Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Haldimand County, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	49,216	...	...
Population, 2016¹	45,608	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,710	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,719	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	39.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,250.45	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	49,215	24,435	24,780
0 to 14 years	8,630	4,420	4,210
0 to 4 years	2,760	1,410	1,355
5 to 9 years	2,990	1,535	1,455
10 to 14 years	2,880	1,470	1,405
15 to 64 years	30,470	15,170	15,300
15 to 19 years	2,740	1,420	1,320
20 to 24 years	2,460	1,265	1,190
25 to 29 years	2,755	1,395	1,360
30 to 34 years	3,070	1,475	1,595
35 to 39 years	2,975	1,475	1,500
40 to 44 years	2,685	1,345	1,340
45 to 49 years	2,750	1,365	1,385
50 to 54 years	3,140	1,545	1,590
55 to 59 years	3,985	1,915	2,065
60 to 64 years	3,910	1,960	1,950
65 years and over	10,115	4,845	5,265
65 to 69 years	3,400	1,695	1,710
70 to 74 years	2,645	1,320	1,330
75 to 79 years	1,855	910	945
80 to 84 years	1,115	510	610
85 years and over	1,095	415	685
85 to 89 years	675	275	400
90 to 94 years	300	100	190
95 to 99 years	110	35	80
100 years and over	15	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.5	18.1	17.0
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.1	61.7
65 years and over	20.6	19.8	21.2
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	42.5	41.9	43.2
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,715	...	...
Single-detached house	15,785	...	...
Semi-detached house	565	...	...
Row house	665	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	365	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,210	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	50	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	75	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,720	...	...
1 person	4,235	...	...
2 persons	6,930	...	...
3 persons	2,875	...	...
4 persons	2,685	...	...
5 or more persons	1,995	...	...
Number of persons in private households	48,565	24,165	24,405
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,585	20,015	20,570
Married or living common-law	25,500	12,735	12,765
Married	21,255	10,625	10,630
Living common-law	4,240	2,105	2,135
Living common law - Never married	2,690	1,345	1,340
Living common law - Separated	270	140	135
Living common law - Divorced	1,120	560	560
Living common law - Widowed	160	60	100
Not married and not living common-law	15,085	7,285	7,805
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,335	5,145	4,190
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,155	530	620
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,150	1,020	1,135
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,445	585	1,860
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,555	...	...
2 persons	7,575	...	...
3 persons	2,910	...	...
4 persons	2,575	...	...
5 or more persons	1,495	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,560	...	...
Total couple families	12,565	...	...
Married couples	10,440	...	...
With children⁶	5,260	...	...
Without children	5,180	...	...
Common-law couples	2,125	...	...
With children⁶	890	...	...
Without children	1,235	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,995	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,475	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	520	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	48,565	24,165	24,405
Total - Persons in census families	42,315	21,165	21,145
Married spouses or common-law partners	25,125	12,535	12,590
Parents in one-parent families	1,995	520	1,470
Children⁶	15,195	8,105	7,090
In a two-parent family	12,010	6,400	5,610
In a one-parent family	3,185	1,705	1,480
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,250	3,000	3,250
Living alone	4,235	2,060	2,175
Living with other relatives⁷	1,025	425	600
Living with non-relatives only	990	515	475
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,720	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,710	...	...
Couple-family households	11,260	...	...
With children⁶	5,495	...	...
Without children	5,765	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,450	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	665	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	440	...	...
One-person households	4,235	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	39,940	19,740	20,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,670	19,105	19,565
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,670	19,105	19,565
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,820	17,670	17,155
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	47,200	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,225	14,985	13,240
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,835	16,965	17,870
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,510	1,585	1,925
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,560	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,160	4,190	4,970
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	39,940	19,740	20,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,735	19,075	19,665
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	58,600	42,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,740	19,075	19,665
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	49,200	37,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,785	17,660	17,125
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	54,000	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,225	14,970	13,255
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,400	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,860	17,005	17,855
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,650	11,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,535	1,590	1,945
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,450	5,765	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,190	4,275	4,915
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	7,850	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	39,935	19,740	20,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,710	8,145	5,570
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	69,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	74,100	60,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,355	4,425	5,925
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	23,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480	33,960	22,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.4	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	70.2	58.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.3	14.7	25.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.4	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	39,935	19,745	20,195
Without total income	1,270	640	630
With total income	38,665	19,105	19,560
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,950	1,120	1,825
$10,000 to $19,999	4,720	1,755	2,965
$20,000 to $29,999	5,770	2,275	3,495
$30,000 to $39,999	4,665	1,990	2,680
$40,000 to $49,999	4,510	2,110	2,405
$50,000 to $59,999	3,830	1,880	1,950
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	1,795	1,255
$70,000 to $79,999	2,400	1,525	875
$80,000 to $89,999	1,805	1,180	625
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	975	490
$100,000 and over	3,505	2,505	995
$100,000 to $149,999	2,740	1,920	815
$150,000 and over	765	585	180
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	39,935	19,745	20,195
Without after-tax income	1,265	635	630
With after-tax income	38,670	19,105	19,565
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,130	1,175	1,950
$10,000 to $19,999	4,905	1,825	3,075
$20,000 to $29,999	6,480	2,590	3,890
$30,000 to $39,999	5,690	2,545	3,145
$40,000 to $49,999	5,265	2,530	2,735
$50,000 to $59,999	4,175	2,435	1,745
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	1,910	1,145
$70,000 to $79,999	2,205	1,475	730
$80,000 to $89,999	1,530	1,000	530
$90,000 to $99,999	815	555	260
$100,000 and over	1,425	1,060	365
$100,000 to $124,999	895	655	240
$125,000 and over	535	405	130
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	39,935	19,745	20,195
Without employment income	11,710	4,755	6,955
With employment income	28,225	14,990	13,235
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,405	2,370	2,040
$5,000 to $9,999	2,095	845	1,255
$10,000 to $19,999	3,190	1,285	1,900
$20,000 to $29,999	2,515	1,065	1,445
$30,000 to $39,999	2,435	1,050	1,385
$40,000 to $49,999	2,480	1,110	1,370
$50,000 to $59,999	2,385	1,285	1,095
$60,000 to $69,999	1,960	1,220	740
$70,000 to $79,999	1,625	1,105	525
$80,000 to $89,999	1,320	885	435
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	810	395
$100,000 and over	2,610	1,955	655
$100,000 to $124,999	1,535	1,105	435
$125,000 and over	1,070	850	225
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	39,940	19,740	20,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,085	18,775	19,310
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	51,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,110	18,780	19,325
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,515	17,460	17,055
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	49,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,485	15,075	13,410
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,400	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,200	16,200	17,000
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	1,480	7,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,985	1,285	1,705
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,400	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	39,940	19,740	20,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,140	18,730	19,400
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,900	39,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,155	18,735	19,420
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	48,840	34,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,485	17,405	17,080
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560	56,600	36,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,460	14,985	13,480
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	54,350	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,210	16,170	17,045
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,320	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,960	1,300	1,660
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,360	6,265	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	39,935	19,740	20,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,595	8,045	5,545
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,200	68,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	72,300	56,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,875	4,215	5,665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	30,800	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	42,120	26,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	89.2	80.4
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.8	64.8
Government transfers (%)	14.4	10.7	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,720	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,235	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,485	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,720	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,230	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,485	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,720	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	285	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	560	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	575	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	480	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	595	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	610	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	650	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,230	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,200	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,420	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,050	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,240	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,530	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,720	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	580	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	555	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	800	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,545	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,525	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,475	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,485	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,660	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,765	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,705	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,190	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,210	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,840	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,210	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,750	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,225	2,575	2,650
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,600	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,175	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,840	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,725	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,315	2,630	2,685
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,120	51,000	45,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,560	43,360	39,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	48,560	24,160	24,400
0 to 17 years	10,275	5,290	4,985
0 to 5 years	3,390	1,735	1,655
18 to 64 years	28,670	14,200	14,470
65 years and over	9,620	4,675	4,945
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,835	1,815	2,015
0 to 17 years	855	445	410
0 to 5 years	270	140	130
18 to 64 years	1,935	940	995
65 years and over	1,040	430	610
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.9	7.5	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.4	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	7.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.8	6.6	6.9
65 years and over (%)	10.8	9.2	12.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	48,565	24,165	24,405
0 to 17 years	10,275	5,290	4,985
0 to 5 years	3,385	1,735	1,655
18 to 64 years	28,670	14,195	14,475
65 years and over	9,620	4,675	4,940
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	860	465	395
0 to 17 years	145	75	65
0 to 5 years	60	30	30
18 to 64 years	595	330	260
65 years and over	115	55	65
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.4	1.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	48,560	24,160	24,400
In bottom half of the distribution	22,240	10,745	11,490
In bottom decile	3,265	1,580	1,680
In second decile	3,940	1,820	2,125
In third decile	4,610	2,245	2,360
In fourth decile	4,880	2,385	2,495
In fifth decile	5,545	2,715	2,835
In top half of the distribution	26,325	13,415	12,910
In sixth decile	5,920	2,990	2,930
In seventh decile	5,720	2,875	2,845
In eighth decile	5,690	2,920	2,770
In ninth decile	5,320	2,710	2,605
In top decile	3,675	1,920	1,755
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	48,565	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.388	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,870	24,315	24,555
English only	47,190	23,620	23,575
French only	15	0	10
English and French	1,530	635	895
Neither English nor French	130	60	70
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,870	24,315	24,555
English	48,385	24,090	24,290
French	335	155	180
English and French	25	10	15
Neither English nor French	120	50	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,870	24,315	24,555
Single responses	48,270	24,035	24,235
Official languages	45,410	22,635	22,770
English	45,020	22,450	22,565
French	390	185	205
Non-official languages	2,865	1,395	1,465
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,860	1,395	1,465
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	60	70
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	60	70
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	90	40	45
Aramaic languages	35	15	20
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	30	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	20	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	20
Tamil	15	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,300	1,140	1,155
Albanian	10	10	5
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	205	220
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	415	195	220
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	5
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	170	75	95
Russian	30	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	50	30	25
Serbian	25	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10
Ukrainian	50	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	855	405	450
Frisian	30	15	15
High German languages	225	105	115
German	215	105	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	580	270	305
Afrikaans	5	0	5
Dutch	565	270	295
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15
Danish	10	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	275	130	140
Indo-Aryan languages	245	115	125
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	35	15	20
Hindi	10	5	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	125	50	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	695	375	320
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	185	110	80
Portuguese	265	145	120
Romanian	35	20	20
Spanish	215	105	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	35
Chinese languages	70	35	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	40	40
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	5	5	5
Hungarian	65	30	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	600	280	315
English and French	150	60	90
English and non-official language(s)	395	190	200
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,870	24,315	24,555
English	46,330	23,125	23,205
French	50	20	30
Non-official language	450	220	235
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	450	220	235
English and French	270	120	150
English and non-official language(s)	1,680	790	890
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,870	24,315	24,555
Single responses	48,495	24,140	24,355
Official languages	47,680	23,740	23,940
English	47,600	23,705	23,890
French	80	35	45
Non-official languages	810	400	415
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	400	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	85	40	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	25
Aramaic languages	30	15	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	10
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	555	270	290
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	45	65
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	110	45	65
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	25	20
Russian	15	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	25	30
Frisian	5	0	0
High German languages	25	15	10
German	25	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	190	90	100
Indo-Aryan languages	170	75	90
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	25	10	15
Hindi	10	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	100	45	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	15	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	10	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5
Portuguese	60	30	30
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	115	60	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	0
American Sign Language	10	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	25	20
Chinese languages	40	25	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	20	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	375	175	195
English and French	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	330	160	175
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,870	24,315	24,555
None	47,155	23,520	23,635
English	320	155	170
French	220	95	125
Non-official language	1,000	470	535
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5
Non-Indigenous	990	465	525
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	55
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	48,565	24,160	24,400
Official languages	48,425	24,095	24,330
English	48,400	24,085	24,315
French	1,535	660	875
Non-official languages	3,975	1,865	2,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,950	1,855	2,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	100	75
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	100	75
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	155	85	65
Aramaic languages	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	25	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	55	25	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	65	115
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	165	55	110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	35	15	15
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	15	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,150	1,490	1,660
Albanian	10	10	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	590	250	335
Baltic languages	20	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15
Slavic languages	565	245	325
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	30	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	210	80	130
Russian	80	40	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	140	60	80
Bosnian	30	10	20
Croatian	55	30	30
Serbian	50	25	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	0	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0
Ukrainian	85	35	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	15	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,060	485	575
Frisian	85	45	40
High German languages	360	170	190
German	360	170	190
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	695	305	390
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	675	290	385
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	430	200	230
Indo-Aryan languages	390	175	210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	15	10	10
Hindi	125	75	55
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	60	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	235	95	145
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	30	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,075	545	535
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	330	180	150
Portuguese	360	180	180
Romanian	25	15	10
Spanish	400	185	215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	10	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	25	45
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	10	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	15	35
American Sign Language	35	0	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	60	55
Chinese languages	115	60	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	120	55	65
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	20	0	15
Hungarian	100	50	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	48,565	24,160	24,400
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,890	990	900
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,830	970	865
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,495	795	695
Métis	335	170	165
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	15	30
Non-Indigenous identity	46,675	23,175	23,500
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	48,565	24,160	24,400
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,015	500	510
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	47,550	23,660	23,890
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,720	...	...
Owner	15,915	...	...
Renter	2,805	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,720	...	...
Condominium	745	...	...
Not condominium	17,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,720	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...
1 bedroom	1,270	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,405	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,320	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,675	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,720	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,545	...	...
5 rooms	2,270	...	...
6 rooms	3,115	...	...
7 rooms	3,105	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,685	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,720	...	...
One person or fewer per room	18,555	...	...
More than one person per room	165	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,720	...	...
Suitable	18,105	...	...
Not suitable	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,720	...	...
1960 or before	6,005	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,570	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,175	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,290	...	...
2001 to 2005	910	...	...
2006 to 2010	715	...	...
2011 to 2015	600	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,720	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	17,600	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,120	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,720	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,480	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,615	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	625	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,720	...	...
15 to 24 years	205	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,210	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,815	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,130	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,390	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,505	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,840	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,110	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,050	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,845	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,715	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,750	...	...
Not suitable only	490	...	...
Major repairs needed only	820	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	240	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,300	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,905	...	...
In core need	835	...	...
Not in core need	17,070	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,370	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,408	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	626,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,780	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,136	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	48,560	24,165	24,400
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	715	380	340
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	710	380	335
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	620	335	285
Métis single ancestry	95	45	50
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,745	910	840
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,720	885	835
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,350	695	655
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	360	190	175
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	25	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	46,100	22,875	23,225
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	48,565	24,165	24,400
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	47,555	23,665	23,890
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,195	5,305	4,895
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	37,355	18,360	19,000
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,010	500	510
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	48,565	24,165	24,400
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	44,130	22,035	22,095
Immigrants⁸¹	4,295	2,045	2,245
Before 1980	2,155	1,005	1,150
1980 to 1990	565	280	280
1991 to 2000	495	215	285
2001 to 2010	545	270	275
2011 to 2021⁸²	535	280	255
2011 to 2015	305	145	160
2016 to 2021	230	135	95
Non-permanent residents⁸³	140	80	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,290	2,045	2,250
Under 5 years	685	295	390
5 to 14 years	1,235	565	670
15 to 24 years	870	425	445
25 to 44 years	1,320	675	645
45 years and over	190	95	90
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,290	2,045	2,250
Americas	745	295	450
Brazil	10	0	0
Colombia	60	15	45
El Salvador	25	25	0
Guyana	20	10	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	55	50
Mexico	35	15	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	105	40	65
United States of America	260	70	190
Other places of birth in Americas	115	65	50
Europe	2,710	1,345	1,370
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15
Croatia	50	25	20
France	15	10	0
Germany	175	75	100
Greece	15	15	0
Hungary	55	30	30
Italy	160	100	60
Netherlands	520	250	270
Poland	115	50	70
Portugal	240	130	110
Romania	40	25	15
Russian Federation	30	15	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Ukraine	35	15	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,055	500	550
Other places of birth in Europe	180	95	85
Africa	135	70	60
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	25	40
Asia	675	315	365
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	45	30	20
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	15	10
China⁹⁰	70	35	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	115	40	80
Viet Nam	35	20	10
Bangladesh	25	10	15
India	120	60	60
Pakistan	120	60	60
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	230	135	95
Americas	40	10	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15
Europe	45	45	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	125	70	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	40	25	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	35	20	15
Philippines	15	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	48,565	24,160	24,400
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,715	2,245	2,465
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,570	4,085	4,480
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,280	17,825	17,455
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,140	1,045	1,100
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,025	530	490
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	395	245	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	635	290	340
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	725	330	395
Refugees¹⁰⁸	330	150	180
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,140	1,045	1,100
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	160	60	105
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	265	165	100
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	70	35	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	35	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	0	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,540	745	800
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	48,565	24,160	24,400
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,605	1,185	1,420
South Asian	620	285	330
Chinese	165	90	70
Black	745	350	395
Filipino	245	90	150
Arab	145	70	75
Latin American	210	95	115
Southeast Asian	105	45	65
West Asian	55	35	20
Korean	50	20	30
Japanese	20	20	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	20	80
Multiple visible minorities	145	60	85
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	45,955	22,980	22,980
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	48,565	24,160	24,405
Canadian	8,770	4,530	4,230
English	14,785	7,155	7,630
Irish	9,495	4,515	4,980
Scottish	11,220	5,440	5,775
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,045	1,470	1,575
German	7,670	3,880	3,795
Chinese	280	140	140
Italian	2,500	1,315	1,190
Indian (India)	260	120	135
Ukrainian	1,555	745	810
Dutch	6,365	3,205	3,160
Polish	1,755	805	945
Québécois	105	50	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,105	1,040	1,065
Filipino	275	100	170
French Canadian	605	250	345
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	780	390	390
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,070	595	480
Métis	485	255	235
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	680	340	340
Russian	390	175	215
Norwegian	315	145	175
Welsh	855	400	455
Portuguese	840	440	400
American	605	305	300
Spanish	190	120	70
Swedish	250	110	140
Hungarian	890	385	510
Acadian	110	70	35
Pakistani	180	65	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	105	90
Jewish	75	55	20
Punjabi	75	40	30
Vietnamese	110	45	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	20
Greek	165	65	95
Jamaican	180	80	105
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	85	50	40
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	15
Korean	45	15	25
Romanian	220	115	105
Lebanese	70	35	40
Iranian	15	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	125	105
Danish	170	75	95
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	305	150	155
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	330	165	165
Belgian	205	80	125
Haitian	10	0	10
Hindu	25	20	10
Mexican	50	25	25
Mennonite	45	35	10
Swiss	265	155	115
Finnish	120	40	80
Sri Lankan	40	15	20
Croatian	290	145	145
Japanese	30	20	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	25	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	140	65	75
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	40	35
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	55	15	35
Colombian	115	50	65
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	150	85	70
Syrian	45	15	35
Guyanese	50	25	30
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	30
Serbian	130	60	70
Ojibway	80	45	40
Newfoundlander	70	45	30
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	240	135	105
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	30	75
Turkish	40	25	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	30	15	15
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	0
Nigerian	30	25	0
Armenian	35	20	20
Slovak	170	65	105
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	35	35
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	50	20	30
Salvadorean	15	0	10
African Caribbean	30	10	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	35	40
Algonquin	25	15	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	25	30
Lithuanian	90	30	60
South African	10	0	0
Australian	30	10	20
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	95	40	50
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	35	15	20
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	10	0
Maltese	50	15	30
Macedonian	50	25	15
Slovenian	130	70	60
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	0
New Brunswicker	45	30	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	180	90	95
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	50	50
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	60	20	40
African American	10	0	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	40	40
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	10	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	70	40	30
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0
Latvian	35	20	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	55	20	40
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	85	40	50
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	15
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	10	10	0
Estonian	15	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	45	20	25
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	60	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	230	120	110
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	0	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	40	15	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	50	35	20
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	0	20
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	30	15	15
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	30	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	48,560	24,160	24,400
Buddhist	90	50	40
Christian	29,380	13,910	15,465
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,945	2,400	2,545
Anabaptist	180	95	90
Anglican	2,915	1,320	1,590
Baptist	1,085	495	590
Catholic	9,125	4,480	4,645
Christian Orthodox	315	150	160
Jehovah's Witness	175	90	85
Latter Day Saints	80	40	40
Lutheran	895	400	495
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	25	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875	385	490
Presbyterian	1,430	635	795
Reformed	1,775	875	900
United Church	3,935	1,740	2,195
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,595	775	820
Hindu	85	50	35
Jewish	70	35	30
Muslim	450	195	255
Sikh	50	35	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	50	30
Other religions and spiritual traditions	155	40	110
No religion and secular perspectives	18,200	9,790	8,410
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	48,105	23,935	24,170
Non-movers	44,225	22,100	22,125
Movers	3,880	1,830	2,050
Non-migrants	1,160	560	600
Migrants	2,720	1,275	1,445
Internal migrants	2,670	1,250	1,415
Intraprovincial migrants	2,605	1,215	1,390
Interprovincial migrants	65	35	30
External migrants	50	20	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,920	22,880	23,035
Non-movers	30,850	15,545	15,300
Movers	15,070	7,330	7,735
Non-migrants	4,620	2,300	2,320
Migrants	10,450	5,035	5,415
Internal migrants	10,165	4,885	5,275
Intraprovincial migrants	9,860	4,770	5,095
Interprovincial migrants	300	120	185
External migrants	290	150	140
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,940	19,740	20,195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,040	4,645	3,395
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,895	15,100	16,800
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,085	12,275	12,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,045	1,840	1,210
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,035	10,435	11,600
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,940	19,745	20,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,120	4,045	3,070
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,950	6,390	6,560
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,870	9,305	10,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,010	7,560	7,455
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,690	2,930	755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,410	965	445
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	1,965	305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,765	4,365	6,400
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	560	260	300
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,855	1,745	3,110
Bachelor's degree	3,595	1,235	2,360
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	350	145	210
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	35
Master's degree	760	290	465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	35	45
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,085	12,275	12,810
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,585	1,560	1,025
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,735	4,075	3,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,770	6,650	8,125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,075	5,455	5,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,525	2,025	495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	925	635	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,600	1,390	210
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,190	3,260	4,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	170	190
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,700	1,190	2,505
Bachelor's degree	2,735	860	1,870
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	90	160
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	20	25
Master's degree	600	195	400
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	25	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,935	19,745	20,195
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,070	10,440	9,630
Education	1,065	195	870
13. Education	1,065	195	870
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	550	205	340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	45	30
50. Visual and performing arts	480	165	310
Humanities	845	295	555
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	50
23. English language and literature/letters	200	40	160
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	50	135
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	50
54. History	160	80	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,095	475	1,620
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	70	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	670	35	635
22. Legal professions and studies	335	70	265
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	45
42. Psychology	260	25	235
45. Social sciences	580	265	320
Business, management and public administration	3,155	870	2,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	30	380
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,740	840	1,900
Physical and life sciences and technologies	495	245	245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	200	75	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	50	60
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	135	105	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	365	240	120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	200	85
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	30	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,355	5,075	280
04. Architecture and related services	130	90	35
14. Engineering	255	220	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,245	1,120	125
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,180	1,160	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,860	1,820	35
48. Precision production	695	670	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	435	315
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	620	350	265
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	80	45
Health and related fields	3,455	430	3,020
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	310	105	200
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,125	315	2,815
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	820	905
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	805	110	700
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	560	365	195
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	335	15
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,085	12,275	12,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,315	5,630	4,685
Education	645	95	540
13. Education	645	95	540
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	120	265
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	30
50. Visual and performing arts	335	95	235
Humanities	600	200	400
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35
23. English language and literature/letters	155	30	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	40	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	50	35
54. History	105	40	60
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,665	345	1,325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	60	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	25	505
22. Legal professions and studies	260	50	210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	45
42. Psychology	205	0	205
45. Social sciences	440	195	250
Business, management and public administration	2,515	650	1,865
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	25	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,150	620	1,530
Physical and life sciences and technologies	405	190	220
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	60	115
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	90	65	25
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	245	160	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	145	65
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,885	3,645	245
04. Architecture and related services	100	65	30
14. Engineering	170	140	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	925	820	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	850	830	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,310	30
48. Precision production	500	480	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	280	255
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	220	225
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	60	35
Health and related fields	2,575	350	2,225
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	225	85	140
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,330	260	2,075
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,305	610	695
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	70	505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	450	285	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	275	260	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	25,085	12,275	12,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,315	5,630	4,685
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,770	6,645	8,125
Location of study inside Canada	13,905	6,265	7,640
Same as province or territory of residence	13,555	6,105	7,440
Different than province or territory of residence	350	160	190
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	865	375	490
Americas	335	110	225
United States of America	280	80	195
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	15	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	265	145	120
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	10	0
Germany	15	0	10
Netherlands	15	0	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0
Africa	20	10	10
Nigeria	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	215	105	115
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	0	10
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	50	20	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	55	30	25
Pakistan	40	30	20
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	0
Oceania	25	10	20
Australia	15	0	10
New Zealand	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	39,940	19,740	20,190
In the labour force	24,680	12,935	11,745
Employed	22,615	12,010	10,605
Unemployed	2,060	925	1,140
Not in the labour force	15,255	6,810	8,445
Participation rate	61.8	65.5	58.2
Employment rate	56.6	60.8	52.5
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.2	9.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	39,935	19,745	20,195
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,950	6,690	8,255
Worked	24,985	13,050	11,935
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,050	8,335	5,720
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,935	4,715	6,220
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.8	43.9	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	24,680	12,935	11,745
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560
Employee	20,645	10,525	10,125
Permanent position	18,085	9,355	8,725
Temporary position	2,565	1,170	1,395
Fixed term (1 year or more)	730	325	400
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,840	845	990
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,675	2,245	1,440
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	24,680	12,935	11,745
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185
All occupations¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	125	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,375	680	2,695
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,090	825	270
3 Health occupations	1,830	205	1,625
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,455	660	1,800
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	460	155	310
6 Sales and service occupations	5,430	2,005	3,420
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,255	5,805	455
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,530	1,050	475
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,710	1,250	460
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	24,680	12,935	11,745
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	165	185
All industries¹⁹¹	24,330	12,765	11,560
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,345	800	545
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	85	0
22 Utilities	240	175	65
23 Construction	2,900	2,580	315
31-33 Manufacturing	3,310	2,515	795
41 Wholesale trade	935	680	260
44-45 Retail trade	2,720	1,140	1,580
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,190	900	285
51 Information and cultural industries	195	100	90
52 Finance and insurance	605	195	405
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	310	130	180
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	905	335	565
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,070	640	430
61 Educational services	1,590	380	1,205
62 Health care and social assistance	3,085	310	2,775
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	145	220
72 Accommodation and food services	1,105	405	695
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,260	680	580
91 Public administration	1,090	545	540
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	26,620	13,900	12,720
English	26,175	13,720	12,455
French	45	15	35
Non-official language	40	25	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	15
English and French	135	40	95
English and non-official language(s)	205	90	110
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	26,620	13,900	12,720
Single responses	26,575	13,885	12,685
Official languages	26,515	13,855	12,665
English	26,455	13,840	12,615
French	60	15	45
Non-official languages	55	30	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	0
Chinese languages	20	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	45	15	30
English and French	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	26,620	13,900	12,720
None	26,310	13,775	12,530
English	25	0	25
French	110	40	70
Non-official language	150	55	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	50	90
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	22,615	12,010	10,605
Worked at home	3,720	1,400	2,325
Worked outside Canada	40	40	0
No fixed workplace address	3,400	2,705	695
Usual place of work	15,455	7,870	7,585
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	15,455	7,870	7,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,255	3,385	3,865
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	595	180	410
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,560	4,265	3,295
Commute to a different province or territory	40	35	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	18,855	10,570	8,280
Car, truck or van	17,770	10,105	7,660
Car, truck or van - as a driver	16,750	9,615	7,135
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,015	490	525
Public transit	55	15	40
Walked	710	310	400
Bicycle	35	15	25
Other method	280	130	155
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	18,855	10,570	8,280
Less than 15 minutes	5,335	2,475	2,860
15 to 29 minutes	4,420	2,345	2,070
30 to 44 minutes	4,435	2,530	1,905
45 to 59 minutes	2,470	1,605	865
60 minutes and over	2,195	1,615	575
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	18,855	10,570	8,280
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,435	1,860	580
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,070	2,685	1,380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,755	2,520	2,235
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,090	1,150	1,945
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,570	585	985
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,925	1,775	1,150
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,475	5,385	5,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540	260	275
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,935	5,125	4,810
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,480	3,850	3,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	390	185	210
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	80	100
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	105	105
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,090	3,665	3,425

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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