Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brantford, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	104,688	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	98,563^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	43,269	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	41,673	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,061.2	...	...	1,061.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	98.65	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	104,690	51,205	53,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,970	9,280	8,685	17.2	18.1	16.2
0 to 4 years	5,660	3,000	2,660	5.4	5.9	5.0
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,045	2,955	5.7	5.9	5.5
10 to 14 years	6,305	3,240	3,070	6.0	6.3	5.7
15 to 64 years	66,925	33,165	33,755	63.9	64.8	63.1
15 to 19 years	5,930	3,065	2,865	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	6,195	3,230	2,960	5.9	6.3	5.5
25 to 29 years	7,125	3,575	3,550	6.8	7.0	6.6
30 to 34 years	7,120	3,500	3,625	6.8	6.8	6.8
35 to 39 years	6,985	3,420	3,565	6.7	6.7	6.7
40 to 44 years	6,670	3,285	3,385	6.4	6.4	6.3
45 to 49 years	6,345	3,095	3,250	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	6,325	3,125	3,195	6.0	6.1	6.0
55 to 59 years	7,205	3,535	3,675	6.9	6.9	6.9
60 to 64 years	7,030	3,345	3,685	6.7	6.5	6.9
65 years and over	19,800	8,760	11,035	18.9	17.1	20.6
65 to 69 years	6,185	2,870	3,315	5.9	5.6	6.2
70 to 74 years	5,155	2,395	2,765	4.9	4.7	5.2
75 to 79 years	3,465	1,565	1,900	3.3	3.1	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,335	1,020	1,315	2.2	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	2,650	905	1,740	2.5	1.8	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,530	585	950	1.5	1.1	1.8
90 to 94 years	825	260	565	0.8	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	260	50	205	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	18.1	16.2	17.2	18.1	16.2
15 to 64 years	63.9	64.8	63.1	63.9	64.8	63.1
65 years and over	18.9	17.1	20.6	18.9	17.1	20.6
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.3	2.5	1.8	3.3
Average age of the population	41.4	40.1	42.6	41.4	40.1	42.6
Median age of the population	40.8	39.2	42.0	40.8	39.2	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,235	...	...	60.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,950	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	3,965	...	...	9.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,585	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,370	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,480	...	...	10.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,660	...	...	28.0	...	...
2 persons	13,850	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	6,740	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	5,690	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,740	...	...	9.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,170	50,645	52,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	86,715	41,925	44,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,125	23,500	23,620	54.3	56.1	52.7
Married	37,280	18,610	18,670	43.0	44.4	41.7
Living common-law	9,845	4,895	4,945	11.4	11.7	11.0
Living common law - Never married	6,895	3,440	3,455	8.0	8.2	7.7
Living common law - Separated	710	365	350	0.8	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,970	990	980	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	270	110	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	39,595	18,420	21,170	45.7	43.9	47.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,650	13,440	11,210	28.4	32.1	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,335	1,410	1,930	3.8	3.4	4.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,050	2,365	3,685	7.0	5.6	8.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,555	1,205	4,350	6.4	2.9	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,910	...	...	50.7	...	...
3 persons	6,595	...	...	22.4	...	...
4 persons	5,420	...	...	18.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,490	...	...	8.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,105	...	...	78.5	...	...
Married couples	18,190	...	...	61.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,725	...	...	33.1	...	...
Without children	8,465	...	...	28.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,915	...	...	16.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,240	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	2,675	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,320	...	...	21.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,920	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,400	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,165	50,645	52,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	84,700	41,790	42,910	82.1	82.5	81.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,210	23,045	23,170	44.8	45.5	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	6,315	1,395	4,920	6.1	2.8	9.4
Children⁶	32,170	17,350	14,825	31.2	34.3	28.2
In a two-parent family	22,145	11,835	10,310	21.5	23.4	19.6
In a one-parent family	10,025	5,515	4,515	9.7	10.9	8.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,460	8,850	9,615	17.9	17.5	18.3
Living alone	11,655	5,315	6,340	11.3	10.5	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,650	1,080	1,570	2.6	2.1	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	4,160	2,450	1,710	4.0	4.8	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	41,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,025	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	20,335	...	...	48.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,490	...	...	25.2	...	...
Without children	9,840	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,695	...	...	11.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,595	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,480	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,665	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	11,655	...	...	28.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,210	41,365	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,945	39,655	42,290	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	35,200	39,200	44,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,975	39,675	42,305	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	32,800	35,600	40,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,005	35,160	35,850	83.3	85.0	81.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,000	25,800	33,200	42,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,015	29,880	28,140	68.1	72.2	64.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,400	29,200	36,400	44,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,070	35,790	39,275	88.1	86.5	89.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	8,000	12,700	10,500	8,000	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,105	3,965	5,140	10.7	9.6	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,890	11,260	12,625	28.0	27.2	28.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,220	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,980	39,615	42,370	96.2	95.8	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160	53,000	41,680	47,160	53,000	41,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,030	39,635	42,395	96.3	95.8	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,680	36,800	40,600	44,680	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,015	35,145	35,870	83.3	85.0	81.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,360	34,520	41,880	49,360	34,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,045	29,765	28,275	68.1	71.9	64.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	49,760	36,120	43,120	49,760	36,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,180	35,770	39,410	88.2	86.5	89.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,860	10,190	13,380	11,860	10,190	13,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,165	3,905	5,260	10.8	9.4	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,650	6,215	6,970	6,650	6,215	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,800	11,195	12,600	27.9	27.1	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,890	8,580	9,180	8,890	8,580	9,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,225	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,535	15,800	11,730	32.3	38.2	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	63,200	52,400	58,400	63,200	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	71,300	58,250	65,700	71,300	58,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,575	9,920	12,660	26.5	24.0	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,800	15,900	17,800	20,800	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,180	29,040	22,140	25,180	29,040	22,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	82.6	70.2	77.0	82.6	70.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	70.6	57.9	64.8	70.6	57.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	17.4	29.9	23.1	17.4	29.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.1	1.6	1.2	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.1	7.8	6.3	5.1	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	4.6	6.6	5.5	4.6	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,205	41,365	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,260	1,705	1,555	3.8	4.1	3.5
With total income	81,950	39,660	42,285	96.2	95.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,925	2,580	3,350	7.2	6.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,525	4,355	6,165	12.8	11.0	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,840	5,795	8,045	16.9	14.6	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,450	4,920	6,530	14.0	12.4	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	9,975	4,545	5,430	12.2	11.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,535	4,215	4,325	10.4	10.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,360	3,475	2,890	7.8	8.8	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,270	2,560	1,705	5.2	6.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,155	1,990	1,160	3.8	5.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	1,365	900	2.8	3.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,645	3,855	1,795	6.9	9.7	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	4,355	2,875	1,485	5.3	7.2	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,290	980	310	1.6	2.5	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,205	41,365	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,230	1,690	1,535	3.8	4.1	3.5
With after-tax income	81,980	39,675	42,305	96.2	95.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,180	2,655	3,520	7.5	6.7	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	10,875	4,545	6,330	13.3	11.5	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	15,740	6,605	9,145	19.2	16.6	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	13,430	6,025	7,405	16.4	15.2	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,975	5,790	6,185	14.6	14.6	14.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,610	4,600	4,015	10.5	11.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,480	3,225	2,260	6.7	8.1	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,570	2,175	1,390	4.4	5.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,465	1,490	970	3.0	3.8	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,355	900	455	1.7	2.3	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,295	1,670	620	2.8	4.2	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,365	965	400	1.7	2.4	0.9
$125,000 and over	925	700	220	1.1	1.8	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,205	41,365	43,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,190	11,485	15,705	31.9	27.8	35.8
With employment income	58,020	29,880	28,140	68.1	72.2	64.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,890	3,710	4,180	13.6	12.4	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,620	1,925	2,695	8.0	6.4	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,295	3,075	4,220	12.6	10.3	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,585	2,430	3,155	9.6	8.1	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,645	2,590	3,055	9.7	8.7	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,100	3,025	3,070	10.5	10.1	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,335	2,925	2,405	9.2	9.8	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,235	2,605	1,635	7.3	8.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,910	1,910	1,000	5.0	6.4	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	1,500	765	3.9	5.0	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	1,120	765	3.2	3.7	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,265	3,065	1,200	7.4	10.3	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,470	1,670	805	4.3	5.6	2.9
$125,000 and over	1,790	1,400	390	3.1	4.7	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,210	41,365	43,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,535	38,930	41,605	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,000	37,200	43,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,550	38,930	41,620	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,000	34,000	38,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,425	34,830	35,590	82.6	84.2	81.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	43,600	28,600	35,200	43,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,330	29,985	28,345	68.5	72.5	64.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	31,600	38,000	45,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,175	33,675	37,500	83.5	81.4	85.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	1,430	7,850	4,880	1,430	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,710	2,780	3,925	7.9	6.7	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,320	5,640	5,520	5,320	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,220	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,610	38,855	41,755	94.6	93.9	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,960	51,550	38,800	44,960	51,550	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,625	38,865	41,760	94.6	93.9	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	43,240	33,840	38,360	43,240	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,225	34,710	35,515	82.4	83.9	81.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	50,760	35,280	42,920	50,760	35,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,160	29,910	28,250	68.2	72.3	64.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	51,080	37,080	44,280	51,080	37,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,325	33,715	37,610	83.7	81.5	85.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	7,150	9,750	8,520	7,150	9,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,790	2,875	3,915	8.0	6.9	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,075	7,340	6,800	6,075	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,225	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,345	15,690	11,655	32.1	37.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	61,600	48,800	55,200	61,600	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	69,200	54,150	62,800	69,200	54,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,260	9,400	11,855	24.9	22.7	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	28,800	22,400	25,200	28,800	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	36,280	27,560	31,400	36,280	27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.2	88.0	77.4	83.2	88.0	77.4
Employment income (%)	71.0	76.2	64.6	71.0	76.2	64.6
Government transfers (%)	16.8	12.0	22.6	16.8	12.0	22.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8	1.3	0.9	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	41,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	41,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,240	...	...	46,240	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,160	...	...	40,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,020	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,650	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,660	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,435	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,585	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,765	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,710	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,180	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,900	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,750	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,585	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,305	...	...	36.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,365	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,685	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,895	...	...	9.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,360	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	975	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,740	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,905	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,650	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,860	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,125	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,905	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,800	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,645	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,445	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,100	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,760	...	...	28.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,255	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,000	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,500	...	...	8.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,815	7,770	8,045	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	34,400	36,400	38,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,800	32,400	33,600	34,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,800	...	...	82,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,600	...	...	117,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	67,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,875	7,715	8,160	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,400	45,000	41,840	43,400	45,000	41,840
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,920	38,840	37,040	37,920	38,840	37,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,165	50,645	52,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,550	11,160	10,385	20.9	22.0	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,870	3,585	3,285	6.7	7.1	6.3
18 to 64 years	62,915	31,025	31,885	61.0	61.3	60.7
65 years and over	18,705	8,455	10,250	18.1	16.7	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,140	5,085	6,050	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,820	1,455	1,365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,020	530	490	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,905	2,770	3,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,415	860	1,555	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.0	11.5	10.8	10.0	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.1	13.1	13.1	13.1	13.1	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.8	14.9	14.8	14.8	14.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	8.9	9.8	9.4	8.9	9.8
65 years and over (%)	12.9	10.1	15.2	12.9	10.1	15.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,165	50,645	52,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,545	11,160	10,390	20.9	22.0	19.8
0 to 5 years	6,865	3,580	3,285	6.7	7.1	6.3
18 to 64 years	62,915	31,030	31,890	61.0	61.3	60.7
65 years and over	18,700	8,455	10,245	18.1	16.7	19.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,180	2,170	2,015	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	760	395	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	260	140	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,140	1,660	1,480	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	110	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.3	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.4	4.6	5.0	5.4	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,170	50,645	52,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	56,795	27,130	29,670	55.0	53.6	56.5
In bottom decile	9,980	4,750	5,230	9.7	9.4	10.0
In second decile	11,405	5,185	6,220	11.1	10.2	11.8
In third decile	11,820	5,645	6,175	11.5	11.1	11.8
In fourth decile	12,100	5,860	6,240	11.7	11.6	11.9
In fifth decile	11,490	5,685	5,805	11.1	11.2	11.1
In top half of the distribution	46,370	23,515	22,855	44.9	46.4	43.5
In sixth decile	11,590	5,805	5,790	11.2	11.5	11.0
In seventh decile	10,685	5,405	5,280	10.4	10.7	10.1
In eighth decile	9,840	5,025	4,815	9.5	9.9	9.2
In ninth decile	8,925	4,540	4,390	8.7	9.0	8.4
In top decile	5,325	2,745	2,585	5.2	5.4	4.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,165	...	...	103,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.255	...	...	0.255	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	97,805	48,395	49,405	94.3	95.1	93.4
French only	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,930	2,065	2,860	4.8	4.1	5.4
Neither English nor French	990	400	595	1.0	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	101,595	49,950	51,645	97.9	98.2	97.7
French	980	455	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	205	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	960	390	575	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,335	49,755	51,580	97.7	97.8	97.6
Official languages	88,175	43,420	44,760	85.0	85.4	84.7
English	87,175	42,965	44,215	84.0	84.5	83.6
French	995	455	540	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	13,160	6,335	6,825	12.7	12.5	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,110	6,315	6,790	12.6	12.4	12.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	560	290	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	275	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	460	245	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	715	340	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	680	320	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	685	280	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	555	225	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,505	4,610	4,895	9.2	9.1	9.3
Albanian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,940	895	1,045	1.9	1.8	2.0
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,930	890	1,040	1.9	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,275	570	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Russian	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	850	355	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	345	130	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	340	125	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	470	215	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	425	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,040	2,060	1,980	3.9	4.0	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	3,885	1,995	1,885	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	485	265	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	350	195	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,195	1,100	1,090	2.1	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	520	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,475	1,200	1,270	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	920	460	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	805	375	430	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	480	230	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,410	1,115	1,290	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	385	175	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,785	840	950	1.7	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,765	44,220	45,540	86.5	86.9	86.1
French	165	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	3,415	1,620	1,790	3.3	3.2	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,410	1,615	1,790	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and French	750	310	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	9,120	4,415	4,705	8.8	8.7	8.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,415	49,725	51,690	97.8	97.7	97.8
Official languages	94,590	46,445	48,140	91.2	91.3	91.1
English	94,355	46,345	48,010	90.9	91.1	90.8
French	235	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	6,825	3,280	3,545	6.6	6.4	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,820	3,275	3,545	6.6	6.4	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	255	130	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	540	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	515	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,760	2,280	2,485	4.6	4.5	4.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	765	345	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	770	345	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	540	230	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,945	1,460	1,490	2.8	2.9	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,855	1,420	1,435	2.8	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	250	135	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,740	865	880	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	330	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	915	415	505	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	420	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	160	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,330	1,145	1,180	2.2	2.3	2.2
English and French	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,135	1,065	1,070	2.1	2.1	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	103,745	50,870	52,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	95,265	46,870	48,395	91.8	92.1	91.5
English	2,750	1,320	1,430	2.7	2.6	2.7
French	625	250	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	4,025	1,910	2,115	3.9	3.8	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,960	1,890	2,070	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	475	240	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	445	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,210	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,245	50,275	51,965	99.1	99.3	98.9
English	102,220	50,275	51,945	99.0	99.3	98.8
French	4,890	2,105	2,790	4.7	4.2	5.3
Non-official languages	17,615	8,415	9,200	17.1	16.6	17.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cayuga	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,415	8,345	9,075	16.9	16.5	17.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	825	435	385	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	435	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	730	385	340	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	930	390	540	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	900	380	520	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	965	440	525	0.9	0.9	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	880	395	485	0.9	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,570	6,105	6,465	12.2	12.1	12.3
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,355	1,065	1,290	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,355	1,060	1,290	2.3	2.1	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,490	645	850	1.4	1.3	1.6
Russian	300	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	320	180	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	230	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,155	525	630	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	565	250	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	565	250	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	565	270	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	465	225	240	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,310	2,685	2,625	5.1	5.3	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	5,155	2,625	2,530	5.0	5.2	4.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	730	395	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hindi	2,075	1,035	1,040	2.0	2.0	2.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	200	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,160	1,625	1,535	3.1	3.2	2.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	755	395	360	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,730	1,795	1,940	3.6	3.5	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,355	650	710	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	1,020	490	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	155	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,440	700	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	565	280	285	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	160	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	240	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	490	225	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	360	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	410	190	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	385	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,205	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,415	2,530	2,885	5.2	5.0	5.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,215	2,460	2,760	5.1	4.9	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,290	2,030	2,265	4.2	4.0	4.3
Métis	895	430	465	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuk (Inuit)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	97,790	48,120	49,675	94.8	95.0	94.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,205	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,055	1,405	1,650	3.0	2.8	3.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,150	49,240	50,910	97.0	97.2	96.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,505	...	...	66.0	...	...
Renter	14,170	...	...	34.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,880	...	...	9.3	...	...
Not condominium	37,800	...	...	90.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,630	...	...	11.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,825	...	...	23.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,200	...	...	41.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,835	...	...	23.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,265	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	6,140	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	6,720	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	6,255	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,295	...	...	31.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,020	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	655	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	39,490	...	...	94.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,185	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,905	...	...	33.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,285	...	...	29.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,330	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,615	...	...	8.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,050	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,910	...	...	4.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,630	...	...	3.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,950	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	39,160	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,520	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,205	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,420	...	...	44.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,050	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,000	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,670	...	...	13.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,235	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,310	...	...	17.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,455	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,845	...	...	16.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,715	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,450	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	41,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,250	...	...	77.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,320	...	...	22.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,700	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,680	...	...	30.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,195	...	...	19.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,625	...	...	3.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,555	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	750	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,995	...	...	69.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,540	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not in core need	36,410	...	...	88.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.5	...	...	64.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,412	...	...	1,412	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	588,500	...	...	588,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,165	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.6	...	...	24.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,205	50,650	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,365	1,105	1,265	2.3	2.2	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,355	1,090	1,265	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,205	1,005	1,200	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis single ancestry	130	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,980	1,920	2,065	3.9	3.8	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,915	1,885	2,025	3.8	3.7	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,185	1,555	1,630	3.1	3.1	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	320	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,855	47,625	49,230	93.8	94.0	93.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,205	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,805	48,000	49,800	94.8	94.8	94.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,875	10,875	9,995	20.2	21.5	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	76,930	37,120	39,805	74.5	73.3	75.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,405	2,650	2,755	5.2	5.2	5.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,205	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,830	42,110	43,715	83.2	83.1	83.2
Immigrants⁸¹	16,095	7,820	8,280	15.6	15.4	15.8
Before 1980	5,125	2,445	2,680	5.0	4.8	5.1
1980 to 1990	1,995	1,020	970	1.9	2.0	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,420	1,160	1,255	2.3	2.3	2.4
2001 to 2010	2,890	1,425	1,470	2.8	2.8	2.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,660	1,765	1,900	3.5	3.5	3.6
2011 to 2015	1,655	820	835	1.6	1.6	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,005	945	1,060	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,285	715	565	1.2	1.4	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,095	7,820	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,835	895	940	11.4	11.4	11.4
5 to 14 years	3,280	1,665	1,615	20.4	21.3	19.5
15 to 24 years	3,630	1,660	1,975	22.6	21.2	23.9
25 to 44 years	6,155	3,020	3,140	38.2	38.6	37.9
45 years and over	1,190	575	620	7.4	7.4	7.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,095	7,820	8,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,635	1,295	1,335	16.4	16.6	16.1
Brazil	75	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	155	65	90	1.0	0.8	1.1
El Salvador	110	65	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
Guyana	130	65	60	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	680	350	330	4.2	4.5	4.0
Mexico	100	45	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
Peru	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	200	120	80	1.2	1.5	1.0
United States of America	645	255	385	4.0	3.3	4.6
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	235	3.3	3.6	2.8
Europe	6,300	3,125	3,170	39.1	40.0	38.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	90	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
France	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	330	150	180	2.1	1.9	2.2
Greece	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	185	90	90	1.1	1.2	1.1
Italy	675	335	345	4.2	4.3	4.2
Netherlands	435	230	205	2.7	2.9	2.5
Poland	1,015	460	560	6.3	5.9	6.8
Portugal	480	265	215	3.0	3.4	2.6
Romania	160	85	70	1.0	1.1	0.8
Russian Federation	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	65	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,085	1,035	1,050	13.0	13.2	12.7
Other places of birth in Europe	500	255	240	3.1	3.3	2.9
Africa	845	390	455	5.3	5.0	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	270	120	150	1.7	1.5	1.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	425	190	240	2.6	2.4	2.9
Asia	6,240	2,960	3,285	38.8	37.9	39.7
Afghanistan	55	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iraq	115	50	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	95	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	125	60	65	0.8	0.8	0.8
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	285	110	180	1.8	1.4	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	185	75	110	1.1	1.0	1.3
Taiwan	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Philippines	890	415	475	5.5	5.3	5.7
Viet Nam	650	300	355	4.0	3.8	4.3
Bangladesh	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
India	2,485	1,200	1,280	15.4	15.3	15.5
Pakistan	480	260	220	3.0	3.3	2.7
Sri Lanka	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	635	300	335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,005	945	1,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	370	190	175	18.5	20.1	16.5
Brazil	30	10	20	1.5	1.1	1.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	50	50	5.0	5.3	4.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	105	50	55	5.2	5.3	5.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	20	20	1.7	2.1	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	95	60	30	4.7	6.3	2.8
Europe	95	65	30	4.7	6.9	2.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	1.0	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	35	10	2.0	3.7	0.9
Africa	250	105	150	12.5	11.1	14.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	170	70	100	8.5	7.4	9.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	0.9
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	1.7	1.1	2.4
Asia	1,280	575	705	63.8	60.8	66.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	20	30	2.2	2.1	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	580	260	315	28.9	27.5	29.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	10	1.5	2.1	0.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	110	40	65	5.5	4.2	6.1
Philippines	130	50	80	6.5	5.3	7.5
Saudi Arabia	15	10	10	0.7	1.1	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	50	55	5.2	5.3	5.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Viet Nam	125	50	75	6.2	5.3	7.1
Other places of birth in Asia	60	35	20	3.0	3.7	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,210	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,190	8,875	9,320	17.6	17.5	17.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,270	9,450	9,820	18.7	18.7	18.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	65,740	32,325	33,420	63.7	63.8	63.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,970	5,375	5,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,465	2,280	2,180	40.7	42.4	38.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,715	1,015	700	15.6	18.9	12.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,750	1,265	1,485	25.1	23.5	26.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,575	2,100	2,480	41.7	39.1	44.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,815	945	875	16.5	17.6	15.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	110	45	65	1.0	0.8	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,970	5,375	5,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	560	310	250	5.1	5.8	4.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,070	520	550	9.8	9.7	9.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	190	120	65	1.7	2.2	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	470	255	215	4.3	4.7	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	40	50	0.8	0.7	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,595	4,130	4,460	78.4	76.8	79.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,210	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,780	7,955	7,830	15.3	15.7	14.9
South Asian	6,070	3,115	2,955	5.9	6.2	5.6
Chinese	630	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	3,570	1,920	1,650	3.5	3.8	3.1
Filipino	1,235	610	625	1.2	1.2	1.2
Arab	665	360	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Latin American	905	435	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Southeast Asian	1,150	505	645	1.1	1.0	1.2
West Asian	245	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	370	200	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	550	240	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,425	42,690	44,735	84.7	84.3	85.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,210	50,645	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,485	8,740	8,745	16.9	17.3	16.6
English	27,370	13,130	14,240	26.5	25.9	27.1
Irish	18,005	8,450	9,555	17.4	16.7	18.2
Scottish	20,490	9,980	10,515	19.9	19.7	20.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,815	3,305	3,515	6.6	6.5	6.7
German	10,835	5,225	5,615	10.5	10.3	10.7
Chinese	885	360	525	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italian	6,380	3,100	3,280	6.2	6.1	6.2
Indian (India)	3,595	1,850	1,750	3.5	3.7	3.3
Ukrainian	3,190	1,510	1,680	3.1	3.0	3.2
Dutch	6,320	3,145	3,175	6.1	6.2	6.0
Polish	5,360	2,590	2,770	5.2	5.1	5.3
Québécois	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,925	2,415	2,510	4.8	4.8	4.8
Filipino	1,205	590	615	1.2	1.2	1.2
French Canadian	1,280	610	670	1.2	1.2	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,005	1,020	985	1.9	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,510	1,205	1,310	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis	910	455	455	0.9	0.9	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,365	665	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	740	335	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
Norwegian	530	310	220	0.5	0.6	0.4
Welsh	1,900	880	1,020	1.8	1.7	1.9
Portuguese	2,035	1,000	1,030	2.0	2.0	2.0
American	1,140	605	535	1.1	1.2	1.0
Spanish	650	285	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	550	230	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	2,990	1,430	1,565	2.9	2.8	3.0
Acadian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	685	350	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	810	415	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	340	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	855	420	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vietnamese	935	410	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	715	375	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	1,155	600	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	245	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	325	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	440	220	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	950	435	515	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	560	295	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	710	270	435	0.7	0.5	0.8
Haitian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindu	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	315	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	360	180	190	0.3	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	465	255	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Japanese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	215	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	165	65	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	275	115	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	155	70	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afghan	155	70	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	310	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Newfoundlander	305	160	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	595	275	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Persian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	260	205	55	0.3	0.4	0.1
Turkish	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Armenian	195	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	160	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
South African	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	375	220	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	685	325	360	0.7	0.6	0.7
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	100	75	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	155	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	145	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	270	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Zealander	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	160	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayali	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azorean	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,205	50,650	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	480	220	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	53,420	24,795	28,625	51.8	49.0	54.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,990	3,885	4,110	7.7	7.7	7.8
Anabaptist	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,375	2,305	3,070	5.2	4.6	5.8
Baptist	2,885	1,370	1,515	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catholic	22,950	10,890	12,060	22.2	21.5	22.9
Christian Orthodox	725	385	335	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	550	250	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	650	330	320	0.6	0.7	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,565	730	830	1.5	1.4	1.6
Presbyterian	1,710	705	1,000	1.7	1.4	1.9
Reformed	810	390	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
United Church	4,805	1,950	2,850	4.7	3.8	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,785	1,305	1,480	2.7	2.6	2.8
Hindu	1,725	885	835	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	2,060	1,035	1,025	2.0	2.0	2.0
Sikh	2,665	1,355	1,310	2.6	2.7	2.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	315	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	720	275	445	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	41,700	21,880	19,820	40.4	43.2	37.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,165	50,125	52,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,885	44,140	45,740	88.0	88.1	87.9
Movers	12,285	5,990	6,295	12.0	12.0	12.1
Non-migrants	6,010	2,905	3,105	5.9	5.8	6.0
Migrants	6,270	3,085	3,190	6.1	6.2	6.1
Internal migrants	5,920	2,900	3,025	5.8	5.8	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,655	2,760	2,895	5.5	5.5	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	265	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	350	185	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	97,500	47,610	49,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,135	28,865	30,275	60.7	60.6	60.7
Movers	38,365	18,750	19,615	39.3	39.4	39.3
Non-migrants	17,540	8,555	8,980	18.0	18.0	18.0
Migrants	20,825	10,195	10,635	21.4	21.4	21.3
Internal migrants	18,235	8,950	9,290	18.7	18.8	18.6
Intraprovincial migrants	17,135	8,410	8,725	17.6	17.7	17.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,110	540	565	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	2,585	1,245	1,340	2.7	2.6	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,220	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,485	9,640	8,850	21.7	23.3	20.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,740	31,730	35,010	78.3	76.7	79.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,530	26,705	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,640	4,270	3,370	14.0	16.0	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,895	22,435	24,455	86.0	84.0	87.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,225	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,605	8,590	8,015	19.5	20.8	18.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,345	13,860	13,490	32.1	33.5	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,270	18,925	22,350	48.4	45.7	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,335	12,955	14,380	32.1	31.3	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,255	3,870	1,385	6.2	9.4	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,460	1,515	940	2.9	3.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,800	2,355	445	3.3	5.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,690	8,520	12,160	24.3	20.6	27.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,395	565	825	1.6	1.4	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,940	5,965	7,975	16.4	14.4	18.2
Bachelor's degree	10,210	4,245	5,965	12.0	10.3	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	345	475	1.0	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	140	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	2,390	1,065	1,330	2.8	2.6	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	270	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,530	26,705	27,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,590	3,725	2,865	12.1	13.9	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,745	9,035	7,715	30.7	33.8	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,200	13,950	17,255	57.2	52.2	62.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,435	9,515	10,915	37.5	35.6	39.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,480	2,580	900	6.4	9.7	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,625	1,035	585	3.0	3.9	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,860	1,540	320	3.4	5.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,030	6,580	9,455	29.4	24.6	34.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	920	365	560	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,765	4,430	6,330	19.7	16.6	22.7
Bachelor's degree	7,875	3,215	4,660	14.4	12.0	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	245	380	1.1	0.9	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	160	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	1,900	770	1,130	3.5	2.9	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	120	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,225	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,950	22,445	21,500	51.6	54.3	49.0
Education	2,285	530	1,755	2.7	1.3	4.0
13. Education	2,285	530	1,755	2.7	1.3	4.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	730	745	1.7	1.8	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	225	190	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,250	545	710	1.5	1.3	1.6
Humanities	2,515	1,090	1,430	3.0	2.6	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	515	140	375	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	780	270	505	0.9	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	345	230	120	0.4	0.6	0.3
54. History	395	285	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,900	1,475	3,430	5.7	3.6	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	480	230	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,435	120	1,315	1.7	0.3	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	575	135	445	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	615	150	470	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,635	795	840	1.9	1.9	1.9
Business, management and public administration	7,725	2,785	4,945	9.1	6.7	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,205	170	1,035	1.4	0.4	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,510	2,610	3,900	7.6	6.3	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,330	660	670	1.6	1.6	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	185	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	330	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	400	275	125	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,265	855	415	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,025	730	295	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,145	7,530	615	9.6	18.2	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	245	200	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
14. Engineering	1,055	890	160	1.2	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,075	1,860	215	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,380	1,340	35	1.6	3.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,920	1,855	65	2.3	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,475	1,385	80	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	785	440	345	0.9	1.1	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	525	275	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	170	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	7,585	1,175	6,410	8.9	2.8	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	740	280	460	0.9	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,760	845	5,915	7.9	2.0	13.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,220	1,655	1,565	3.8	4.0	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,535	365	1,175	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,140	785	350	1.3	1.9	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	500	25	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,535	26,705	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,330	12,755	10,575	42.8	47.8	38.0
Education	1,620	350	1,270	3.0	1.3	4.6
13. Education	1,620	350	1,270	3.0	1.3	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,120	535	580	2.1	2.0	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	115	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	980	425	555	1.8	1.6	2.0
Humanities	1,830	760	1,070	3.4	2.8	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	365	90	280	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	610	205	410	1.1	0.8	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	135	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	310	220	90	0.6	0.8	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,795	1,075	2,720	7.0	4.0	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	405	195	210	0.7	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,165	100	1,070	2.1	0.4	3.8
22. Legal professions and studies	435	90	345	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	455	90	365	0.8	0.3	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,215	580	630	2.2	2.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	5,855	2,040	3,820	10.7	7.6	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	945	130	810	1.7	0.5	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,900	1,900	3,000	9.0	7.1	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	970	460	515	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	135	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	120	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	275	190	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,040	685	355	1.9	2.6	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	880	615	265	1.6	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,955	5,455	495	10.9	20.4	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	190	145	45	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	845	705	140	1.5	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,565	1,385	175	2.9	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,000	965	35	1.8	3.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,380	1,340	50	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	970	920	50	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575	305	270	1.1	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385	200	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	5,765	895	4,865	10.6	3.4	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	565	205	360	1.0	0.8	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,140	675	4,470	9.4	2.5	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,645	1,385	1,265	4.9	5.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,235	300	930	2.3	1.1	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,000	685	315	1.8	2.6	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	405	390	15	0.7	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,535	26,705	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,330	12,755	10,575	42.8	47.8	38.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,195	13,945	17,250	57.2	52.2	62.0
Location of study inside Canada	27,250	12,125	15,125	50.0	45.4	54.4
Same as province or territory of residence	26,300	11,680	14,625	48.2	43.7	52.6
Different than province or territory of residence	950	450	505	1.7	1.7	1.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,945	1,820	2,125	7.2	6.8	7.6
Americas	835	395	440	1.5	1.5	1.6
United States of America	540	270	270	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	770	365	405	1.4	1.4	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	250	120	125	0.5	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	210	95	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,015	915	1,100	3.7	3.4	4.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	350	110	240	0.6	0.4	0.9
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,180	575	600	2.2	2.2	2.2
Pakistan	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	100	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,225	41,370	43,855	...	...	...
In the labour force	52,320	27,290	25,025	...	...	...
Employed	45,825	24,310	21,520	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,490	2,980	3,510	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,910	14,080	18,830	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.4	66.0	57.1	61.4	66.0	57.1
Employment rate	53.8	58.8	49.1	53.8	58.8	49.1
Unemployment rate	12.4	10.9	14.0	12.4	10.9	14.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,225	41,370	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,185	14,470	18,715	38.9	35.0	42.7
Worked	52,040	26,900	25,140	61.1	65.0	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,120	16,200	11,925	33.0	39.2	27.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	23,920	10,700	13,210	28.1	25.9	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.6	40.1	41.4	42.6	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	52,315	27,290	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	670	625	2.5	2.5	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,020	26,620	24,400	97.5	97.5	97.5
Employee	45,505	23,220	22,285	87.0	85.1	89.0
Permanent position	39,790	20,555	19,235	76.1	75.3	76.8
Temporary position	5,715	2,665	3,050	10.9	9.8	12.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755	820	930	3.4	3.0	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,965	1,845	2,120	7.6	6.8	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,510	3,395	2,115	10.5	12.4	8.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	52,315	27,290	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	670	625	2.5	2.5	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,020	26,620	24,400	97.5	97.5	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	390	280	105	0.7	1.0	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,260	2,185	5,075	13.9	8.0	20.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,685	2,060	630	5.1	7.5	2.5
3 Health occupations	3,735	540	3,195	7.1	2.0	12.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,490	1,660	3,825	10.5	6.1	15.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,050	500	545	2.0	1.8	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,245	5,310	7,930	25.3	19.5	31.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,530	9,485	1,050	20.1	34.8	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	825	615	205	1.6	2.3	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,810	3,975	1,845	11.1	14.6	7.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	52,315	27,290	25,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,295	670	625	2.5	2.5	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	51,020	26,620	24,400	97.5	97.5	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	470	240	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	270	190	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	3,855	3,435	420	7.4	12.6	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	9,260	6,625	2,635	17.7	24.3	10.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,980	1,285	695	3.8	4.7	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,005	2,830	3,175	11.5	10.4	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,490	2,565	925	6.7	9.4	3.7
51 Information and cultural industries	550	365	190	1.1	1.3	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,370	465	910	2.6	1.7	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	780	395	385	1.5	1.4	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,450	1,345	1,100	4.7	4.9	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,540	1,380	1,165	4.9	5.1	4.7
61 Educational services	3,580	1,005	2,575	6.8	3.7	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	6,415	830	5,580	12.3	3.0	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	860	395	465	1.6	1.4	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	3,070	1,135	1,930	5.9	4.2	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,160	1,090	1,070	4.1	4.0	4.3
91 Public administration	1,775	970	805	3.4	3.6	3.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,920	28,820	27,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,505	28,225	26,280	97.5	97.9	97.0
French	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	400	100	305	0.7	0.3	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	810	435	380	1.4	1.5	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,920	28,820	27,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,690	28,730	26,960	99.6	99.7	99.5
Official languages	55,500	28,620	26,885	99.2	99.3	99.2
English	55,360	28,605	26,760	99.0	99.3	98.7
French	145	15	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	185	110	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	185	110	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	90	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	140	80	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,920	28,820	27,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,895	28,370	26,525	98.2	98.4	97.9
English	150	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	275	90	185	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	495	255	240	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	490	255	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,825	24,310	21,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,495	3,130	4,370	16.4	12.9	20.3
Worked outside Canada	130	100	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,565	4,130	1,435	12.1	17.0	6.7
Usual place of work	32,635	16,955	15,685	71.2	69.7	72.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,635	16,950	15,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,470	9,695	10,780	62.7	57.2	68.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,135	1,670	1,465	9.6	9.9	9.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,990	5,565	3,430	27.5	32.8	21.9
Commute to a different province or territory	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,205	21,080	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,890	19,560	15,330	91.3	92.8	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,580	17,980	13,595	82.7	85.3	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,310	1,580	1,735	8.7	7.5	10.1
Public transit	1,210	515	700	3.2	2.4	4.1
Walked	1,335	630	700	3.5	3.0	4.1
Bicycle	170	145	30	0.4	0.7	0.2
Other method	605	235	365	1.6	1.1	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,205	21,080	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,815	7,555	8,260	41.4	35.8	48.2
15 to 29 minutes	10,315	5,600	4,720	27.0	26.6	27.6
30 to 44 minutes	6,310	3,975	2,330	16.5	18.9	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,980	1,905	1,080	7.8	9.0	6.3
60 minutes and over	2,785	2,050	740	7.3	9.7	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,205	21,080	17,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,765	2,780	985	9.9	13.2	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,395	5,360	3,035	22.0	25.4	17.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,540	4,510	4,030	22.4	21.4	23.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,340	2,625	3,715	16.6	12.5	21.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,780	1,670	2,110	9.9	7.9	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,390	4,145	3,245	19.3	19.7	18.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,960	11,365	10,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,595	790	800	7.3	7.0	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,370	10,570	9,800	92.8	93.0	92.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,880	8,150	7,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,190	575	610	7.5	7.1	7.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	725	345	380	4.6	4.2	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	230	230	2.9	2.8	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,690	7,570	7,115	92.5	92.9	92.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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