Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pelham, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	18,192	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,110	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,123	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,959	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	144.0	...	...	144.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	126.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	18,190	8,905	9,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,720	1,395	1,330	15.0	15.7	14.3
0 to 4 years	770	415	360	4.2	4.7	3.9
5 to 9 years	930	465	465	5.1	5.2	5.0
10 to 14 years	1,015	510	505	5.6	5.7	5.4
15 to 64 years	10,510	5,185	5,325	57.8	58.2	57.4
15 to 19 years	985	515	470	5.4	5.8	5.1
20 to 24 years	910	485	425	5.0	5.4	4.6
25 to 29 years	730	375	350	4.0	4.2	3.8
30 to 34 years	820	400	420	4.5	4.5	4.5
35 to 39 years	885	440	450	4.9	4.9	4.8
40 to 44 years	950	470	475	5.2	5.3	5.1
45 to 49 years	1,025	495	535	5.6	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	1,230	600	635	6.8	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	1,460	670	795	8.0	7.5	8.6
60 to 64 years	1,515	735	780	8.3	8.3	8.4
65 years and over	4,960	2,325	2,635	27.3	26.1	28.4
65 to 69 years	1,490	710	780	8.2	8.0	8.4
70 to 74 years	1,350	650	700	7.4	7.3	7.5
75 to 79 years	880	440	440	4.8	4.9	4.7
80 to 84 years	595	270	320	3.3	3.0	3.4
85 years and over	645	250	395	3.5	2.8	4.3
85 to 89 years	390	170	220	2.1	1.9	2.4
90 to 94 years	175	60	115	1.0	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	70	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.0	15.7	14.3	15.0	15.7	14.3
15 to 64 years	57.8	58.2	57.4	57.8	58.2	57.4
65 years and over	27.3	26.1	28.4	27.3	26.1	28.4
85 years and over	3.5	2.8	4.3	3.5	2.8	4.3
Average age of the population	46.5	45.4	47.5	46.5	45.4	47.5
Median age of the population	50.4	48.8	51.6	50.4	48.8	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,760	...	...	82.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	95	...	...	1.4	...	...
Row house	470	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	0.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	425	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	125	...	...	1.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,390	...	...	20.0	...	...
2 persons	2,875	...	...	41.3	...	...
3 persons	1,055	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	1,040	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	600	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,810	8,760	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,470	7,510	7,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	10,435	5,240	5,200	67.5	69.8	65.4
Married	9,380	4,705	4,675	60.6	62.6	58.8
Living common-law	1,055	530	530	6.8	7.1	6.7
Living common law - Never married	570	290	280	3.7	3.9	3.5
Living common law - Separated	75	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	355	170	180	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	55	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	5,030	2,275	2,760	32.5	30.3	34.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,110	1,725	1,385	20.1	23.0	17.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	290	110	180	1.9	1.5	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	610	225	385	3.9	3.0	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,025	215	810	6.6	2.9	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,070	...	...	54.7	...	...
3 persons	1,040	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	1,000	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	490	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,100	...	...	91.0	...	...
Married couples	4,570	...	...	81.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,160	...	...	38.5	...	...
Without children	2,415	...	...	43.1	...	...
Common-law couples	530	...	...	9.5	...	...
With children⁶	195	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	335	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	505	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	385	...	...	6.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	125	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,810	8,755	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	15,930	8,020	7,915	89.4	91.6	87.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,200	5,105	5,100	57.3	58.3	56.3
Parents in one-parent families	510	120	385	2.9	1.4	4.3
Children⁶	5,225	2,795	2,430	29.3	31.9	26.8
In a two-parent family	4,475	2,385	2,085	25.1	27.2	23.0
In a one-parent family	750	410	345	4.2	4.7	3.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,875	740	1,135	10.5	8.5	12.5
Living alone	1,390	530	865	7.8	6.1	9.6
Living with other relatives⁷	255	85	175	1.4	1.0	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	230	130	100	1.3	1.5	1.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,135	...	...	73.8	...	...
Couple-family households	4,735	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,185	...	...	31.4	...	...
Without children	2,550	...	...	36.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	400	...	...	5.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	135	...	...	1.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	90	...	...	1.3	...	...
One-person households	1,390	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,085	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,745	7,205	7,535	97.7	97.8	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	57,200	40,000	47,600	57,200	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,745	7,205	7,540	97.7	97.8	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,000	36,000	42,400	50,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,880	6,910	6,975	92.0	93.8	90.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	31,400	39,600	49,200	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,375	5,500	4,870	68.8	74.7	63.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,800	31,600	36,000	42,800	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,180	6,390	6,790	87.4	86.8	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,500	10,800	9,600	8,500	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,030	460	570	6.8	6.2	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	6,000	5,480	5,160	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,285	1,565	1,720	21.8	21.2	22.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,715	7,205	7,510	97.5	97.8	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,500	76,000	53,450	64,500	76,000	53,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,720	7,210	7,515	97.5	97.9	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,950	59,950	44,320	51,950	59,950	44,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,890	6,915	6,970	92.0	93.9	90.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,500	70,200	46,920	58,500	70,200	46,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,370	5,545	4,825	68.7	75.3	62.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,250	61,800	45,560	54,250	61,800	45,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,150	6,410	6,740	87.1	87.0	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,370	9,700	11,020	10,370	9,700	11,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	965	430	535	6.4	5.8	6.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,220	6,260	8,000	7,220	6,260	8,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,135	1,540	1,595	20.8	20.9	20.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,550	8,850	8,700	8,550	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,085	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,710	2,755	1,960	31.2	37.4	25.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,500	82,000	73,000	78,500	82,000	73,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,400	97,000	78,700	89,400	97,000	78,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,910	1,830	2,080	25.9	24.8	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,000	16,800	17,600	19,000	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,120	34,120	26,600	30,120	34,120	26,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.6	88.6	81.4	85.6	88.6	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3	62.6	54.7	59.3	62.6	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.4	11.3	18.5	14.4	11.3	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.1	0.7	0.5	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.3	2.7	4.3	3.3	2.7	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.9	2.4	3.5	2.9	2.4	3.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	345	160	185	2.3	2.2	2.4
With total income	14,745	7,210	7,540	97.7	97.9	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,130	450	685	7.7	6.2	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	540	1,040	10.7	7.5	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,870	745	1,125	12.7	10.3	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,620	715	900	11.0	9.9	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,495	725	770	10.1	10.1	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	600	680	8.6	8.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	595	495	7.4	8.3	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	840	460	385	5.7	6.4	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	740	390	350	5.0	5.4	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	675	395	280	4.6	5.5	3.7
$100,000 and over	2,425	1,600	825	16.4	22.2	10.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,565	975	590	10.6	13.5	7.8
$150,000 and over	860	625	235	5.8	8.7	3.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	340	155	180	2.3	2.1	2.3
With after-tax income	14,750	7,210	7,540	97.7	97.9	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,245	470	780	8.4	6.5	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,675	580	1,100	11.4	8.0	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,070	840	1,230	14.0	11.7	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,905	895	1,010	12.9	12.4	13.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,715	815	905	11.6	11.3	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,510	775	735	10.2	10.7	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,065	600	465	7.2	8.3	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	910	505	400	6.2	7.0	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	825	460	365	5.6	6.4	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	480	300	175	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	1,340	965	370	9.1	13.4	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	675	485	190	4.6	6.7	2.5
$125,000 and over	660	480	175	4.5	6.7	2.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,715	1,870	2,850	31.2	25.4	36.9
With employment income	10,370	5,500	4,875	68.7	74.7	63.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,055	1,140	910	19.8	20.7	18.7
$5,000 to $9,999	835	375	455	8.1	6.8	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,080	470	610	10.4	8.5	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	780	380	400	7.5	6.9	8.2
$30,000 to $39,999	680	310	375	6.6	5.6	7.7
$40,000 to $49,999	660	295	365	6.4	5.4	7.5
$50,000 to $59,999	580	270	305	5.6	4.9	6.3
$60,000 to $69,999	555	290	260	5.4	5.3	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	470	260	210	4.5	4.7	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	450	255	195	4.3	4.6	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	245	5.1	5.1	5.0
$100,000 and over	1,710	1,170	545	16.5	21.3	11.2
$100,000 to $124,999	760	450	310	7.3	8.2	6.4
$125,000 and over	950	715	230	9.2	13.0	4.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,085	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,550	7,100	7,455	96.5	96.4	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	57,200	38,800	46,800	57,200	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,565	7,100	7,465	96.6	96.4	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	50,000	34,800	41,600	50,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,810	6,850	6,960	91.5	93.0	90.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,600	32,400	41,200	51,600	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,520	5,560	4,960	69.7	75.5	64.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,000	33,600	38,800	46,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,475	6,060	6,405	82.7	82.3	82.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,640	1,480	6,950	4,640	1,480	6,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	745	310	435	4.9	4.2	5.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,520	6,550	5,520	4,520	6,550
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,550	7,125	7,425	96.4	96.7	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,450	73,700	51,650	62,450	73,700	51,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,565	7,125	7,440	96.5	96.7	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	58,400	42,360	50,200	58,400	42,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,755	6,855	6,905	91.2	93.1	89.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,900	70,300	47,600	58,900	70,300	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,505	5,605	4,895	69.6	76.1	63.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,950	62,900	45,880	54,950	62,900	45,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,525	6,115	6,410	83.0	83.0	83.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	7,140	8,600	7,880	7,140	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	740	280	460	4.9	3.8	6.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,640	8,440	7,380	5,640	8,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,085	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,685	2,760	1,920	31.1	37.5	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,500	78,500	70,000	75,500	78,500	70,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,400	90,700	75,500	84,400	90,700	75,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,770	1,715	2,050	25.0	23.3	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	26,200	19,200	21,600	26,200	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,120	47,400	30,320	38,120	47,400	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	91.6	85.6	89.2	91.6	85.6
Employment income (%)	63.5	67.0	58.5	63.5	67.0	58.5
Government transfers (%)	10.9	8.3	14.4	10.9	8.3	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	1.0	0.6	0.3	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	136,400	...	...	136,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,600	...	...	60,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	155	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	200	...	...	2.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	390	...	...	5.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	440	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	380	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	435	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	405	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,820	...	...	54.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	835	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	745	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,070	...	...	15.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,165	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	60	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	135	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	175	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	175	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	225	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	215	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	495	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	490	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	540	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	490	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,235	...	...	46.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	995	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	775	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,465	...	...	21.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,375	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	...	...	164,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,615	655	965	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	47,200	46,800	46,800	47,200	46,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600	41,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	154,800	...	...	154,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	189,600	...	...	189,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,605	640	965	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,650	64,000	55,000	58,650	64,000	55,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,040	50,400	46,500	48,040	50,400	46,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,290	1,680	1,610	18.5	19.2	17.8
0 to 5 years	965	510	455	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	9,870	4,845	5,025	55.4	55.3	55.5
65 years and over	4,645	2,225	2,415	26.1	25.4	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	895	410	485	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	185	95	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	470	230	240	...	...	...
65 years and over	240	85	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.0	4.7	5.4	5.0	4.7	5.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.4	5.6	6.0	6.4	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
65 years and over (%)	5.2	3.8	6.5	5.2	3.8	6.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,810	8,755	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,290	1,685	1,610	18.5	19.2	17.8
0 to 5 years	960	515	450	5.4	5.9	5.0
18 to 64 years	9,875	4,845	5,025	55.4	55.3	55.5
65 years and over	4,640	2,230	2,415	26.1	25.5	26.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	310	150	160	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	60	30	35	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	200	100	95	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	15	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.2	1.9	2.0	2.2	1.9
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.8	1.3	1.1	0.8	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	5,855	2,770	3,080	32.9	31.6	34.0
In bottom decile	760	360	405	4.3	4.1	4.5
In second decile	1,010	460	555	5.7	5.3	6.1
In third decile	1,160	555	605	6.5	6.3	6.7
In fourth decile	1,385	655	730	7.8	7.5	8.1
In fifth decile	1,535	735	800	8.6	8.4	8.8
In top half of the distribution	11,955	5,985	5,970	67.1	68.4	66.0
In sixth decile	1,935	960	975	10.9	11.0	10.8
In seventh decile	1,930	960	975	10.8	11.0	10.8
In eighth decile	2,265	1,115	1,155	12.7	12.7	12.8
In ninth decile	2,670	1,320	1,340	15.0	15.1	14.8
In top decile	3,155	1,630	1,525	17.7	18.6	16.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,810	...	...	17,810	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.323	...	...	0.323	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,485	8,200	8,285	92.2	93.2	91.3
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,310	545	765	7.3	6.2	8.4
Neither English nor French	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,405	8,580	8,825	97.4	97.5	97.3
French	345	145	195	1.9	1.6	2.1
English and French	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	65	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,560	8,655	8,905	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	15,905	7,865	8,040	89.0	89.4	88.6
English	15,540	7,710	7,830	87.0	87.6	86.3
French	365	155	210	2.0	1.8	2.3
Non-official languages	1,660	795	870	9.3	9.0	9.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,660	795	870	9.3	9.0	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	5	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,340	660	680	7.5	7.5	7.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	380	170	210	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	170	210	2.1	1.9	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	60	70	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	190	210	2.2	2.2	2.3
Frisian	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	140	75	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
German	140	70	70	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	115	125	1.4	1.3	1.4
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	225	110	120	1.3	1.3	1.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	55	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	0.5	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	430	230	195	2.4	2.6	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	275	145	130	1.5	1.6	1.4
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	105	65	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	65	30	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	70	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	305	145	165	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	90	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	175	90	90	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,485	8,150	8,335	92.2	92.6	91.9
French	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	205	125	85	1.1	1.4	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	205	125	85	1.1	1.4	0.9
English and French	195	80	120	1.1	0.9	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	855	400	455	4.8	4.5	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,690	8,720	8,970	99.0	99.1	98.9
Official languages	17,285	8,500	8,780	96.7	96.6	96.8
English	17,205	8,465	8,735	96.3	96.2	96.3
French	80	40	45	0.4	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	405	220	185	2.3	2.5	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	220	185	2.3	2.5	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	285	160	120	1.6	1.8	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	60	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	45	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	85	100	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	125	65	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,870	8,800	9,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,900	8,370	8,530	94.6	95.1	94.0
English	185	90	90	1.0	1.0	1.0
French	140	60	85	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	555	245	305	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	555	245	305	3.1	2.8	3.4
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,730	8,685	9,045	99.6	99.2	99.9
English	17,725	8,680	9,045	99.6	99.1	99.9
French	1,305	550	755	7.3	6.3	8.3
Non-official languages	2,305	1,105	1,205	12.9	12.6	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,305	1,105	1,205	12.9	12.6	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	40	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	10	35	0.3	0.1	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,960	945	1,015	11.0	10.8	11.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	440	190	255	2.5	2.2	2.8
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	430	190	245	2.4	2.2	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	135	75	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
Russian	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	110	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	605	280	320	3.4	3.2	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	200	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
German	200	100	110	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	190	210	2.2	2.2	2.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	395	190	205	2.2	2.2	2.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	205	105	100	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	200	100	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	75	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	715	370	345	4.0	4.2	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	195	195	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	280	150	135	1.6	1.7	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	445	195	245	2.5	2.2	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	420	190	230	2.4	2.2	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	270	130	135	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	130	50	80	0.7	0.6	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	17,365	8,560	8,805	97.5	97.8	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	120	55	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	17,685	8,695	8,990	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,105	...	...	87.7	...	...
Renter	860	...	...	12.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	345	...	...	5.0	...	...
Not condominium	6,615	...	...	95.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	300	...	...	4.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,165	...	...	16.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,905	...	...	41.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,580	...	...	37.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	655	...	...	9.4	...	...
5 rooms	645	...	...	9.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,005	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	1,210	...	...	17.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,440	...	...	49.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,925	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,835	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	130	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,670	...	...	24.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,625	...	...	23.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,050	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	985	...	...	14.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	395	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	350	...	...	5.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	250	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	630	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,700	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	265	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,785	...	...	40.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	58.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	135	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	475	...	...	6.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	880	...	...	12.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,180	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,635	...	...	23.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,585	...	...	22.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	870	...	...	12.5	...	...
85 years and over	295	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,825	...	...	85.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,025	...	...	15.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	945	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,320	...	...	19.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	935	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not suitable only	110	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	180	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	80	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,635	...	...	81.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	320	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	6,445	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	...	...	50.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,556	...	...	1,556	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	819,000	...	...	819,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...	35.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,244	...	...	1,244	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,810	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	470	210	265	2.6	2.4	2.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	470	210	265	2.6	2.4	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300	130	170	1.7	1.5	1.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	70	85	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,255	8,505	8,750	96.9	97.1	96.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,810	8,755	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	17,425	8,555	8,875	97.8	97.7	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,235	1,625	1,610	18.2	18.6	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,195	6,930	7,265	79.7	79.2	80.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	380	205	175	2.1	2.3	1.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,810	8,755	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,455	7,625	7,830	86.8	87.1	86.5
Immigrants⁸¹	2,245	1,055	1,190	12.6	12.1	13.1
Before 1980	1,235	590	645	6.9	6.7	7.1
1980 to 1990	360	155	205	2.0	1.8	2.3
1991 to 2000	220	95	125	1.2	1.1	1.4
2001 to 2010	250	115	130	1.4	1.3	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	175	95	80	1.0	1.1	0.9
2011 to 2015	110	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
2016 to 2021	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	105	70	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,245	1,060	1,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	310	150	160	13.8	14.2	13.4
5 to 14 years	520	270	255	23.2	25.5	21.4
15 to 24 years	500	230	275	22.3	21.7	23.1
25 to 44 years	795	355	440	35.4	33.5	37.0
45 years and over	115	55	55	5.1	5.2	4.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,245	1,060	1,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	320	165	155	14.3	15.6	13.0
Brazil	15	15	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	15	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mexico	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8
United States of America	205	95	105	9.1	9.0	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	15	1.8	2.4	1.3
Europe	1,485	675	805	66.1	63.7	67.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	55	20	35	2.4	1.9	2.9
France	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Germany	90	20	65	4.0	1.9	5.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	50	25	20	2.2	2.4	1.7
Italy	175	80	90	7.8	7.5	7.6
Netherlands	280	135	145	12.5	12.7	12.2
Poland	55	30	20	2.4	2.8	1.7
Portugal	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romania	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Russian Federation	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	565	270	290	25.2	25.5	24.4
Other places of birth in Europe	125	60	70	5.6	5.7	5.9
Africa	75	45	35	3.3	4.2	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	1.3	1.9	0.8
Asia	350	160	190	15.6	15.1	16.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	35	2.7	2.4	2.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	35	1.8	0.9	2.9
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
India	105	50	55	4.7	4.7	4.6
Pakistan	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	25	1.3	0.9	2.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	70	30	35	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	10	42.9	50.0	28.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	10	10	35.7	33.3	28.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	10	0	21.4	33.3	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	25	0	20	35.7	0.0	57.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	14.3	0.0	28.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,505	1,200	1,305	14.1	13.7	14.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,005	2,040	1,965	22.5	23.3	21.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,300	5,515	5,780	63.5	63.0	63.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,005	470	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	585	290	295	58.2	61.7	54.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	225	160	65	22.4	34.0	11.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	360	135	230	35.8	28.7	42.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	340	130	210	33.8	27.7	38.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	70	35	35	7.0	7.4	6.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,005	470	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	25	10	3.5	5.3	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	175	105	70	17.4	22.3	12.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	20	20	4.0	4.3	3.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	10	20	3.5	2.1	3.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	720	305	410	71.6	64.9	75.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	975	500	475	5.5	5.7	5.2
South Asian	325	155	170	1.8	1.8	1.9
Chinese	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Black	135	85	55	0.8	1.0	0.6
Filipino	65	15	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
Arab	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	115	85	35	0.6	1.0	0.4
Southeast Asian	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
West Asian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,830	8,260	8,580	94.5	94.3	94.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,810	8,755	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,545	1,295	1,250	14.3	14.8	13.8
English	5,105	2,430	2,675	28.7	27.8	29.5
Irish	3,445	1,590	1,845	19.3	18.2	20.4
Scottish	3,535	1,715	1,815	19.8	19.6	20.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,645	745	900	9.2	8.5	9.9
German	2,345	1,120	1,225	13.2	12.8	13.5
Chinese	100	35	55	0.6	0.4	0.6
Italian	2,010	1,030	985	11.3	11.8	10.9
Indian (India)	225	110	115	1.3	1.3	1.3
Ukrainian	950	405	540	5.3	4.6	6.0
Dutch	2,435	1,245	1,190	13.7	14.2	13.1
Polish	870	450	420	4.9	5.1	4.6
Québécois	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,005	495	505	5.6	5.7	5.6
Filipino	115	40	80	0.6	0.5	0.9
French Canadian	435	175	260	2.4	2.0	2.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	210	110	100	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	195	100	100	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis	175	80	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	270	155	115	1.5	1.8	1.3
Russian	190	75	120	1.1	0.9	1.3
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Welsh	460	200	260	2.6	2.3	2.9
Portuguese	100	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	270	150	120	1.5	1.7	1.3
Spanish	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	85	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hungarian	625	295	330	3.5	3.4	3.6
Acadian	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pakistani	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jewish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	80	25	60	0.4	0.3	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	65	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	85	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Lebanese	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	125	35	85	0.7	0.4	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	65	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Mennonite	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	155	60	90	0.9	0.7	1.0
Finnish	100	60	40	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	300	160	140	1.7	1.8	1.5
Japanese	55	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	40	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	110	70	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slovenian	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	30	20	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,805	8,755	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	12,105	5,735	6,370	68.0	65.5	70.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,600	760	835	9.0	8.7	9.2
Anabaptist	220	105	125	1.2	1.2	1.4
Anglican	1,265	630	635	7.1	7.2	7.0
Baptist	205	90	115	1.2	1.0	1.3
Catholic	5,175	2,405	2,770	29.1	27.5	30.6
Christian Orthodox	120	40	80	0.7	0.5	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	90	40	50	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lutheran	290	135	155	1.6	1.5	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Presbyterian	585	280	305	3.3	3.2	3.4
Reformed	605	315	295	3.4	3.6	3.3
United Church	1,205	545	660	6.8	6.2	7.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	590	325	260	3.3	3.7	2.9
Hindu	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sikh	120	55	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	5,305	2,840	2,470	29.8	32.4	27.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,665	8,660	9,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	16,055	7,850	8,205	90.9	90.6	91.1
Movers	1,610	805	805	9.1	9.3	8.9
Non-migrants	345	160	185	2.0	1.8	2.1
Migrants	1,265	645	620	7.2	7.4	6.9
Internal migrants	1,225	620	605	6.9	7.2	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	1,180	585	590	6.7	6.8	6.5
Interprovincial migrants	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
External migrants	40	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	17,025	8,355	8,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,340	5,645	5,695	66.6	67.6	65.7
Movers	5,685	2,715	2,970	33.4	32.5	34.3
Non-migrants	1,010	500	520	5.9	6.0	6.0
Migrants	4,675	2,220	2,460	27.5	26.6	28.4
Internal migrants	4,515	2,140	2,375	26.5	25.6	27.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,375	2,050	2,330	25.7	24.5	26.9
Interprovincial migrants	140	95	45	0.8	1.1	0.5
External migrants	155	75	85	0.9	0.9	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,085	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,670	850	820	11.1	11.5	10.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,420	6,515	6,905	89.0	88.5	89.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,560	4,140	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	345	200	145	4.0	4.8	3.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,215	3,940	4,275	96.0	95.2	96.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,450	725	725	9.6	9.8	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,000	1,955	2,050	26.5	26.5	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,630	4,680	4,950	63.8	63.5	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,935	2,495	2,435	32.7	33.9	31.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	900	720	180	6.0	9.8	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	335	225	105	2.2	3.1	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	565	495	75	3.7	6.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,760	1,670	2,095	24.9	22.7	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	275	110	165	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,700	2,190	2,515	31.1	29.7	32.6
Bachelor's degree	3,040	1,345	1,700	20.1	18.3	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	175	180	2.4	2.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	100	55	1.1	1.4	0.7
Master's degree	985	485	500	6.5	6.6	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	170	95	75	1.1	1.3	1.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,560	4,140	4,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	270	165	110	3.2	4.0	2.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,875	1,000	875	21.9	24.2	19.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,415	2,975	3,435	74.9	71.9	77.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,155	1,550	1,600	36.9	37.4	36.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	480	405	80	5.6	9.8	1.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	165	125	40	1.9	3.0	0.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315	275	35	3.7	6.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,505	1,085	1,425	29.3	26.2	32.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165	60	105	1.9	1.4	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,265	1,430	1,835	38.1	34.5	41.5
Bachelor's degree	2,095	895	1,195	24.5	21.6	27.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	105	155	3.0	2.5	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	70	40	1.3	1.7	0.9
Master's degree	675	300	380	7.9	7.2	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	120	65	60	1.4	1.6	1.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,455	2,680	2,775	36.1	36.4	35.9
Education	890	270	620	5.9	3.7	8.0
13. Education	890	270	620	5.9	3.7	8.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	310	130	180	2.1	1.8	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	275	110	165	1.8	1.5	2.1
Humanities	545	190	360	3.6	2.6	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	50	0.4	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	145	30	115	1.0	0.4	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	40	80	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	90	50	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.5
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	445	750	7.9	6.0	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	10	190	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	125	55	75	0.8	0.7	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	235	80	155	1.6	1.1	2.0
45. Social sciences	520	270	250	3.4	3.7	3.2
Business, management and public administration	1,775	805	970	11.8	10.9	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	50	140	1.3	0.7	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,585	755	835	10.5	10.3	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	180	165	2.3	2.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	70	80	1.0	1.0	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	120	85	35	0.8	1.2	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	270	165	105	1.8	2.2	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	190	135	60	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,720	1,610	110	11.4	21.9	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	50	35	20	0.3	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	300	255	40	2.0	3.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	465	440	20	3.1	6.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	405	400	0	2.7	5.4	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	325	315	0	2.2	4.3	0.0
48. Precision production	180	165	15	1.2	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	310	210	100	2.1	2.9	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	140	75	1.5	1.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	65	30	0.7	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	1,715	360	1,360	11.4	4.9	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	75	110	1.3	1.0	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,470	250	1,225	9.7	3.4	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	545	315	230	3.6	4.3	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	255	70	185	1.7	1.0	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	200	45	1.6	2.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	50	50	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,560	4,140	4,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,145	1,165	980	25.1	28.1	22.2
Education	560	150	405	6.5	3.6	9.2
13. Education	560	150	405	6.5	3.6	9.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	195	70	130	2.3	1.7	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	170	60	110	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	325	115	210	3.8	2.8	4.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	75	10	65	0.9	0.2	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	35	65	1.2	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
54. History	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	860	320	540	10.0	7.7	12.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	30	45	0.9	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	10	145	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	45	0.8	0.7	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	140	50	90	1.6	1.2	2.0
45. Social sciences	390	195	190	4.6	4.7	4.3
Business, management and public administration	1,175	495	680	13.7	12.0	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	30	80	1.3	0.7	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,065	465	600	12.4	11.2	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	105	120	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	55	70	1.5	1.3	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	230	130	100	2.7	3.1	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	160	105	55	1.9	2.5	1.2
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,030	945	85	12.0	22.8	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	10	0.5	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	170	135	35	2.0	3.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	300	270	20	3.5	6.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	255	255	0	3.0	6.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	180	175	0	2.1	4.2	0.0
48. Precision production	95	85	15	1.1	2.1	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	170	90	3.0	4.1	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	185	120	65	2.2	2.9	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	30	0.9	1.2	0.7
Health and related fields	1,155	250	905	13.5	6.0	20.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	65	100	1.9	1.6	2.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	960	165	795	11.2	4.0	18.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	235	165	4.6	5.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	165	50	120	1.9	1.2	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	195	155	45	2.3	3.7	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,560	4,140	4,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,145	1,165	980	25.1	28.1	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,415	2,980	3,440	74.9	72.0	77.9
Location of study inside Canada	5,730	2,645	3,085	66.9	63.9	69.9
Same as province or territory of residence	5,425	2,480	2,945	63.4	59.9	66.7
Different than province or territory of residence	310	170	140	3.6	4.1	3.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	685	335	350	8.0	8.1	7.9
Americas	400	205	185	4.7	5.0	4.2
United States of America	360	185	180	4.2	4.5	4.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	170	85	90	2.0	2.1	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	45	45	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	85	25	60	1.0	0.6	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	15	15	0.2	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,090	7,365	7,725	...	...	...
In the labour force	8,710	4,660	4,055	...	...	...
Employed	7,965	4,290	3,675	...	...	...
Unemployed	745	370	380	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,380	2,700	3,670	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.7	63.3	52.5	57.7	63.3	52.5
Employment rate	52.8	58.2	47.6	52.8	58.2	47.6
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.9	9.4	8.6	7.9	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,090	7,365	7,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,005	2,560	3,445	39.8	34.8	44.6
Worked	9,080	4,805	4,280	60.2	65.2	55.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,875	2,865	2,010	32.3	38.9	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,210	1,940	2,270	27.9	26.3	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.6	41.4	42.1	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	8,715	4,665	4,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	85	65	1.7	1.8	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	8,565	4,575	3,990	98.3	98.1	98.5
Employee	6,645	3,355	3,295	76.2	71.9	81.4
Permanent position	5,650	2,880	2,770	64.8	61.7	68.4
Temporary position	995	470	520	11.4	10.1	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	265	110	155	3.0	2.4	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	735	365	365	8.4	7.8	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,920	1,225	695	22.0	26.3	17.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	8,715	4,665	4,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	85	65	1.7	1.8	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	8,565	4,575	3,990	98.3	98.1	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	150	115	35	1.7	2.5	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,550	460	1,090	17.8	9.9	26.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	575	430	145	6.6	9.2	3.6
3 Health occupations	850	220	630	9.8	4.7	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,350	555	790	15.5	11.9	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	290	155	135	3.3	3.3	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	1,890	980	905	21.7	21.0	22.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,240	1,150	90	14.2	24.7	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	310	115	4.9	6.6	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	240	200	40	2.8	4.3	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	8,715	4,665	4,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	85	65	1.7	1.8	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	8,565	4,575	3,990	98.3	98.1	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	395	235	155	4.5	5.0	3.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
22 Utilities	55	40	15	0.6	0.9	0.4
23 Construction	810	670	140	9.3	14.4	3.5
31-33 Manufacturing	430	310	115	4.9	6.6	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	275	205	70	3.2	4.4	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	970	515	455	11.1	11.0	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	255	190	70	2.9	4.1	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	105	70	35	1.2	1.5	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	435	220	215	5.0	4.7	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	125	55	70	1.4	1.2	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	605	330	275	6.9	7.1	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	350	250	95	4.0	5.4	2.3
61 Educational services	900	325	575	10.3	7.0	14.2
62 Health care and social assistance	1,260	280	985	14.5	6.0	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	115	95	2.4	2.5	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	360	190	175	4.1	4.1	4.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	340	150	195	3.9	3.2	4.8
91 Public administration	625	400	225	7.2	8.6	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	9,580	5,065	4,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,290	4,935	4,360	97.0	97.4	96.5
French	35	0	35	0.4	0.0	0.8
Non-official language	35	30	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	30	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
English and French	125	45	85	1.3	0.9	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	90	55	35	0.9	1.1	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	9,580	5,065	4,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,535	5,035	4,500	99.5	99.4	99.6
Official languages	9,470	4,990	4,480	98.9	98.5	99.1
English	9,410	4,975	4,435	98.2	98.2	98.1
French	60	15	45	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	70	45	15	0.7	0.9	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	45	15	0.7	0.9	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	45	15	0.7	0.9	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	40	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	9,580	5,065	4,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,410	4,995	4,415	98.2	98.6	97.7
English	55	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
French	85	25	60	0.9	0.5	1.3
Non-official language	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,965	4,290	3,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,330	1,105	1,225	29.3	25.8	33.3
Worked outside Canada	50	50	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	910	735	180	11.4	17.1	4.9
Usual place of work	4,670	2,405	2,265	58.6	56.1	61.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,670	2,410	2,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,175	540	640	25.2	22.4	28.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,895	1,455	1,435	62.0	60.4	63.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	595	405	190	12.7	16.8	8.4
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,580	3,140	2,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,315	3,005	2,310	95.3	95.7	94.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,035	2,835	2,200	90.2	90.3	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	280	170	115	5.0	5.4	4.7
Public transit	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Walked	150	100	50	2.7	3.2	2.0
Bicycle	20	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other method	85	25	60	1.5	0.8	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,580	3,140	2,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,815	900	915	32.5	28.7	37.4
15 to 29 minutes	2,235	1,240	1,005	40.1	39.5	41.1
30 to 44 minutes	860	555	310	15.4	17.7	12.7
45 to 59 minutes	285	190	95	5.1	6.1	3.9
60 minutes and over	380	260	120	6.8	8.3	4.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,580	3,140	2,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	435	345	90	7.8	11.0	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,045	705	340	18.7	22.5	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,545	870	675	27.7	27.7	27.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,265	530	730	22.7	16.9	29.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	730	325	405	13.1	10.4	16.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	570	360	205	10.2	11.5	8.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,360	1,715	1,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	290	145	145	8.6	8.5	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,070	1,570	1,500	91.4	91.5	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,510	1,260	1,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	120	115	9.6	9.5	9.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	80	80	6.2	6.3	6.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	40	40	3.2	3.2	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,275	1,140	1,130	90.6	90.5	90.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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