Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Catharines, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,803
Population, 2016¹	133,113
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8
Total private dwellings²	61,977
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,903
Population density per square kilometre	1,422.1
Land area in square kilometres	96.20
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,805
0 to 14 years	19,350
0 to 4 years	6,125
5 to 9 years	6,405
10 to 14 years	6,815
15 to 64 years	85,590
15 to 19 years	6,945
20 to 24 years	8,510
25 to 29 years	9,385
30 to 34 years	8,885
35 to 39 years	8,185
40 to 44 years	7,455
45 to 49 years	7,855
50 to 54 years	8,365
55 to 59 years	10,165
60 to 64 years	9,840
65 years and over	31,865
65 to 69 years	8,920
70 to 74 years	8,150
75 to 79 years	5,895
80 to 84 years	4,165
85 years and over	4,735
85 to 89 years	2,790
90 to 94 years	1,465
95 to 99 years	440
100 years and over	45
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1
15 to 64 years	62.6
65 years and over	23.3
85 years and over	3.5
Average age of the population	44.3
Median age of the population	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,900
Single-detached house	32,725
Semi-detached house	3,425
Row house	5,010
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,500
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,465
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,500
Other single-attached house	180
Movable dwelling⁴	95
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,905
1 person	19,010
2 persons	20,870
3 persons	8,400
4 persons	6,780
5 or more persons	3,840
Number of persons in private households	134,340
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,455
Married or living common-law	62,175
Married	50,360
Living common-law	11,820
Living common law - Never married	8,115
Living common law - Separated	765
Living common law - Divorced	2,535
Living common law - Widowed	410
Not married and not living common-law	55,280
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,845
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,370
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,570
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,490
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,015
2 persons	21,220
3 persons	7,905
4 persons	6,250
5 or more persons	2,645
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,020
Total couple families	30,305
Married couples	24,420
With children⁶	11,785
Without children	12,630
Common-law couples	5,880
With children⁶	2,085
Without children	3,795
Total one-parent families	7,715
in which the parent is a woman+	6,195
in which the parent is a man+	1,515
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,335
Total - Persons in census families	105,320
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,610
Parents in one-parent families	7,710
Children⁶	37,000
In a two-parent family	25,155
In a one-parent family	11,845
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,015
Living alone	19,010
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305
Living with non-relatives only	6,700
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,905
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,610
Couple-family households	27,525
With children⁶	12,565
Without children	14,960
One-parent-family households	6,085
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465
Multiple-census-family households⁹	300
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,635
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,880
One-person households	19,015
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	115,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,155
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,215
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,105
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,210
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,005
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,135
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	115,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,005
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,060
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,135
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,210
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,885
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,060
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,170
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,195
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	115,005
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,725
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,895
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	115,005
Without total income	3,850
With total income	111,150
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145
$10,000 to $19,999	14,520
$20,000 to $29,999	19,465
$30,000 to $39,999	17,265
$40,000 to $49,999	13,865
$50,000 to $59,999	10,405
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995
$100,000 and over	8,030
$100,000 to $149,999	5,620
$150,000 and over	2,410
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	115,005
Without after-tax income	3,790
With after-tax income	111,210
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,575
$10,000 to $19,999	15,170
$20,000 to $29,999	22,235
$30,000 to $39,999	19,845
$40,000 to $49,999	15,310
$50,000 to $59,999	10,105
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715
$100,000 and over	3,885
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040
$125,000 and over	1,845
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	115,005
Without employment income	38,795
With employment income	76,215
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,100
$5,000 to $9,999	6,935
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445
$20,000 to $29,999	7,665
$30,000 to $39,999	7,365
$40,000 to $49,999	6,935
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365
$100,000 and over	5,670
$100,000 to $124,999	2,875
$125,000 and over	2,795
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	115,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,375
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,475
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,935
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,915
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	115,005
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,240
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,275
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,615
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,825
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,765
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	115,005
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,465
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,395
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4
Employment income (%)	65.2
Government transfers (%)	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,905
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,015
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,895
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,905
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,010
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,895
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,905
Under $5,000	585
$5,000 to $9,999	315
$10,000 to $14,999	755
$15,000 to $19,999	1,490
$20,000 to $24,999	2,570
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495
$30,000 to $34,999	2,430
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725
$50,000 to $59,999	5,080
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630
$70,000 to $79,999	4,405
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435
$100,000 and over	18,910
$100,000 to $124,999	6,520
$125,000 to $149,999	4,365
$150,000 to $199,999	4,520
$200,000 and over	3,505
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,905
Under $5,000	650
$5,000 to $9,999	325
$10,000 to $14,999	785
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720
$25,000 to $29,999	2,840
$30,000 to $34,999	2,895
$35,000 to $39,999	2,975
$40,000 to $44,999	3,145
$45,000 to $49,999	3,040
$50,000 to $59,999	5,700
$60,000 to $69,999	5,290
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230
$90,000 to $99,999	3,475
$100,000 and over	14,480
$100,000 to $124,999	6,120
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555
$150,000 and over	4,810
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,805
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,040
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,185
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,710
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,755
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,335
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,085
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,125
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,700
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,335
0 to 17 years	23,465
0 to 5 years	7,380
18 to 64 years	80,920
65 years and over	29,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,700
0 to 17 years	3,650
0 to 5 years	1,270
18 to 64 years	9,410
65 years and over	3,635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6
65 years and over (%)	12.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	134,335
0 to 17 years	23,465
0 to 5 years	7,380
18 to 64 years	80,915
65 years and over	29,955
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,900
0 to 17 years	1,020
0 to 5 years	340
18 to 64 years	5,355
65 years and over	525
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,335
In bottom half of the distribution	76,955
In bottom decile	15,270
In second decile	16,275
In third decile	16,000
In fourth decile	14,940
In fifth decile	14,465
In top half of the distribution	57,380
In sixth decile	13,650
In seventh decile	12,635
In eighth decile	11,455
In ninth decile	10,545
In top decile	9,105
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,335
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,840
English only	124,605
French only	90
English and French	8,815
Neither English nor French	1,330
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,840
English	130,785
French	2,340
English and French	425
Neither English nor French	1,285
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,840
Single responses	131,185
Official languages	109,560
English	107,140
French	2,420
Non-official languages	21,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	5
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,605
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,885
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	35
Bilen	5
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,845
Amharic	30
Arabic	1,705
Aramaic languages	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450
Khmer (Cambodian)	105
Vietnamese	350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,010
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	35
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	70
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	50
Haitian Creole	25
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	5
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	385
Kannada	10
Malayalam	250
Tamil	100
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	14,240
Albanian	125
Armenian	165
Balto-Slavic languages	3,605
Baltic languages	75
Latvian	35
Lithuanian	40
Slavic languages	3,530
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	60
Czech	105
Macedonian	40
Polish	1,530
Russian	515
Rusyn	5
Serbo-Croatian	490
Bosnian	130
Croatian	200
Serbian	155
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	110
Ukrainian	550
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,785
Frisian	20
High German languages	1,630
German	1,610
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,055
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	915
Low German, n.o.s.	5
Low Saxon	15
Plautdietsch	75
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	80
Danish	45
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	255
Indo-Iranian languages	1,825
Indo-Aryan languages	1,410
Assamese	0
Bengali	160
Gujarati	225
Hindi	230
Kacchi	15
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	30
Nepali	30
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	420
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	410
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	170
Parsi	0
Pashto	25
Persian languages	215
Dari	65
Iranian Persian	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,470
Catalan	0
Italian	1,935
Portuguese	495
Romanian	170
Spanish	2,855
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	80
Korean	550
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	280
Akan (Twi)	25
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10
Ga	5
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	50
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,815
Chinese languages	1,805
Hakka	5
Mandarin	1,390
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	335
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	210
Lao	175
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5
Turkic languages	175
Azerbaijani	15
Kazakh	5
Turkish	130
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	425
Estonian	40
Finnish	45
Hungarian	335
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,660
English and French	610
English and non-official language(s)	2,650
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	70
Multiple non-official languages	240
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,840
English	112,710
French	500
Non-official language	5,145
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,145
English and French	1,445
English and non-official language(s)	14,185
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	530
Multiple non-official languages	275
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,840
Single responses	131,400
Official languages	121,200
English	120,470
French	730
Non-official languages	10,200
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,190
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,080
Amharic	5
Arabic	1,000
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300
Khmer (Cambodian)	65
Vietnamese	230
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	540
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	20
Haitian Creole	15
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	225
Kannada	5
Malayalam	150
Tamil	60
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,735
Albanian	55
Armenian	85
Balto-Slavic languages	1,420
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	1,405
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	25
Macedonian	15
Polish	655
Russian	305
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	185
Bosnian	50
Croatian	60
Serbian	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	325
Frisian	0
High German languages	215
German	215
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	90
Indo-Iranian languages	1,070
Indo-Aryan languages	795
Assamese	0
Bengali	80
Gujarati	120
Hindi	105
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	10
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	270
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	270
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	110
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	150
Dari	55
Iranian Persian	75
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,690
Catalan	0
Italian	510
Portuguese	245
Romanian	70
Spanish	1,855
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	440
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	125
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	40
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	55
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280
Chinese languages	1,275
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,070
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	160
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	125
Lao	110
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	90
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	75
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	130
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	120
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,440
English and French	240
English and non-official language(s)	3,090
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	50
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,840
None	121,265
English	4,495
French	1,160
Non-official language	6,500
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	6,480
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	460
French and non-official language(s)	260
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	625
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,335
Official languages	132,955
English	132,850
French	8,905
Non-official languages	28,695
Indigenous languages³⁹	40
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	10
Cayuga	10
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,660
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	20
Cushitic languages	65
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	2,640
Amharic	45
Arabic	2,410
Aramaic languages	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	90
Maltese	45
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585
Khmer (Cambodian)	125
Vietnamese	460
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,550
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	80
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	200
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,450
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	210
Haitian Creole	135
Jamaican English Creole	15
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	510
Kannada	20
Malayalam	310
Tamil	185
Telugu	55
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	19,225
Albanian	115
Armenian	175
Balto-Slavic languages	4,365
Baltic languages	65
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	40
Slavic languages	4,300
Belarusian	15
Bulgarian	25
Czech	175
Macedonian	65
Polish	1,765
Russian	910
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	650
Bosnian	220
Croatian	225
Serbian	270
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	155
Slovene (Slovenian)	145
Ukrainian	875
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	30
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10
Germanic languages	3,885
Frisian	25
High German languages	2,365
German	2,350
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,410
Afrikaans	150
Dutch	1,205
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	65
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	150
Danish	90
Icelandic	15
Norwegian	20
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	385
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685
Indo-Aryan languages	2,265
Assamese	0
Bengali	215
Gujarati	340
Hindi	1,060
Kacchi	50
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	90
Nepali	50
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50
Urdu	955
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	470
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	175
Parsi	0
Pashto	65
Persian languages	310
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	250
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,150
Catalan	0
Italian	3,010
Portuguese	745
Romanian	200
Spanish	4,600
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	175
Korean	615
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	700
Akan (Twi)	80
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35
Ga	0
Ganda	30
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	40
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	105
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	160
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	205
American Sign Language	175
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,085
Chinese languages	2,080
Hakka	10
Mandarin	1,770
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	15
Yue (Cantonese)	420
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	405
Lao	310
Thai	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	325
Azerbaijani	50
Kazakh	0
Turkish	270
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	435
Estonian	30
Finnish	55
Hungarian	350
Other languages, n.i.e.	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,305
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,155
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,885
Métis	1,245
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105
Non-Indigenous identity	131,030
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	925
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	133,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,905
Owner	37,945
Renter	20,960
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,905
Condominium	6,310
Not condominium	52,590
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,905
No bedrooms	275
1 bedroom	7,990
2 bedrooms	14,780
3 bedrooms	23,540
4 or more bedrooms	12,310
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,905
1 to 4 rooms	15,300
5 rooms	8,820
6 rooms	9,365
7 rooms	8,225
8 or more rooms	17,195
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,905
One person or fewer per room	58,135
More than one person per room	765
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,905
Suitable	56,445
Not suitable	2,460
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,905
1960 or before	19,160
1961 to 1980	22,675
1981 to 1990	6,560
1991 to 2000	4,460
2001 to 2005	1,825
2006 to 2010	1,355
2011 to 2015	1,205
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,655
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,905
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,505
Major repairs needed	3,395
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,905
One-maintainer household	31,635
Two-maintainer household	24,855
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,410
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,905
15 to 24 years	1,675
25 to 34 years	7,620
35 to 44 years	8,395
45 to 54 years	9,305
55 to 64 years	11,940
65 to 74 years	10,760
75 to 84 years	6,455
85 years and over	2,755
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,620
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,650
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,970
30% to less than 100%	12,810
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,905
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,110
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,475
Not suitable only	1,755
Major repairs needed only	2,200
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	485
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	40,795
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,455
In core need	7,025
Not in core need	50,435
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,920
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,306
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	581,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,955
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.9
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0
% in core housing need⁶³	25.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,340
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,060
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,035
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770
Métis single ancestry	245
Inuit single ancestry	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,600
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,540
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,600
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,685
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,335
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,595
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,225
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,740
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,335
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,880
Immigrants⁸¹	26,235
Before 1980	10,025
1980 to 1990	2,790
1991 to 2000	3,540
2001 to 2010	4,485
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,395
2011 to 2015	2,135
2016 to 2021	3,265
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,225
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,235
Under 5 years	2,915
5 to 14 years	5,495
15 to 24 years	5,535
25 to 44 years	10,170
45 years and over	2,120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,235
Americas	5,305
Brazil	135
Colombia	665
El Salvador	355
Guyana	115
Haiti	110
Jamaica	610
Mexico	230
Peru	75
Trinidad and Tobago	325
United States of America	1,370
Other places of birth in Americas	1,315
Europe	11,885
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175
Croatia	105
France	90
Germany	885
Greece	190
Hungary	165
Italy	1,675
Netherlands	1,085
Poland	1,200
Portugal	155
Romania	215
Russian Federation	260
Serbia⁸⁶	150
Ukraine	345
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,925
Other places of birth in Europe	1,275
Africa	1,945
Algeria	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80
Egypt	225
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	45
Morocco	50
Nigeria	290
Somalia	50
South Africa, Republic of	235
Other places of birth in Africa	940
Asia	7,010
Afghanistan	30
Iran⁸⁸	175
Iraq	200
Lebanon	145
Syria⁸⁹	370
Turkey	125
China⁹⁰	915
Hong Kong⁹¹	110
Korea, South⁹²	405
Taiwan	50
Philippines	1,460
Viet Nam	270
Bangladesh	100
India	795
Pakistan	505
Sri Lanka	40
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,260
Americas	760
Brazil	30
Colombia	120
Haiti	30
Jamaica	115
Mexico	40
United States of America	150
Venezuela⁹⁵	95
Other places of birth in Americas	185
Europe	250
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65
Other places of birth in Europe	85
Africa	415
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	190
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	35
Sudan⁹⁷	50
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95
Asia	1,820
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	35
China⁹⁰	405
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	245
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	65
Israel	15
Japan	10
Jordan	25
Korea, South⁹²	150
Lebanon	15
Nepal	15
Pakistan	75
Philippines	205
Saudi Arabia	55
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	240
Turkey	40
United Arab Emirates	55
Viet Nam	15
Other places of birth in Asia	125
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,335
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,765
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,010
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,205
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,640
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,895
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,050
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,135
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,205
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,220
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,725
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	990
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,580
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,335
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,215
South Asian	3,325
Chinese	2,200
Black	5,540
Filipino	2,015
Arab	1,735
Latin American	3,065
Southeast Asian	1,280
West Asian	395
Korean	630
Japanese	260
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	445
Multiple visible minorities	1,325
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,120
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,335
Canadian	19,025
English	31,030
Irish	22,070
Scottish	24,775
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,345
German	16,000
Chinese	2,405
Italian	12,515
Indian (India)	2,110
Ukrainian	6,955
Dutch	9,120
Polish	6,930
Québécois	290
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,015
Filipino	2,020
French Canadian	2,130
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,465
Métis	1,255
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795
Russian	2,440
Norwegian	705
Welsh	2,600
Portuguese	940
American	1,985
Spanish	1,550
Swedish	760
Hungarian	2,290
Acadian	360
Pakistani	785
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,240
Jewish	535
Punjabi	160
Vietnamese	665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935
Greek	1,040
Jamaican	1,545
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	400
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125
Korean	635
Romanian	705
Lebanese	310
Iranian	190
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605
Danish	735
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	720
Sikh	55
Austrian	765
Belgian	375
Haitian	160
Hindu	155
Mexican	460
Mennonite	1,350
Swiss	505
Finnish	505
Sri Lankan	55
Croatian	785
Japanese	330
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330
Muslim	280
Egyptian	325
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605
Tamil	30
Icelandic	90
Colombian	820
Moroccan	45
Czech	435
Syrian	265
Guyanese	230
Afghan	120
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	295
Serbian	510
Ojibway	255
Newfoundlander	270
Hong Konger	25
Ontarian	690
Persian	130
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410
Turkish	340
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25
Bangladeshi	120
Algerian	20
Brazilian	345
Nigerian	265
Armenian	635
Slovak	690
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	305
Somali	170
Taiwanese	75
Iraqi	130
Salvadorean	480
African Caribbean	160
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	185
Algonquin	115
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	220
Lithuanian	295
South African	270
Australian	200
Palestinian	230
Chilean	140
Congolese	50
Nova Scotian	140
Ethiopian	65
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	400
Peruvian	100
Yoruba	190
Cambodian (Khmer)	185
Berber	0
Albanian	130
Maltese	325
Macedonian	195
Slovenian	565
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95
New Brunswicker	90
Gujarati	45
Eritrean	55
African Canadian	75
Israeli	40
Mohawk	265
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225
Bulgarian	130
Albertan	35
Ghanaian	105
Barbadian	265
African American	260
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165
Cuban	185
Bosnian	215
Venezuelan	160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15
Latvian	225
Bengali	70
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	175
Indonesian	90
Laotian	325
Ilocano	125
Northern Irish	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	55
Franco Ontarian	60
Argentinian	85
Estonian	190
Kurdish	155
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85
Coptic	80
Thai	205
Dominican	20
Nepali	50
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	40
Igbo	65
Byelorussian	105
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	25
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85
New Zealander	40
Sudanese	535
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150
Malaysian	25
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	30
Buddhist	50
Gaspesian	0
Norman	10
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	60
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	20
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	35
Jordanian	55
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	70
Rwandan	10
Grenadian	45
Malayali	50
Chaldean	20
Sinhalese	35
Mayan	10
Honduran	95
Cherokee	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	35
United Empire Loyalist	125
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	40
Sicilian	40
Pashtun	0
Malay	15
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	105
Burmese	10
Mongolian	50
Azorean	20
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	55
Oromo	15
Tanzanian	60
Yemeni	65
Central African	0
Libyan	100
Basque	0
Uruguayan	25
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10
Igorot	15
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	25
St. Lucian	30
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	45
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	10
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	10
Karen	0
Edo	10
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	120
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,335
Buddhist	865
Christian	78,270
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,610
Anabaptist	1,630
Anglican	8,010
Baptist	1,605
Catholic	34,770
Christian Orthodox	1,780
Jehovah's Witness	565
Latter Day Saints	215
Lutheran	1,450
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	515
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,545
Presbyterian	2,545
Reformed	1,150
United Church	5,450
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,435
Hindu	775
Jewish	445
Muslim	4,535
Sikh	230
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70
Other religions and spiritual traditions	915
No religion and secular perspectives	48,235
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,135
Non-movers	117,050
Movers	16,090
Non-migrants	8,940
Migrants	7,150
Internal migrants	6,445
Intraprovincial migrants	6,040
Interprovincial migrants	405
External migrants	700
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,210
Non-movers	79,285
Movers	48,925
Non-migrants	22,100
Migrants	26,825
Internal migrants	21,905
Intraprovincial migrants	20,290
Interprovincial migrants	1,620
External migrants	4,925
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,020
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,690
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,980
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,710
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,880
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,115
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,540
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,575
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,960
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,940
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,420
Bachelor's degree	17,075
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625
Master's degree	5,175
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	930
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,695
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,095
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,360
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,660
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,825
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,300
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,700
Bachelor's degree	12,545
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410
Master's degree	3,905
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,005
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,990
Education	4,225
13. Education	4,225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,525
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205
50. Visual and performing arts	2,325
Humanities	3,645
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390
23. English language and literature/letters	825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140
38. Philosophy and religious studies	305
39. Theology and religious vocations	405
54. History	495
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,675
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,750
22. Legal professions and studies	760
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225
42. Psychology	1,425
45. Social sciences	2,555
Business, management and public administration	11,475
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,240
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	670
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,020
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540
25. Library science	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	325
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,745
04. Architecture and related services	350
14. Engineering	1,625
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,840
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,085
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110
48. Precision production	1,740
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	870
03. Natural resources and conservation	385
Health and related fields	10,665
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,140
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,280
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,510
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25
43. Security and protective services	1,320
49. Transportation and materials moving	530
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,330
Education	2,705
13. Education	2,705
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,890
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780
Humanities	2,420
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270
23. English language and literature/letters	515
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	650
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205
39. Theology and religious vocations	275
54. History	290
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,780
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	715
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395
22. Legal professions and studies	585
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145
42. Psychology	970
45. Social sciences	1,915
Business, management and public administration	8,435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,010
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,410
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	400
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,630
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,305
25. Library science	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	230
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,145
04. Architecture and related services	235
14. Engineering	1,190
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,975
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,315
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,420
48. Precision production	1,015
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640
03. Natural resources and conservation	300
Health and related fields	7,630
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	890
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,565
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	1,065
49. Transportation and materials moving	360
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,690
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,360
Location of study inside Canada	36,520
Same as province or territory of residence	34,960
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,845
Americas	2,715
United States of America	1,710
Mexico	95
Cuba	45
Haiti	15
Jamaica	70
Brazil	150
Colombia	300
Peru	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	80
Other locations of study in Americas	235
Europe	1,275
Belgium	0
France	45
Germany	45
Netherlands	45
Switzerland	20
Hungary	50
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	150
Romania	45
Russian Federation	85
Ukraine	60
Ireland⁹⁶	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30
Italy	50
Serbia⁸⁶	15
Other locations of study in Europe	110
Africa	510
Nigeria	125
Algeria	15
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	90
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other locations of study in Africa	205
Asia	2,230
Iran⁸⁸	55
Iraq	40
Israel	15
Lebanon	10
Syria⁸⁹	45
Turkey	75
China⁹⁰	280
Taiwan	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
Japan	25
Korea, South⁹²	165
Philippines	540
Viet Nam	30
Bangladesh	30
Sri Lanka	0
India	480
Pakistan	190
Other locations of study in Asia	195
Oceania	115
Australia	110
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	115,005
In the labour force	67,120
Employed	56,490
Unemployed	10,630
Not in the labour force	47,885
Participation rate	58.4
Employment rate	49.1
Unemployment rate	15.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	115,005
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,760
Worked	67,245
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,485
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,760
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,120
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,075
Employee	56,505
Permanent position	48,280
Temporary position	8,220
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,525
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,700
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,570
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,120
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,075
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,290
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,655
3 Health occupations	5,780
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,750
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,905
6 Sales and service occupations	20,410
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,900
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,620
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,195
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,120
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045
All industries¹⁹¹	65,075
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75
22 Utilities	425
23 Construction	5,020
31-33 Manufacturing	5,685
41 Wholesale trade	2,240
44-45 Retail trade	9,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,810
51 Information and cultural industries	900
52 Finance and insurance	2,075
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,095
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,495
61 Educational services	5,055
62 Health care and social assistance	9,185
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,425
72 Accommodation and food services	5,305
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765
91 Public administration	2,615
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,330
English	69,615
French	165
Non-official language	220
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	220
English and French	915
English and non-official language(s)	1,305
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,330
Single responses	71,995
Official languages	71,605
English	71,290
French	320
Non-official languages	390
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	390
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	195
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	35
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	20
Russian	15
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	135
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	120
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	10
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110
Chinese languages	110
Hakka	0
Mandarin	105
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	330
English and French	110
English and non-official language(s)	220
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,330
None	70,300
English	320
French	660
Non-official language	860
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	850
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	85
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,490
Worked at home	11,620
Worked outside Canada	240
No fixed workplace address	6,735
Usual place of work	37,900
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,895
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,575
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,025
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,245
Commute to a different province or territory	60
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,635
Car, truck or van	40,200
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,610
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,590
Public transit	1,360
Walked	1,825
Bicycle	355
Other method	895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,635
Less than 15 minutes	18,475
15 to 29 minutes	16,450
30 to 44 minutes	5,525
45 to 59 minutes	1,660
60 minutes and over	2,520
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,635
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,300
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,310
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,635
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,915
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,860
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,325
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,000
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,730

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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