Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Norfolk County, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	67,490^E
Population, 2016¹	64,044
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.4^E
Total private dwellings²	30,085
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	27,594
Population density per square kilometre	42.2
Land area in square kilometres	1,597.68
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	67,490
0 to 14 years	10,290
0 to 4 years	3,165
5 to 9 years	3,640
10 to 14 years	3,490
15 to 64 years	39,755
15 to 19 years	3,460
20 to 24 years	3,195
25 to 29 years	3,340
30 to 34 years	3,690
35 to 39 years	3,685
40 to 44 years	3,470
45 to 49 years	3,410
50 to 54 years	4,140
55 to 59 years	5,400
60 to 64 years	5,955
65 years and over	17,450
65 to 69 years	5,730
70 to 74 years	4,730
75 to 79 years	3,205
80 to 84 years	1,930
85 years and over	1,855
85 to 89 years	1,175
90 to 94 years	550
95 to 99 years	120
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2
15 to 64 years	58.9
65 years and over	25.9
85 years and over	2.7
Average age of the population	45.5
Median age of the population	48.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	27,595
Single-detached house	22,815
Semi-detached house	770
Row house	940
Apartment or flat in a duplex	565
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,890
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	390
Other single-attached house	90
Movable dwelling⁴	130
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	27,595
1 person	7,370
2 persons	11,155
3 persons	3,640
4 persons	3,295
5 or more persons	2,140
Number of persons in private households	66,225
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	57,200
Married or living common-law	35,240
Married	29,140
Living common-law	6,095
Living common law - Never married	3,555
Living common law - Separated	460
Living common law - Divorced	1,805
Living common law - Widowed	270
Not married and not living common-law	21,960
Not married and not living common law - Never married	12,600
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,740
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,490
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,130
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,055
2 persons	11,795
3 persons	3,540
4 persons	3,070
5 or more persons	1,645
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,055
Total couple families	17,290
Married couples	14,245
With children⁶	6,095
Without children	8,150
Common-law couples	3,045
With children⁶	1,170
Without children	1,880
Total one-parent families	2,765
in which the parent is a woman+	2,065
in which the parent is a man+	700
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	66,225
Total - Persons in census families	56,015
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,580
Parents in one-parent families	2,765
Children⁶	18,670
In a two-parent family	14,550
In a one-parent family	4,120
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,210
Living alone	7,365
Living with other relatives⁷	1,225
Living with non-relatives only	1,615
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	27,595
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,985
Couple-family households	15,875
With children⁶	6,650
Without children	9,225
One-parent-family households	2,110
Multigenerational households⁸	690
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	710
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	700
One-person households	7,370
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	55,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,535
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,585
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,320
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,780
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,255
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,440
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	55,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,545
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,605
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,360
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,120
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,875
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,340
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,210
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,310
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,120
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	55,980
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,710
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,300
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	55,980
Without total income	1,445
With total income	54,535
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,060
$10,000 to $19,999	7,335
$20,000 to $29,999	8,895
$30,000 to $39,999	7,145
$40,000 to $49,999	6,365
$50,000 to $59,999	5,435
$60,000 to $69,999	4,115
$70,000 to $79,999	3,035
$80,000 to $89,999	2,275
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705
$100,000 and over	4,175
$100,000 to $149,999	3,080
$150,000 and over	1,095
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	55,980
Without after-tax income	1,390
With after-tax income	54,590
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,425
$10,000 to $19,999	7,560
$20,000 to $29,999	10,040
$30,000 to $39,999	8,320
$40,000 to $49,999	7,690
$50,000 to $59,999	5,440
$60,000 to $69,999	3,930
$70,000 to $79,999	2,605
$80,000 to $89,999	1,795
$90,000 to $99,999	930
$100,000 and over	1,850
$100,000 to $124,999	1,020
$125,000 and over	830
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	55,980
Without employment income	18,860
With employment income	37,120
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,700
$5,000 to $9,999	2,885
$10,000 to $19,999	4,465
$20,000 to $29,999	3,520
$30,000 to $39,999	3,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,550
$50,000 to $59,999	3,125
$60,000 to $69,999	2,340
$70,000 to $79,999	1,825
$80,000 to $89,999	1,470
$90,000 to $99,999	1,235
$100,000 and over	2,760
$100,000 to $124,999	1,550
$125,000 and over	1,210
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	55,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,845
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	53,885
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,130
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,485
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,595
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	55,980
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,815
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	53,860
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,185
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,385
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,645
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,070
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,575
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	55,980
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	16,630
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	13,555
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0
Employment income (%)	62.8
Government transfers (%)	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	27,595
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,370
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,225
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	27,595
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,500
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,370
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,440
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,220
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,300
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	27,595
Under $5,000	185
$5,000 to $9,999	95
$10,000 to $14,999	280
$15,000 to $19,999	550
$20,000 to $24,999	1,045
$25,000 to $29,999	1,045
$30,000 to $34,999	860
$35,000 to $39,999	1,035
$40,000 to $44,999	1,080
$45,000 to $49,999	1,055
$50,000 to $59,999	2,250
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115
$70,000 to $79,999	1,890
$80,000 to $89,999	1,870
$90,000 to $99,999	1,765
$100,000 and over	10,465
$100,000 to $124,999	3,645
$125,000 to $149,999	2,445
$150,000 to $199,999	2,575
$200,000 and over	1,805
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	27,595
Under $5,000	230
$5,000 to $9,999	110
$10,000 to $14,999	285
$15,000 to $19,999	565
$20,000 to $24,999	1,090
$25,000 to $29,999	1,185
$30,000 to $34,999	975
$35,000 to $39,999	1,190
$40,000 to $44,999	1,305
$45,000 to $49,999	1,285
$50,000 to $59,999	2,575
$60,000 to $69,999	2,465
$70,000 to $79,999	2,280
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175
$90,000 to $99,999	1,890
$100,000 and over	7,970
$100,000 to $124,999	3,410
$125,000 to $149,999	2,025
$150,000 and over	2,535
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,720
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,290
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,380
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,500
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,980
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,700
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,275
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,420
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,425
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,890
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	66,225
0 to 17 years	12,360
0 to 5 years	3,850
18 to 64 years	37,115
65 years and over	16,755
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,600
0 to 17 years	1,250
0 to 5 years	450
18 to 64 years	3,385
65 years and over	1,960
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.0
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1
65 years and over (%)	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	66,225
0 to 17 years	12,355
0 to 5 years	3,850
18 to 64 years	37,115
65 years and over	16,750
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,600
0 to 17 years	235
0 to 5 years	80
18 to 64 years	1,215
65 years and over	155
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3
65 years and over (%)	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	66,225
In bottom half of the distribution	34,205
In bottom decile	5,480
In second decile	6,905
In third decile	7,135
In fourth decile	7,330
In fifth decile	7,365
In top half of the distribution	32,015
In sixth decile	7,425
In seventh decile	7,080
In eighth decile	6,955
In ninth decile	6,075
In top decile	4,485
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	66,225
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	66,975
English only	64,315
French only	10
English and French	2,215
Neither English nor French	435
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	66,975
English	65,995
French	515
English and French	30
Neither English nor French	430
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	66,975
Single responses	66,095
Official languages	59,240
English	58,670
French	565
Non-official languages	6,865
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,855
Afro-Asiatic languages	80
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	80
Amharic	0
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	20
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	5
Vietnamese	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	150
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	10
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,025
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	625
Baltic languages	35
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	590
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	10
Czech	20
Macedonian	5
Polish	265
Russian	45
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	65
Bosnian	0
Croatian	50
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	145
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	4,120
Frisian	25
High German languages	2,020
German	2,000
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,040
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	570
Low German, n.o.s.	145
Low Saxon	50
Plautdietsch	1,060
Vlaams (Flemish)	205
Scandinavian languages	30
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	30
Indo-Iranian languages	155
Indo-Aryan languages	135
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	25
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	25
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080
Catalan	0
Italian	165
Portuguese	655
Romanian	25
Spanish	235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	50
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110
Chinese languages	105
Hakka	0
Mandarin	50
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	5
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	300
Estonian	5
Finnish	5
Hungarian	290
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	875
English and French	150
English and non-official language(s)	665
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	66,975
English	61,370
French	70
Non-official language	1,805
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,805
English and French	315
English and non-official language(s)	3,285
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	60
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	66,975
Single responses	66,325
Official languages	63,575
English	63,470
French	100
Non-official languages	2,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,745
Afro-Asiatic languages	15
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	15
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	60
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	15
Tamil	5
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,430
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	155
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	155
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	5
Macedonian	0
Polish	65
Russian	30
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,725
Frisian	5
High German languages	895
German	890
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	825
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	90
Low Saxon	30
Plautdietsch	625
Vlaams (Flemish)	10
Scandinavian languages	5
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	10
Indo-Iranian languages	90
Indo-Aryan languages	70
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	445
Catalan	0
Italian	15
Portuguese	270
Romanian	10
Spanish	160
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	75
Chinese languages	75
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	55
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	55
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	650
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	590
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	66,975
None	63,825
English	860
French	255
Non-official language	1,840
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	1,830
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	105
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	66,225
Official languages	65,815
English	65,795
French	2,220
Non-official languages	8,825
Indigenous languages³⁹	65
Algonquian languages	10
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	35
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	35
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	70
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	70
Amharic	0
Arabic	35
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	30
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	220
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	10
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	50
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	95
Kannada	0
Malayalam	10
Tamil	90
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	7,645
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	810
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	755
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	25
Macedonian	0
Polish	360
Russian	95
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	90
Bosnian	0
Croatian	50
Serbian	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	15
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5,130
Frisian	15
High German languages	2,775
German	2,760
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	45
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,395
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	600
Low German, n.o.s.	245
Low Saxon	125
Plautdietsch	1,245
Vlaams (Flemish)	240
Scandinavian languages	50
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	160
Indo-Aryan languages	145
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	25
Hindi	50
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,680
Catalan	0
Italian	240
Portuguese	910
Romanian	40
Spanish	545
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	25
Korean	100
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	25
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	75
American Sign Language	55
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	105
Chinese languages	105
Hakka	0
Mandarin	70
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	10
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	405
Estonian	15
Finnish	10
Hungarian	380
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	66,225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,120
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,005
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,515
Métis	485
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95
Non-Indigenous identity	64,105
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	66,225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	980
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	65,250
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	27,595
Owner	22,510
Renter	5,080
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	27,595
Condominium	1,455
Not condominium	26,135
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	27,595
No bedrooms	130
1 bedroom	1,815
2 bedrooms	6,735
3 bedrooms	11,765
4 or more bedrooms	7,155
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	27,595
1 to 4 rooms	3,915
5 rooms	3,800
6 rooms	4,695
7 rooms	4,390
8 or more rooms	10,795
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	27,595
One person or fewer per room	27,415
More than one person per room	180
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	27,595
Suitable	26,695
Not suitable	905
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	27,595
1960 or before	10,055
1961 to 1980	7,045
1981 to 1990	2,610
1991 to 2000	2,275
2001 to 2005	1,275
2006 to 2010	1,310
2011 to 2015	1,330
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,695
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	27,595
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,990
Major repairs needed	1,600
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	27,595
One-maintainer household	13,555
Two-maintainer household	13,275
Three-or-more-maintainer household	765
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	27,595
15 to 24 years	330
25 to 34 years	2,730
35 to 44 years	3,560
45 to 54 years	4,130
55 to 64 years	6,220
65 to 74 years	6,155
75 to 84 years	3,205
85 years and over	1,270
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,845
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,665
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,180
30% to less than 100%	3,820
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	27,595
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,120
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,720
Not suitable only	745
Major repairs needed only	1,120
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	375
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	80
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	21,475
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	26,485
In core need	1,600
Not in core need	24,885
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,860
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	567,500
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,035
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.1
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,027
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	66,225
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	730
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	725
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	600
Métis single ancestry	110
Inuit single ancestry	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,070
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,060
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,685
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	370
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	63,430
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	66,225
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	64,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,185
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	52,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,420
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	66,225
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	58,905
Immigrants⁸¹	7,080
Before 1980	3,490
1980 to 1990	1,030
1991 to 2000	900
2001 to 2010	860
2011 to 2021⁸²	800
2011 to 2015	285
2016 to 2021	520
Non-permanent residents⁸³	245
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,075
Under 5 years	1,050
5 to 14 years	1,820
15 to 24 years	1,770
25 to 44 years	2,080
45 years and over	360
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,075
Americas	2,160
Brazil	35
Colombia	0
El Salvador	10
Guyana	20
Haiti	0
Jamaica	155
Mexico	1,310
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	75
United States of America	395
Other places of birth in Americas	155
Europe	4,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	70
France	20
Germany	350
Greece	15
Hungary	160
Italy	110
Netherlands	475
Poland	220
Portugal	540
Romania	30
Russian Federation	25
Serbia⁸⁶	65
Ukraine	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,345
Other places of birth in Europe	625
Africa	120
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	75
Other places of birth in Africa	40
Asia	690
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	25
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	15
Korea, South⁹²	70
Taiwan	0
Philippines	225
Viet Nam	35
Bangladesh	0
India	120
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	20
Other places of birth in Asia	65
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	520
Americas	290
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	70
Mexico	160
United States of America	50
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	55
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	165
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	55
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	85
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	66,225
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,045
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,940
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,245
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,585
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,550
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	545
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,010
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,650
Refugees¹⁰⁸	325
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,585
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	150
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,500
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	66,225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,225
South Asian	345
Chinese	205
Black	650
Filipino	260
Arab	40
Latin American	245
Southeast Asian	110
West Asian	40
Korean	110
Japanese	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45
Multiple visible minorities	155
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,000
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	66,225
Canadian	12,595
English	18,845
Irish	11,445
Scottish	12,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,535
German	9,550
Chinese	275
Italian	1,795
Indian (India)	245
Ukrainian	2,480
Dutch	5,035
Polish	2,550
Québécois	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,065
Filipino	310
French Canadian	660
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	945
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,095
Métis	490
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	915
Russian	985
Norwegian	370
Welsh	1,155
Portuguese	1,405
American	785
Spanish	245
Swedish	355
Hungarian	2,965
Acadian	120
Pakistani	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55
Jewish	90
Punjabi	55
Vietnamese	50
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0
Greek	205
Jamaican	455
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90
Korean	115
Romanian	495
Lebanese	75
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290
Danish	210
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	325
Sikh	10
Austrian	385
Belgian	3,700
Haitian	0
Hindu	0
Mexican	2,175
Mennonite	1,920
Swiss	330
Finnish	95
Sri Lankan	15
Croatian	275
Japanese	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95
Muslim	55
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15
Tamil	75
Icelandic	65
Colombian	10
Moroccan	0
Czech	245
Syrian	15
Guyanese	20
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	110
Serbian	105
Ojibway	70
Newfoundlander	140
Hong Konger	15
Ontarian	515
Persian	15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100
Turkish	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	75
Nigerian	0
Armenian	55
Slovak	190
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	20
Salvadorean	10
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10
Algonquin	40
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	175
South African	65
Australian	35
Palestinian	0
Chilean	30
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	70
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	20
Maltese	180
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	95
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50
New Brunswicker	40
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	35
Israeli	0
Mohawk	320
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100
Bulgarian	45
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	60
African American	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10
Cuban	35
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	45
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	90
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	15
Estonian	25
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	130
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	235
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	10
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	40
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	10
Honduran	0
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	95
United Empire Loyalist	95
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	35
Sicilian	10
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	20
Burmese	0
Mongolian	10
Azorean	10
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	10
Costa Rican	25
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	66,225
Buddhist	95
Christian	41,905
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,630
Anabaptist	2,110
Anglican	3,965
Baptist	2,975
Catholic	14,290
Christian Orthodox	270
Jehovah's Witness	250
Latter Day Saints	90
Lutheran	690
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	240
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	800
Presbyterian	1,540
Reformed	670
United Church	5,410
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,970
Hindu	145
Jewish	60
Muslim	110
Sikh	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220
No religion and secular perspectives	23,595
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	65,620
Non-movers	59,995
Movers	5,625
Non-migrants	2,090
Migrants	3,540
Internal migrants	3,335
Intraprovincial migrants	3,195
Interprovincial migrants	140
External migrants	200
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	62,960
Non-movers	42,510
Movers	20,450
Non-migrants	7,420
Migrants	13,030
Internal migrants	12,435
Intraprovincial migrants	11,960
Interprovincial migrants	480
External migrants	600
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,980
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,735
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,310
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	27,355
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,980
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,880
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,410
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,435
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,405
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,950
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,250
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	785
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,975
Bachelor's degree	5,070
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	175
Master's degree	1,000
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,645
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,965
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,315
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,800
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,615
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,650
Bachelor's degree	3,445
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125
Master's degree	640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,980
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,570
Education	1,730
13. Education	1,730
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	800
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70
50. Visual and performing arts	730
Humanities	1,135
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50
23. English language and literature/letters	220
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115
39. Theology and religious vocations	185
54. History	205
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,715
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920
22. Legal professions and studies	360
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	365
45. Social sciences	735
Business, management and public administration	4,285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	550
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,730
Physical and life sciences and technologies	610
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	380
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	80
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,300
04. Architecture and related services	125
14. Engineering	420
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,360
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,850
48. Precision production	905
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,200
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930
03. Natural resources and conservation	265
Health and related fields	4,775
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,305
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,320
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	660
49. Transportation and materials moving	475
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,705
Education	900
13. Education	900
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	555
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45
50. Visual and performing arts	510
Humanities	685
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60
39. Theology and religious vocations	100
54. History	105
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,025
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	255
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	745
22. Legal professions and studies	265
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30
42. Psychology	215
45. Social sciences	500
Business, management and public administration	2,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,520
Physical and life sciences and technologies	380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,240
04. Architecture and related services	95
14. Engineering	245
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,030
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	880
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,320
48. Precision production	665
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	860
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	665
03. Natural resources and conservation	185
Health and related fields	3,280
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	300
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,730
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	825
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	550
49. Transportation and materials moving	350
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	32,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,705
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,970
Location of study inside Canada	16,925
Same as province or territory of residence	16,360
Different than province or territory of residence	560
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,045
Americas	330
United States of America	300
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	10
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15
Europe	365
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	0
Netherlands	35
Switzerland	30
Hungary	30
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	35
Romania	15
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	35
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	20
Africa	40
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other locations of study in Africa	15
Asia	230
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	30
Philippines	95
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	65
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	80
Australia	70
New Zealand	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	55,980
In the labour force	31,615
Employed	28,395
Unemployed	3,220
Not in the labour force	24,365
Participation rate	56.5
Employment rate	50.7
Unemployment rate	10.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	55,980
Did not work¹⁸⁶	23,615
Worked	32,365
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,185
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	31,620
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	625
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	30,990
Employee	26,015
Permanent position	22,330
Temporary position	3,685
Fixed term (1 year or more)	855
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,830
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,975
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	31,620
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	625
All occupations¹⁹¹	30,990
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	245
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,865
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,260
3 Health occupations	2,275
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,815
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	545
6 Sales and service occupations	6,715
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,685
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,275
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,325
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	31,620
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	625
All industries¹⁹¹	30,990
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,570
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135
22 Utilities	215
23 Construction	3,020
31-33 Manufacturing	5,530
41 Wholesale trade	1,040
44-45 Retail trade	3,390
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,675
51 Information and cultural industries	290
52 Finance and insurance	625
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	425
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,125
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,120
61 Educational services	1,700
62 Health care and social assistance	3,695
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	420
72 Accommodation and food services	1,465
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,375
91 Public administration	1,160
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	34,525
English	33,725
French	55
Non-official language	155
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	155
English and French	175
English and non-official language(s)	385
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	34,525
Single responses	34,470
Official languages	34,215
English	34,135
French	80
Non-official languages	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	245
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	190
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	140
Frisian	0
High German languages	45
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40
Chinese languages	40
Hakka	0
Mandarin	25
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	60
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	34,525
None	33,995
English	110
French	135
Non-official language	250
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	250
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,395
Worked at home	4,605
Worked outside Canada	55
No fixed workplace address	3,775
Usual place of work	19,970
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	19,970
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,845
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,805
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	7,300
Commute to a different province or territory	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,740
Car, truck or van	22,415
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,910
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,505
Public transit	50
Walked	890
Bicycle	70
Other method	320
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,740
Less than 15 minutes	7,600
15 to 29 minutes	7,720
30 to 44 minutes	4,490
45 to 59 minutes	1,815
60 minutes and over	2,120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,740
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,080
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,280
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,935
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,985
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,815
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,650
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	595
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,005
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,185
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	220
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,760

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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