	6,165	7.1	3.2	10.6	22,225	4,190	18,035	7.1	2.8	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	0	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	515	260	260	0.5	0.5	0.4	1,095	525	570	0.4	0.3	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,385	1,085	1,305	2.1	2.0	2.2	8,830	4,525	4,300	2.8	3.0	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,315	285	1,030	1.2	0.5	1.8	4,160	1,015	3,150	1.3	0.7	1.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	720	485	235	0.6	0.9	0.4	3,320	2,300	1,025	1.1	1.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	285	30	0.3	0.5	0.1	1,290	1,165	130	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	111,485	53,175	58,310	100.0	100.0	100.0	312,510	150,555	161,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,390	9,360	9,030	16.5	17.6	15.5	68,290	35,850	32,445	21.9	23.8	20.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	93,095	43,815	49,275	83.5	82.4	84.5	244,220	114,705	129,515	78.1	76.2	80.0
Location of study inside Canada	59,365	28,245	31,120	53.2	53.1	53.4	171,485	80,750	90,725	54.9	53.6	56.0
Same as province or territory of residence	53,085	25,195	27,895	47.6	47.4	47.8	157,740	74,000	83,740	50.5	49.2	51.7
Different than province or territory of residence	6,280	3,050	3,230	5.6	5.7	5.5	13,745	6,750	6,995	4.4	4.5	4.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	33,730	15,570	18,155	30.3	29.3	31.1	72,735	33,955	38,785	23.3	22.6	23.9
Americas	6,775	3,240	3,540	6.1	6.1	6.1	14,600	7,055	7,545	4.7	4.7	4.7
United States of America	4,285	2,210	2,070	3.8	4.2	3.5	9,050	4,685	4,360	2.9	3.1	2.7
Mexico	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3	805	340	470	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	125	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	590	255	335	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,025	445	585	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	295	100	195	0.3	0.2	0.3	855	335	515	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peru	240	95	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	370	135	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	420	175	250	0.4	0.3	0.4	930	400	535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	455	190	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,115	520	595	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	6,940	3,520	3,415	6.2	6.6	5.9	14,255	7,430	6,825	4.6	4.9	4.2
Belgium	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	440	255	185	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germany	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	410	210	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	125	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	135	85	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	505	220	285	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,220	505	715	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romania	510	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,020	485	535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	485	225	265	0.4	0.4	0.5	790	350	435	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	415	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4	765	340	425	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	170	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	385	225	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,795	1,540	1,255	2.5	2.9	2.2	5,940	3,400	2,540	1.9	2.3	1.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	360	195	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	980	460	525	0.9	0.9	0.9	1,860	895	970	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	2,680	1,310	1,375	2.4	2.5	2.4	5,620	2,740	2,880	1.8	1.8	1.8
Nigeria	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3	805	385	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algeria	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	1,435	690	745	1.3	1.3	1.3	3,070	1,470	1,595	1.0	1.0	1.0
South Africa, Republic of	635	335	305	0.6	0.6	0.5	970	510	460	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	600	330	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	16,735	7,170	9,565	15.0	13.5	16.4	36,875	16,065	20,810	11.8	10.7	12.8
Iran⁸⁸	365	145	220	0.3	0.3	0.4	655	275	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	530	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,445	705	730	0.5	0.5	0.5
Israel	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	115	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	215	65	150	0.2	0.1	0.3	450	155	290	0.1	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	280	130	150	0.3	0.2	0.3	530	220	310	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkey	270	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2	490	255	235	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	5,530	2,470	3,055	5.0	4.6	5.2	6,890	3,060	3,835	2.2	2.0	2.4
Taiwan	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	155	40	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	225	75	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	895	310	580	0.8	0.6	1.0	1,430	505	920	0.5	0.3	0.6
Philippines	1,255	330	925	1.1	0.6	1.6	3,645	1,245	2,400	1.2	0.8	1.5
Viet Nam	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	205	75	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	115	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	3,905	1,800	2,110	3.5	3.4	3.6	10,750	4,935	5,815	3.4	3.3	3.6
Pakistan	1,690	725	965	1.5	1.4	1.7	6,765	3,045	3,725	2.2	2.0	2.3
Other locations of study in Asia	1,140	515	620	1.0	1.0	1.1	2,505	1,130	1,380	0.8	0.8	0.9
Oceania	590	330	260	0.5	0.6	0.4	1,385	660	720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australia	520	300	225	0.5	0.6	0.4	1,225	590	635	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	173,625	83,340	90,290	...	...	...	478,780	230,820	247,960	...	...	...
In the labour force	113,195	58,365	54,830	...	...	...	320,175	165,875	154,305	...	...	...
Employed	99,950	52,465	47,485	...	...	...	284,705	149,590	135,110	...	...	...
Unemployed	13,245	5,900	7,345	...	...	...	35,475	16,280	19,195	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	60,435	24,975	35,460	...	...	...	158,605	64,945	93,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.2	70.0	60.7	65.2	70.0	60.7	66.9	71.9	62.2	66.9	71.9	62.2
Employment rate	57.6	63.0	52.6	57.6	63.0	52.6	59.5	64.8	54.5	59.5	64.8	54.5
Unemployment rate	11.7	10.1	13.4	11.7	10.1	13.4	11.1	9.8	12.4	11.1	9.8	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	173,625	83,340	90,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	478,780	230,820	247,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	61,575	25,635	35,935	35.5	30.8	39.8	160,020	66,600	93,420	33.4	28.9	37.7
Worked	112,050	57,700	54,350	64.5	69.2	60.2	318,760	164,220	154,545	66.6	71.1	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	63,085	35,465	27,625	36.3	42.6	30.6	183,530	102,890	80,640	38.3	44.6	32.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	48,965	22,240	26,730	28.2	26.7	29.6	135,230	61,335	73,900	28.2	26.6	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.2	39.9	41.1	42.2	39.9	41.6	42.7	40.4	41.6	42.7	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	113,190	58,360	54,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	320,180	165,870	154,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,660	1,685	1,975	3.2	2.9	3.6	8,495	3,975	4,515	2.7	2.4	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	109,530	56,680	52,850	96.8	97.1	96.4	311,685	161,900	149,790	97.3	97.6	97.1
Employee	88,730	43,930	44,800	78.4	75.3	81.7	261,100	130,750	130,350	81.5	78.8	84.5
Permanent position	73,970	37,335	36,640	65.4	64.0	66.8	223,755	113,830	109,925	69.9	68.6	71.2
Temporary position	14,760	6,595	8,160	13.0	11.3	14.9	37,340	16,920	20,425	11.7	10.2	13.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,580	1,955	2,625	4.0	3.3	4.8	11,615	5,065	6,550	3.6	3.1	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10,180	4,650	5,535	9.0	8.0	10.1	25,730	11,860	13,875	8.0	7.2	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	20,800	12,745	8,055	18.4	21.8	14.7	50,590	31,145	19,440	15.8	18.8	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	113,190	58,360	54,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	320,180	165,870	154,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,660	1,685	1,975	3.2	2.9	3.6	8,495	3,975	4,515	2.7	2.4	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	109,530	56,680	52,850	96.8	97.1	96.4	311,685	161,900	149,790	97.3	97.6	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	3,535	2,645	895	3.1	4.5	1.6	7,735	5,730	2,000	2.4	3.5	1.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	27,150	10,825	16,320	24.0	18.5	29.8	70,115	26,130	43,985	21.9	15.8	28.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	14,760	10,840	3,925	13.0	18.6	7.2	37,280	28,020	9,255	11.6	16.9	6.0
3 Health occupations	7,450	2,035	5,415	6.6	3.5	9.9	20,660	4,770	15,885	6.5	2.9	10.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,590	4,185	8,400	11.1	7.2	15.3	37,205	11,755	25,450	11.6	7.1	16.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,190	1,840	2,355	3.7	3.2	4.3	10,510	4,555	5,960	3.3	2.7	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	25,870	12,605	13,260	22.9	21.6	24.2	75,535	36,320	39,215	23.6	21.9	25.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,235	9,045	1,190	9.0	15.5	2.2	38,430	34,375	4,055	12.0	20.7	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	990	705	285	0.9	1.2	0.5	3,790	2,680	1,105	1.2	1.6	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,765	1,955	805	2.4	3.3	1.5	10,425	7,555	2,865	3.3	4.6	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	113,190	58,360	54,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	320,180	165,870	154,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,660	1,685	1,975	3.2	2.9	3.6	8,495	3,975	4,515	2.7	2.4	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	109,530	56,680	52,850	96.8	97.1	96.4	311,685	161,900	149,790	97.3	97.6	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,620	750	865	0.5	0.5	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	465	310	160	0.4	0.5	0.3	980	650	335	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	780	555	225	0.7	1.0	0.4	2,210	1,605	610	0.7	1.0	0.4
23 Construction	5,540	4,590	945	4.9	7.9	1.7	18,920	15,965	2,950	5.9	9.6	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	7,425	4,890	2,535	6.6	8.4	4.6	26,465	18,165	8,300	8.3	11.0	5.4
41 Wholesale trade	5,790	3,520	2,270	5.1	6.0	4.1	17,215	10,520	6,690	5.4	6.3	4.3
44-45 Retail trade	11,620	5,730	5,895	10.3	9.8	10.8	35,745	17,700	18,040	11.2	10.7	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,195	2,955	1,240	3.7	5.1	2.3	15,255	10,800	4,455	4.8	6.5	2.9
51 Information and cultural industries	3,195	2,005	1,190	2.8	3.4	2.2	8,190	5,110	3,080	2.6	3.1	2.0
52 Finance and insurance	11,800	6,495	5,305	10.4	11.1	9.7	25,890	13,475	12,415	8.1	8.1	8.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,460	1,780	1,685	3.1	3.1	3.1	7,820	3,925	3,895	2.4	2.4	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,005	10,140	6,865	15.0	17.4	12.5	39,395	22,965	16,435	12.3	13.8	10.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,020	445	570	0.9	0.8	1.0	2,275	1,105	1,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,685	1,985	1,695	3.3	3.4	3.1	11,515	6,560	4,955	3.6	4.0	3.2
61 Educational services	8,135	2,275	5,860	7.2	3.9	10.7	24,640	6,560	18,085	7.7	4.0	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	10,655	2,475	8,175	9.4	4.2	14.9	31,090	6,395	24,695	9.7	3.9	16.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,020	990	1,035	1.8	1.7	1.9	5,280	2,660	2,620	1.6	1.6	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	4,970	2,175	2,795	4.4	3.7	5.1	13,960	6,060	7,905	4.4	3.7	5.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,430	1,340	2,095	3.0	2.3	3.8	10,420	4,550	5,865	3.3	2.7	3.8
91 Public administration	4,035	1,905	2,130	3.6	3.3	3.9	12,800	6,365	6,430	4.0	3.8	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	120,275	61,705	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	339,980	174,690	165,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	111,145	57,360	53,785	92.4	93.0	91.8	320,095	165,415	154,685	94.2	94.7	93.6
French	260	40	220	0.2	0.1	0.4	715	135	575	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	1,180	665	515	1.0	1.1	0.9	1,900	1,010	895	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,180	665	515	1.0	1.1	0.9	1,900	1,010	895	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and French	2,320	890	1,430	1.9	1.4	2.4	6,000	2,280	3,720	1.8	1.3	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,135	2,645	2,495	4.3	4.3	4.3	10,820	5,660	5,165	3.2	3.2	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	410	170	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	120,275	61,705	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	339,980	174,690	165,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,040	61,120	57,925	99.0	99.1	98.9	337,150	173,395	163,755	99.2	99.3	99.1
Official languages	116,855	59,985	56,870	97.2	97.2	97.1	333,385	171,485	161,900	98.1	98.2	98.0
English	116,365	59,895	56,475	96.7	97.1	96.4	331,930	171,185	160,745	97.6	98.0	97.3
French	490	85	400	0.4	0.1	0.7	1,455	295	1,155	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	2,185	1,135	1,050	1.8	1.8	1.8	3,765	1,915	1,855	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,180	1,135	1,045	1.8	1.8	1.8	3,760	1,915	1,850	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	210	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	205	115	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	555	270	285	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,450	725	725	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	130	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	570	300	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	285	245	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	555	260	295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	350	150	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,310	715	600	1.1	1.2	1.0	1,570	865	705	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	1,310	715	600	1.1	1.2	1.0	1,570	865	705	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,245	665	580	1.0	1.1	1.0	1,430	770	660	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	140	95	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,235	585	650	1.0	0.9	1.1	2,830	1,295	1,530	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	320	95	225	0.3	0.2	0.4	845	235	610	0.2	0.1	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	910	485	420	0.8	0.8	0.7	1,950	1,050	905	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	120,275	61,705	58,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	339,980	174,690	165,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,700	58,590	55,105	94.5	95.0	94.1	325,285	167,715	157,560	95.7	96.0	95.3
English	1,120	450	665	0.9	0.7	1.1	2,425	965	1,455	0.7	0.6	0.9
French	1,805	760	1,045	1.5	1.2	1.8	4,475	1,910	2,570	1.3	1.1	1.6
Non-official language	3,050	1,580	1,470	2.5	2.6	2.5	6,405	3,355	3,055	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,050	1,580	1,470	2.5	2.6	2.5	6,405	3,355	3,050	1.9	1.9	1.8
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	310	135	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	340	195	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	910	535	380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	99,945	52,465	47,480	100.0	100.0	100.0	284,705	149,595	135,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	44,885	22,580	22,315	44.9	43.0	47.0	110,750	53,905	56,840	38.9	36.0	42.1
Worked outside Canada	740	520	220	0.7	1.0	0.5	1,350	965	385	0.5	0.6	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,760	5,580	2,185	7.8	10.6	4.6	25,820	19,110	6,710	9.1	12.8	5.0
Usual place of work	46,555	23,790	22,765	46.6	45.3	47.9	146,785	75,610	71,175	51.6	50.5	52.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	46,555	23,790	22,765	100.0	100.0	100.0	146,785	75,610	71,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,685	9,755	11,930	46.6	41.0	52.4	66,445	30,345	36,100	45.3	40.1	50.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,900	2,420	2,480	10.5	10.2	10.9	19,650	9,555	10,095	13.4	12.6	14.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	19,840	11,540	8,300	42.6	48.5	36.5	60,355	35,520	24,835	41.1	47.0	34.9
Commute to a different province or territory	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3	335	185	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	54,320	29,365	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	172,605	94,720	77,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	46,305	25,545	20,760	85.2	87.0	83.2	153,240	85,585	67,655	88.8	90.4	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,375	24,015	18,350	78.0	81.8	73.5	140,790	80,295	60,500	81.6	84.8	77.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,930	1,525	2,405	7.2	5.2	9.6	12,445	5,295	7,150	7.2	5.6	9.2
Public transit	3,850	1,880	1,980	7.1	6.4	7.9	8,045	3,775	4,270	4.7	4.0	5.5
Walked	2,020	925	1,095	3.7	3.2	4.4	5,840	2,685	3,150	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bicycle	250	175	75	0.5	0.6	0.3	835	615	215	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	1,890	845	1,045	3.5	2.9	4.2	4,650	2,060	2,590	2.7	2.2	3.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	54,320	29,365	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	172,605	94,720	77,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,895	7,005	7,890	27.4	23.9	31.6	48,740	22,760	25,980	28.2	24.0	33.4
15 to 29 minutes	17,515	8,925	8,595	32.2	30.4	34.4	52,635	27,115	25,515	30.5	28.6	32.8
30 to 44 minutes	11,985	7,395	4,590	22.1	25.2	18.4	38,870	24,125	14,745	22.5	25.5	18.9
45 to 59 minutes	5,055	2,995	2,060	9.3	10.2	8.3	16,715	10,445	6,270	9.7	11.0	8.1
60 minutes and over	4,860	3,045	1,815	8.9	10.4	7.3	15,650	10,275	5,375	9.1	10.8	6.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	54,320	29,365	24,950	100.0	100.0	100.0	172,605	94,720	77,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,430	1,885	545	4.5	6.4	2.2	11,295	8,665	2,630	6.5	9.1	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,920	4,390	2,540	12.7	14.9	10.2	26,125	17,050	9,080	15.1	18.0	11.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,250	7,235	6,010	24.4	24.6	24.1	42,315	22,670	19,645	24.5	23.9	25.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,275	7,005	7,275	26.3	23.9	29.2	40,960	19,235	21,725	23.7	20.3	27.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,130	4,970	5,160	18.6	16.9	20.7	26,975	13,160	13,820	15.6	13.9	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,315	3,885	3,420	13.5	13.2	13.7	24,925	13,945	10,990	14.4	14.7	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	49,935	25,400	24,535	100.0	100.0	100.0	139,890	71,550	68,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,710	2,370	2,340	9.4	9.3	9.5	12,035	6,065	5,980	8.6	8.5	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45,225	23,025	22,195	90.6	90.6	90.5	127,850	65,490	62,365	91.4	91.5	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	39,840	20,290	19,550	100.0	100.0	100.0	107,715	55,305	52,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,965	1,980	1,990	10.0	9.8	10.2	9,835	4,945	4,895	9.1	8.9	9.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,305	1,140	1,165	5.8	5.6	6.0	5,575	2,755	2,820	5.2	5.0	5.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,665	840	825	4.2	4.1	4.2	4,265	2,190	2,075	4.0	4.0	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35,875	18,320	17,560	90.0	90.3	89.8	97,875	50,365	47,515	90.9	91.1	90.7

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 11, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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