Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Catharines, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	35260446More information: Ontario [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,803	401
Population, 2016¹	133,113	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...
Total private dwellings²	61,977	212
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,903	200
Population density per square kilometre	1,422.1	5,174.2
Land area in square kilometres	96.20	0.08
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,805	400
0 to 14 years	19,350	65
0 to 4 years	6,125	25
5 to 9 years	6,405	25
10 to 14 years	6,815	15
15 to 64 years	85,590	280
15 to 19 years	6,945	15
20 to 24 years	8,510	20
25 to 29 years	9,385	35
30 to 34 years	8,885	55
35 to 39 years	8,185	25
40 to 44 years	7,455	30
45 to 49 years	7,855	20
50 to 54 years	8,365	20
55 to 59 years	10,165	30
60 to 64 years	9,840	30
65 years and over	31,865	60
65 to 69 years	8,920	25
70 to 74 years	8,150	20
75 to 79 years	5,895	10
80 to 84 years	4,165	5
85 years and over	4,735	0
85 to 89 years	2,790	0
90 to 94 years	1,465	0
95 to 99 years	440	0
100 years and over	45	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	16.3
15 to 64 years	62.6	70.0
65 years and over	23.3	15.0
85 years and over	3.5	0.0
Average age of the population	44.3	39.4
Median age of the population	44.8	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,900	200
Single-detached house	32,725	150
Semi-detached house	3,425	0
Row house	5,010	0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,500	25
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,465	20
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,500	0
Other single-attached house	180	0
Movable dwelling⁴	95	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,905	200
1 person	19,010	90
2 persons	20,870	65
3 persons	8,400	25
4 persons	6,780	15
5 or more persons	3,840	10
Number of persons in private households	134,340	405
Average household size	2.3	2.0
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,455	340
Married or living common-law	62,175	150
Married	50,360	105
Living common-law	11,820	45
Living common law - Never married	8,115	40
Living common law - Separated	765	0
Living common law - Divorced	2,535	10
Living common law - Widowed	410	0
Not married and not living common-law	55,280	185
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,845	115
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,370	20
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,570	35
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,490	25
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,015	95
2 persons	21,220	50
3 persons	7,905	25
4 persons	6,250	15
5 or more persons	2,645	5
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,020	100
Total couple families	30,305	75
Married couples	24,420	50
With children⁶	11,785	25
Without children	12,630	25
Common-law couples	5,880	25
With children⁶	2,085	10
Without children	3,795	10
Total one-parent families	7,715	20
in which the parent is a woman+	6,195	20
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	0
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,335	405
Total - Persons in census families	105,320	270
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,610	150
Parents in one-parent families	7,710	20
Children⁶	37,000	100
In a two-parent family	25,155	65
In a one-parent family	11,845	35
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,015	130
Living alone	19,010	85
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305	5
Living with non-relatives only	6,700	40
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,905	200
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,610	90
Couple-family households	27,525	70
With children⁶	12,565	30
Without children	14,960	40
One-parent-family households	6,085	20
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465	5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	300	0
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,635	0
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,880	15
One-person households	19,015	85
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	115,005	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,155	320
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,215	320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,105	285
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,210	240
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,005	300
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,135	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985	110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	115,005	305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,005	290
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,060	290
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,135	260
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,210	200
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,885	265
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,060	40
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,170	6,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,195	100
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,460	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	115,005	305
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,725	75
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	61,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,895	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	27,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,180	26,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5	69.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	115,005	340
Without total income	3,850	15
With total income	111,150	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145	20
$10,000 to $19,999	14,520	35
$20,000 to $29,999	19,465	60
$30,000 to $39,999	17,265	65
$40,000 to $49,999	13,865	50
$50,000 to $59,999	10,405	35
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	15
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	10
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	10
$100,000 and over	8,030	15
$100,000 to $149,999	5,620	15
$150,000 and over	2,410	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	115,005	340
Without after-tax income	3,790	15
With after-tax income	111,210	325
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,575	20
$10,000 to $19,999	15,170	35
$20,000 to $29,999	22,235	80
$30,000 to $39,999	19,845	75
$40,000 to $49,999	15,310	45
$50,000 to $59,999	10,105	25
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	15
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	15
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	10
$100,000 and over	3,885	5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	0
$125,000 and over	1,845	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	115,005	340
Without employment income	38,795	95
With employment income	76,215	240
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,100	30
$5,000 to $9,999	6,935	15
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	35
$20,000 to $29,999	7,665	30
$30,000 to $39,999	7,365	25
$40,000 to $49,999	6,935	25
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	10
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	10
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	10
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	10
$100,000 and over	5,670	10
$100,000 to $124,999	2,875	5
$125,000 and over	2,795	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	115,005	335
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,375	325
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,405	325
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,475	285
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,935	245
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,915	290
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	2,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035	40
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	5,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	115,005	305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,240	290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,275	290
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,680	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,615	250
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,825	200
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,765	260
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,450	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,915	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	115,005	305
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,465	75
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,395	90
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	30,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	31,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	82.0
Employment income (%)	65.2	77.0
Government transfers (%)	16.7	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,905	200
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	62,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	54,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,015	85
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	40,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,895	110
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	75,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	67,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,905	185
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	64,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	56,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,010	100
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	40,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,960	35,500
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,895	85
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800	92,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100	82,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,905	200
Under $5,000	585	5
$5,000 to $9,999	315	0
$10,000 to $14,999	755	0
$15,000 to $19,999	1,490	5
$20,000 to $24,999	2,570	10
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	5
$30,000 to $34,999	2,430	10
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	10
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735	15
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	10
$50,000 to $59,999	5,080	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,405	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780	15
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	5
$100,000 and over	18,910	40
$100,000 to $124,999	6,520	15
$125,000 to $149,999	4,365	10
$150,000 to $199,999	4,520	5
$200,000 and over	3,505	0
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,905	200
Under $5,000	650	5
$5,000 to $9,999	325	0
$10,000 to $14,999	785	0
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550	5
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720	10
$25,000 to $29,999	2,840	10
$30,000 to $34,999	2,895	10
$35,000 to $39,999	2,975	20
$40,000 to $44,999	3,145	5
$45,000 to $49,999	3,040	20
$50,000 to $59,999	5,700	20
$60,000 to $69,999	5,290	30
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800	10
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	15
$90,000 to $99,999	3,475	10
$100,000 and over	14,480	25
$100,000 to $124,999	6,120	15
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555	10
$150,000 and over	4,810	0
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,805	95
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	76,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	67,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330	35
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	75,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	66,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,040	35
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	88,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	82,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,185	20
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	68,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	62,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.5
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,710	125
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,755	75
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	96,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	84,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,335	45
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,900	92,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	78,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,085	0
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	x
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,125	20
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	80,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	70,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,700	120
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	39,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	35,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,335	400
0 to 17 years	23,465	75
0 to 5 years	7,380	35
18 to 64 years	80,920	270
65 years and over	29,950	60
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,700	60
0 to 17 years	3,650	15
0 to 5 years	1,270	5
18 to 64 years	9,410	35
65 years and over	3,635	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	16.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	24.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	20.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	13.0
65 years and over (%)	12.2	24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	134,335	405
0 to 17 years	23,465	75
0 to 5 years	7,380	30
18 to 64 years	80,915	270
65 years and over	29,955	55
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,900	20
0 to 17 years	1,020	0
0 to 5 years	340	0
18 to 64 years	5,355	20
65 years and over	525	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	7.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,335	400
In bottom half of the distribution	76,955	310
In bottom decile	15,270	50
In second decile	16,275	70
In third decile	16,000	70
In fourth decile	14,940	55
In fifth decile	14,465	65
In top half of the distribution	57,380	95
In sixth decile	13,650	25
In seventh decile	12,635	15
In eighth decile	11,455	25
In ninth decile	10,545	20
In top decile	9,105	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,335	405
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	0.263
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	0.414
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	0.234
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	3.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,840	400
English only	124,605	370
French only	90	0
English and French	8,815	30
Neither English nor French	1,330	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,840	400
English	130,785	395
French	2,340	5
English and French	425	0
Neither English nor French	1,285	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,840	400
Single responses	131,185	385
Official languages	109,560	345
English	107,140	345
French	2,420	5
Non-official languages	21,625	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0
Algonquian languages	15	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	5	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,605	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,885	5
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0
Hausa	5	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	0
Bilen	5	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	25	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,845	5
Amharic	30	0
Arabic	1,705	5
Aramaic languages	40	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	15	0
Maltese	20	0
Tigrigna	35	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	0
Vietnamese	350	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,010	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0
Cebuano	35	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	0
Ilocano	70	0
Indonesian	25	0
Kankanaey	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810	0
Waray-Waray	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	50	0
Haitian Creole	25	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	5	0
Morisyen	5	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	385	0
Kannada	10	0
Malayalam	250	0
Tamil	100	0
Telugu	30	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,240	25
Albanian	125	0
Armenian	165	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,605	0
Baltic languages	75	0
Latvian	35	0
Lithuanian	40	0
Slavic languages	3,530	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	60	0
Czech	105	0
Macedonian	40	0
Polish	1,530	0
Russian	515	0
Rusyn	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	490	0
Bosnian	130	0
Croatian	200	0
Serbian	155	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0
Slovak	115	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	110	0
Ukrainian	550	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	2,785	5
Frisian	20	0
High German languages	1,630	0
German	1,610	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,055	5
Afrikaans	35	0
Dutch	915	0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0
Low Saxon	15	0
Plautdietsch	75	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0
Scandinavian languages	80	0
Danish	45	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	5	0
Swedish	25	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	255	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,825	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,410	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	160	0
Gujarati	225	0
Hindi	230	0
Kacchi	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	5	0
Marathi	30	0
Nepali	30	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	0
Urdu	420	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	410	0
Baluchi	5	0
Kurdish	170	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	25	0
Persian languages	215	0
Dari	65	0
Iranian Persian	130	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,470	15
Catalan	0	0
Italian	1,935	0
Portuguese	495	0
Romanian	170	0
Spanish	2,855	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	80	5
Korean	550	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	280	0
Akan (Twi)	25	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	5	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0
Ga	5	0
Ganda	15	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	15	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0
Lingala	10	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0
Shona	50	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0
Swahili	50	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	45	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0
Sign languages	35	0
American Sign Language	30	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,815	0
Chinese languages	1,805	0
Hakka	5	0
Mandarin	1,390	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	0
Lao	175	0
Thai	35	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Turkic languages	175	0
Azerbaijani	15	0
Kazakh	5	0
Turkish	130	0
Uyghur	5	0
Uzbek	15	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	425	0
Estonian	40	0
Finnish	45	0
Hungarian	335	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	3,660	15
English and French	610	0
English and non-official language(s)	2,650	15
French and non-official language(s)	95	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	0
Multiple non-official languages	240	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,840	400
English	112,710	355
French	500	0
Non-official language	5,145	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5,145	10
English and French	1,445	0
English and non-official language(s)	14,185	35
French and non-official language(s)	45	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	530	5
Multiple non-official languages	275	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,840	400
Single responses	131,400	395
Official languages	121,200	370
English	120,470	370
French	730	0
Non-official languages	10,200	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,190	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090	5
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,080	5
Amharic	5	0
Arabic	1,000	5
Aramaic languages	30	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	5	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	25	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	0
Vietnamese	230	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	540	5
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0
Cebuano	5	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	40	0
Indonesian	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	5
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Creole languages	20	0
Haitian Creole	15	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	225	0
Kannada	5	0
Malayalam	150	0
Tamil	60	0
Telugu	10	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,735	10
Albanian	55	0
Armenian	85	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,420	0
Baltic languages	10	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0
Slavic languages	1,405	0
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	25	0
Czech	25	0
Macedonian	15	0
Polish	655	0
Russian	305	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	185	0
Bosnian	50	0
Croatian	60	0
Serbian	70	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	35	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0
Ukrainian	135	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	325	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	215	0
German	215	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	0
Afrikaans	15	0
Dutch	45	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	40	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	90	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,070	0
Indo-Aryan languages	795	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	80	0
Gujarati	120	0
Hindi	105	0
Kacchi	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	10	0
Nepali	25	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0
Urdu	270	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	270	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	110	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	10	0
Persian languages	150	0
Dari	55	0
Iranian Persian	75	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,690	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	510	0
Portuguese	245	0
Romanian	70	0
Spanish	1,855	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	30	0
Korean	440	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	125	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0
Lingala	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	20	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	40	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	55	0
American Sign Language	45	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	0
Chinese languages	1,275	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	1,070	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	0
Lao	110	0
Thai	15	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	90	0
Azerbaijani	10	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	75	0
Uyghur	5	0
Uzbek	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	130	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	5	0
Hungarian	120	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	3,440	10
English and French	240	0
English and non-official language(s)	3,090	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,840	405
None	121,265	375
English	4,495	10
French	1,160	0
Non-official language	6,500	15
Indigenous³⁹	15	0
Non-Indigenous	6,480	15
English and French	75	0
English and non-official language(s)	460	0
French and non-official language(s)	260	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	625	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,335	335
Official languages	132,955	335
English	132,850	335
French	8,905	35
Non-official languages	28,695	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	0
Algonquian languages	20	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0
Cayuga	10	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,660	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	15	0
Hausa	15	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	20	0
Cushitic languages	65	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	50	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	2,640	0
Amharic	45	0
Arabic	2,410	0
Aramaic languages	50	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	90	0
Maltese	45	0
Tigrigna	30	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	0
Vietnamese	460	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,550	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	80	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	200	0
Indonesian	40	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,450	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	210	0
Haitian Creole	135	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	10	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Dravidian languages	510	0
Kannada	20	0
Malayalam	310	0
Tamil	185	0
Telugu	55	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,225	0
Albanian	115	0
Armenian	175	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,365	0
Baltic languages	65	0
Latvian	25	0
Lithuanian	40	0
Slavic languages	4,300	0
Belarusian	15	0
Bulgarian	25	0
Czech	175	0
Macedonian	65	0
Polish	1,765	0
Russian	910	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	650	0
Bosnian	220	0
Croatian	225	0
Serbian	270	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	155	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	0
Ukrainian	875	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	30	0
Irish	15	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Germanic languages	3,885	0
Frisian	25	0
High German languages	2,365	0
German	2,350	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,410	0
Afrikaans	150	0
Dutch	1,205	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	65	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	150	0
Danish	90	0
Icelandic	15	0
Norwegian	20	0
Swedish	25	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	385	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,265	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	215	0
Gujarati	340	0
Hindi	1,060	0
Kacchi	50	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	90	0
Nepali	50	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	30	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	0
Urdu	955	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Iranian languages	470	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	175	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	65	0
Persian languages	310	0
Dari	45	0
Iranian Persian	250	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,150	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	3,010	0
Portuguese	745	0
Romanian	200	0
Spanish	4,600	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	175	0
Korean	615	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	700	0
Akan (Twi)	80	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	30	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	60	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0
Lingala	40	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0
Shona	105	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	160	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	150	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	205	0
American Sign Language	175	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,085	0
Chinese languages	2,080	0
Hakka	10	0
Mandarin	1,770	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	405	0
Lao	310	0
Thai	170	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	325	0
Azerbaijani	50	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	270	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Uralic languages	435	0
Estonian	30	0
Finnish	55	0
Hungarian	350	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	335
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,305	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,155	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,885	0
Métis	1,245	0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	0
Non-Indigenous identity	131,030	300
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	335
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	925	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	133,410	335
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,905	185
Owner	37,945	135
Renter	20,960	50
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,905	185
Condominium	6,310	10
Not condominium	52,590	170
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,905	185
No bedrooms	275	0
1 bedroom	7,990	30
2 bedrooms	14,780	70
3 bedrooms	23,540	70
4 or more bedrooms	12,310	20
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,905	185
1 to 4 rooms	15,300	35
5 rooms	8,820	35
6 rooms	9,365	35
7 rooms	8,225	25
8 or more rooms	17,195	55
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,905	185
One person or fewer per room	58,135	185
More than one person per room	765	0
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,905	185
Suitable	56,445	185
Not suitable	2,460	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,905	185
1960 or before	19,160	160
1961 to 1980	22,675	10
1981 to 1990	6,560	0
1991 to 2000	4,460	10
2001 to 2005	1,825	0
2006 to 2010	1,355	0
2011 to 2015	1,205	0
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,655	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,905	185
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,505	165
Major repairs needed	3,395	15
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,905	185
One-maintainer household	31,635	130
Two-maintainer household	24,855	40
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,410	10
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,905	185
15 to 24 years	1,675	0
25 to 34 years	7,620	35
35 to 44 years	8,395	25
45 to 54 years	9,305	30
55 to 64 years	11,940	50
65 to 74 years	10,760	30
75 to 84 years	6,455	15
85 years and over	2,755	0
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,620	180
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,650	130
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,970	50
30% to less than 100%	12,810	50
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,905	180
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,110	60
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,475	40
Not suitable only	1,755	0
Major repairs needed only	2,200	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	485	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975	0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0
Acceptable housing	40,795	120
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,455	180
In core need	7,025	20
Not in core need	50,435	155
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,920	135
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	74.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	19.2
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	1,070
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,306	1,080
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	581,000	385,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,955	50
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.9	0.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0	40.0
% in core housing need⁶³	25.2	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	870
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168	1,120
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,340	335
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,060	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,035	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770	0
Métis single ancestry	245	0
Inuit single ancestry	20	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,600	45
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,540	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,600	45
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,685	285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,335	335
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,595	330
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,365	35
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,225	295
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,740	0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,335	335
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,880	315
Immigrants⁸¹	26,235	20
Before 1980	10,025	20
1980 to 1990	2,790	0
1991 to 2000	3,540	0
2001 to 2010	4,485	0
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,395	0
2011 to 2015	2,135	0
2016 to 2021	3,265	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,225	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,235	20
Under 5 years	2,915	10
5 to 14 years	5,495	10
15 to 24 years	5,535	0
25 to 44 years	10,170	0
45 years and over	2,120	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,235	20
Americas	5,305	0
Brazil	135	0
Colombia	665	0
El Salvador	355	0
Guyana	115	0
Haiti	110	0
Jamaica	610	0
Mexico	230	0
Peru	75	0
Trinidad and Tobago	325	0
United States of America	1,370	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,315	0
Europe	11,885	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	0
Croatia	105	0
France	90	0
Germany	885	0
Greece	190	0
Hungary	165	0
Italy	1,675	0
Netherlands	1,085	0
Poland	1,200	0
Portugal	155	0
Romania	215	0
Russian Federation	260	0
Serbia⁸⁶	150	0
Ukraine	345	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,925	15
Other places of birth in Europe	1,275	0
Africa	1,945	0
Algeria	30	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	0
Egypt	225	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	45	0
Morocco	50	0
Nigeria	290	0
Somalia	50	0
South Africa, Republic of	235	0
Other places of birth in Africa	940	0
Asia	7,010	0
Afghanistan	30	0
Iran⁸⁸	175	0
Iraq	200	0
Lebanon	145	0
Syria⁸⁹	370	0
Turkey	125	0
China⁹⁰	915	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	0
Korea, South⁹²	405	0
Taiwan	50	0
Philippines	1,460	0
Viet Nam	270	0
Bangladesh	100	0
India	795	0
Pakistan	505	0
Sri Lanka	40	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,260	0
Americas	760	0
Brazil	30	0
Colombia	120	0
Haiti	30	0
Jamaica	115	0
Mexico	40	0
United States of America	150	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	0
Europe	250	0
France	0	0
Germany	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0
Italy	0	0
Russian Federation	45	0
Ukraine	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	0
Other places of birth in Europe	85	0
Africa	415	0
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	0
Cameroon	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0
Egypt	10	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0
Morocco	0	0
Nigeria	190	0
Somalia	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	0
Sudan⁹⁷	50	0
Tunisia	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	0
Asia	1,820	0
Afghanistan	0	0
Bangladesh	35	0
China⁹⁰	405	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
India	245	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	0
Iraq	65	0
Israel	15	0
Japan	10	0
Jordan	25	0
Korea, South⁹²	150	0
Lebanon	15	0
Nepal	15	0
Pakistan	75	0
Philippines	205	0
Saudi Arabia	55	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	240	0
Turkey	40	0
United Arab Emirates	55	0
Viet Nam	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0
Australia	15	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,335	335
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,765	20
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,560	80
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,010	235
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,205	0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,640	0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,895	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,050	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,135	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,205	0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,220	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,725	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	990	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,580	0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,335	335
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,215	10
South Asian	3,325	10
Chinese	2,200	0
Black	5,540	0
Filipino	2,015	0
Arab	1,735	0
Latin American	3,065	0
Southeast Asian	1,280	0
West Asian	395	0
Korean	630	0
Japanese	260	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	445	0
Multiple visible minorities	1,325	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,120	325
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,335	335
Canadian	19,025	55
English	31,030	95
Irish	22,070	105
Scottish	24,775	55
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,345	60
German	16,000	75
Chinese	2,405	0
Italian	12,515	10
Indian (India)	2,110	0
Ukrainian	6,955	30
Dutch	9,120	10
Polish	6,930	10
Québécois	290	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,015	30
Filipino	2,020	0
French Canadian	2,130	45
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,465	0
Métis	1,255	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	0
Russian	2,440	0
Norwegian	705	0
Welsh	2,600	0
Portuguese	940	0
American	1,985	10
Spanish	1,550	0
Swedish	760	0
Hungarian	2,290	0
Acadian	360	0
Pakistani	785	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,240	0
Jewish	535	0
Punjabi	160	0
Vietnamese	665	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935	0
Greek	1,040	0
Jamaican	1,545	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	400	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	0
Korean	635	0
Romanian	705	0
Lebanese	310	0
Iranian	190	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	0
Danish	735	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	720	0
Sikh	55	0
Austrian	765	0
Belgian	375	0
Haitian	160	0
Hindu	155	0
Mexican	460	0
Mennonite	1,350	0
Swiss	505	0
Finnish	505	0
Sri Lankan	55	0
Croatian	785	0
Japanese	330	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330	0
Muslim	280	0
Egyptian	325	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605	0
Tamil	30	0
Icelandic	90	0
Colombian	820	0
Moroccan	45	0
Czech	435	0
Syrian	265	0
Guyanese	230	0
Afghan	120	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	295	0
Serbian	510	0
Ojibway	255	0
Newfoundlander	270	0
Hong Konger	25	0
Ontarian	690	0
Persian	130	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410	0
Turkish	340	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0
Bangladeshi	120	0
Algerian	20	0
Brazilian	345	0
Nigerian	265	0
Armenian	635	0
Slovak	690	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	305	0
Somali	170	0
Taiwanese	75	0
Iraqi	130	0
Salvadorean	480	0
African Caribbean	160	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	185	0
Algonquin	115	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	220	0
Lithuanian	295	0
South African	270	0
Australian	200	0
Palestinian	230	0
Chilean	140	0
Congolese	50	0
Nova Scotian	140	0
Ethiopian	65	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	400	0
Peruvian	100	0
Yoruba	190	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	0
Berber	0	0
Albanian	130	0
Maltese	325	0
Macedonian	195	0
Slovenian	565	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	0
New Brunswicker	90	0
Gujarati	45	0
Eritrean	55	0
African Canadian	75	0
Israeli	40	0
Mohawk	265	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	0
Bulgarian	130	0
Albertan	35	0
Ghanaian	105	0
Barbadian	265	0
African American	260	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	0
Tunisian	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	0
Cuban	185	0
Bosnian	215	0
Venezuelan	160	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0
Latvian	225	0
Bengali	70	0
Cameroonian	0	0
Guatemalan	175	0
Indonesian	90	0
Laotian	325	0
Ilocano	125	0
Northern Irish	150	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	0
British Columbian	10	0
Ecuadorian	55	0
Franco Ontarian	60	0
Argentinian	85	0
Estonian	190	0
Kurdish	155	0
Fijian	0	0
Jatt	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	0
Coptic	80	0
Thai	205	0
Dominican	20	0
Nepali	50	0
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	40	0
Igbo	65	0
Byelorussian	105	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0
Abenaki	0	0
Moldovan	25	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	0
New Zealander	40	0
Sudanese	535	0
Breton	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	0
Malaysian	25	0
Plains Cree	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0
Saskatchewanian	30	0
Buddhist	50	0
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	0
Ivorian	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	0
Burundian	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0
Nicaraguan	60	0
Mauritian	0	0
Kenyan	20	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	35	0
Jordanian	55	0
Manitoban	10	0
Cape Bretoner	70	0
Rwandan	10	0
Grenadian	45	0
Malayali	50	0
Chaldean	20	0
Sinhalese	35	0
Mayan	10	0
Honduran	95	0
Cherokee	25	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0
Flemish	35	0
United Empire Loyalist	125	0
Senegalese	0	0
Azerbaijani	40	0
Sicilian	40	0
Pashtun	0	0
Malay	15	0
Goan	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Zimbabwean	105	0
Burmese	10	0
Mongolian	50	0
Azorean	20	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	55	0
Oromo	15	0
Tanzanian	60	0
Yemeni	65	0
Central African	0	0
Libyan	100	0
Basque	0	0
Uruguayan	25	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0
Igorot	15	0
Fulani	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	25	0
St. Lucian	30	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	0	0
Beninese	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Roma	45	0
Costa Rican	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0
Malagasy	0	0
Kashmiri	20	0
Singaporean	10	0
Karen	0	0
Edo	10	0
Tajik	0	0
Amhara	0	0
Paraguayan	120	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,335	335
Buddhist	865	0
Christian	78,270	225
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,610	30
Anabaptist	1,630	0
Anglican	8,010	10
Baptist	1,605	0
Catholic	34,770	160
Christian Orthodox	1,780	0
Jehovah's Witness	565	0
Latter Day Saints	215	0
Lutheran	1,450	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	515	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,545	0
Presbyterian	2,545	0
Reformed	1,150	0
United Church	5,450	10
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,435	10
Hindu	775	0
Jewish	445	0
Muslim	4,535	0
Sikh	230	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	915	0
No religion and secular perspectives	48,235	110
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,135	330
Non-movers	117,050	315
Movers	16,090	10
Non-migrants	8,940	0
Migrants	7,150	0
Internal migrants	6,445	0
Intraprovincial migrants	6,040	0
Interprovincial migrants	405	0
External migrants	700	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,210	315
Non-movers	79,285	225
Movers	48,925	85
Non-migrants	22,100	45
Migrants	26,825	40
Internal migrants	21,905	40
Intraprovincial migrants	20,290	30
Interprovincial migrants	1,620	0
External migrants	4,925	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	305
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,990	35
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,020	265
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,690	215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,980	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,710	185
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	305
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,880	25
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,115	95
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,010	185
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,590	130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,540	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,575	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,960	10
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,940	95
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,420	55
Bachelor's degree	17,075	55
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	0
Master's degree	5,175	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	930	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,695	220
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,095	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,240	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,360	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,660	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,255	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,825	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,300	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,700	50
Bachelor's degree	12,545	45
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	0
Master's degree	3,905	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,005	300
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,990	120
Education	4,225	10
13. Education	4,225	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,525	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	0
50. Visual and performing arts	2,325	25
Humanities	3,645	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	0
23. English language and literature/letters	825	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	305	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	0
54. History	495	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,675	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,750	20
22. Legal professions and studies	760	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	0
42. Psychology	1,425	0
45. Social sciences	2,555	10
Business, management and public administration	11,475	25
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,245	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,200	25
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,240	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0
40. Physical sciences	670	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,020	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	0
25. Library science	90	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,745	20
04. Architecture and related services	350	0
14. Engineering	1,625	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,840	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,085	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	0
48. Precision production	1,740	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	870	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	0
Health and related fields	10,665	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,140	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,280	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,510	30
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,625	20
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	0
43. Security and protective services	1,320	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,690	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,330	70
Education	2,705	10
13. Education	2,705	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,890	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780	20
Humanities	2,420	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	0
23. English language and literature/letters	515	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	650	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	0
54. History	290	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,780	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	715	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	10
22. Legal professions and studies	585	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	0
42. Psychology	970	0
45. Social sciences	1,915	0
Business, management and public administration	8,435	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,010	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,410	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0
40. Physical sciences	400	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,630	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,305	0
25. Library science	45	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,145	15
04. Architecture and related services	235	0
14. Engineering	1,190	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,975	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,315	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,420	0
48. Precision production	1,015	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	0
Health and related fields	7,630	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	890	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,565	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,690	215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,330	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,360	145
Location of study inside Canada	36,520	145
Same as province or territory of residence	34,960	130
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,845	0
Americas	2,715	0
United States of America	1,710	0
Mexico	95	0
Cuba	45	0
Haiti	15	0
Jamaica	70	0
Brazil	150	0
Colombia	300	0
Peru	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	0
Other locations of study in Americas	235	0
Europe	1,275	0
Belgium	0	0
France	45	0
Germany	45	0
Netherlands	45	0
Switzerland	20	0
Hungary	50	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0
Poland	150	0
Romania	45	0
Russian Federation	85	0
Ukraine	60	0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0
Italy	50	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	0
Africa	510	0
Nigeria	125	0
Algeria	15	0
Morocco	0	0
Tunisia	0	0
Egypt	90	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	0
Asia	2,230	0
Iran⁸⁸	55	0
Iraq	40	0
Israel	15	0
Lebanon	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	45	0
Turkey	75	0
China⁹⁰	280	0
Taiwan	25	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0
Japan	25	0
Korea, South⁹²	165	0
Philippines	540	0
Viet Nam	30	0
Bangladesh	30	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
India	480	0
Pakistan	190	0
Other locations of study in Asia	195	0
Oceania	115	0
Australia	110	0
New Zealand	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	115,005	305
In the labour force	67,120	185
Employed	56,490	170
Unemployed	10,630	20
Not in the labour force	47,885	110
Participation rate	58.4	60.7
Employment rate	49.1	55.7
Unemployment rate	15.8	10.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	115,005	300
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,760	125
Worked	67,245	175
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,485	80
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,760	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,120	190
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,075	185
Employee	56,505	165
Permanent position	48,280	155
Temporary position	8,220	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,525	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,700	0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,570	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,120	190
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,075	185
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,290	35
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,655	10
3 Health occupations	5,780	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,750	20
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,905	0
6 Sales and service occupations	20,410	60
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,900	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,620	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,195	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,120	190
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All industries¹⁹¹	65,075	185
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	0
22 Utilities	425	0
23 Construction	5,020	0
31-33 Manufacturing	5,685	20
41 Wholesale trade	2,240	0
44-45 Retail trade	9,135	20
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,810	15
51 Information and cultural industries	900	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,075	10
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,240	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,095	15
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,495	0
61 Educational services	5,055	10
62 Health care and social assistance	9,185	20
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,425	10
72 Accommodation and food services	5,305	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765	15
91 Public administration	2,615	20
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,330	190
English	69,615	185
French	165	0
Non-official language	220	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	220	0
English and French	915	10
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,330	190
Single responses	71,995	190
Official languages	71,605	190
English	71,290	190
French	320	0
Non-official languages	390	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	30	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	35	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	20	0
Russian	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	0
German	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	15	0
Portuguese	0	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	120	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	10	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0
Chinese languages	110	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	105	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	330	0
English and French	110	0
English and non-official language(s)	220	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,330	190
None	70,300	190
English	320	0
French	660	0
Non-official language	860	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0
Non-Indigenous	850	0
English and French	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	95	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,490	170
Worked at home	11,620	20
Worked outside Canada	240	0
No fixed workplace address	6,735	15
Usual place of work	37,900	125
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,895	125
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,575	70
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,025	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,245	25
Commute to a different province or territory	60	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,635	145
Car, truck or van	40,200	130
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,610	125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,590	0
Public transit	1,360	10
Walked	1,825	0
Bicycle	355	0
Other method	895	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,635	145
Less than 15 minutes	18,475	65
15 to 29 minutes	16,450	50
30 to 44 minutes	5,525	15
45 to 59 minutes	1,660	0
60 minutes and over	2,520	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,635	145
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,300	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,705	10
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,310	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,635	40
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,310	50
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,915	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,860	70
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,325	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,000	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,730	45

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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