Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Niagara Falls, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	94,415	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	88,071	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,778	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,793	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	449.1	...	...	449.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	210.25	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	94,415	45,885	48,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,895	7,140	6,755	14.7	15.6	13.9
0 to 4 years	4,095	2,115	1,980	4.3	4.6	4.1
5 to 9 years	4,750	2,455	2,290	5.0	5.4	4.7
10 to 14 years	5,050	2,570	2,480	5.3	5.6	5.1
15 to 64 years	59,860	29,445	30,415	63.4	64.2	62.7
15 to 19 years	5,125	2,665	2,455	5.4	5.8	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,515	2,910	2,600	5.8	6.3	5.4
25 to 29 years	5,750	2,870	2,875	6.1	6.3	5.9
30 to 34 years	5,740	2,885	2,860	6.1	6.3	5.9
35 to 39 years	5,585	2,650	2,935	5.9	5.8	6.0
40 to 44 years	5,625	2,710	2,915	6.0	5.9	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,925	2,865	3,065	6.3	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	6,375	3,095	3,285	6.8	6.7	6.8
55 to 59 years	7,145	3,505	3,640	7.6	7.6	7.5
60 to 64 years	7,070	3,285	3,785	7.5	7.2	7.8
65 years and over	20,660	9,300	11,365	21.9	20.3	23.4
65 to 69 years	6,340	2,975	3,370	6.7	6.5	6.9
70 to 74 years	5,365	2,515	2,845	5.7	5.5	5.9
75 to 79 years	3,610	1,685	1,920	3.8	3.7	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,540	1,095	1,440	2.7	2.4	3.0
85 years and over	2,810	1,025	1,785	3.0	2.2	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,615	660	960	1.7	1.4	2.0
90 to 94 years	920	305	620	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	240	60	185	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.6	13.9	14.7	15.6	13.9
15 to 64 years	63.4	64.2	62.7	63.4	64.2	62.7
65 years and over	21.9	20.3	23.4	21.9	20.3	23.4
85 years and over	3.0	2.2	3.7	3.0	2.2	3.7
Average age of the population	43.9	42.6	45.1	43.9	42.6	45.1
Median age of the population	44.8	43.2	46.4	44.8	43.2	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,990	...	...	66.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,075	...	...	5.5	...	...
Row house	2,820	...	...	7.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,260	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,980	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,595	...	...	4.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,555	...	...	27.9	...	...
2 persons	12,915	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	6,005	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	5,185	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,135	...	...	8.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	80,525	38,745	41,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,205	21,575	21,630	53.7	55.7	51.8
Married	35,795	17,860	17,930	44.5	46.1	42.9
Living common-law	7,410	3,710	3,695	9.2	9.6	8.8
Living common law - Never married	4,750	2,380	2,375	5.9	6.1	5.7
Living common law - Separated	525	280	240	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,880	950	925	2.3	2.5	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	250	95	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	37,315	17,170	20,150	46.3	44.3	48.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,660	12,390	10,265	28.1	32.0	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,925	1,245	1,685	3.6	3.2	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,090	2,325	3,765	7.6	6.0	9.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,645	1,205	4,440	7.0	3.1	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,065	...	...	52.8	...	...
3 persons	5,915	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	4,810	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,860	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,645	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,990	...	...	78.8	...	...
Married couples	17,290	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,910	...	...	33.4	...	...
Without children	8,385	...	...	31.5	...	...
Common-law couples	3,700	...	...	13.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,530	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	2,170	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,650	...	...	21.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,420	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,230	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,040	37,050	37,990	81.0	82.1	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,980	20,970	21,010	45.3	46.5	44.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,650	1,230	4,420	6.1	2.7	9.3
Children⁶	27,410	14,850	12,560	29.6	32.9	26.4
In a two-parent family	18,775	10,085	8,695	20.3	22.4	18.3
In a one-parent family	8,640	4,770	3,870	9.3	10.6	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,620	8,055	9,565	19.0	17.9	20.1
Living alone	10,550	4,575	5,980	11.4	10.1	12.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,700	1,095	1,600	2.9	2.4	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	4,370	2,380	1,990	4.7	5.3	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,430	...	...	59.4	...	...
Couple-family households	18,225	...	...	48.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,085	...	...	24.0	...	...
Without children	9,145	...	...	24.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,205	...	...	11.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	320	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,425	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,645	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	10,550	...	...	27.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	78,810	37,985	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,020	36,530	39,485	96.5	96.2	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,800	32,800	35,600	38,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,055	36,555	39,500	96.5	96.2	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600	32,800	35,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,030	32,460	33,570	83.8	85.5	82.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,200	30,400	19,200	24,200	30,400	19,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,840	27,165	25,675	67.0	71.5	62.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,600	28,000	20,000	23,600	28,000	20,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,155	33,890	37,265	90.3	89.2	91.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	12,200	14,300	13,500	12,200	14,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,630	5,910	6,715	16.0	15.6	16.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,950	13,835	15,120	36.7	36.4	37.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,500	11,000	10,600	10,500	11,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	78,815	38,000	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,090	36,595	39,495	96.5	96.3	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,840	50,440	39,640	44,840	50,440	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,130	36,605	39,520	96.6	96.3	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,640	42,640	34,960	38,640	42,640	34,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,135	32,570	33,565	83.9	85.7	82.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,080	43,880	30,480	37,080	43,880	30,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,840	27,135	25,705	67.0	71.4	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,720	41,840	31,280	36,720	41,840	31,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,075	33,805	37,270	90.2	89.0	91.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,500	12,300	14,560	13,500	12,300	14,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,680	6,045	6,635	16.1	15.9	16.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,160	6,540	6,360	6,160	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,935	13,775	15,160	36.7	36.3	37.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,320	10,540	10,430	10,320	10,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	78,810	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,260	10,825	8,440	24.4	28.5	20.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	62,800	50,800	57,200	62,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	72,700	57,800	66,200	72,700	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,590	11,480	13,115	31.2	30.2	32.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,900	15,000	13,100	13,900	15,000	13,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,140	24,840	19,800	22,140	24,840	19,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.8	77.4	65.4	71.8	77.4	65.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.9	61.5	51.4	56.9	61.5	51.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.1	22.6	34.7	28.1	22.6	34.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.7	8.3	11.5	9.7	8.3	11.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.9	7.7	10.2	8.9	7.7	10.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	78,815	37,985	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,795	1,450	1,340	3.5	3.8	3.3
With total income	76,015	36,530	39,485	96.4	96.2	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,455	2,340	3,120	7.2	6.4	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,990	4,165	5,820	13.1	11.4	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	14,935	6,490	8,450	19.6	17.8	21.4
$30,000 to $39,999	13,015	5,865	7,145	17.1	16.1	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	9,480	4,370	5,110	12.5	12.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,535	3,150	3,385	8.6	8.6	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,625	2,575	2,045	6.1	7.0	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	1,840	1,320	4.2	5.0	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,235	1,370	865	2.9	3.8	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,135	705	2.4	3.1	1.8
$100,000 and over	4,750	3,230	1,520	6.2	8.8	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,500	2,300	1,195	4.6	6.3	3.0
$150,000 and over	1,255	930	320	1.7	2.5	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	78,815	37,985	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,755	1,430	1,325	3.5	3.8	3.2
With after-tax income	76,055	36,555	39,500	96.5	96.2	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,745	2,430	3,320	7.6	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,525	4,405	6,115	13.8	12.1	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	17,270	7,550	9,725	22.7	20.7	24.6
$30,000 to $39,999	14,340	6,650	7,690	18.9	18.2	19.5
$40,000 to $49,999	9,880	4,695	5,190	13.0	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,375	3,390	2,985	8.4	9.3	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,970	2,280	1,690	5.2	6.2	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,695	1,690	1,000	3.5	4.6	2.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	1,150	865	2.7	3.1	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,075	725	350	1.4	2.0	0.9
$100,000 and over	2,165	1,595	575	2.8	4.4	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,205	870	335	1.6	2.4	0.8
$125,000 and over	955	725	235	1.3	2.0	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	78,815	37,985	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,975	10,820	15,155	33.0	28.5	37.1
With employment income	52,840	27,170	25,670	67.0	71.5	62.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,990	5,120	4,870	18.9	18.8	19.0
$5,000 to $9,999	6,130	2,725	3,405	11.6	10.0	13.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,340	3,775	4,560	15.8	13.9	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,185	2,460	2,725	9.8	9.1	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,645	2,295	2,355	8.8	8.4	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,120	1,945	2,175	7.8	7.2	8.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,365	1,750	1,615	6.4	6.4	6.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,705	1,605	1,095	5.1	5.9	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,850	1,140	715	3.5	4.2	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570	990	585	3.0	3.6	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,545	885	655	2.9	3.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	3,380	2,480	905	6.4	9.1	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,785	1,240	545	3.4	4.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	1,600	1,235	360	3.0	4.5	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	78,810	37,985	40,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,015	36,025	38,995	95.2	94.8	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	30,000	33,600	38,800	30,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,050	36,025	39,025	95.2	94.8	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,200	28,400	31,200	35,200	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,960	32,400	33,565	83.7	85.3	82.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,000	25,600	30,400	36,000	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,825	27,570	26,255	68.3	72.6	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,200	28,000	31,200	35,200	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,905	31,735	35,170	84.9	83.5	86.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,040	2,000	7,500	5,040	2,000	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,220	2,760	3,460	7.9	7.3	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,120	5,080	5,120	5,120	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	78,815	38,000	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,025	36,035	38,990	95.2	94.8	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	48,960	37,080	42,760	48,960	37,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,055	36,045	39,005	95.2	94.9	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,080	39,640	32,760	36,080	39,640	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,090	32,485	33,605	83.9	85.5	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	47,120	33,000	39,960	47,120	33,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,845	27,575	26,270	68.3	72.6	64.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,760	45,040	34,200	39,760	45,040	34,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,815	31,610	35,200	84.8	83.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,510	7,360	9,550	8,510	7,360	9,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,190	2,800	3,390	7.9	7.4	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,095	6,690	6,420	6,095	6,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	78,810	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,125	10,730	8,390	24.3	28.2	20.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	60,800	46,800	53,200	60,800	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,500	70,700	54,400	63,500	70,700	54,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,590	11,000	12,595	29.9	29.0	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	27,600	23,600	25,000	27,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,120	34,840	27,880	31,120	34,840	27,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	86.8	76.8	82.2	86.8	76.8
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.4	62.2	66.8	70.4	62.2
Government transfers (%)	17.7	13.2	23.2	17.7	13.2	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	27,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	47,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,680	...	...	39,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	27,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	475	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	720	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,635	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,540	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,715	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,635	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,615	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,200	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,110	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,905	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,260	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,530	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,485	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,955	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,035	...	...	8.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,055	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,775	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,800	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,720	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,880	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,800	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,825	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,665	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,580	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,165	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,795	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,375	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,645	...	...	25.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,215	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,350	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,080	...	...	8.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,595	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,920	6,955	7,965	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200	32,800	33,600	35,200	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	32,400	30,600	31,400	32,400	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...	105,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,900	...	...	91,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,400	...	...	68,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,985	6,810	8,180	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	47,400	40,240	43,480	47,400	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	38,920	34,960	36,760	38,920	34,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,665	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,890	8,690	8,195	18.2	19.3	17.2
0 to 5 years	4,980	2,595	2,385	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	56,335	27,570	28,765	60.8	61.1	60.5
65 years and over	19,440	8,840	10,600	21.0	19.6	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,615	4,730	5,890	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,450	1,260	1,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	760	400	355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,710	2,580	3,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,455	890	1,565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.5	10.5	12.4	11.5	10.5	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	14.5	14.5	14.6	14.5	14.5	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.5	15.0	15.2	15.5	15.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.4	10.9	10.1	9.4	10.9
65 years and over (%)	12.6	10.1	14.8	12.6	10.1	14.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,885	8,695	8,195	18.2	19.3	17.2
0 to 5 years	4,975	2,595	2,385	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	56,340	27,565	28,770	60.8	61.1	60.5
65 years and over	19,445	8,845	10,595	21.0	19.6	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,935	1,990	1,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	640	340	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	95	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,965	1,510	1,455	...	...	...
65 years and over	330	135	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.4	4.1	4.3	4.4	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.9	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.3	5.5	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.5	1.8	1.7	1.5	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,670	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,505	25,815	28,695	58.8	57.2	60.3
In bottom decile	9,635	4,510	5,125	10.4	10.0	10.8
In second decile	11,570	5,195	6,370	12.5	11.5	13.4
In third decile	12,035	5,755	6,280	13.0	12.8	13.2
In fourth decile	10,965	5,365	5,600	11.8	11.9	11.8
In fifth decile	10,295	4,985	5,310	11.1	11.1	11.2
In top half of the distribution	38,160	19,295	18,865	41.2	42.8	39.7
In sixth decile	9,395	4,675	4,720	10.1	10.4	9.9
In seventh decile	8,910	4,470	4,435	9.6	9.9	9.3
In eighth decile	7,905	4,005	3,895	8.5	8.9	8.2
In ninth decile	6,850	3,485	3,360	7.4	7.7	7.1
In top decile	5,105	2,655	2,455	5.5	5.9	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,665	...	...	92,665	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.469	...	...	0.469	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265	...	...	0.265	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	93,525	45,520	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	86,315	42,455	43,865	92.3	93.3	91.4
French only	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	5,880	2,565	3,320	6.3	5.6	6.9
Neither English nor French	1,280	485	795	1.4	1.1	1.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	93,525	45,520	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	90,560	44,285	46,275	96.8	97.3	96.4
French	1,445	650	795	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	290	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,230	460	770	1.3	1.0	1.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	93,525	45,520	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,090	43,900	46,190	96.3	96.4	96.2
Official languages	70,855	34,775	36,080	75.8	76.4	75.2
English	69,355	34,095	35,255	74.2	74.9	73.4
French	1,505	675	825	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official languages	19,235	9,125	10,110	20.6	20.0	21.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,225	9,115	10,110	20.6	20.0	21.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,000	525	475	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	790	425	360	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	725	390	330	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	535	230	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	525	225	300	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,585	665	920	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,360	570	790	1.5	1.3	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	720	380	340	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	590	310	280	0.6	0.7	0.6
Tamil	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,090	5,820	6,265	12.9	12.8	13.1
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,995	1,390	1,605	3.2	3.1	3.3
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,975	1,385	1,590	3.2	3.0	3.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	725	325	400	0.8	0.7	0.8
Russian	415	175	240	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,220	610	605	1.3	1.3	1.3
Bosnian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	965	490	475	1.0	1.1	1.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	745	340	415	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	490	220	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	485	215	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,255	1,695	1,560	3.5	3.7	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020	1,570	1,445	3.2	3.4	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	555	315	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	440	245	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,135	560	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	655	330	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	230	125	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,850	2,270	2,575	5.2	5.0	5.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,010	1,410	1,605	3.2	3.1	3.3
Portuguese	230	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Spanish	1,445	670	775	1.5	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	150	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	485	235	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,730	775	955	1.8	1.7	2.0
Chinese languages	1,700	760	940	1.8	1.7	2.0
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,050	455	595	1.1	1.0	1.2
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	585	270	315	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	240	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	230	120	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	400	175	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	375	165	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,435	1,625	1,810	3.7	3.6	3.8
English and French	515	235	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,535	1,215	1,325	2.7	2.7	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	93,525	45,520	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,285	35,965	37,320	78.4	79.0	77.8
French	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	5,095	2,320	2,775	5.4	5.1	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,095	2,320	2,775	5.4	5.1	5.8
English and French	1,005	435	570	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	13,005	6,280	6,720	13.9	13.8	14.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	93,525	45,520	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	90,365	44,020	46,345	96.6	96.7	96.6
Official languages	80,245	39,245	41,000	85.8	86.2	85.4
English	79,855	39,065	40,790	85.4	85.8	85.0
French	395	180	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	10,120	4,775	5,340	10.8	10.5	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,120	4,775	5,340	10.8	10.5	11.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	635	315	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	435	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	335	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	875	410	460	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	755	355	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	525	260	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	460	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,535	2,610	2,925	5.9	5.7	6.1
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,415	655	765	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,420	655	760	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	625	300	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	540	260	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,230	1,135	1,095	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,120	1,085	1,035	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	370	200	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	305	170	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	885	435	455	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	440	220	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,760	765	995	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	770	290	480	0.8	0.6	1.0
Portuguese	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	830	390	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	395	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,310	585	720	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese languages	1,290	575	715	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	805	355	450	0.9	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	195	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	65	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,160	1,500	1,660	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,910	1,400	1,510	3.1	3.1	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	93,525	45,525	48,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	81,270	39,650	41,620	86.9	87.1	86.7
English	4,100	2,010	2,090	4.4	4.4	4.4
French	835	360	480	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	5,785	2,740	3,040	6.2	6.0	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,770	2,735	3,035	6.2	6.0	6.3
English and French	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	605	300	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	655	325	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,525	44,675	46,845	98.8	99.0	98.5
English	91,440	44,635	46,805	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	5,945	2,605	3,335	6.4	5.8	7.0
Non-official languages	25,535	12,120	13,415	27.6	26.9	28.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,520	12,115	13,405	27.5	26.9	28.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,730	890	845	1.9	2.0	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,390	720	670	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,295	675	620	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	650	320	330	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	630	315	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,330	975	1,350	2.5	2.2	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,230	950	1,280	2.4	2.1	2.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	785	405	380	0.8	0.9	0.8
Kannada	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	610	300	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tamil	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,435	7,885	8,545	17.7	17.5	18.0
Albanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,625	1,755	1,870	3.9	3.9	3.9
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,610	1,740	1,870	3.9	3.9	3.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Czech	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	980	435	550	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian	745	340	405	0.8	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,390	735	660	1.5	1.6	1.4
Bosnian	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatian	345	195	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	1,080	555	520	1.2	1.2	1.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	210	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,065	500	565	1.1	1.1	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	720	365	355	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	720	360	355	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	4,795	2,470	2,320	5.2	5.5	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages	4,550	2,345	2,205	4.9	5.2	4.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	915	520	395	1.0	1.2	0.8
Hindi	2,240	1,160	1,070	2.4	2.6	2.2
Kacchi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nepali	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,785	850	935	1.9	1.9	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,190	650	540	1.3	1.4	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	295	160	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,830	3,100	3,725	7.4	6.9	7.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	4,250	1,970	2,280	4.6	4.4	4.8
Portuguese	395	205	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	175	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,275	995	1,280	2.5	2.2	2.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	215	75	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	575	305	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	305	160	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Akan (Twi)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,010	890	1,120	2.2	2.0	2.4
Chinese languages	1,965	870	1,095	2.1	1.9	2.3
Hakka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,445	600	840	1.6	1.3	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	720	355	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	350	215	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	315	190	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Uyghur	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	570	255	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	530	250	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,670	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,495	1,185	1,310	2.7	2.6	2.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,385	1,135	1,245	2.6	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,430	675	755	1.5	1.5	1.6
Métis	945	455	490	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	90,170	43,920	46,250	97.3	97.4	97.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,670	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	620	300	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,050	44,805	47,240	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,595	...	...	70.4	...	...
Renter	11,200	...	...	29.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,995	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not condominium	34,800	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,330	...	...	8.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,105	...	...	21.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,470	...	...	43.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,785	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,690	...	...	20.3	...	...
5 rooms	5,790	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	6,445	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,965	...	...	15.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,900	...	...	31.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,275	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	515	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,070	...	...	95.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,720	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,695	...	...	30.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,290	...	...	29.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,080	...	...	10.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,320	...	...	8.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,455	...	...	3.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,495	...	...	4.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,865	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,600	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,740	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,050	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,300	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,435	...	...	43.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,055	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	590	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,890	...	...	10.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,840	...	...	15.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,790	...	...	18.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,265	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,855	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,965	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,600	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,855	...	...	76.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,745	...	...	23.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,090	...	...	21.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,575	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,935	...	...	21.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,360	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,365	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	550	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	26,215	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,030	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not in core need	32,920	...	...	89.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.1	...	...	59.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.4	...	...	16.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	596,000	...	...	596,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,195	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.5	...	...	39.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.4	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,212	...	...	1,212	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	805	355	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	775	345	430	0.8	0.8	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	635	285	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,450	1,205	1,240	2.6	2.7	2.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,340	1,150	1,195	2.5	2.5	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,765	840	930	1.9	1.9	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	560	300	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,410	43,545	45,865	96.5	96.5	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,185	41,665	43,520	91.9	92.4	91.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,140	8,305	7,835	17.4	18.4	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	69,045	33,365	35,685	74.5	74.0	75.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,480	3,435	4,045	8.1	7.6	8.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,705	33,815	34,890	74.1	75.0	73.4
Immigrants⁸¹	21,190	9,945	11,245	22.9	22.0	23.6
Before 1980	6,605	3,055	3,550	7.1	6.8	7.5
1980 to 1990	2,170	1,115	1,050	2.3	2.5	2.2
1991 to 2000	3,570	1,665	1,900	3.9	3.7	4.0
2001 to 2010	4,150	1,845	2,305	4.5	4.1	4.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,695	2,260	2,435	5.1	5.0	5.1
2011 to 2015	2,070	995	1,080	2.2	2.2	2.3
2016 to 2021	2,625	1,265	1,360	2.8	2.8	2.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,770	1,350	1,420	3.0	3.0	3.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,190	9,945	11,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,175	1,130	1,045	10.3	11.4	9.3
5 to 14 years	3,735	1,905	1,835	17.6	19.2	16.3
15 to 24 years	4,605	1,990	2,615	21.7	20.0	23.2
25 to 44 years	9,005	4,185	4,815	42.5	42.1	42.8
45 years and over	1,670	735	940	7.9	7.4	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,190	9,945	11,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,265	1,390	1,875	15.4	14.0	16.7
Brazil	70	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	300	125	175	1.4	1.3	1.6
El Salvador	80	25	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Guyana	150	55	95	0.7	0.6	0.8
Haiti	85	35	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaica	400	200	200	1.9	2.0	1.8
Mexico	210	90	120	1.0	0.9	1.1
Peru	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	210	115	100	1.0	1.2	0.9
United States of America	1,160	450	710	5.5	4.5	6.3
Other places of birth in Americas	545	250	295	2.6	2.5	2.6
Europe	8,405	4,025	4,380	39.7	40.5	38.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	200	100	95	0.9	1.0	0.8
Croatia	495	255	240	2.3	2.6	2.1
France	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	375	170	200	1.8	1.7	1.8
Greece	135	80	60	0.6	0.8	0.5
Hungary	280	120	160	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italy	2,230	1,045	1,185	10.5	10.5	10.5
Netherlands	155	95	55	0.7	1.0	0.5
Poland	635	300	330	3.0	3.0	2.9
Portugal	120	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	175	100	70	0.8	1.0	0.6
Russian Federation	145	55	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	310	180	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
Ukraine	250	115	130	1.2	1.2	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,960	890	1,075	9.2	8.9	9.6
Other places of birth in Europe	905	435	465	4.3	4.4	4.1
Africa	1,080	565	515	5.1	5.7	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	115	65	55	0.5	0.7	0.5
Eritrea	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	245	120	130	1.2	1.2	1.2
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	490	275	215	2.3	2.8	1.9
Asia	8,385	3,935	4,450	39.6	39.6	39.6
Afghanistan	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	80	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	220	115	100	1.0	1.2	0.9
Lebanon	100	60	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Turkey	175	110	65	0.8	1.1	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,315	520	800	6.2	5.2	7.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	335	155	185	1.6	1.6	1.6
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,940	790	1,145	9.2	7.9	10.2
Viet Nam	460	220	240	2.2	2.2	2.1
Bangladesh	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	1,945	1,035	905	9.2	10.4	8.0
Pakistan	750	390	355	3.5	3.9	3.2
Sri Lanka	125	65	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Asia	645	275	370	3.0	2.8	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,625	1,260	1,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	175	175	13.1	13.9	12.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	15	25	1.5	1.2	1.8
Haiti	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jamaica	40	35	10	1.5	2.8	0.7
Mexico	45	15	25	1.7	1.2	1.8
United States of America	130	70	65	5.0	5.6	4.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	30	40	2.7	2.4	2.9
Europe	230	140	95	8.8	11.1	7.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Ukraine	30	15	15	1.1	1.2	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0	1.0	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	165	95	75	6.3	7.5	5.5
Africa	255	125	130	9.7	9.9	9.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	15	1.1	1.6	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	90	35	50	3.4	2.8	3.7
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Sudan⁹⁷	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	50	25	3.0	4.0	1.8
Asia	1,790	825	965	68.2	65.5	71.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	65	150	8.0	5.2	11.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	705	390	320	26.9	31.0	23.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	50	30	25	1.9	2.4	1.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Jordan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	3.2	2.8	3.7
Lebanon	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	125	60	70	4.8	4.8	5.1
Philippines	360	155	210	13.7	12.3	15.4
Saudi Arabia	30	20	10	1.1	1.6	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	35	10	25	1.3	0.8	1.8
Turkey	20	15	10	0.8	1.2	0.7
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Viet Nam	45	15	35	1.7	1.2	2.6
Other places of birth in Asia	50	20	35	1.9	1.6	2.6
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,670	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	24,830	11,655	13,180	26.8	25.8	27.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,020	10,400	10,620	22.7	23.1	22.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,815	23,055	23,760	50.5	51.1	50.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,580	6,885	7,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,415	3,255	3,165	44.0	47.3	41.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,880	1,650	1,235	19.8	24.0	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,535	1,605	1,925	24.2	23.3	25.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,810	1,825	2,985	33.0	26.5	38.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,025	1,650	1,370	20.7	24.0	17.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	335	160	180	2.3	2.3	2.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,580	6,885	7,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,590	745	840	10.9	10.8	10.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,445	585	865	9.9	8.5	11.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	250	130	120	1.7	1.9	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	775	385	390	5.3	5.6	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	30	105	0.9	0.4	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,390	5,010	5,375	71.3	72.8	69.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,670	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,360	9,430	9,935	20.9	20.9	20.9
South Asian	5,810	3,040	2,775	6.3	6.7	5.8
Chinese	2,230	970	1,260	2.4	2.2	2.6
Black	2,840	1,445	1,395	3.1	3.2	2.9
Filipino	2,825	1,285	1,540	3.0	2.8	3.2
Arab	985	530	455	1.1	1.2	1.0
Latin American	1,455	620	840	1.6	1.4	1.8
Southeast Asian	905	480	425	1.0	1.1	0.9
West Asian	275	170	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	590	305	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Japanese	210	75	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	500	210	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	740	305	435	0.8	0.7	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,305	35,680	37,625	79.1	79.1	79.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,665	45,105	47,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,915	6,390	6,525	13.9	14.2	13.7
English	18,640	8,720	9,915	20.1	19.3	20.8
Irish	13,285	6,115	7,170	14.3	13.6	15.1
Scottish	13,930	6,670	7,255	15.0	14.8	15.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,745	3,730	4,005	8.4	8.3	8.4
German	8,890	4,215	4,675	9.6	9.3	9.8
Chinese	2,230	960	1,275	2.4	2.1	2.7
Italian	15,635	7,770	7,865	16.9	17.2	16.5
Indian (India)	3,440	1,770	1,675	3.7	3.9	3.5
Ukrainian	3,300	1,680	1,620	3.6	3.7	3.4
Dutch	2,875	1,365	1,510	3.1	3.0	3.2
Polish	3,905	1,840	2,060	4.2	4.1	4.3
Québécois	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,295	1,635	1,660	3.6	3.6	3.5
Filipino	2,725	1,220	1,505	2.9	2.7	3.2
French Canadian	1,255	595	665	1.4	1.3	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,570	800	770	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,170	570	605	1.3	1.3	1.3
Métis	805	415	390	0.9	0.9	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	910	440	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian	1,205	595	605	1.3	1.3	1.3
Norwegian	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Welsh	1,300	545	755	1.4	1.2	1.6
Portuguese	595	330	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
American	1,290	575	715	1.4	1.3	1.5
Spanish	820	335	485	0.9	0.7	1.0
Swedish	370	125	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hungarian	2,280	1,095	1,185	2.5	2.4	2.5
Acadian	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	890	475	420	1.0	1.1	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	585	315	270	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	340	195	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	415	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	700	355	345	0.8	0.8	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	850	440	410	0.9	1.0	0.9
Jamaican	890	445	445	1.0	1.0	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	645	305	335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	580	310	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
Romanian	665	355	310	0.7	0.8	0.7
Lebanese	270	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	385	165	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	290	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	460	190	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sikh	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austrian	460	210	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	320	175	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Haitian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	355	205	155	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mexican	320	165	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	300	130	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	635	315	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	320	130	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	325	180	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Egyptian	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	240	130	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	105	25	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	505	245	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Moroccan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	235	85	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	205	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afghan	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	1,455	750	705	1.6	1.7	1.5
Ojibway	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	140	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	440	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	295	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	335	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	325	140	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	135	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	145	65	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	175	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	85	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	170	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Israeli	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	215	70	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Zimbabwean	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,665	45,105	47,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	710	330	380	0.8	0.7	0.8
Christian	55,670	26,070	29,595	60.1	57.8	62.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,550	3,115	3,440	7.1	6.9	7.2
Anabaptist	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Anglican	4,235	1,910	2,325	4.6	4.2	4.9
Baptist	875	415	455	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	30,835	14,705	16,135	33.3	32.6	33.9
Christian Orthodox	2,195	1,135	1,060	2.4	2.5	2.2
Jehovah's Witness	400	170	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,225	495	730	1.3	1.1	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	240	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	895	430	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
Presbyterian	1,715	750	970	1.9	1.7	2.0
Reformed	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,400	1,395	2,010	3.7	3.1	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,635	1,170	1,470	2.8	2.6	3.1
Hindu	1,850	1,010	835	2.0	2.2	1.8
Jewish	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	3,780	1,930	1,850	4.1	4.3	3.9
Sikh	1,265	595	670	1.4	1.3	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	470	185	280	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	28,630	14,840	13,790	30.9	32.9	29.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,945	44,730	47,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	81,265	39,530	41,735	88.4	88.4	88.4
Movers	10,675	5,200	5,480	11.6	11.6	11.6
Non-migrants	5,515	2,690	2,820	6.0	6.0	6.0
Migrants	5,165	2,510	2,655	5.6	5.6	5.6
Internal migrants	4,515	2,180	2,335	4.9	4.9	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,345	2,110	2,240	4.7	4.7	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	655	330	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,540	43,005	45,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	55,360	26,795	28,570	62.5	62.3	62.7
Movers	33,180	16,215	16,965	37.5	37.7	37.3
Non-migrants	13,775	6,670	7,100	15.6	15.5	15.6
Migrants	19,405	9,540	9,860	21.9	22.2	21.7
Internal migrants	15,360	7,615	7,745	17.3	17.7	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	14,240	7,030	7,210	16.1	16.3	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,120	585	535	1.3	1.4	1.2
External migrants	4,045	1,925	2,115	4.6	4.5	4.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,815	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,105	7,085	7,015	17.9	18.6	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,705	30,910	33,800	82.1	81.4	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,795	23,480	25,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,050	2,770	2,275	10.3	11.8	9.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,740	20,710	23,035	89.6	88.2	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,810	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,695	6,225	6,465	16.1	16.4	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,090	12,795	13,295	33.1	33.7	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,030	18,970	21,055	50.8	49.9	51.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,805	12,195	12,610	31.5	32.1	30.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,130	3,710	1,430	6.5	9.8	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,495	1,605	890	3.2	4.2	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,640	2,105	540	3.3	5.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,070	7,750	10,320	22.9	20.4	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,600	740	860	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,220	6,780	8,445	19.3	17.8	20.7
Bachelor's degree	10,590	4,555	6,035	13.4	12.0	14.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,130	490	640	1.4	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	205	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	2,820	1,370	1,450	3.6	3.6	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	48,795	23,475	25,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,375	2,350	2,020	9.0	10.0	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,160	7,785	7,380	31.1	33.2	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,255	13,345	15,915	60.0	56.8	62.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,535	8,380	9,160	35.9	35.7	36.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,225	2,305	925	6.6	9.8	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,575	990	585	3.2	4.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,655	1,315	345	3.4	5.6	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,275	5,605	7,665	27.2	23.9	30.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	470	570	2.1	2.0	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,720	4,965	6,750	24.0	21.2	26.7
Bachelor's degree	8,110	3,390	4,725	16.6	14.4	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	355	530	1.8	1.5	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	360	180	180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	2,175	955	1,220	4.5	4.1	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,810	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,785	19,025	19,760	49.2	50.1	48.4
Education	2,460	630	1,835	3.1	1.7	4.5
13. Education	2,460	630	1,835	3.1	1.7	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,300	545	755	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,200	475	725	1.5	1.3	1.8
Humanities	2,160	840	1,320	2.7	2.2	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	265	85	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	535	155	385	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	710	235	470	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	130	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,410	1,395	3,015	5.6	3.7	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	435	215	220	0.6	0.6	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	75	810	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	595	150	440	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	720	140	580	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,630	775	860	2.1	2.0	2.1
Business, management and public administration	8,355	3,260	5,090	10.6	8.6	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635	95	540	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,700	3,165	4,535	9.8	8.3	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,320	695	630	1.7	1.8	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	480	180	305	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	190	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	265	90	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,315	825	485	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	985	675	310	1.2	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	95	0	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	205	135	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,685	7,215	465	9.8	19.0	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	175	125	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,450	1,220	230	1.8	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,900	1,770	130	2.4	4.7	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,525	1,500	25	1.9	3.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,630	1,600	25	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,015	1,000	15	1.3	2.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	680	385	295	0.9	1.0	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	525	305	220	0.7	0.8	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,910	1,340	5,570	8.8	3.5	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	270	255	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,290	1,030	5,265	8.0	2.7	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,425	1,835	1,585	4.3	4.8	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,920	670	1,250	2.4	1.8	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	815	300	1.4	2.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	395	355	40	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	48,795	23,480	25,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,535	10,135	9,400	40.0	43.2	37.1
Education	1,590	370	1,220	3.3	1.6	4.8
13. Education	1,590	370	1,220	3.3	1.6	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	960	385	575	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	885	340	545	1.8	1.4	2.2
Humanities	1,540	575	965	3.2	2.4	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	185	50	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	405	125	275	0.8	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	550	200	350	1.1	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	165	95	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,445	1,025	2,415	7.1	4.4	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	165	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	705	50	660	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	505	120	380	1.0	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	515	110	405	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,240	560	680	2.5	2.4	2.7
Business, management and public administration	6,325	2,375	3,950	13.0	10.1	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	475	65	410	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,835	2,305	3,530	12.0	9.8	13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	920	425	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	110	250	0.7	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	115	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	180	65	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,010	650	360	2.1	2.8	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	540	250	1.6	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	95	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,010	4,645	365	10.3	19.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	115	85	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,055	850	205	2.2	3.6	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,250	1,160	85	2.6	4.9	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	945	940	15	1.9	4.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070	1,055	15	2.2	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	570	560	15	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	520	305	215	1.1	1.3	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	410	245	165	0.8	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	60	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,290	1,135	4,150	10.8	4.8	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	225	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,795	875	3,915	9.8	3.7	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,650	1,455	1,190	5.4	6.2	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,420	500	920	2.9	2.1	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	910	675	240	1.9	2.9	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	275	35	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	48,795	23,480	25,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,535	10,135	9,400	40.0	43.2	37.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,260	13,345	15,915	60.0	56.8	62.9
Location of study inside Canada	22,410	10,300	12,110	45.9	43.9	47.8
Same as province or territory of residence	21,440	9,815	11,625	43.9	41.8	45.9
Different than province or territory of residence	965	485	485	2.0	2.1	1.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,850	3,045	3,805	14.0	13.0	15.0
Americas	1,825	800	1,025	3.7	3.4	4.0
United States of America	1,275	550	725	2.6	2.3	2.9
Mexico	75	35	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	75	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	165	70	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,080	540	540	2.2	2.3	2.1
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	120	60	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	145	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	135	120	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	225	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asia	3,665	1,570	2,090	7.5	6.7	8.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	450	185	265	0.9	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	160	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	945	340	605	1.9	1.4	2.4
Viet Nam	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	1,335	645	690	2.7	2.7	2.7
Pakistan	285	135	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	125	55	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	78,810	37,995	40,815	...	...	...
In the labour force	46,120	23,730	22,390	...	...	...
Employed	35,720	18,630	17,090	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,400	5,095	5,300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,690	14,265	18,425	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.5	54.9	58.5	62.5	54.9
Employment rate	45.3	49.0	41.9	45.3	49.0	41.9
Unemployment rate	22.5	21.5	23.7	22.5	21.5	23.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	78,810	37,995	40,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,970	14,565	18,405	41.8	38.3	45.1
Worked	45,840	23,430	22,410	58.2	61.7	54.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,815	11,205	8,605	25.1	29.5	21.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,025	12,220	13,805	33.0	32.2	33.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.2	38.1	36.3	37.2	38.1	36.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	46,120	23,730	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,515	740	780	3.3	3.1	3.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	44,600	22,990	21,610	96.7	96.9	96.5
Employee	38,610	19,335	19,280	83.7	81.5	86.1
Permanent position	32,870	16,655	16,210	71.3	70.2	72.4
Temporary position	5,745	2,675	3,065	12.5	11.3	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,545	685	860	3.3	2.9	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,200	1,995	2,205	9.1	8.4	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,990	3,650	2,335	13.0	15.4	10.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	46,120	23,730	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,515	740	780	3.3	3.1	3.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	44,600	22,990	21,610	96.7	96.9	96.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	285	100	0.8	1.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,105	1,920	4,185	13.2	8.1	18.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,285	1,885	400	5.0	7.9	1.8
3 Health occupations	3,780	700	3,075	8.2	2.9	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,305	1,525	2,780	9.3	6.4	12.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,055	505	550	2.3	2.1	2.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,465	7,170	9,295	35.7	30.2	41.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,555	6,960	600	16.4	29.3	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	760	530	235	1.6	2.2	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,900	1,510	395	4.1	6.4	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	46,120	23,730	22,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,515	740	780	3.3	3.1	3.5
All industries¹⁹¹	44,600	22,990	21,610	96.7	96.9	96.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	525	315	210	1.1	1.3	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	355	310	50	0.8	1.3	0.2
23 Construction	3,310	2,845	465	7.2	12.0	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,345	2,645	700	7.3	11.1	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,225	835	385	2.7	3.5	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,455	2,370	3,090	11.8	10.0	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,070	1,600	470	4.5	6.7	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	515	305	215	1.1	1.3	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,400	600	805	3.0	2.5	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	375	365	1.6	1.6	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,230	1,180	1,055	4.8	5.0	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,900	1,070	840	4.1	4.5	3.8
61 Educational services	2,680	845	1,830	5.8	3.6	8.2
62 Health care and social assistance	5,590	1,025	4,565	12.1	4.3	20.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,575	1,445	1,135	5.6	6.1	5.1
72 Accommodation and food services	6,650	3,060	3,590	14.4	12.9	16.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,845	945	900	4.0	4.0	4.0
91 Public administration	2,045	1,150	890	4.4	4.8	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,065	25,495	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,050	24,595	23,450	96.0	96.5	95.4
French	135	40	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	240	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	240	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	605	245	365	1.2	1.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	955	460	500	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,065	25,495	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	49,695	25,295	24,395	99.3	99.2	99.3
Official languages	49,305	25,125	24,180	98.5	98.5	98.4
English	49,095	25,065	24,025	98.1	98.3	97.8
French	210	60	150	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	385	170	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	385	170	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	140	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	195	175	0.7	0.8	0.7
English and French	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	260	140	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,065	25,495	24,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,760	24,945	23,810	97.4	97.8	96.9
English	210	60	150	0.4	0.2	0.6
French	450	180	270	0.9	0.7	1.1
Non-official language	535	245	285	1.1	1.0	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	535	245	285	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	35,725	18,635	17,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,150	2,740	3,405	17.2	14.7	19.9
Worked outside Canada	285	195	90	0.8	1.0	0.5
No fixed workplace address	4,755	3,515	1,245	13.3	18.9	7.3
Usual place of work	24,530	12,180	12,350	68.7	65.4	72.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,530	12,180	12,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,565	6,230	7,335	55.3	51.1	59.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,865	4,540	4,325	36.1	37.3	35.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,050	1,375	675	8.4	11.3	5.5
Commute to a different province or territory	55	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,290	15,695	13,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,985	14,800	12,185	92.1	94.3	89.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,510	13,835	10,670	83.7	88.1	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,480	965	1,515	8.5	6.1	11.1
Public transit	605	210	395	2.1	1.3	2.9
Walked	855	335	525	2.9	2.1	3.9
Bicycle	190	120	70	0.6	0.8	0.5
Other method	645	230	415	2.2	1.5	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,290	15,695	13,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	11,985	5,850	6,130	40.9	37.3	45.1
15 to 29 minutes	11,395	6,055	5,345	38.9	38.6	39.3
30 to 44 minutes	3,220	1,900	1,320	11.0	12.1	9.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,010	720	290	3.4	4.6	2.1
60 minutes and over	1,675	1,170	505	5.7	7.5	3.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,290	15,695	13,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,155	1,485	670	7.4	9.5	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,975	3,275	1,700	17.0	20.9	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,335	3,490	2,845	21.6	22.2	20.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,235	2,780	3,450	21.3	17.7	25.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,425	1,820	2,610	15.1	11.6	19.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,160	2,845	2,315	17.6	18.1	17.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	17,260	8,880	8,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,720	855	870	10.0	9.6	10.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,535	8,020	7,510	90.0	90.3	89.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,870	6,610	6,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,330	665	670	10.3	10.1	10.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	425	430	6.6	6.4	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	480	235	240	3.7	3.6	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,535	5,945	5,585	89.6	89.9	89.2

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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