Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Welland, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	55,750	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	52,293	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	24,530	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	23,656	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	686.9	...	...	686.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	81.16	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	55,750	27,180	28,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,310	4,260	4,050	14.9	15.7	14.2
0 to 4 years	2,695	1,410	1,280	4.8	5.2	4.5
5 to 9 years	2,775	1,420	1,355	5.0	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	2,845	1,430	1,420	5.1	5.3	5.0
15 to 64 years	34,600	17,075	17,525	62.1	62.8	61.3
15 to 19 years	2,895	1,550	1,350	5.2	5.7	4.7
20 to 24 years	3,110	1,590	1,520	5.6	5.8	5.3
25 to 29 years	3,525	1,810	1,720	6.3	6.7	6.0
30 to 34 years	3,495	1,770	1,730	6.3	6.5	6.1
35 to 39 years	3,300	1,600	1,700	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	3,205	1,560	1,645	5.7	5.7	5.8
45 to 49 years	3,150	1,535	1,615	5.7	5.6	5.7
50 to 54 years	3,590	1,680	1,905	6.4	6.2	6.7
55 to 59 years	4,095	1,975	2,125	7.3	7.3	7.4
60 to 64 years	4,220	2,000	2,215	7.6	7.4	7.8
65 years and over	12,840	5,845	6,995	23.0	21.5	24.5
65 to 69 years	3,865	1,785	2,070	6.9	6.6	7.2
70 to 74 years	3,465	1,660	1,800	6.2	6.1	6.3
75 to 79 years	2,375	1,115	1,255	4.3	4.1	4.4
80 to 84 years	1,530	680	850	2.7	2.5	3.0
85 years and over	1,615	605	1,010	2.9	2.2	3.5
85 to 89 years	995	405	590	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	470	155	310	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	135	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.7	14.2	14.9	15.7	14.2
15 to 64 years	62.1	62.8	61.3	62.1	62.8	61.3
65 years and over	23.0	21.5	24.5	23.0	21.5	24.5
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.5	2.9	2.2	3.5
Average age of the population	44.1	42.9	45.2	44.1	42.9	45.2
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	46.8	45.2	43.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	23,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,265	...	...	64.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,680	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	1,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,095	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,955	...	...	12.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,480	...	...	6.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,130	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	8,515	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	3,690	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	2,720	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,605	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	54,980	26,885	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	47,435	22,920	24,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	26,060	12,970	13,095	54.9	56.6	53.4
Married	20,765	10,325	10,435	43.8	45.0	42.6
Living common-law	5,300	2,645	2,655	11.2	11.5	10.8
Living common law - Never married	3,535	1,785	1,745	7.5	7.8	7.1
Living common law - Separated	400	205	200	0.8	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,210	595	610	2.6	2.6	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	155	60	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	21,380	9,945	11,430	45.1	43.4	46.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,740	7,030	5,715	26.9	30.7	23.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,835	785	1,050	3.9	3.4	4.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,320	1,335	1,985	7.0	5.8	8.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,490	805	2,685	7.4	3.5	11.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	16,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,970	...	...	55.9	...	...
3 persons	3,505	...	...	21.9	...	...
4 persons	2,475	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,090	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	16,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,795	...	...	79.8	...	...
Married couples	10,145	...	...	63.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,750	...	...	29.6	...	...
Without children	5,395	...	...	33.6	...	...
Common-law couples	2,650	...	...	16.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,090	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	1,560	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,240	...	...	20.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,540	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	695	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	54,980	26,885	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	44,215	21,765	22,455	80.4	81.0	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	25,590	12,770	12,820	46.5	47.5	45.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,235	695	2,545	5.9	2.6	9.1
Children⁶	15,390	8,300	7,085	28.0	30.9	25.2
In a two-parent family	10,440	5,525	4,910	19.0	20.6	17.5
In a one-parent family	4,950	2,770	2,175	9.0	10.3	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,765	5,115	5,645	19.6	19.0	20.1
Living alone	7,130	3,240	3,890	13.0	12.1	13.8
Living with other relatives⁷	1,380	585	795	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	2,250	1,290	960	4.1	4.8	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	13,995	...	...	59.2	...	...
Couple-family households	11,515	...	...	48.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,265	...	...	22.3	...	...
Without children	6,250	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,470	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	650	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	840	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	930	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	7,130	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	46,670	22,620	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,030	21,700	23,325	96.5	95.9	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,600	37,200	42,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,055	21,715	23,340	96.5	96.0	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,200	34,400	38,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,725	19,195	19,530	83.0	84.9	81.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	35,600	23,200	29,000	35,600	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,030	15,575	14,450	64.3	68.9	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,000	26,400	31,200	36,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,925	20,090	21,830	89.8	88.8	90.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	10,400	13,500	12,400	10,400	13,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,275	2,580	2,700	11.3	11.4	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,560	5,640	5,600	5,560	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,965	6,125	6,835	27.8	27.1	28.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,030	21,695	23,335	96.5	95.9	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,440	49,600	39,680	44,440	49,600	39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,055	21,705	23,350	96.5	95.9	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,760	42,520	35,240	38,760	42,520	35,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,730	19,205	19,525	83.0	84.9	81.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,960	44,000	32,000	37,960	44,000	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,030	15,560	14,465	64.3	68.8	60.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,520	42,920	33,800	38,520	42,920	33,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	41,850	20,075	21,775	89.7	88.7	90.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,710	11,510	13,820	12,710	11,510	13,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,395	2,570	2,820	11.6	11.4	11.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,095	6,760	6,440	6,095	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,025	6,195	6,830	27.9	27.4	28.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,380	9,020	9,710	9,380	9,020	9,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,745	6,975	5,775	27.3	30.8	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	60,000	51,600	56,000	60,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,050	67,200	55,900	62,050	67,200	55,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	12,295	5,780	6,520	26.3	25.5	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	18,200	15,100	16,200	18,200	15,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,320	27,560	21,420	24,320	27,560	21,420
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.4	78.6	67.4	73.4	78.6	67.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.8	62.1	52.8	57.8	62.1	52.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.6	21.5	32.5	26.6	21.5	32.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.7	1.5	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	5.8	8.5	7.0	5.8	8.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	5.2	7.2	6.1	5.2	7.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	46,665	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,640	920	720	3.5	4.1	3.0
With total income	45,030	21,705	23,330	96.5	95.9	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,220	1,420	1,800	7.2	6.5	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,055	2,395	3,660	13.4	11.0	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,815	3,080	4,730	17.4	14.2	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,205	3,290	3,910	16.0	15.2	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,770	2,850	2,920	12.8	13.1	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545	2,270	2,275	10.1	10.5	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,130	1,750	1,380	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,130	1,270	860	4.7	5.9	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	950	530	3.3	4.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,185	720	465	2.6	3.3	2.0
$100,000 and over	2,495	1,700	800	5.5	7.8	3.4
$100,000 to $149,999	1,940	1,280	665	4.3	5.9	2.9
$150,000 and over	555	420	140	1.2	1.9	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	46,665	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,615	905	710	3.5	4.0	3.0
With after-tax income	45,055	21,715	23,340	96.5	96.0	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,385	1,470	1,915	7.5	6.8	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,295	2,495	3,795	14.0	11.5	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,945	3,590	5,355	19.9	16.5	22.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,335	4,015	4,325	18.5	18.5	18.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,415	3,185	3,230	14.2	14.7	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,405	2,415	1,990	9.8	11.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,720	1,600	1,120	6.0	7.4	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,690	1,065	620	3.8	4.9	2.7
$80,000 to $89,999	1,300	780	515	2.9	3.6	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	620	410	205	1.4	1.9	0.9
$100,000 and over	940	685	255	2.1	3.2	1.1
$100,000 to $124,999	540	385	160	1.2	1.8	0.7
$125,000 and over	400	300	100	0.9	1.4	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	46,665	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,640	7,045	9,595	35.7	31.1	39.9
With employment income	30,025	15,580	14,450	64.3	68.9	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,265	2,805	2,460	17.5	18.0	17.0
$5,000 to $9,999	2,590	1,120	1,470	8.6	7.2	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,820	1,600	2,215	12.7	10.3	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,980	1,355	1,620	9.9	8.7	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,025	1,470	1,560	10.1	9.4	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,870	1,370	1,500	9.6	8.8	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,555	1,365	1,185	8.5	8.8	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875	1,135	740	6.2	7.3	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,320	860	455	4.4	5.5	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,000	660	335	3.3	4.2	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	960	550	410	3.2	3.5	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,775	1,275	500	5.9	8.2	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,085	740	345	3.6	4.7	2.4
$125,000 and over	690	535	155	2.3	3.4	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	46,670	22,620	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,445	21,405	23,040	95.2	94.6	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	40,800	30,600	35,200	40,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	44,460	21,405	23,055	95.3	94.6	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	28,600	32,400	37,200	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,630	19,130	19,500	82.8	84.6	81.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	37,600	26,200	31,400	37,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,530	15,755	14,775	65.4	69.7	61.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	29,000	33,200	38,400	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,190	19,165	21,025	86.1	84.7	87.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	3,200	8,800	7,050	3,200	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,825	1,820	2,005	8.2	8.0	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	4,920	5,160	5,040	4,920	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,490	21,380	23,110	95.3	94.5	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,840	47,520	36,640	41,840	47,520	36,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	44,500	21,380	23,115	95.4	94.5	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,480	40,680	32,600	36,480	40,680	32,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,685	19,160	19,525	82.9	84.7	81.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,640	44,840	32,560	38,640	44,840	32,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,550	15,800	14,750	65.5	69.8	61.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	43,880	34,400	39,280	43,880	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,155	19,115	21,040	86.0	84.5	87.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,160	8,190	10,030	9,160	8,190	10,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,825	1,730	2,095	8.2	7.6	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,345	7,530	6,990	6,345	7,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,660	6,940	5,720	27.1	30.7	23.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	58,400	47,200	52,800	58,400	47,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,350	63,700	51,850	58,350	63,700	51,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,755	5,505	6,250	25.2	24.3	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,400	21,200	23,800	27,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,320	34,960	26,240	30,320	34,960	26,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	84.6	75.0	80.2	84.6	75.0
Employment income (%)	64.4	68.2	59.9	64.4	68.2	59.9
Government transfers (%)	19.8	15.4	24.9	19.8	15.4	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	23,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	16,525	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	23,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,680	...	...	38,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	16,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	665	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	995	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	995	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	890	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,120	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,090	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,120	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,940	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,800	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,595	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,485	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,285	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,715	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,785	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,745	...	...	7.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,035	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	685	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,065	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,110	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,125	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,175	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,265	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,215	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,395	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,285	...	...	9.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,935	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,810	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,490	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,465	...	...	23.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,505	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,435	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,530	...	...	6.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	15,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,380	4,535	4,845	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,400	32,800	34,400	36,400	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,600	30,800	32,000	33,600	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	15,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,700	...	...	101,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,900	...	...	69,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,250	...	...	63,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,410	4,500	4,915	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,040	42,560	39,640	41,040	42,560	39,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,080	36,920	35,320	36,080	36,920	35,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	54,980	26,880	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,010	5,170	4,840	18.2	19.2	17.2
0 to 5 years	3,255	1,700	1,555	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	32,750	16,085	16,670	59.6	59.8	59.3
65 years and over	12,220	5,630	6,590	22.2	20.9	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,595	3,000	3,595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,470	780	690	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	535	295	240	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,710	1,735	1,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,420	485	930	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.2	12.8	12.0	11.2	12.8
0 to 17 years (%)	14.7	15.1	14.2	14.7	15.1	14.2
0 to 5 years (%)	16.5	17.4	15.5	16.5	17.4	15.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.3	10.8	11.9	11.3	10.8	11.9
65 years and over (%)	11.6	8.6	14.2	11.6	8.6	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	54,980	26,885	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	10,005	5,175	4,835	18.2	19.2	17.2
0 to 5 years	3,250	1,695	1,555	5.9	6.3	5.5
18 to 64 years	32,755	16,080	16,670	59.6	59.8	59.3
65 years and over	12,225	5,630	6,590	22.2	20.9	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,545	1,310	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	380	195	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	115	55	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,985	1,045	935	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	70	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.4	4.6	4.9	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.1	4.0	3.6	3.1	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.5	5.6	6.1	6.5	5.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	54,980	26,885	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	32,535	15,535	17,000	59.2	57.8	60.5
In bottom decile	6,015	2,875	3,140	10.9	10.7	11.2
In second decile	6,475	2,915	3,555	11.8	10.8	12.7
In third decile	6,885	3,310	3,575	12.5	12.3	12.7
In fourth decile	6,615	3,230	3,385	12.0	12.0	12.0
In fifth decile	6,545	3,200	3,345	11.9	11.9	11.9
In top half of the distribution	22,445	11,350	11,095	40.8	42.2	39.5
In sixth decile	5,830	2,920	2,910	10.6	10.9	10.4
In seventh decile	5,265	2,635	2,635	9.6	9.8	9.4
In eighth decile	4,865	2,460	2,405	8.8	9.2	8.6
In ninth decile	3,980	2,035	1,940	7.2	7.6	6.9
In top decile	2,505	1,295	1,210	4.6	4.8	4.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	54,980	...	...	54,980	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	47,725	23,615	24,105	86.1	87.3	85.0
French only	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	7,295	3,275	4,015	13.2	12.1	14.2
Neither English nor French	265	95	170	0.5	0.4	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	51,120	25,125	25,990	92.3	92.9	91.6
French	3,810	1,730	2,080	6.9	6.4	7.3
English and French	230	100	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	255	90	165	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	53,785	26,255	27,535	97.1	97.1	97.1
Official languages	48,430	23,705	24,725	87.4	87.6	87.2
English	44,445	21,875	22,570	80.2	80.9	79.6
French	3,980	1,825	2,155	7.2	6.7	7.6
Non-official languages	5,360	2,550	2,810	9.7	9.4	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,355	2,550	2,805	9.7	9.4	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	195	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	175	100	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	210	65	150	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	55	135	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,765	1,835	1,930	6.8	6.8	6.8
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	860	415	450	1.6	1.5	1.6
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	840	405	435	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	145	165	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	90	40	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	190	95	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	450	205	245	0.8	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	230	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	90	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	465	235	235	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	410	200	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,905	935	965	3.4	3.5	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,155	565	585	2.1	2.1	2.1
Portuguese	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	555	270	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	240	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	210	100	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	340	140	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	325	135	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,620	790	830	2.9	2.9	2.9
English and French	835	390	440	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	680	345	335	1.2	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,050	23,720	24,325	86.7	87.7	85.8
French	780	335	440	1.4	1.2	1.6
Non-official language	1,015	465	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,010	470	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	1,900	780	1,120	3.4	2.9	3.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,405	1,600	1,800	6.1	5.9	6.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	54,340	26,565	27,775	98.1	98.2	97.9
Official languages	52,280	25,600	26,685	94.4	94.6	94.1
English	51,180	25,135	26,050	92.4	92.9	91.8
French	1,095	465	630	2.0	1.7	2.2
Non-official languages	2,060	965	1,090	3.7	3.6	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,060	965	1,090	3.7	3.6	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,325	625	700	2.4	2.3	2.5
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	285	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	260	130	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	715	325	390	1.3	1.2	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	310	120	190	0.6	0.4	0.7
Portuguese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	320	160	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	185	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,070	480	585	1.9	1.8	2.1
English and French	405	165	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	620	295	325	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	55,410	27,050	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,815	24,960	25,850	91.7	92.3	91.1
English	1,145	515	630	2.1	1.9	2.2
French	1,235	515	720	2.2	1.9	2.5
Non-official language	1,830	870	965	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,825	865	960	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and French	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	54,980	26,880	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	54,680	26,790	27,890	99.5	99.7	99.3
English	54,580	26,745	27,835	99.3	99.5	99.1
French	7,305	3,285	4,020	13.3	12.2	14.3
Non-official languages	7,430	3,520	3,910	13.5	13.1	13.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,400	3,510	3,890	13.5	13.1	13.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	200	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	345	200	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	165	140	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	105	215	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	95	210	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	80	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,220	2,515	2,700	9.5	9.4	9.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150	535	610	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baltic languages	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	1,115	515	600	2.0	1.9	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	415	170	245	0.8	0.6	0.9
Russian	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	130	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Serbian	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	615	275	340	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
German	335	145	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	265	130	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	235	130	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	640	305	335	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	595	285	310	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	230	110	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	135	190	0.6	0.5	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,810	1,375	1,430	5.1	5.1	5.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,630	800	830	3.0	3.0	3.0
Portuguese	195	85	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,035	515	515	1.9	1.9	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	250	110	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	215	100	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	490	205	290	0.9	0.8	1.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	470	190	280	0.9	0.7	1.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,980	26,880	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,365	1,045	1,325	4.3	3.9	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,255	985	1,270	4.1	3.7	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,095	485	610	2.0	1.8	2.2
Métis	1,115	470	645	2.0	1.7	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	52,610	25,840	26,775	95.7	96.1	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	54,980	26,880	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	495	210	285	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	54,490	26,675	27,810	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,315	...	...	69.0	...	...
Renter	7,340	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	935	...	...	4.0	...	...
Not condominium	22,720	...	...	96.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,695	...	...	11.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,590	...	...	23.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,100	...	...	42.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,185	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,095	...	...	21.5	...	...
5 rooms	3,600	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	3,890	...	...	16.4	...	...
7 rooms	3,350	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,725	...	...	32.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	23,480	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	22,805	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	850	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	8,615	...	...	36.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,895	...	...	29.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,385	...	...	10.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,105	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	935	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	715	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	885	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,115	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	22,165	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,495	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,055	...	...	51.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,610	...	...	44.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	995	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	615	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,890	...	...	12.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,495	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,805	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,950	...	...	20.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,435	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,605	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	860	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	23,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	18,430	...	...	78.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,150	...	...	21.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,795	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	23,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,870	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,605	...	...	19.5	...	...
Not suitable only	640	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	415	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,790	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	23,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not in core need	20,395	...	...	87.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.3	...	...	60.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,255	...	...	1,255	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	516,000	...	...	516,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.8	...	...	39.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,072	...	...	1,072	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	54,980	26,885	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	600	275	325	1.1	1.0	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	590	270	320	1.1	1.0	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	395	175	215	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis single ancestry	195	95	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,490	1,085	1,410	4.5	4.0	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,440	1,060	1,380	4.4	3.9	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,615	710	905	2.9	2.6	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	785	325	460	1.4	1.2	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	51,890	25,520	26,370	94.4	94.9	93.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	54,980	26,885	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	52,915	25,875	27,035	96.2	96.2	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,790	5,135	4,655	17.8	19.1	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	43,120	20,740	22,380	78.4	77.1	79.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,070	1,010	1,060	3.8	3.8	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	54,980	26,885	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	47,670	23,350	24,315	86.7	86.9	86.5
Immigrants⁸¹	6,540	3,135	3,400	11.9	11.7	12.1
Before 1980	2,990	1,445	1,545	5.4	5.4	5.5
1980 to 1990	770	345	425	1.4	1.3	1.5
1991 to 2000	680	330	350	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	835	395	440	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,270	625	650	2.3	2.3	2.3
2011 to 2015	550	265	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
2016 to 2021	720	360	360	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	775	395	375	1.4	1.5	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,540	3,135	3,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	805	420	385	12.3	13.4	11.3
5 to 14 years	1,395	710	685	21.3	22.6	20.1
15 to 24 years	1,540	705	830	23.5	22.5	24.4
25 to 44 years	2,325	1,055	1,270	35.6	33.7	37.4
45 years and over	480	245	230	7.3	7.8	6.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,540	3,135	3,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,465	670	795	22.4	21.4	23.4
Brazil	50	15	30	0.8	0.5	0.9
Colombia	175	85	90	2.7	2.7	2.6
El Salvador	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Guyana	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Haiti	110	55	50	1.7	1.8	1.5
Jamaica	140	70	65	2.1	2.2	1.9
Mexico	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Peru	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	115	55	60	1.8	1.8	1.8
United States of America	475	180	300	7.3	5.7	8.8
Other places of birth in Americas	260	135	130	4.0	4.3	3.8
Europe	3,600	1,775	1,820	55.0	56.6	53.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Croatia	140	70	65	2.1	2.2	1.9
France	30	10	15	0.5	0.3	0.4
Germany	200	110	90	3.1	3.5	2.6
Greece	30	25	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Hungary	190	75	115	2.9	2.4	3.4
Italy	910	470	435	13.9	15.0	12.8
Netherlands	270	160	115	4.1	5.1	3.4
Poland	285	110	175	4.4	3.5	5.1
Portugal	85	45	45	1.3	1.4	1.3
Romania	55	25	30	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
Ukraine	90	35	55	1.4	1.1	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	885	410	475	13.5	13.1	14.0
Other places of birth in Europe	330	180	155	5.0	5.7	4.6
Africa	305	145	160	4.7	4.6	4.7
Algeria	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7
Somalia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	40	10	35	0.6	0.3	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	150	75	70	2.3	2.4	2.1
Asia	1,145	530	610	17.5	16.9	17.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.7
Turkey	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	35	40	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	60	1.6	1.6	1.8
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	200	65	135	3.1	2.1	4.0
Viet Nam	100	60	40	1.5	1.9	1.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	265	115	145	4.1	3.7	4.3
Pakistan	95	60	35	1.5	1.9	1.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	100	35	65	1.5	1.1	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	715	360	360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	195	90	100	27.3	25.0	27.8
Brazil	25	10	15	3.5	2.8	4.2
Colombia	35	20	15	4.9	5.6	4.2
Haiti	15	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.8
Jamaica	15	10	0	2.1	2.8	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	60	35	30	8.4	9.7	8.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	4.9	5.6	4.2
Europe	80	40	40	11.2	11.1	11.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	3.5	4.2	2.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	15	25	5.6	4.2	6.9
Africa	95	50	45	13.3	13.9	12.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	10	20	4.9	2.8	5.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.8
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	15	4.2	5.6	4.2
Asia	345	170	175	48.3	47.2	48.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	20	0	3.5	5.6	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	55	80	18.9	15.3	22.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	30	7.0	6.9	8.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	20	20	5.6	5.6	5.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	10	4.9	5.6	2.8
Turkey	15	10	0	2.1	2.8	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	15	3.5	2.8	4.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	54,980	26,880	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,695	3,685	4,010	14.0	13.7	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,545	4,710	4,835	17.4	17.5	17.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,740	18,485	19,255	68.6	68.8	68.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,550	1,695	1,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,360	685	675	38.3	40.4	36.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	700	405	295	19.7	23.9	15.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	660	285	380	18.6	16.8	20.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,195	495	700	33.7	29.2	37.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	890	465	430	25.1	27.4	23.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	50	60	3.1	2.9	3.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,550	1,695	1,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	620	320	300	17.5	18.9	16.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	485	240	245	13.7	14.2	13.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	25	55	2.3	1.5	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	240	115	120	6.8	6.8	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	30	1.0	0.6	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,090	980	1,115	58.9	57.8	59.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	54,980	26,880	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,760	2,410	2,350	8.7	9.0	8.4
South Asian	855	415	440	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese	265	115	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
Black	1,430	800	635	2.6	3.0	2.3
Filipino	370	145	220	0.7	0.5	0.8
Arab	200	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	695	355	340	1.3	1.3	1.2
Southeast Asian	275	175	105	0.5	0.7	0.4
West Asian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	235	115	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	220	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	50,220	24,470	25,750	91.3	91.0	91.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	54,980	26,885	28,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,935	4,480	4,455	16.3	16.7	15.9
English	13,060	6,230	6,830	23.8	23.2	24.3
Irish	9,100	4,140	4,960	16.6	15.4	17.7
Scottish	9,000	4,365	4,635	16.4	16.2	16.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,240	3,780	4,460	15.0	14.1	15.9
German	6,885	3,270	3,615	12.5	12.2	12.9
Chinese	330	160	170	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	6,825	3,550	3,280	12.4	13.2	11.7
Indian (India)	575	275	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ukrainian	2,825	1,365	1,465	5.1	5.1	5.2
Dutch	3,450	1,810	1,640	6.3	6.7	5.8
Polish	2,350	1,125	1,225	4.3	4.2	4.4
Québécois	365	135	230	0.7	0.5	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,035	990	1,045	3.7	3.7	3.7
Filipino	395	150	250	0.7	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	1,585	765	820	2.9	2.8	2.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,265	635	630	2.3	2.4	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	800	340	465	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis	1,045	445	595	1.9	1.7	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	610	330	280	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	550	270	280	1.0	1.0	1.0
Norwegian	200	80	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	1,195	550	645	2.2	2.0	2.3
Portuguese	395	180	215	0.7	0.7	0.8
American	720	355	370	1.3	1.3	1.3
Spanish	350	175	175	0.6	0.7	0.6
Swedish	260	110	150	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	2,705	1,260	1,445	4.9	4.7	5.1
Acadian	150	65	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	135	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	365	205	160	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	145	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	220	120	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	340	195	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	225	110	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	360	200	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanese	125	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	150	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Danish	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	460	205	255	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	285	150	135	0.5	0.6	0.5
Belgian	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	135	70	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	90	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	215	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	575	280	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
Japanese	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	195	90	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	145	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	190	95	100	0.3	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	345	155	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Turkish	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	295	155	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	80	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	130	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
South African	80	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	170	125	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
Macedonian	100	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovenian	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	130	75	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealander	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	185	95	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Norman	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mayan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	54,980	26,880	28,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	170	95	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Christian	34,330	16,005	18,330	62.4	59.5	65.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,220	1,895	2,325	7.7	7.0	8.3
Anabaptist	220	100	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	2,775	1,205	1,570	5.0	4.5	5.6
Baptist	820	370	450	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catholic	19,305	9,300	10,000	35.1	34.6	35.6
Christian Orthodox	355	190	165	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	470	225	250	0.9	0.8	0.9
Latter Day Saints	140	65	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	665	280	385	1.2	1.0	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	650	300	345	1.2	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	925	400	520	1.7	1.5	1.9
Reformed	255	110	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
United Church	1,875	795	1,075	3.4	3.0	3.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,515	700	820	2.8	2.6	2.9
Hindu	235	135	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	475	245	225	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sikh	200	65	130	0.4	0.2	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	325	130	195	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	19,185	10,180	9,005	34.9	37.9	32.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	54,480	26,635	27,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,725	23,395	24,325	87.6	87.8	87.4
Movers	6,755	3,235	3,520	12.4	12.1	12.6
Non-migrants	3,325	1,570	1,760	6.1	5.9	6.3
Migrants	3,425	1,670	1,760	6.3	6.3	6.3
Internal migrants	3,215	1,590	1,625	5.9	6.0	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,140	1,560	1,585	5.8	5.9	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
External migrants	215	80	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	52,245	25,470	26,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,780	15,515	16,265	60.8	60.9	60.7
Movers	20,465	9,950	10,510	39.2	39.1	39.3
Non-migrants	8,110	3,825	4,280	15.5	15.0	16.0
Migrants	12,355	6,125	6,230	23.6	24.0	23.3
Internal migrants	11,155	5,535	5,615	21.4	21.7	21.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,620	5,225	5,395	20.3	20.5	20.1
Interprovincial migrants	535	315	220	1.0	1.2	0.8
External migrants	1,200	585	615	2.3	2.3	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,930	4,730	4,200	19.1	20.9	17.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,740	17,895	19,845	80.9	79.1	82.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,440	13,715	14,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,805	1,630	1,175	9.9	11.9	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,635	12,085	13,540	90.1	88.1	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,670	22,620	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,125	4,205	3,915	17.4	18.6	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,680	7,860	7,820	33.6	34.7	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,865	10,565	12,305	49.0	46.7	51.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,250	7,820	8,430	34.8	34.6	35.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,415	2,480	935	7.3	11.0	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,635	1,025	605	3.5	4.5	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,780	1,455	325	3.8	6.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,115	5,005	7,110	26.0	22.1	29.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	725	335	390	1.6	1.5	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,615	2,745	3,875	14.2	12.1	16.1
Bachelor's degree	4,945	2,000	2,945	10.6	8.8	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	395	155	230	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Master's degree	1,115	480	635	2.4	2.1	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,440	13,720	14,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,495	1,450	1,040	8.8	10.6	7.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,370	4,980	4,395	32.9	36.3	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,575	7,295	9,285	58.3	53.2	63.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,685	5,425	6,260	41.1	39.5	42.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,095	1,490	610	7.4	10.9	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,030	615	415	3.6	4.5	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,070	875	195	3.8	6.4	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,150	3,735	5,415	32.2	27.2	36.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	195	240	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,895	1,865	3,025	17.2	13.6	20.6
Bachelor's degree	3,695	1,435	2,260	13.0	10.5	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	275	85	195	1.0	0.6	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	830	305	520	2.9	2.2	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,805	12,060	11,740	51.0	53.3	48.8
Education	1,440	385	1,050	3.1	1.7	4.4
13. Education	1,440	385	1,050	3.1	1.7	4.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	800	355	445	1.7	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	720	290	430	1.5	1.3	1.8
Humanities	1,095	435	665	2.3	1.9	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	245	50	195	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	150	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	135	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,595	760	1,835	5.6	3.4	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	125	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	65	725	1.7	0.3	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	235	80	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	495	115	380	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	685	345	340	1.5	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	3,800	1,370	2,430	8.1	6.1	10.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	510	85	425	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,280	1,285	1,995	7.0	5.7	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	550	290	260	1.2	1.3	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	165	130	30	0.4	0.6	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	720	400	325	1.5	1.8	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	520	320	200	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	75	0	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,690	4,425	265	10.0	19.6	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	85	70	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	355	305	55	0.8	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,280	1,170	105	2.7	5.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	955	930	25	2.0	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,135	1,105	30	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	875	850	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	250	240	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	325	150	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	100	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	4,410	800	3,610	9.4	3.5	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	460	220	240	1.0	1.0	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,920	565	3,350	8.4	2.5	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,285	1,095	1,190	4.9	4.8	4.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	315	820	2.4	1.4	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	870	530	335	1.9	2.3	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	280	240	35	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,435	13,720	14,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,865	6,430	5,435	41.7	46.9	36.9
Education	920	230	690	3.2	1.7	4.7
13. Education	920	230	690	3.2	1.7	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	540	245	300	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	505	220	285	1.8	1.6	1.9
Humanities	775	300	470	2.7	2.2	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	195	35	160	0.7	0.3	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	105	160	0.9	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	115	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,065	570	1,495	7.3	4.2	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	225	90	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	55	605	2.3	0.4	4.1
22. Legal professions and studies	205	60	145	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	375	90	285	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	550	255	295	1.9	1.9	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,855	940	1,910	10.0	6.9	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	45	355	1.4	0.3	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,440	890	1,550	8.6	6.5	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	190	220	1.4	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	80	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	35	100	0.5	0.3	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	90	65	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	535	315	225	1.9	2.3	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	440	275	165	1.5	2.0	1.1
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,135	2,930	200	11.0	21.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	65	50	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	210	175	35	0.7	1.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	940	850	90	3.3	6.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	665	645	20	2.3	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	750	730	20	2.6	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	505	485	20	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	175	210	1.4	1.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270	115	160	0.9	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	60	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	3,230	535	2,690	11.4	3.9	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	335	145	190	1.2	1.1	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,875	390	2,485	10.1	2.8	16.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	855	875	6.1	6.2	5.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	835	235	600	2.9	1.7	4.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	435	260	2.4	3.2	1.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	200	185	15	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	28,435	13,720	14,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,865	6,430	5,435	41.7	46.9	36.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,575	7,290	9,285	58.3	53.1	63.1
Location of study inside Canada	15,065	6,615	8,450	53.0	48.2	57.4
Same as province or territory of residence	14,610	6,425	8,180	51.4	46.8	55.6
Different than province or territory of residence	455	185	270	1.6	1.3	1.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,510	675	830	5.3	4.9	5.6
Americas	650	305	345	2.3	2.2	2.3
United States of America	420	185	230	1.5	1.3	1.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	275	155	120	1.0	1.1	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	50	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	455	150	305	1.6	1.1	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	75	20	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Philippines	115	30	85	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	120	25	90	0.4	0.2	0.6
Pakistan	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	46,670	22,620	24,045	...	...	...
In the labour force	26,570	13,560	13,010	...	...	...
Employed	22,595	11,750	10,845	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,975	1,810	2,170	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	20,095	9,065	11,035	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.9	59.9	54.1	56.9	59.9	54.1
Employment rate	48.4	51.9	45.1	48.4	51.9	45.1
Unemployment rate	15.0	13.3	16.7	15.0	13.3	16.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	46,670	22,625	24,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,690	9,360	11,330	44.3	41.4	47.1
Worked	25,980	13,260	12,715	55.7	58.6	52.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,070	7,175	5,895	28.0	31.7	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,910	6,090	6,820	27.7	26.9	28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.0	40.0	40.5	41.0	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	26,570	13,560	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	3.2	2.9	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	25,735	13,165	12,565	96.9	97.1	96.6
Employee	22,975	11,545	11,430	86.5	85.1	87.9
Permanent position	20,045	10,075	9,975	75.4	74.3	76.7
Temporary position	2,925	1,475	1,455	11.0	10.9	11.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	860	400	465	3.2	2.9	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,060	1,075	985	7.8	7.9	7.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,760	1,620	1,135	10.4	11.9	8.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	26,570	13,560	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	3.2	2.9	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	25,735	13,165	12,565	96.9	97.1	96.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	110	40	0.6	0.8	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,450	985	2,460	13.0	7.3	18.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,260	1,035	225	4.7	7.6	1.7
3 Health occupations	2,275	350	1,925	8.6	2.6	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,915	915	2,000	11.0	6.7	15.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	535	210	320	2.0	1.5	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	8,010	3,155	4,860	30.1	23.3	37.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,120	4,775	340	19.3	35.2	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	655	515	140	2.5	3.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,360	1,105	255	5.1	8.1	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	26,570	13,560	13,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	395	445	3.2	2.9	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	25,735	13,165	12,565	96.9	97.1	96.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	380	235	145	1.4	1.7	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	60	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	165	145	25	0.6	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	2,350	2,130	225	8.8	15.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,530	2,080	455	9.5	15.3	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	640	480	160	2.4	3.5	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	3,470	1,545	1,925	13.1	11.4	14.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,165	880	280	4.4	6.5	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	260	150	110	1.0	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,125	375	755	4.2	2.8	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	365	200	160	1.4	1.5	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,165	555	610	4.4	4.1	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,430	880	550	5.4	6.5	4.2
61 Educational services	1,945	575	1,375	7.3	4.2	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	3,665	530	3,130	13.8	3.9	24.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	595	320	270	2.2	2.4	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	2,060	770	1,285	7.8	5.7	9.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,120	535	585	4.2	3.9	4.5
91 Public administration	1,205	695	505	4.5	5.1	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	28,140	14,295	13,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	26,625	13,760	12,865	94.6	96.3	93.0
French	385	85	300	1.4	0.6	2.2
Non-official language	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	865	280	580	3.1	2.0	4.2
English and non-official language(s)	185	135	55	0.7	0.9	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	28,140	14,295	13,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	27,945	14,215	13,735	99.3	99.4	99.2
Official languages	27,875	14,180	13,695	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	27,275	14,050	13,230	96.9	98.3	95.6
French	600	130	470	2.1	0.9	3.4
Non-official languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	190	80	110	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	140	35	100	0.5	0.2	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	50	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	28,140	14,295	13,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	27,245	13,940	13,305	96.8	97.5	96.1
English	230	55	175	0.8	0.4	1.3
French	515	200	315	1.8	1.4	2.3
Non-official language	125	80	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	80	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,595	11,750	10,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,845	1,465	2,375	17.0	12.5	21.9
Worked outside Canada	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
No fixed workplace address	3,215	2,430	780	14.2	20.7	7.2
Usual place of work	15,460	7,815	7,645	68.4	66.5	70.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,465	7,820	7,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,570	2,770	3,805	42.5	35.4	49.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,330	3,950	3,380	47.4	50.5	44.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,515	1,070	445	9.8	13.7	5.8
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,675	10,245	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	17,260	9,590	7,660	92.4	93.6	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	15,935	8,930	7,010	85.3	87.2	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,325	665	655	7.1	6.5	7.8
Public transit	295	115	175	1.6	1.1	2.1
Walked	610	250	355	3.3	2.4	4.2
Bicycle	140	115	25	0.7	1.1	0.3
Other method	375	175	210	2.0	1.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,675	10,245	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,455	2,975	3,485	34.6	29.0	41.3
15 to 29 minutes	6,890	3,800	3,090	36.9	37.1	36.7
30 to 44 minutes	3,390	2,020	1,375	18.2	19.7	16.3
45 to 59 minutes	840	635	210	4.5	6.2	2.5
60 minutes and over	1,095	825	275	5.9	8.1	3.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,675	10,245	8,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,745	1,260	490	9.3	12.3	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,620	2,510	1,115	19.4	24.5	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,230	2,340	1,890	22.7	22.8	22.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,560	1,455	2,105	19.1	14.2	25.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,170	820	1,350	11.6	8.0	16.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,345	1,870	1,475	17.9	18.3	17.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,240	5,285	4,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,780	940	835	17.4	17.8	16.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,460	4,345	4,110	82.6	82.2	83.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,340	3,780	3,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,340	720	620	18.3	19.0	17.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	915	475	440	12.5	12.6	12.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	240	185	5.8	6.3	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,005	3,060	2,940	81.8	81.0	82.6

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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