Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Grimsby, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	28,883	...	...
Population, 2016¹	27,314	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,626	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,395	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	420.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	68.71	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	28,880	14,025	14,855
0 to 14 years	4,680	2,420	2,255
0 to 4 years	1,310	690	620
5 to 9 years	1,595	830	765
10 to 14 years	1,770	905	870
15 to 64 years	18,040	8,805	9,240
15 to 19 years	1,675	860	810
20 to 24 years	1,445	730	715
25 to 29 years	1,500	770	730
30 to 34 years	1,600	785	810
35 to 39 years	1,690	805	885
40 to 44 years	1,850	900	950
45 to 49 years	1,940	920	1,025
50 to 54 years	1,980	950	1,030
55 to 59 years	2,275	1,100	1,180
60 to 64 years	2,090	990	1,100
65 years and over	6,165	2,805	3,360
65 to 69 years	1,865	885	975
70 to 74 years	1,545	710	830
75 to 79 years	1,190	560	630
80 to 84 years	760	330	425
85 years and over	810	310	500
85 to 89 years	475	215	265
90 to 94 years	270	85	185
95 to 99 years	55	10	45
100 years and over	5	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	17.3	15.2
15 to 64 years	62.5	62.8	62.2
65 years and over	21.3	20.0	22.6
85 years and over	2.8	2.2	3.4
Average age of the population	43.5	42.3	44.6
Median age of the population	45.2	43.6	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,395	...	...
Single-detached house	7,340	...	...
Semi-detached house	255	...	...
Row house	2,605	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	215	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	600	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	345	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,395	...	...
1 person	2,770	...	...
2 persons	4,115	...	...
3 persons	1,740	...	...
4 persons	1,890	...	...
5 or more persons	890	...	...
Number of persons in private households	28,570	13,935	14,635
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	24,205	11,610	12,600
Married or living common-law	15,175	7,590	7,585
Married	13,060	6,535	6,525
Living common-law	2,120	1,055	1,060
Living common law - Never married	1,265	635	630
Living common law - Separated	155	75	80
Living common law - Divorced	625	315	310
Living common law - Widowed	75	35	45
Not married and not living common-law	9,030	4,015	5,010
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,575	2,950	2,625
Not married and not living common law - Separated	705	290	410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,320	480	835
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,430	295	1,140
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,640	...	...
2 persons	4,385	...	...
3 persons	1,745	...	...
4 persons	1,855	...	...
5 or more persons	655	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,640	...	...
Total couple families	7,485	...	...
Married couples	6,425	...	...
With children⁶	3,375	...	...
Without children	3,045	...	...
Common-law couples	1,060	...	...
With children⁶	400	...	...
Without children	660	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,160	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	895	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	265	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	28,570	13,935	14,635
Total - Persons in census families	24,915	12,380	12,525
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,960	7,470	7,490
Parents in one-parent families	1,160	260	900
Children⁶	8,790	4,655	4,135
In a two-parent family	7,005	3,675	3,335
In a one-parent family	1,780	975	805
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,655	1,550	2,105
Living alone	2,770	1,150	1,620
Living with other relatives⁷	465	180	285
Living with non-relatives only	425	220	205
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,395	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,840	...	...
Couple-family households	6,915	...	...
With children⁶	3,500	...	...
Without children	3,415	...	...
One-parent-family households	920	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	300	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	205	...	...
One-person households	2,770	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	23,895	11,515	12,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,160	11,135	12,030
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,175	11,140	12,035
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,580	10,570	11,010
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	53,600	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,075	8,755	8,315
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	56,000	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,655	9,780	10,875
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	6,600	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,775	745	1,030
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,240	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,685	2,630	3,050
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	23,900	11,515	12,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,175	11,120	12,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,400	73,100	50,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,190	11,130	12,060
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	58,250	42,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,595	10,580	11,015
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	68,200	44,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,075	8,705	8,365
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,300	66,100	46,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,675	9,735	10,935
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,410	9,320	11,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,935	810	1,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,120	7,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,680	2,605	3,070
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,730	9,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	23,895	11,515	12,380
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,645	4,725	3,920
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	75,000	84,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,300	95,800	74,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,270	2,820	3,450
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	21,400	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,080	36,960	22,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.8	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	70.8	63.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.2	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.1	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.8	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	23,900	11,515	12,385
Without total income	730	380	355
With total income	23,165	11,135	12,025
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,705	700	1,005
$10,000 to $19,999	2,395	855	1,535
$20,000 to $29,999	2,980	1,140	1,845
$30,000 to $39,999	2,530	1,070	1,460
$40,000 to $49,999	2,380	1,030	1,350
$50,000 to $59,999	2,010	920	1,095
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	915	900
$70,000 to $79,999	1,520	845	675
$80,000 to $89,999	1,230	720	510
$90,000 to $99,999	1,030	595	430
$100,000 and over	3,560	2,345	1,220
$100,000 to $149,999	2,420	1,510	910
$150,000 and over	1,140	830	305
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	23,900	11,515	12,385
Without after-tax income	720	375	345
With after-tax income	23,175	11,140	12,035
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,840	730	1,110
$10,000 to $19,999	2,505	900	1,605
$20,000 to $29,999	3,400	1,320	2,085
$30,000 to $39,999	3,050	1,320	1,730
$40,000 to $49,999	2,745	1,230	1,510
$50,000 to $59,999	2,400	1,230	1,175
$60,000 to $69,999	1,980	1,080	900
$70,000 to $79,999	1,475	900	570
$80,000 to $89,999	1,265	685	575
$90,000 to $99,999	740	450	285
$100,000 and over	1,785	1,290	495
$100,000 to $124,999	930	645	290
$125,000 and over	855	645	210
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	23,900	11,515	12,385
Without employment income	6,825	2,755	4,065
With employment income	17,070	8,760	8,315
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,595	1,325	1,270
$5,000 to $9,999	1,320	530	790
$10,000 to $19,999	1,660	675	990
$20,000 to $29,999	1,270	585	690
$30,000 to $39,999	1,140	460	680
$40,000 to $49,999	1,135	470	665
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260	585	675
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	620	520
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	590	420
$80,000 to $89,999	885	535	350
$90,000 to $99,999	880	485	390
$100,000 and over	2,775	1,895	885
$100,000 to $124,999	1,330	820	505
$125,000 and over	1,450	1,070	375
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	23,895	11,515	12,385
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,805	10,950	11,860
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	58,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,815	10,950	11,870
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,445	10,480	10,960
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	54,800	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,220	8,780	8,440
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,200	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,510	9,220	10,290
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,760	920	5,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,335	510	825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,640	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	23,900	11,515	12,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,830	10,960	11,870
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,200	71,300	48,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,840	10,960	11,880
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,320	56,550	40,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,495	10,505	10,995
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,150	68,700	44,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,145	8,730	8,410
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,250	67,700	46,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,605	9,230	10,380
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,490	8,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,410	535	875
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,130	5,620	8,060
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	23,895	11,515	12,380
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,625	4,730	3,905
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	81,000	63,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,200	92,600	69,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,955	2,695	3,255
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	29,800	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,800	44,680	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.4	85.2
Employment income (%)	72.6	75.6	68.4
Government transfers (%)	10.7	7.7	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,395	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,770	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	8,625	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,395	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,775	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	8,625	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,395	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	125	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	270	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	275	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	325	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	330	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	640	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	735	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	695	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	685	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,490	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,225	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,585	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,655	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,395	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	135	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	260	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	300	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	345	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	390	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	810	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	905	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	880	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	725	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,905	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,650	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,165	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,090	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,505	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,450	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,825	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,065	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,190	1,370	1,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,200	54,400	45,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	46,800	40,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,500	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	144,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,450	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,840	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,050	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,200	1,345	1,855
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	60,650	67,800	55,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,880	54,850	44,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	28,570	13,930	14,635
0 to 17 years	5,740	2,970	2,775
0 to 5 years	1,640	860	780
18 to 64 years	16,930	8,230	8,700
65 years and over	5,900	2,735	3,165
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,495	660	835
0 to 17 years	285	140	145
0 to 5 years	85	50	35
18 to 64 years	815	385	430
65 years and over	400	140	260
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.2	4.7	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.6	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.1	5.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.6	4.9
65 years and over (%)	6.8	5.0	8.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,570	13,935	14,635
0 to 17 years	5,745	2,970	2,770
0 to 5 years	1,640	860	780
18 to 64 years	16,930	8,230	8,700
65 years and over	5,895	2,730	3,160
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	750	360	390
0 to 17 years	120	60	55
0 to 5 years	40	25	20
18 to 64 years	520	255	260
65 years and over	110	45	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	2.6	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.1	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	28,570	13,930	14,635
In bottom half of the distribution	10,090	4,675	5,410
In bottom decile	1,265	580	685
In second decile	1,730	730	1,000
In third decile	1,965	910	1,055
In fourth decile	2,395	1,140	1,255
In fifth decile	2,735	1,320	1,415
In top half of the distribution	18,480	9,250	9,225
In sixth decile	2,940	1,440	1,500
In seventh decile	3,370	1,660	1,710
In eighth decile	3,805	1,935	1,875
In ninth decile	4,190	2,110	2,080
In top decile	4,170	2,120	2,060
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	28,570	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.401	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	28,685	13,975	14,710
English only	26,845	13,220	13,620
French only	5	0	0
English and French	1,720	700	1,015
Neither English nor French	125	50	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	28,685	13,975	14,710
English	28,265	13,800	14,470
French	265	110	150
English and French	40	15	20
Neither English nor French	115	50	70
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	28,685	13,975	14,710
Single responses	28,075	13,695	14,385
Official languages	24,300	11,930	12,365
English	24,015	11,810	12,210
French	280	120	160
Non-official languages	3,775	1,765	2,015
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,770	1,765	2,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	60	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	110	55	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	45	45
Aramaic languages	10	5	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	10
Vietnamese	45	20	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	25	60
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	15	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	60	25	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	35	15	20
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,145	1,505	1,640
Albanian	25	15	10
Armenian	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040	480	560
Baltic languages	20	10	15
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	10	0	10
Slavic languages	1,020	470	545
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	15	5	10
Macedonian	5	5	0
Polish	375	170	205
Russian	35	10	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	415	215	200
Bosnian	30	15	15
Croatian	235	120	110
Serbian	145	80	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Slovak	25	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20
Ukrainian	110	45	65
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	690	315	375
Frisian	15	5	5
High German languages	205	90	120
German	200	90	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	450	210	245
Afrikaans	10	5	10
Dutch	435	200	235
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15
Danish	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	10	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	25
Indo-Iranian languages	420	210	205
Indo-Aryan languages	320	165	160
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	5	10
Gujarati	30	10	15
Hindi	35	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	15	5	5
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	65	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	85	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	45	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	10	5
Persian languages	80	35	40
Dari	25	10	15
Iranian Persian	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	900	450	450
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	420	215	200
Portuguese	170	90	85
Romanian	35	25	15
Spanish	270	125	150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	35	15	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	5	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	45	60
Chinese languages	105	45	60
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	30	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	5	5	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	50	20	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	50	20	25
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	35	55
Estonian	5	5	5
Finnish	20	5	10
Hungarian	70	25	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	610	280	330
English and French	95	30	60
English and non-official language(s)	460	225	235
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	28,685	13,975	14,710
English	25,430	12,440	12,990
French	20	10	10
Non-official language	590	280	310
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	590	280	310
English and French	220	90	135
English and non-official language(s)	2,305	1,105	1,200
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	28,685	13,975	14,710
Single responses	28,265	13,790	14,475
Official languages	27,165	13,270	13,895
English	27,120	13,250	13,870
French	40	20	20
Non-official languages	1,100	525	580
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,100	525	580
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	10
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	845	400	445
Albanian	15	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	135	160
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	295	135	160
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	115	55	60
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	70
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	65	30	35
Serbian	60	30	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	15
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	20	5	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	235	115	120
Indo-Aryan languages	195	100	95
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	15	5	5
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	230	115	120
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	15	25
Portuguese	45	20	25
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	130	70	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	25	25
Chinese languages	50	25	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	45	20	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	420	185	235
English and French	15	10	10
English and non-official language(s)	390	170	215
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	28,685	13,975	14,710
None	26,405	12,890	13,515
English	455	215	240
French	205	80	125
Non-official language	1,415	690	725
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,415	690	720
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	60
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	28,565	13,930	14,635
Official languages	28,450	13,885	14,560
English	28,435	13,880	14,555
French	1,660	735	925
Non-official languages	5,395	2,515	2,875
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,395	2,515	2,875
Afro-Asiatic languages	190	105	85
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	190	105	85
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	165	85	80
Aramaic languages	20	10	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	30	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	15
Vietnamese	70	30	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	135	40	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	25	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	10	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	25	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	150	80	70
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	10	15
Tamil	100	55	45
Telugu	30	15	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,390	2,100	2,290
Albanian	50	20	30
Armenian	20	15	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,300	645	660
Baltic languages	25	10	15
Latvian	20	0	10
Lithuanian	10	0	0
Slavic languages	1,275	630	645
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	25	0	20
Macedonian	25	15	10
Polish	470	255	210
Russian	100	45	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	555	275	285
Bosnian	50	25	25
Croatian	420	205	220
Serbian	130	65	60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	45	25	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15
Ukrainian	130	50	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	925	420	505
Frisian	30	20	15
High German languages	330	160	170
German	330	160	170
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	590	270	320
Afrikaans	40	20	25
Dutch	530	235	295
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	25
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	10	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	45	30	15
Indo-Iranian languages	675	340	330
Indo-Aryan languages	560	285	270
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	65	30	40
Hindi	215	115	100
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	10	0	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	120	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25
Urdu	155	75	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	155	75	80
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	20	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	30	10	15
Persian languages	110	55	50
Dari	45	20	30
Iranian Persian	60	40	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,505	705	795
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	730	365	365
Portuguese	275	125	145
Romanian	60	30	30
Spanish	535	230	305
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	55	10	40
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	35	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	15	10	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	210	100	110
Chinese languages	205	100	105
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	160	80	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	135	55	80
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	135	55	80
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	130	50	85
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	0	10
Hungarian	115	40	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,565	13,930	14,635
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	520	255	265
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	495	250	245
First Nations (North American Indian)	305	150	155
Métis	185	95	90
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous identity	28,050	13,675	14,375
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,565	13,930	14,635
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	140	70	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	28,430	13,865	14,565
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,395	...	...
Owner	9,415	...	...
Renter	1,975	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,395	...	...
Condominium	2,230	...	...
Not condominium	9,165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,395	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	1,065	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,045	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,150	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,100	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,395	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,860	...	...
5 rooms	1,565	...	...
6 rooms	1,805	...	...
7 rooms	1,645	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,525	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,395	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,330	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,395	...	...
Suitable	11,150	...	...
Not suitable	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,395	...	...
1960 or before	2,320	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,295	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,295	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,005	...	...
2006 to 2010	910	...	...
2011 to 2015	945	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,395	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,970	...	...
Major repairs needed	430	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,395	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,080	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,955	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	355	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,395	...	...
15 to 24 years	85	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,175	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,840	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,155	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,510	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,225	...	...
85 years and over	405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,340	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,155	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,180	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,395	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,710	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,050	...	...
Not suitable only	200	...	...
Major repairs needed only	315	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,690	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,170	...	...
In core need	850	...	...
Not in core need	10,320	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,375	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	780,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	814,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,526	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	28,570	13,935	14,635
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	145	65	75
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	145	65	75
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	75	35	40
Métis single ancestry	65	30	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	605	295	310
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	600	295	300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	455	220	240
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	80	55
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	27,820	13,565	14,255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	28,570	13,935	14,635
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	27,610	13,485	14,125
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,560	2,885	2,675
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	22,050	10,600	11,450
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	955	450	505
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	28,570	13,935	14,635
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	23,380	11,525	11,855
Immigrants⁸¹	5,090	2,360	2,730
Before 1980	2,295	1,100	1,195
1980 to 1990	625	290	330
1991 to 2000	715	310	410
2001 to 2010	775	335	445
2011 to 2021⁸²	680	330	350
2011 to 2015	245	125	115
2016 to 2021	435	205	230
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	45	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,090	2,360	2,730
Under 5 years	670	320	355
5 to 14 years	1,170	595	570
15 to 24 years	1,255	565	690
25 to 44 years	1,790	800	995
45 years and over	205	80	125
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,090	2,360	2,730
Americas	610	225	385
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	55	30	25
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	35	0	30
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	65	25	45
Mexico	40	15	30
Peru	15	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	0
United States of America	195	70	125
Other places of birth in Americas	170	65	110
Europe	3,150	1,500	1,650
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	45	30
Croatia	145	80	70
France	10	0	10
Germany	200	80	125
Greece	40	20	15
Hungary	55	20	35
Italy	225	130	100
Netherlands	450	235	215
Poland	280	145	135
Portugal	135	60	75
Romania	50	20	35
Russian Federation	50	15	35
Serbia⁸⁶	50	15	30
Ukraine	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,150	550	595
Other places of birth in Europe	225	90	135
Africa	210	120	95
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	30	10	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	75	45	30
Other places of birth in Africa	90	50	40
Asia	1,090	495	595
Afghanistan	40	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	20
Iraq	35	15	20
Lebanon	25	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	85	45	35
China⁹⁰	95	45	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30
Taiwan	10	0	0
Philippines	150	40	110
Viet Nam	45	20	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	300	155	150
Pakistan	40	25	20
Sri Lanka	70	35	35
Other places of birth in Asia	80	40	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	30	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	435	205	230
Americas	90	35	55
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10
United States of America	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20
Europe	65	30	30
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10
Africa	55	30	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	10
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	230	105	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	100	45	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	0	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	40	20	20
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	28,565	13,930	14,635
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,465	2,540	2,925
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,250	3,550	3,700
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,850	7,845	8,005
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,795	1,260	1,535
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,375	615	765
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	530	290	235
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	845	320	525
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	805	315	490
Refugees¹⁰⁸	585	330	260
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,795	1,260	1,535
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	200	110	100
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	305	160	150
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	30	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	135	50	80
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	0	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,030	905	1,125
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	28,565	13,930	14,635
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,775	1,305	1,475
South Asian	890	430	460
Chinese	230	120	110
Black	430	230	200
Filipino	220	95	125
Arab	125	75	60
Latin American	260	120	135
Southeast Asian	155	55	100
West Asian	130	60	70
Korean	45	0	40
Japanese	20	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	150	50	100
Multiple visible minorities	120	55	65
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,790	12,635	13,165
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	28,565	13,935	14,635
Canadian	3,985	1,975	2,015
English	7,950	3,940	4,010
Irish	5,245	2,415	2,835
Scottish	5,735	2,790	2,945
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,595	715	880
German	3,300	1,535	1,765
Chinese	295	140	160
Italian	3,425	1,825	1,600
Indian (India)	630	280	345
Ukrainian	1,515	665	855
Dutch	2,285	1,175	1,110
Polish	1,805	875	935
Québécois	15	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,500	750	755
Filipino	240	110	130
French Canadian	505	265	240
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	220	100	125
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	290	125	155
Métis	210	110	100
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	515	260	255
Russian	345	155	195
Norwegian	150	85	70
Welsh	570	285	285
Portuguese	640	355	285
American	485	245	235
Spanish	165	90	70
Swedish	280	115	170
Hungarian	645	275	375
Acadian	45	20	25
Pakistani	50	25	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	110	65	50
Jewish	120	60	60
Punjabi	110	50	55
Vietnamese	110	45	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	45
Greek	235	140	100
Jamaican	150	65	85
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	15	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	15
Korean	50	0	45
Romanian	190	85	110
Lebanese	70	45	30
Iranian	55	25	30
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	95	105
Danish	205	65	135
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	30	25
Sikh	50	30	20
Austrian	225	120	105
Belgian	85	30	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	105	70	35
Mexican	60	30	30
Mennonite	95	45	50
Swiss	145	75	65
Finnish	180	75	110
Sri Lankan	70	35	35
Croatian	805	435	370
Japanese	30	0	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	15	20
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	20
Muslim	25	10	20
Egyptian	55	30	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	35	30
Tamil	80	40	40
Icelandic	55	20	35
Colombian	35	25	20
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	120	45	75
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	50	30	20
Afghan	85	35	45
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	20	25
Serbian	230	105	125
Ojibway	20	15	0
Newfoundlander	65	35	30
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	120	45	75
Persian	15	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	25	35
Turkish	105	50	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	10
Nigerian	50	25	25
Armenian	65	30	35
Slovak	210	90	120
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	30	60
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	15	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	50	25
Algonquin	15	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10
Lithuanian	65	30	40
South African	75	45	30
Australian	65	35	30
Palestinian	25	0	25
Chilean	15	0	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	10	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	15	20
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	50	25	25
Maltese	125	65	60
Macedonian	65	30	35
Slovenian	160	70	90
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15
New Brunswicker	50	40	10
Gujarati	25	10	10
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	40	30	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	20
Bulgarian	15	0	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	20	10
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	25
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	50	30	20
Bosnian	75	35	40
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	65	25	35
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	10	0
Indonesian	20	10	15
Laotian	10	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	35	15	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	25	0	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	0	10
Estonian	35	20	20
Kurdish	40	25	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Dominican	30	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	40	10	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	10	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	10	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	20	30
Malaysian	20	0	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	55	20	35
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	15	10	10
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	28,570	13,930	14,635
Buddhist	125	55	75
Christian	17,610	8,325	9,290
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,050	995	1,060
Anabaptist	140	60	80
Anglican	1,660	740	920
Baptist	325	135	200
Catholic	8,890	4,300	4,590
Christian Orthodox	440	230	210
Jehovah's Witness	80	40	35
Latter Day Saints	60	25	40
Lutheran	255	125	130
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	60	35	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	130	140
Presbyterian	485	230	255
Reformed	715	345	365
United Church	1,520	630	890
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	655	315	345
Hindu	280	140	140
Jewish	55	30	20
Muslim	555	255	300
Sikh	170	70	95
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120	45	70
No religion and secular perspectives	9,655	5,010	4,640
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	28,375	13,845	14,530
Non-movers	25,300	12,310	12,990
Movers	3,075	1,540	1,540
Non-migrants	775	415	360
Migrants	2,305	1,125	1,180
Internal migrants	2,190	1,065	1,125
Intraprovincial migrants	2,135	1,035	1,095
Interprovincial migrants	55	25	30
External migrants	115	60	60
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	27,275	13,285	13,990
Non-movers	17,400	8,490	8,915
Movers	9,875	4,795	5,080
Non-migrants	2,285	1,170	1,115
Migrants	7,590	3,630	3,965
Internal migrants	7,105	3,390	3,720
Intraprovincial migrants	6,865	3,260	3,610
Interprovincial migrants	235	135	110
External migrants	485	240	250
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,895	11,515	12,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,545	1,895	1,650
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,355	9,615	10,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,895	7,165	7,725
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,120	665	460
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,775	6,500	7,270
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,895	11,510	12,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,185	1,635	1,550
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,555	3,165	3,390
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,155	6,710	7,445
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,000	4,140	3,855
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,465	1,100	365
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	595	370	230
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	865	735	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,965	2,775	3,195
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	570	270	300
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,160	2,570	3,590
Bachelor's degree	4,310	1,755	2,560
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	320	105	215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	95	55
Master's degree	1,215	540	675
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	80	85
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,895	7,165	7,730
No certificate, diploma or degree	960	560	400
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,395	1,765	1,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,535	4,845	5,690
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,670	2,885	2,785
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	875	645	235
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	315	195	125
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	555	445	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,405	2,065	2,340
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	395	180	215
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,865	1,965	2,905
Bachelor's degree	3,365	1,340	2,030
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	245	85	165
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	65	45
Master's degree	1,020	430	585
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	125	50	75
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,895	11,510	12,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,735	4,805	4,940
Education	990	215	775
13. Education	990	215	775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	435	175	260
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	35	20
50. Visual and performing arts	375	135	235
Humanities	735	275	465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	50
23. English language and literature/letters	185	65	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	50	100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	30	40
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	45	25
54. History	115	60	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,970	635	1,335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	95	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	370	25	355
22. Legal professions and studies	275	75	200
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35
42. Psychology	345	65	285
45. Social sciences	705	375	335
Business, management and public administration	2,940	1,300	1,640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	35	165
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,730	1,260	1,470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	575	270	305
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	95	160
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	45	70
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	165	115	50
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	20	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435	285	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	330	240	90
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,760	2,535	225
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	40
14. Engineering	435	350	85
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	825	750	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	630	620	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	450	450	0
48. Precision production	295	285	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	275	150	125
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	90	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	60	55
Health and related fields	2,205	430	1,775
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	105	105
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,955	310	1,650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	825	440	390
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	365	95	270
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	300	200	100
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	135	25
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,895	7,165	7,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,360	2,320	2,035
Education	685	150	540
13. Education	685	150	540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	135	185
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	290	115	175
Humanities	525	175	360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45
23. English language and literature/letters	110	35	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	30	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	25	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	20
54. History	90	45	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,550	490	1,060
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	60	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	15	295
22. Legal professions and studies	200	60	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30
42. Psychology	275	50	225
45. Social sciences	550	290	260
Business, management and public administration	2,305	995	1,310
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	10	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	25	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,120	960	1,160
Physical and life sciences and technologies	430	205	225
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	90	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	120	70	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	345	240	105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	225	70
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,835	1,665	175
04. Architecture and related services	95	60	35
14. Engineering	345	265	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	530	480	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	385	375	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	295	295	0
48. Precision production	190	180	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	225	115	110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	60	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	55	50
Health and related fields	1,645	335	1,305
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	80	85
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,440	235	1,205
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	15	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	645	350	295
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	275	80	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	250	165	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	100	25
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	14,895	7,165	7,730
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,360	2,320	2,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,535	4,845	5,690
Location of study inside Canada	9,300	4,335	4,970
Same as province or territory of residence	8,860	4,080	4,780
Different than province or territory of residence	440	250	190
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,235	510	725
Americas	505	195	310
United States of America	420	160	255
Mexico	20	0	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	15
Europe	300	140	160
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	30	15	15
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	45	20	25
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	20	10	15
Ukraine	10	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	55	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	75	40	35
Nigeria	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20
Other locations of study in Africa	15	15	0
Asia	315	115	200
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	25	15	15
China⁹⁰	50	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	15
Philippines	50	10	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10
India	95	35	60
Pakistan	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	0
Oceania	40	30	15
Australia	30	10	10
New Zealand	20	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	23,900	11,510	12,380
In the labour force	15,355	7,850	7,505
Employed	13,780	7,165	6,620
Unemployed	1,570	685	890
Not in the labour force	8,540	3,660	4,875
Participation rate	64.2	68.2	60.6
Employment rate	57.7	62.3	53.5
Unemployment rate	10.2	8.7	11.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	23,895	11,510	12,385
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,395	3,615	4,780
Worked	15,500	7,895	7,600
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,810	4,835	3,970
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,690	3,060	3,630
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.0	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,355	7,850	7,510
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	320	165	150
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,035	7,685	7,355
Employee	12,800	6,385	6,415
Permanent position	11,205	5,615	5,585
Temporary position	1,595	770	830
Fixed term (1 year or more)	460	230	230
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,140	540	600
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,235	1,300	935
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,355	7,850	7,510
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	320	165	150
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,035	7,685	7,355
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	300	220	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,760	880	1,875
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,060	840	220
3 Health occupations	1,290	260	1,025
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,045	750	1,295
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	370	135	235
6 Sales and service occupations	3,665	1,575	2,090
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,500	2,245	250
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	380	260	120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	675	510	165
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,355	7,850	7,510
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	320	165	150
All industries¹⁹¹	15,035	7,685	7,355
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	325	175	155
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	105	95	10
23 Construction	1,230	1,035	195
31-33 Manufacturing	1,525	1,140	385
41 Wholesale trade	815	550	260
44-45 Retail trade	1,735	765	970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	770	555	220
51 Information and cultural industries	200	115	85
52 Finance and insurance	605	245	355
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	300	140	160
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,115	685	435
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	20	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	555	295	260
61 Educational services	1,330	355	970
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	345	1,600
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	135	100
72 Accommodation and food services	755	255	495
81 Other services (except public administration)	595	255	345
91 Public administration	825	500	320
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,325	8,275	8,050
English	15,905	8,085	7,825
French	25	10	20
Non-official language	25	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	10
English and French	155	55	105
English and non-official language(s)	205	105	100
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,325	8,275	8,050
Single responses	16,290	8,260	8,030
Official languages	16,250	8,240	8,005
English	16,210	8,235	7,970
French	45	10	35
Non-official languages	40	20	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	20	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	10	25
English and French	20	0	20
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,325	8,275	8,050
None	15,985	8,115	7,875
English	35	10	25
French	120	55	70
Non-official language	155	75	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	155	75	80
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,780	7,165	6,620
Worked at home	3,900	1,840	2,055
Worked outside Canada	25	15	15
No fixed workplace address	1,525	1,130	390
Usual place of work	8,335	4,170	4,160
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,330	4,170	4,160
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,305	965	1,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,575	745	835
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,435	2,455	1,985
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,860	5,305	4,550
Car, truck or van	9,335	5,105	4,230
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,675	4,810	3,860
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	660	290	370
Public transit	65	35	25
Walked	275	95	175
Bicycle	40	15	20
Other method	150	55	95
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,860	5,305	4,550
Less than 15 minutes	2,845	1,255	1,595
15 to 29 minutes	3,365	1,805	1,555
30 to 44 minutes	2,115	1,160	955
45 to 59 minutes	695	475	220
60 minutes and over	840	615	225
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,860	5,305	4,550
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	910	690	215
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,845	1,280	565
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,425	1,225	1,200
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,105	825	1,285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,120	420	700
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,455	870	585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,850	3,020	2,830
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	370	200	170
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,480	2,820	2,655
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,430	2,270	2,160
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	300	155	140
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	60	55
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	100	80
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,135	2,110	2,020

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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