Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Catharines, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	35260555More information: Ontario [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,803	498
Population, 2016¹	133,113	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...
Total private dwellings²	61,977	194
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,903	190
Population density per square kilometre	1,422.1	1,943.8
Land area in square kilometres	96.20	0.26
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,805	495
0 to 14 years	19,350	80
0 to 4 years	6,125	20
5 to 9 years	6,405	30
10 to 14 years	6,815	25
15 to 64 years	85,590	300
15 to 19 years	6,945	25
20 to 24 years	8,510	30
25 to 29 years	9,385	20
30 to 34 years	8,885	20
35 to 39 years	8,185	45
40 to 44 years	7,455	20
45 to 49 years	7,855	35
50 to 54 years	8,365	35
55 to 59 years	10,165	50
60 to 64 years	9,840	30
65 years and over	31,865	120
65 to 69 years	8,920	35
70 to 74 years	8,150	30
75 to 79 years	5,895	20
80 to 84 years	4,165	20
85 years and over	4,735	15
85 to 89 years	2,790	10
90 to 94 years	1,465	5
95 to 99 years	440	0
100 years and over	45	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	16.2
15 to 64 years	62.6	60.6
65 years and over	23.3	24.2
85 years and over	3.5	3.0
Average age of the population	44.3	44.6
Median age of the population	44.8	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,900	190
Single-detached house	32,725	185
Semi-detached house	3,425	0
Row house	5,010	0
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,500	5
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,465	0
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,500	0
Other single-attached house	180	0
Movable dwelling⁴	95	0
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,905	190
1 person	19,010	35
2 persons	20,870	65
3 persons	8,400	35
4 persons	6,780	35
5 or more persons	3,840	15
Number of persons in private households	134,340	495
Average household size	2.3	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,455	420
Married or living common-law	62,175	270
Married	50,360	240
Living common-law	11,820	35
Living common law - Never married	8,115	15
Living common law - Separated	765	5
Living common law - Divorced	2,535	10
Living common law - Widowed	410	0
Not married and not living common-law	55,280	150
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,845	105
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,370	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,570	15
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,490	20
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,015	150
2 persons	21,220	70
3 persons	7,905	30
4 persons	6,250	35
5 or more persons	2,645	10
Average size of census families	2.8	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,020	155
Total couple families	30,305	135
Married couples	24,420	115
With children⁶	11,785	60
Without children	12,630	55
Common-law couples	5,880	15
With children⁶	2,085	10
Without children	3,795	5
Total one-parent families	7,715	20
in which the parent is a woman+	6,195	15
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	5
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,335	495
Total - Persons in census families	105,320	440
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,610	265
Parents in one-parent families	7,710	15
Children⁶	37,000	155
In a two-parent family	25,155	130
In a one-parent family	11,845	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,015	55
Living alone	19,010	40
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305	10
Living with non-relatives only	6,700	5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,905	190
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,610	135
Couple-family households	27,525	125
With children⁶	12,565	65
Without children	14,960	55
One-parent-family households	6,085	10
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465	5
Multiple-census-family households⁹	300	0
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,635	10
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,880	0
One-person households	19,015	35
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	115,005	420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,155	410
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,215	410
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,105	380
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,210	295
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,005	370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,135	45
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985	105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	115,005	430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,005	425
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	51,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,060	425
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,135	400
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	46,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,210	325
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,885	365
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,060	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,170	8,500
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,195	90
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,460	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	115,005	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,725	170
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	73,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	76,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,895	90
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	12,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,180	19,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	84.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5	68.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	16.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	3.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	2.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	115,005	415
Without total income	3,850	5
With total income	111,150	410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145	45
$10,000 to $19,999	14,520	35
$20,000 to $29,999	19,465	60
$30,000 to $39,999	17,265	50
$40,000 to $49,999	13,865	55
$50,000 to $59,999	10,405	40
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	35
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	25
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	10
$100,000 and over	8,030	35
$100,000 to $149,999	5,620	30
$150,000 and over	2,410	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	115,005	415
Without after-tax income	3,790	5
With after-tax income	111,210	410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,575	50
$10,000 to $19,999	15,170	35
$20,000 to $29,999	22,235	65
$30,000 to $39,999	19,845	65
$40,000 to $49,999	15,310	60
$50,000 to $59,999	10,105	45
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	30
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	25
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	10
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	10
$100,000 and over	3,885	15
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	10
$125,000 and over	1,845	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	115,005	415
Without employment income	38,795	120
With employment income	76,215	295
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,100	65
$5,000 to $9,999	6,935	30
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	25
$20,000 to $29,999	7,665	35
$30,000 to $39,999	7,365	20
$40,000 to $49,999	6,935	15
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680	25
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	20
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	15
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	15
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	10
$100,000 and over	5,670	25
$100,000 to $124,999	2,875	15
$125,000 and over	2,795	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	115,005	420
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,375	405
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,405	405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,475	380
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,935	300
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,915	360
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	115,005	430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,240	410
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,275	410
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,680	42,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,615	375
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,825	310
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,765	365
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,450	7,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,915	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	115,005	425
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,465	170
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	63,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	72,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,395	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	30,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.0
Employment income (%)	65.2	74.0
Government transfers (%)	16.7	12.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,905	190
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	92,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	82,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,015	35
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	50,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	44,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,895	150
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	107,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	93,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,905	190
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	117,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	100,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,010	20
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	68,000
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,960	60,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,895	165
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800	124,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100	106,000
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,905	190
Under $5,000	585	0
$5,000 to $9,999	315	0
$10,000 to $14,999	755	0
$15,000 to $19,999	1,490	0
$20,000 to $24,999	2,570	0
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	0
$30,000 to $34,999	2,430	0
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	0
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735	5
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,080	15
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,405	20
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780	15
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	10
$100,000 and over	18,910	85
$100,000 to $124,999	6,520	30
$125,000 to $149,999	4,365	25
$150,000 to $199,999	4,520	20
$200,000 and over	3,505	15
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,905	190
Under $5,000	650	0
$5,000 to $9,999	325	0
$10,000 to $14,999	785	0
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550	0
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720	0
$25,000 to $29,999	2,840	0
$30,000 to $34,999	2,895	0
$35,000 to $39,999	2,975	5
$40,000 to $44,999	3,145	10
$45,000 to $49,999	3,040	5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,700	15
$60,000 to $69,999	5,290	20
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800	20
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	20
$90,000 to $99,999	3,475	20
$100,000 and over	14,480	60
$100,000 to $124,999	6,120	25
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555	20
$150,000 and over	4,810	20
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,805	150
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	104,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	91,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330	60
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	79,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	72,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,040	70
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	137,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	114,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,185	15
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	x
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	x
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,710	45
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	50,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	44,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,755	165
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	122,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	104,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,335	75
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,900	84,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	74,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,085	90
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	156,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	132,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,125	0
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,700	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	64,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	56,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,335	495
0 to 17 years	23,465	95
0 to 5 years	7,380	25
18 to 64 years	80,920	280
65 years and over	29,950	120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,700	10
0 to 17 years	3,650	0
0 to 5 years	1,270	0
18 to 64 years	9,410	10
65 years and over	3,635	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	x
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	12.2	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	134,335	495
0 to 17 years	23,465	95
0 to 5 years	7,380	30
18 to 64 years	80,915	280
65 years and over	29,955	120
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,900	5
0 to 17 years	1,020	0
0 to 5 years	340	0
18 to 64 years	5,355	5
65 years and over	525	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	1.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	x
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.8	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,335	495
In bottom half of the distribution	76,955	235
In bottom decile	15,270	15
In second decile	16,275	25
In third decile	16,000	55
In fourth decile	14,940	45
In fifth decile	14,465	105
In top half of the distribution	57,380	265
In sixth decile	13,650	70
In seventh decile	12,635	55
In eighth decile	11,455	60
In ninth decile	10,545	45
In top decile	9,105	35
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,335	495
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	0.225
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	0.334
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	0.207
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	2.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,840	495
English only	124,605	465
French only	90	0
English and French	8,815	25
Neither English nor French	1,330	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,840	495
English	130,785	485
French	2,340	5
English and French	425	0
Neither English nor French	1,285	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,840	495
Single responses	131,185	490
Official languages	109,560	405
English	107,140	395
French	2,420	5
Non-official languages	21,625	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0
Algonquian languages	15	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	5	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,605	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,885	5
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0
Hausa	5	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	35	0
Bilen	5	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	25	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,845	5
Amharic	30	0
Arabic	1,705	5
Aramaic languages	40	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	15	0
Maltese	20	0
Tigrigna	35	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	0
Vietnamese	350	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,010	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0
Cebuano	35	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	0
Ilocano	70	0
Indonesian	25	0
Kankanaey	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810	0
Waray-Waray	5	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	50	0
Haitian Creole	25	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	5	0
Morisyen	5	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	385	0
Kannada	10	0
Malayalam	250	0
Tamil	100	0
Telugu	30	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	14,240	65
Albanian	125	0
Armenian	165	0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,605	10
Baltic languages	75	0
Latvian	35	0
Lithuanian	40	0
Slavic languages	3,530	10
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	60	0
Czech	105	0
Macedonian	40	0
Polish	1,530	10
Russian	515	0
Rusyn	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	490	5
Bosnian	130	0
Croatian	200	5
Serbian	155	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0
Slovak	115	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	110	0
Ukrainian	550	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	2,785	20
Frisian	20	0
High German languages	1,630	20
German	1,610	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,055	5
Afrikaans	35	0
Dutch	915	5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0
Low Saxon	15	0
Plautdietsch	75	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0
Scandinavian languages	80	0
Danish	45	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	5	0
Swedish	25	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	255	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,825	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,410	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	160	0
Gujarati	225	0
Hindi	230	0
Kacchi	15	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	5	0
Marathi	30	0
Nepali	30	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	0
Urdu	420	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	410	0
Baluchi	5	0
Kurdish	170	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	25	0
Persian languages	215	0
Dari	65	0
Iranian Persian	130	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,470	25
Catalan	0	0
Italian	1,935	20
Portuguese	495	0
Romanian	170	0
Spanish	2,855	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	80	0
Korean	550	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	280	0
Akan (Twi)	25	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	5	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0
Ga	5	0
Ganda	15	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	15	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0
Lingala	10	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0
Shona	50	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0
Swahili	50	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	45	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0
Sign languages	35	0
American Sign Language	30	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,815	0
Chinese languages	1,805	0
Hakka	5	0
Mandarin	1,390	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	0
Lao	175	0
Thai	35	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Turkic languages	175	0
Azerbaijani	15	0
Kazakh	5	0
Turkish	130	0
Uyghur	5	0
Uzbek	15	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	425	5
Estonian	40	0
Finnish	45	0
Hungarian	335	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	3,660	10
English and French	610	0
English and non-official language(s)	2,650	10
French and non-official language(s)	95	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	0
Multiple non-official languages	240	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,840	495
English	112,710	430
French	500	0
Non-official language	5,145	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	5,145	20
English and French	1,445	5
English and non-official language(s)	14,185	45
French and non-official language(s)	45	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	530	0
Multiple non-official languages	275	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,840	495
Single responses	131,400	490
Official languages	121,200	455
English	120,470	455
French	730	0
Non-official languages	10,200	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,190	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090	10
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Hausa	0	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	1,080	10
Amharic	5	0
Arabic	1,000	10
Aramaic languages	30	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	5	0
Maltese	5	0
Tigrigna	25	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	0
Vietnamese	230	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	540	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0
Cebuano	5	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	40	0
Indonesian	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Creole languages	20	0
Haitian Creole	15	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	225	0
Kannada	5	0
Malayalam	150	0
Tamil	60	0
Telugu	10	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,735	25
Albanian	55	0
Armenian	85	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,420	5
Baltic languages	10	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0
Slavic languages	1,405	5
Belarusian	0	0
Bulgarian	25	0
Czech	25	0
Macedonian	15	0
Polish	655	5
Russian	305	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	185	0
Bosnian	50	0
Croatian	60	0
Serbian	70	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	35	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0
Ukrainian	135	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Irish	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	325	5
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	215	5
German	215	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	0
Afrikaans	15	0
Dutch	45	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	40	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	90	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,070	0
Indo-Aryan languages	795	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	80	0
Gujarati	120	0
Hindi	105	0
Kacchi	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	10	0
Nepali	25	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0
Urdu	270	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	270	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	110	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	10	0
Persian languages	150	0
Dari	55	0
Iranian Persian	75	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,690	10
Catalan	0	0
Italian	510	10
Portuguese	245	0
Romanian	70	0
Spanish	1,855	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	30	0
Korean	440	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	125	0
Akan (Twi)	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0
Lingala	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	20	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	40	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	15	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	55	0
American Sign Language	45	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	0
Chinese languages	1,275	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	1,070	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	0
Lao	110	0
Thai	15	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	90	0
Azerbaijani	10	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	75	0
Uyghur	5	0
Uzbek	5	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	130	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	5	0
Hungarian	120	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	3,440	10
English and French	240	0
English and non-official language(s)	3,090	10
French and non-official language(s)	25	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,840	495
None	121,265	450
English	4,495	15
French	1,160	5
Non-official language	6,500	30
Indigenous³⁹	15	0
Non-Indigenous	6,480	30
English and French	75	0
English and non-official language(s)	460	0
French and non-official language(s)	260	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	625	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,335	505
Official languages	132,955	505
English	132,850	505
French	8,905	25
Non-official languages	28,695	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	0
Algonquian languages	20	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0
Cayuga	10	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,660	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	15	0
Hausa	15	0
Mina	0	0
Coptic	20	0
Cushitic languages	65	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	50	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	2,640	0
Amharic	45	0
Arabic	2,410	0
Aramaic languages	50	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Harari	0	0
Hebrew	90	0
Maltese	45	0
Tigrigna	30	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	0
Vietnamese	460	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,550	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	80	0
Fijian	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	200	0
Indonesian	40	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0
Malay	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,450	0
Waray-Waray	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0
Creole languages	210	0
Haitian Creole	135	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0
Krio	0	0
Morisyen	10	0
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Dravidian languages	510	0
Kannada	20	0
Malayalam	310	0
Tamil	185	0
Telugu	55	0
Tulu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Georgian	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0
Indo-European languages	19,225	90
Albanian	115	0
Armenian	175	0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,365	15
Baltic languages	65	0
Latvian	25	0
Lithuanian	40	0
Slavic languages	4,300	15
Belarusian	15	0
Bulgarian	25	0
Czech	175	0
Macedonian	65	0
Polish	1,765	0
Russian	910	0
Rusyn	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	650	0
Bosnian	220	0
Croatian	225	0
Serbian	270	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	155	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	0
Ukrainian	875	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	30	0
Irish	15	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Welsh	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Germanic languages	3,885	35
Frisian	25	0
High German languages	2,365	25
German	2,350	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	10	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,410	0
Afrikaans	150	0
Dutch	1,205	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	65	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	150	10
Danish	90	0
Icelandic	15	0
Norwegian	20	10
Swedish	25	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	385	0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,265	0
Assamese	0	0
Bengali	215	0
Gujarati	340	0
Hindi	1,060	0
Kacchi	50	0
Kashmiri	0	0
Konkani	0	0
Marathi	90	0
Nepali	50	0
Oriya languages	0	0
Odia	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	0
Rohingya	0	0
Sindhi	30	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	0
Urdu	955	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Iranian languages	470	0
Baluchi	0	0
Kurdish	175	0
Parsi	0	0
Pashto	65	0
Persian languages	310	0
Dari	45	0
Iranian Persian	250	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,150	35
Catalan	0	0
Italian	3,010	35
Portuguese	745	0
Romanian	200	0
Spanish	4,600	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	175	0
Korean	615	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	700	0
Akan (Twi)	80	0
Bamanankan	0	0
Edo	0	0
Éwé	10	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	30	0
Gikuyu	10	0
Igbo	60	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	0
Lingala	40	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0
Shona	105	0
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0
Swahili	160	0
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	150	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0
Dinka	0	0
Nuer	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0
Sign languages	205	0
American Sign Language	175	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,085	0
Chinese languages	2,080	0
Hakka	10	0
Mandarin	1,770	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	405	0
Lao	310	0
Thai	170	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	325	0
Azerbaijani	50	0
Kazakh	0	0
Turkish	270	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Uralic languages	435	0
Estonian	30	0
Finnish	55	0
Hungarian	350	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	510
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,305	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,155	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,885	0
Métis	1,245	0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	0
Non-Indigenous identity	131,030	510
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	510
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	925	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	133,410	510
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,905	190
Owner	37,945	180
Renter	20,960	0
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,905	190
Condominium	6,310	0
Not condominium	52,590	180
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,905	190
No bedrooms	275	0
1 bedroom	7,990	0
2 bedrooms	14,780	15
3 bedrooms	23,540	120
4 or more bedrooms	12,310	50
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,905	190
1 to 4 rooms	15,300	0
5 rooms	8,820	30
6 rooms	9,365	15
7 rooms	8,225	40
8 or more rooms	17,195	100
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	7.6
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,905	190
One person or fewer per room	58,135	190
More than one person per room	765	0
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,905	190
Suitable	56,445	180
Not suitable	2,460	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,905	190
1960 or before	19,160	50
1961 to 1980	22,675	135
1981 to 1990	6,560	0
1991 to 2000	4,460	0
2001 to 2005	1,825	0
2006 to 2010	1,355	0
2011 to 2015	1,205	0
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,655	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,905	190
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,505	175
Major repairs needed	3,395	10
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,905	190
One-maintainer household	31,635	45
Two-maintainer household	24,855	135
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,410	0
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,905	190
15 to 24 years	1,675	0
25 to 34 years	7,620	0
35 to 44 years	8,395	30
45 to 54 years	9,305	40
55 to 64 years	11,940	35
65 to 74 years	10,760	40
75 to 84 years	6,455	20
85 years and over	2,755	10
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,620	185
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,650	165
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,970	20
30% to less than 100%	12,810	20
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,905	185
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,110	35
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,475	15
Not suitable only	1,755	0
Major repairs needed only	2,200	10
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	485	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975	0
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	0
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	0
Acceptable housing	40,795	160
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,455	185
In core need	7,025	0
Not in core need	50,435	180
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,920	185
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	62.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	0.0
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	0.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	1,430
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,306	1,570
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	695,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	581,000	675,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,955	0
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.9	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.2	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,340	510
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,060	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,035	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770	0
Métis single ancestry	245	0
Inuit single ancestry	20	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,600	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,540	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,600	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,685	505
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,335	505
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,595	495
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,365	90
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,225	405
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,740	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,335	505
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,880	395
Immigrants⁸¹	26,235	110
Before 1980	10,025	65
1980 to 1990	2,790	0
1991 to 2000	3,540	0
2001 to 2010	4,485	30
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,395	0
2011 to 2015	2,135	0
2016 to 2021	3,265	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,225	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,235	110
Under 5 years	2,915	15
5 to 14 years	5,495	30
15 to 24 years	5,535	35
25 to 44 years	10,170	35
45 years and over	2,120	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,235	110
Americas	5,305	15
Brazil	135	0
Colombia	665	0
El Salvador	355	0
Guyana	115	0
Haiti	110	0
Jamaica	610	0
Mexico	230	0
Peru	75	0
Trinidad and Tobago	325	0
United States of America	1,370	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,315	0
Europe	11,885	65
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	0
Croatia	105	0
France	90	0
Germany	885	0
Greece	190	0
Hungary	165	0
Italy	1,675	30
Netherlands	1,085	0
Poland	1,200	0
Portugal	155	0
Romania	215	0
Russian Federation	260	0
Serbia⁸⁶	150	0
Ukraine	345	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,925	20
Other places of birth in Europe	1,275	0
Africa	1,945	0
Algeria	30	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	0
Egypt	225	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	45	0
Morocco	50	0
Nigeria	290	0
Somalia	50	0
South Africa, Republic of	235	0
Other places of birth in Africa	940	0
Asia	7,010	20
Afghanistan	30	0
Iran⁸⁸	175	0
Iraq	200	0
Lebanon	145	0
Syria⁸⁹	370	0
Turkey	125	0
China⁹⁰	915	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	0
Korea, South⁹²	405	0
Taiwan	50	0
Philippines	1,460	0
Viet Nam	270	0
Bangladesh	100	0
India	795	0
Pakistan	505	0
Sri Lanka	40	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	15
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,260	0
Americas	760	0
Brazil	30	0
Colombia	120	0
Haiti	30	0
Jamaica	115	0
Mexico	40	0
United States of America	150	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	0
Europe	250	0
France	0	0
Germany	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0
Italy	0	0
Russian Federation	45	0
Ukraine	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	0
Other places of birth in Europe	85	0
Africa	415	0
Algeria	0	0
Burundi	0	0
Cameroon	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0
Egypt	10	0
Eritrea	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0
Morocco	0	0
Nigeria	190	0
Somalia	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	0
Sudan⁹⁷	50	0
Tunisia	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	0
Asia	1,820	0
Afghanistan	0	0
Bangladesh	35	0
China⁹⁰	405	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0
India	245	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	0
Iraq	65	0
Israel	15	0
Japan	10	0
Jordan	25	0
Korea, South⁹²	150	0
Lebanon	15	0
Nepal	15	0
Pakistan	75	0
Philippines	205	0
Saudi Arabia	55	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	240	0
Turkey	40	0
United Arab Emirates	55	0
Viet Nam	15	0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0
Australia	15	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,335	510
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,765	115
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,560	110
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,010	285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,205	45
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,640	35
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,895	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,050	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,135	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,205	45
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,220	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,725	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	990	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,580	30
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,335	510
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,215	40
South Asian	3,325	0
Chinese	2,200	15
Black	5,540	0
Filipino	2,015	0
Arab	1,735	0
Latin American	3,065	0
Southeast Asian	1,280	0
West Asian	395	0
Korean	630	0
Japanese	260	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	445	0
Multiple visible minorities	1,325	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,120	465
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,335	505
Canadian	19,025	70
English	31,030	120
Irish	22,070	75
Scottish	24,775	80
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,345	60
German	16,000	65
Chinese	2,405	10
Italian	12,515	130
Indian (India)	2,110	0
Ukrainian	6,955	40
Dutch	9,120	40
Polish	6,930	30
Québécois	290	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,015	25
Filipino	2,020	0
French Canadian	2,130	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,465	0
Métis	1,255	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	0
Russian	2,440	10
Norwegian	705	0
Welsh	2,600	0
Portuguese	940	0
American	1,985	0
Spanish	1,550	0
Swedish	760	0
Hungarian	2,290	0
Acadian	360	0
Pakistani	785	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,240	0
Jewish	535	0
Punjabi	160	0
Vietnamese	665	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935	0
Greek	1,040	0
Jamaican	1,545	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	400	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	0
Korean	635	0
Romanian	705	0
Lebanese	310	0
Iranian	190	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	0
Danish	735	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	720	0
Sikh	55	0
Austrian	765	0
Belgian	375	0
Haitian	160	0
Hindu	155	0
Mexican	460	0
Mennonite	1,350	25
Swiss	505	0
Finnish	505	0
Sri Lankan	55	0
Croatian	785	0
Japanese	330	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330	0
Muslim	280	0
Egyptian	325	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605	0
Tamil	30	0
Icelandic	90	0
Colombian	820	0
Moroccan	45	0
Czech	435	0
Syrian	265	0
Guyanese	230	0
Afghan	120	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	295	0
Serbian	510	0
Ojibway	255	0
Newfoundlander	270	0
Hong Konger	25	0
Ontarian	690	0
Persian	130	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410	0
Turkish	340	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0
Bangladeshi	120	0
Algerian	20	0
Brazilian	345	0
Nigerian	265	0
Armenian	635	0
Slovak	690	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	305	0
Somali	170	0
Taiwanese	75	0
Iraqi	130	0
Salvadorean	480	0
African Caribbean	160	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	185	0
Algonquin	115	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	220	0
Lithuanian	295	0
South African	270	0
Australian	200	0
Palestinian	230	0
Chilean	140	0
Congolese	50	0
Nova Scotian	140	0
Ethiopian	65	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	400	0
Peruvian	100	0
Yoruba	190	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	0
Berber	0	0
Albanian	130	0
Maltese	325	0
Macedonian	195	0
Slovenian	565	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	0
New Brunswicker	90	0
Gujarati	45	0
Eritrean	55	0
African Canadian	75	0
Israeli	40	0
Mohawk	265	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	0
Bulgarian	130	0
Albertan	35	0
Ghanaian	105	0
Barbadian	265	0
African American	260	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	0
Tunisian	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	0
Cuban	185	0
Bosnian	215	0
Venezuelan	160	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0
Latvian	225	0
Bengali	70	0
Cameroonian	0	0
Guatemalan	175	0
Indonesian	90	0
Laotian	325	0
Ilocano	125	0
Northern Irish	150	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	0
British Columbian	10	0
Ecuadorian	55	0
Franco Ontarian	60	0
Argentinian	85	0
Estonian	190	0
Kurdish	155	0
Fijian	0	0
Jatt	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	0
Coptic	80	0
Thai	205	0
Dominican	20	0
Nepali	50	0
Kabyle	0	0
Assyrian	40	0
Igbo	65	0
Byelorussian	105	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	0
Abenaki	0	0
Moldovan	25	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	0
New Zealander	40	0
Sudanese	535	0
Breton	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	0
Malaysian	25	0
Plains Cree	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0
Saskatchewanian	30	0
Buddhist	50	0
Gaspesian	0	0
Norman	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	0
Ivorian	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	0
Burundian	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0
Nicaraguan	60	0
Mauritian	0	0
Kenyan	20	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Vincentian	35	0
Jordanian	55	0
Manitoban	10	0
Cape Bretoner	70	0
Rwandan	10	0
Grenadian	45	0
Malayali	50	0
Chaldean	20	0
Sinhalese	35	0
Mayan	10	0
Honduran	95	0
Cherokee	25	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0
Flemish	35	0
United Empire Loyalist	125	0
Senegalese	0	0
Azerbaijani	40	0
Sicilian	40	0
Pashtun	0	0
Malay	15	0
Goan	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Zimbabwean	105	0
Burmese	10	0
Mongolian	50	0
Azorean	20	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0
Ugandan	55	0
Oromo	15	0
Tanzanian	60	0
Yemeni	65	0
Central African	0	0
Libyan	100	0
Basque	0	0
Uruguayan	25	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0
Igorot	15	0
Fulani	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0
Guinean	25	0
St. Lucian	30	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0
Maliseet	0	0
Beninese	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Roma	45	0
Costa Rican	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0
Malagasy	0	0
Kashmiri	20	0
Singaporean	10	0
Karen	0	0
Edo	10	0
Tajik	0	0
Amhara	0	0
Paraguayan	120	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,335	510
Buddhist	865	0
Christian	78,270	350
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,610	70
Anabaptist	1,630	30
Anglican	8,010	25
Baptist	1,605	0
Catholic	34,770	160
Christian Orthodox	1,780	0
Jehovah's Witness	565	0
Latter Day Saints	215	0
Lutheran	1,450	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	515	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,545	0
Presbyterian	2,545	0
Reformed	1,150	0
United Church	5,450	20
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,435	25
Hindu	775	0
Jewish	445	0
Muslim	4,535	0
Sikh	230	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	915	0
No religion and secular perspectives	48,235	155
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,135	505
Non-movers	117,050	480
Movers	16,090	30
Non-migrants	8,940	0
Migrants	7,150	15
Internal migrants	6,445	15
Intraprovincial migrants	6,040	15
Interprovincial migrants	405	0
External migrants	700	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,210	490
Non-movers	79,285	375
Movers	48,925	115
Non-migrants	22,100	85
Migrants	26,825	25
Internal migrants	21,905	20
Intraprovincial migrants	20,290	20
Interprovincial migrants	1,620	0
External migrants	4,925	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,990	65
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,020	365
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,690	250
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,980	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,710	250
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	430
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,880	50
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,115	105
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,010	265
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,590	150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,540	50
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,575	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,960	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,940	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,420	115
Bachelor's degree	17,075	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	0
Master's degree	5,175	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	930	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,695	245
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,095	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,240	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,360	195
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,660	95
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	15
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,255	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,825	80
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,300	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,700	95
Bachelor's degree	12,545	50
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	0
Master's degree	3,905	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,005	430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,990	165
Education	4,225	20
13. Education	4,225	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,525	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	0
50. Visual and performing arts	2,325	35
Humanities	3,645	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	0
23. English language and literature/letters	825	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	305	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	0
54. History	495	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,675	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,750	15
22. Legal professions and studies	760	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	0
42. Psychology	1,425	0
45. Social sciences	2,555	0
Business, management and public administration	11,475	40
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,245	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,200	40
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,240	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0
40. Physical sciences	670	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,020	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	0
25. Library science	90	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,745	80
04. Architecture and related services	350	0
14. Engineering	1,625	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,840	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,085	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	20
48. Precision production	1,740	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	870	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	0
Health and related fields	10,665	35
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,140	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,280	30
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,510	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,625	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	0
43. Security and protective services	1,320	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,690	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,330	55
Education	2,705	10
13. Education	2,705	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,890	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780	35
Humanities	2,420	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	0
23. English language and literature/letters	515	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	650	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	0
54. History	290	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,780	30
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	715	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	15
22. Legal professions and studies	585	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	0
42. Psychology	970	0
45. Social sciences	1,915	0
Business, management and public administration	8,435	30
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,010	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,410	30
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490	10
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0
40. Physical sciences	400	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,630	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,305	0
25. Library science	45	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,145	40
04. Architecture and related services	235	0
14. Engineering	1,190	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,975	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,315	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,420	15
48. Precision production	1,015	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	0
Health and related fields	7,630	30
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	890	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,565	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,690	250
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,330	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,360	195
Location of study inside Canada	36,520	170
Same as province or territory of residence	34,960	160
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,845	30
Americas	2,715	0
United States of America	1,710	0
Mexico	95	0
Cuba	45	0
Haiti	15	0
Jamaica	70	0
Brazil	150	0
Colombia	300	0
Peru	20	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	0
Other locations of study in Americas	235	0
Europe	1,275	0
Belgium	0	0
France	45	0
Germany	45	0
Netherlands	45	0
Switzerland	20	0
Hungary	50	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0
Poland	150	0
Romania	45	0
Russian Federation	85	0
Ukraine	60	0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0
Italy	50	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	0
Africa	510	0
Nigeria	125	0
Algeria	15	0
Morocco	0	0
Tunisia	0	0
Egypt	90	0
South Africa, Republic of	70	0
Other locations of study in Africa	205	0
Asia	2,230	0
Iran⁸⁸	55	0
Iraq	40	0
Israel	15	0
Lebanon	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	45	0
Turkey	75	0
China⁹⁰	280	0
Taiwan	25	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0
Japan	25	0
Korea, South⁹²	165	0
Philippines	540	0
Viet Nam	30	0
Bangladesh	30	0
Sri Lanka	0	0
India	480	0
Pakistan	190	0
Other locations of study in Asia	195	0
Oceania	115	0
Australia	110	0
New Zealand	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	115,005	430
In the labour force	67,120	265
Employed	56,490	260
Unemployed	10,630	10
Not in the labour force	47,885	155
Participation rate	58.4	61.6
Employment rate	49.1	60.5
Unemployment rate	15.8	3.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	115,005	430
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,760	155
Worked	67,245	270
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,485	180
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,760	95
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	42.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,120	270
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,075	270
Employee	56,505	230
Permanent position	48,280	180
Temporary position	8,220	50
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,525	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,700	45
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,570	40
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,120	270
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,075	270
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,290	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,655	15
3 Health occupations	5,780	30
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,750	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,905	15
6 Sales and service occupations	20,410	45
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,900	65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,620	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,195	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,120	270
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	0
All industries¹⁹¹	65,075	270
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	0
22 Utilities	425	0
23 Construction	5,020	30
31-33 Manufacturing	5,685	30
41 Wholesale trade	2,240	10
44-45 Retail trade	9,135	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,810	20
51 Information and cultural industries	900	0
52 Finance and insurance	2,075	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,240	10
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,095	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,495	10
61 Educational services	5,055	45
62 Health care and social assistance	9,185	30
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,425	0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,305	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765	0
91 Public administration	2,615	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,330	290
English	69,615	285
French	165	0
Non-official language	220	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0
Non-Indigenous	220	0
English and French	915	0
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,330	290
Single responses	71,995	290
Official languages	71,605	290
English	71,290	285
French	320	0
Non-official languages	390	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0
Amharic	0	0
Arabic	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0
Vietnamese	30	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	0
Indonesian	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	0
Tamil	0	0
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	0
Albanian	0	0
Armenian	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	0
Baltic languages	0	0
Latvian	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	35	0
Bulgarian	0	0
Czech	0	0
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	20	0
Russian	15	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0
Bosnian	0	0
Croatian	0	0
Serbian	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	0
German	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	0
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	0
Swedish	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0
Bengali	0	0
Gujarati	0	0
Hindi	0	0
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0
Kurdish	0	0
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	0
Dari	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	0
Catalan	0	0
Italian	15	0
Portuguese	0	0
Romanian	0	0
Spanish	120	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	0
Korean	10	0
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	0
Chinese languages	110	0
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	105	0
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0
Burmese	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	0
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	0
Hungarian	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	330	0
English and French	110	0
English and non-official language(s)	220	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,330	290
None	70,300	285
English	320	0
French	660	0
Non-official language	860	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0
Non-Indigenous	850	0
English and French	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	95	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,490	260
Worked at home	11,620	80
Worked outside Canada	240	0
No fixed workplace address	6,735	20
Usual place of work	37,900	160
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,895	160
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,575	100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,025	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,245	25
Commute to a different province or territory	60	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,635	180
Car, truck or van	40,200	170
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,610	165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,590	0
Public transit	1,360	0
Walked	1,825	0
Bicycle	355	0
Other method	895	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,635	180
Less than 15 minutes	18,475	60
15 to 29 minutes	16,450	65
30 to 44 minutes	5,525	20
45 to 59 minutes	1,660	10
60 minutes and over	2,520	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,635	180
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,300	30
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,705	25
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,310	35
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,635	35
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370	30
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,310	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,915	95
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,860	90
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,325	70
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,000	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,730	65

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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