Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Waterloo, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove			Kitchener - Cambridge - WaterlooMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	121,436	...	...	575,847	...	...
Population, 2016¹	104,986	...	...	523,894	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	15.7	...	...	9.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	52,049	...	...	229,809	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,895.8	...	...	527.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	64.06	...	...	1,092.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	121,435	61,235	60,200	575,845	286,710	289,135
0 to 14 years	17,640	9,155	8,485	98,590	50,695	47,900
0 to 4 years	5,015	2,615	2,400	30,730	15,710	15,020
5 to 9 years	5,960	3,110	2,850	33,275	17,150	16,125
10 to 14 years	6,670	3,435	3,235	34,590	17,835	16,755
15 to 64 years	85,080	43,685	41,400	387,550	195,660	191,895
15 to 19 years	8,250	4,255	4,000	34,735	17,835	16,900
20 to 24 years	14,110	7,605	6,510	41,905	22,290	19,615
25 to 29 years	11,145	6,320	4,820	45,370	24,100	21,275
30 to 34 years	8,260	4,370	3,890	43,105	21,690	21,415
35 to 39 years	7,330	3,665	3,660	40,825	20,345	20,480
40 to 44 years	6,915	3,355	3,565	37,315	18,385	18,930
45 to 49 years	7,200	3,430	3,770	36,335	17,850	18,485
50 to 54 years	7,625	3,700	3,930	36,440	18,025	18,420
55 to 59 years	7,575	3,695	3,875	37,915	18,745	19,170
60 to 64 years	6,665	3,285	3,380	33,595	16,385	17,210
65 years and over	18,705	8,395	10,315	89,705	40,360	49,345
65 to 69 years	5,455	2,520	2,935	27,730	13,040	14,685
70 to 74 years	4,700	2,135	2,565	23,265	10,810	12,450
75 to 79 years	3,280	1,500	1,780	16,090	7,370	8,725
80 to 84 years	2,455	1,070	1,390	11,070	4,925	6,145
85 years and over	2,820	1,175	1,650	11,555	4,220	7,340
85 to 89 years	1,615	715	895	6,940	2,800	4,140
90 to 94 years	930	410	525	3,495	1,180	2,315
95 to 99 years	250	45	200	1,010	225	785
100 years and over	25	5	25	110	10	100
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.0	14.1	17.1	17.7	16.6
15 to 64 years	70.1	71.3	68.8	67.3	68.2	66.4
65 years and over	15.4	13.7	17.1	15.6	14.1	17.1
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.7	2.0	1.5	2.5
Average age of the population	39.2	37.9	40.5	39.5	38.4	40.5
Median age of the population	36.0	33.6	38.4	38.0	36.4	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Single-detached house	23,145	...	...	116,045	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,125	...	...	12,905	...	...
Row house	5,375	...	...	25,590	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,015	...	...	6,240	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,945	...	...	29,035	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10,330	...	...	28,685	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	300	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	95	...	...	250	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
1 person	12,250	...	...	54,350	...	...
2 persons	15,710	...	...	72,155	...	...
3 persons	7,560	...	...	35,675	...	...
4 persons	7,505	...	...	35,170	...	...
5 or more persons	4,020	...	...	21,715	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,390	59,830	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,475
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	103,790	52,080	51,715	477,255	236,020	241,235
Married or living common-law	55,545	27,775	27,765	272,430	136,200	136,235
Married	47,650	23,835	23,810	229,055	114,560	114,490
Living common-law	7,895	3,940	3,955	43,380	21,640	21,740
Living common law - Never married	6,050	3,060	2,995	31,575	15,885	15,690
Living common law - Separated	325	170	155	2,370	1,235	1,140
Living common law - Divorced	1,390	655	735	8,555	4,170	4,390
Living common law - Widowed	130	55	70	875	350	525
Not married and not living common-law	48,245	24,300	23,945	204,825	99,825	105,000
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,880	20,700	16,180	142,985	79,500	63,485
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,370	970	1,395	13,455	5,665	7,790
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,630	1,655	2,980	25,750	9,865	15,890
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,370	975	3,395	22,630	4,795	17,835
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,210	...	...	158,300	...	...
2 persons	15,035	...	...	75,390	...	...
3 persons	6,670	...	...	34,505	...	...
4 persons	6,830	...	...	33,485	...	...
5 or more persons	2,675	...	...	14,920	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,210	...	...	158,300	...	...
Total couple families	26,790	...	...	132,900	...	...
Married couples	22,845	...	...	111,220	...	...
With children⁶	13,245	...	...	64,460	...	...
Without children	9,595	...	...	46,760	...	...
Common-law couples	3,945	...	...	21,680	...	...
With children⁶	1,140	...	...	7,925	...	...
Without children	2,805	...	...	13,755	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,420	...	...	25,400	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,510	...	...	20,040	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	905	...	...	5,360	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,595	284,475
Total - Persons in census families	91,760	45,720	46,040	469,050	232,845	236,200
Married spouses or common-law partners	53,580	26,775	26,805	265,800	132,735	133,070
Parents in one-parent families	4,420	905	3,510	25,395	5,355	20,040
Children⁶	33,765	18,040	15,725	177,850	94,755	83,090
In a two-parent family	26,880	14,255	12,625	137,780	72,880	64,895
In a one-parent family	6,885	3,785	3,100	40,070	21,875	18,195
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,625	14,110	12,515	99,020	50,745	48,270
Living alone	12,245	5,830	6,420	54,355	25,725	28,625
Living with other relatives⁷	2,520	1,075	1,445	14,050	6,105	7,950
Living with non-relatives only	11,860	7,205	4,660	30,615	18,920	11,695
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,845	...	...	137,070	...	...
Couple-family households	24,310	...	...	117,510	...	...
With children⁶	13,165	...	...	64,345	...	...
Without children	11,145	...	...	53,165	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,540	...	...	19,560	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,120	...	...	7,295	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	210	...	...	1,460	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,245	...	...	7,075	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,370	...	...	11,810	...	...
One-person households	12,245	...	...	54,355	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,820	50,720	50,100	469,600	232,970	236,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,570	47,955	47,615	449,105	222,575	226,530
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,200	36,800	42,400	48,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,610	47,980	47,635	449,315	222,685	226,635
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	34,000	38,400	43,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,620	44,770	42,850	404,260	205,485	198,765
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,800	30,200	38,000	46,000	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,200	38,280	33,920	338,730	178,100	160,630
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	31,200	40,400	47,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,220	42,285	42,935	403,590	196,915	206,675
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	3,360	7,200	7,300	5,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,730	2,980	3,750	40,835	17,960	22,875
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,560	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,585	13,380	13,210	129,820	64,510	65,310
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,540	47,910	47,625	449,015	222,500	226,510
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,250	71,000	49,400	54,700	63,150	46,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,590	47,945	47,645	449,235	222,635	226,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	56,050	41,640	45,560	51,300	39,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,490	44,750	42,745	404,090	205,300	198,785
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,400	69,000	45,320	51,000	60,400	41,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,200	38,190	34,010	338,730	177,775	160,955
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	67,400	44,640	51,250	59,450	42,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,150	42,120	43,030	403,660	196,685	206,980
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,610	7,530	9,670	9,790	8,390	11,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,830	2,970	3,860	40,480	17,645	22,840
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,715	6,990	6,520	5,840	7,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,515	13,295	13,225	130,060	64,815	65,250
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,470	8,380	8,560	8,420	8,130	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,335	19,500	13,835	167,280	96,230	71,050
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	81,000	66,000	65,000	71,000	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	94,000	105,500	77,900	77,900	85,800	67,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,510	13,820	15,690	131,640	61,405	70,230
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,800	15,200	18,400	20,800	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	30,560	23,540	27,480	31,360	24,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	90.6	82.4	84.0	88.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.6	64.6	70.6	75.2	64.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.7	9.3	17.7	16.1	11.7	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	1.1	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.6	5.6	5.1	4.1	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.8	4.5	3.8	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,820	50,720	50,100	469,605	232,975	236,630
Without total income	5,250	2,765	2,490	20,495	10,395	10,100
With total income	95,570	47,955	47,610	449,105	222,575	226,535
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,450	4,690	5,755	37,945	16,370	21,580
$10,000 to $19,999	11,860	5,305	6,555	52,140	21,845	30,295
$20,000 to $29,999	13,380	6,015	7,360	66,200	28,175	38,030
$30,000 to $39,999	10,595	4,745	5,850	55,525	24,580	30,950
$40,000 to $49,999	9,020	4,225	4,795	50,035	23,165	26,875
$50,000 to $59,999	7,510	3,715	3,795	43,130	21,260	21,865
$60,000 to $69,999	6,030	3,015	3,015	33,670	17,710	15,960
$70,000 to $79,999	5,055	2,675	2,385	25,610	14,805	10,805
$80,000 to $89,999	3,925	2,180	1,750	19,165	11,565	7,600
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285	1,850	1,435	15,225	9,350	5,870
$100,000 and over	14,460	9,545	4,915	50,465	33,755	16,710
$100,000 to $149,999	8,850	5,450	3,400	34,570	22,110	12,460
$150,000 and over	5,605	4,090	1,515	15,895	11,645	4,250
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,820	50,720	50,100	469,605	232,975	236,630
Without after-tax income	5,210	2,745	2,465	20,285	10,290	9,995
With after-tax income	95,610	47,975	47,635	449,320	222,685	226,635
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,870	4,845	6,020	39,490	16,925	22,565
$10,000 to $19,999	12,265	5,485	6,780	54,275	22,815	31,465
$20,000 to $29,999	14,955	6,735	8,225	74,915	31,995	42,920
$30,000 to $39,999	12,335	5,645	6,695	66,545	30,310	36,235
$40,000 to $49,999	10,380	5,055	5,325	59,685	29,215	30,475
$50,000 to $59,999	8,410	4,245	4,165	46,120	24,190	21,930
$60,000 to $69,999	6,420	3,375	3,040	32,315	18,460	13,860
$70,000 to $79,999	4,780	2,735	2,050	22,810	13,950	8,860
$80,000 to $89,999	4,330	2,355	1,970	17,970	10,405	7,565
$90,000 to $99,999	2,720	1,675	1,045	10,590	6,875	3,715
$100,000 and over	8,145	5,820	2,325	24,595	17,540	7,055
$100,000 to $124,999	3,770	2,590	1,180	12,520	8,655	3,860
$125,000 and over	4,375	3,230	1,145	12,080	8,890	3,190
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,820	50,720	50,100	469,605	232,975	236,630
Without employment income	28,620	12,435	16,185	130,870	54,870	76,000
With employment income	72,200	38,280	33,915	338,730	178,100	160,630
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,605	5,070	5,535	43,075	20,310	22,765
$5,000 to $9,999	6,290	3,005	3,280	26,155	11,450	14,705
$10,000 to $19,999	9,255	4,440	4,810	39,125	17,725	21,395
$20,000 to $29,999	5,885	2,880	3,000	29,750	13,855	15,895
$30,000 to $39,999	5,555	2,660	2,895	30,365	14,260	16,105
$40,000 to $49,999	5,170	2,555	2,620	31,490	15,385	16,105
$50,000 to $59,999	4,735	2,505	2,225	28,595	15,215	13,380
$60,000 to $69,999	4,025	2,105	1,920	23,595	13,235	10,360
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	1,935	1,600	18,530	11,280	7,255
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	1,685	1,220	14,900	9,405	5,495
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	1,585	1,195	13,000	8,065	4,940
$100,000 and over	11,465	7,850	3,615	40,150	27,915	12,230
$100,000 to $124,999	4,745	2,865	1,885	19,835	12,770	7,070
$125,000 and over	6,720	4,980	1,735	20,310	15,150	5,165
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,820	50,720	50,100	469,600	232,970	236,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,775	46,455	46,320	439,220	217,355	221,865
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	40,400	47,200	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,795	46,460	46,335	439,305	217,370	221,930
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,400	36,400	42,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,325	43,460	41,865	398,255	201,980	196,270
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	31,200	38,800	46,800	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,060	37,435	33,625	337,515	176,725	160,785
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	31,600	40,800	48,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,045	39,135	39,905	377,760	183,360	194,405
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,040	750	2,140	1,640	820	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,475	1,800	2,675	29,875	12,335	17,540
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,000	6,600	5,560	4,960	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,870	46,365	46,510	439,465	217,305	222,160
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,150	68,000	46,400	52,000	60,800	43,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,885	46,365	46,520	439,560	217,325	222,240
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	53,450	39,040	43,160	49,240	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,380	43,460	41,920	398,390	201,865	196,525
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,950	68,400	45,120	51,000	60,600	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,155	37,385	33,770	337,815	176,595	161,225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,850	66,600	43,920	51,080	59,650	41,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,125	39,135	39,985	377,900	183,160	194,740
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,625	4,536	6,690	6,710	5,380	7,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,570	1,890	2,680	29,875	12,120	17,755
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,770	6,185	8,880	7,460	6,170	8,350
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,945	19,265	13,685	166,120	95,650	70,475
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	61,200	61,200	68,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,800	97,800	71,500	73,000	81,200	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,010	12,565	14,445	123,040	57,265	65,770
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	21,800	18,200	23,600	27,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,920	36,960	27,560	32,920	38,120	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.4	87.6	89.0	92.6	84.0
Employment income (%)	74.8	79.0	68.8	75.6	79.6	69.8
Government transfers (%)	8.4	5.6	12.4	11.1	7.5	16.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,245	...	...	54,355	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,795	...	...	164,710	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	112,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	93,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,250	...	...	54,330	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,900	...	...	55,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,040	...	...	46,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,795	...	...	164,730	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Under $5,000	1,180	...	...	2,480	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	460	...	...	1,050	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	640	...	...	2,180	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	820	...	...	3,425	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,265	...	...	6,080	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,255	...	...	6,365	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...	5,880	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,335	...	...	6,745	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,440	...	...	7,215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...	7,555	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,965	...	...	14,955	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,905	...	...	14,900	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,815	...	...	14,355	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,690	...	...	13,620	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	...	...	13,070	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,980	...	...	99,185	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,390	...	...	28,225	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,160	...	...	21,340	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,570	...	...	25,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,860	...	...	23,685	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Under $5,000	1,270	...	...	2,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	1,095	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	650	...	...	2,230	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	860	...	...	3,595	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,350	...	...	6,495	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,395	...	...	7,240	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,475	...	...	7,055	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,555	...	...	7,880	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,775	...	...	8,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,775	...	...	8,940	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,485	...	...	17,655	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,475	...	...	17,755	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255	...	...	16,780	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	...	...	16,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,800	...	...	14,640	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,270	...	...	80,125	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,770	...	...	29,355	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,140	...	...	19,675	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,360	...	...	31,095	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,060	...	...	155,780	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,515	...	...	54,705	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,470	...	...	72,780	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,125	...	...	23,265	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,110	13,035	11,075	84,965	44,645	40,320
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	31,600	32,800	38,000	40,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,400	30,000	30,800	34,800	36,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,020	...	...	155,735	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,800	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,510	...	...	54,650	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	113,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	94,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,460	...	...	72,925	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	185,800	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	...	...	131,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,125	...	...	23,110	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,135	13,000	11,130	84,800	44,195	40,610
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,040	46,400	43,520	48,080	50,280	45,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,240	38,880	37,480	41,040	42,280	39,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,390	59,830	58,555	568,065	283,590	284,470
0 to 17 years	21,830	11,295	10,535	118,810	60,965	57,845
0 to 5 years	6,160	3,230	2,930	37,270	19,035	18,240
18 to 64 years	79,620	40,805	38,810	364,630	183,880	180,755
65 years and over	16,940	7,730	9,210	84,620	38,745	45,875
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,375	6,685	6,690	52,840	24,840	27,995
0 to 17 years	2,245	1,200	1,045	12,810	6,590	6,225
0 to 5 years	640	325	315	4,350	2,205	2,145
18 to 64 years	9,610	4,935	4,680	30,915	14,965	15,950
65 years and over	1,520	555	965	9,115	3,295	5,820
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	11.2	11.4	9.3	8.8	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.6	9.9	10.8	10.8	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	10.4	10.1	10.8	11.7	11.6	11.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	12.1	12.1	8.5	8.1	8.8
65 years and over (%)	9.0	7.2	10.5	10.8	8.5	12.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,595	284,475
0 to 17 years	21,830	11,300	10,530	118,815	60,965	57,850
0 to 5 years	6,155	3,225	2,930	37,275	19,030	18,240
18 to 64 years	79,615	40,805	38,815	364,635	183,880	180,750
65 years and over	16,940	7,730	9,210	84,625	38,750	45,870
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	12,240	6,650	5,590	35,415	18,625	16,795
0 to 17 years	1,350	720	625	6,340	3,325	3,010
0 to 5 years	380	200	180	2,080	1,080	1,000
18 to 64 years	10,365	5,715	4,645	26,575	14,275	12,300
65 years and over	525	215	315	2,500	1,025	1,480
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.3	11.1	9.6	6.2	6.6	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.2	6.4	6.0	5.3	5.5	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	6.2	6.1	5.6	5.7	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	13.0	14.0	12.0	7.3	7.8	6.8
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.8	3.4	3.0	2.6	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,390	59,830	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,470
In bottom half of the distribution	52,920	26,700	26,220	266,930	130,800	136,125
In bottom decile	15,260	8,130	7,130	51,735	25,995	25,740
In second decile	9,635	4,655	4,975	51,210	23,890	27,320
In third decile	9,445	4,610	4,835	52,855	25,640	27,215
In fourth decile	9,025	4,490	4,535	54,000	26,775	27,230
In fifth decile	9,555	4,810	4,745	57,125	28,500	28,625
In top half of the distribution	65,470	33,135	32,335	301,140	152,790	148,350
In sixth decile	10,320	5,190	5,130	58,810	29,600	29,210
In seventh decile	11,320	5,675	5,645	60,555	30,520	30,035
In eighth decile	12,155	6,140	6,015	62,005	31,465	30,540
In ninth decile	13,790	7,040	6,750	62,470	31,940	30,525
In top decile	17,880	9,080	8,800	57,295	29,265	28,035
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,390	...	...	568,065	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.375	...	...	0.329	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.324	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,890	284,925	285,965
English only	107,495	55,175	52,315	523,455	264,645	258,810
French only	45	25	25	260	120	140
English and French	10,360	4,540	5,825	36,350	15,690	20,660
Neither English nor French	2,075	895	1,175	10,815	4,465	6,350
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,890	284,925	285,965
English	116,070	58,860	57,210	552,070	276,665	275,405
French	1,100	520	580	5,580	2,630	2,950
English and French	790	385	405	2,690	1,300	1,390
Neither English nor French	2,020	865	1,150	10,545	4,330	6,215
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,890	284,925	285,965
Single responses	114,560	57,820	56,745	548,795	273,800	274,995
Official languages	78,510	39,540	38,970	401,370	200,500	200,870
English	77,465	39,035	38,430	395,835	197,885	197,955
French	1,045	505	545	5,530	2,610	2,915
Non-official languages	36,050	18,280	17,770	147,425	73,300	74,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	25	15	15
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	20	5	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	10	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,045	18,275	17,770	147,395	73,290	74,110
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,305	1,710	1,595	16,230	8,320	7,910
Berber languages	5	0	0	10	10	5
Kabyle	5	0	0	10	10	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	15	5	5
Hausa	10	5	5	15	5	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	5	5	0	20	5	10
Cushitic languages	355	170	180	2,230	1,090	1,145
Bilen	5	5	5	570	300	270
Oromo	20	10	10	135	55	75
Somali	285	140	140	1,405	670	735
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	20	120	65	60
Semitic languages	2,935	1,530	1,405	13,960	7,205	6,750
Amharic	105	45	55	1,070	505	570
Arabic	2,630	1,380	1,245	9,535	4,965	4,565
Aramaic languages	30	15	20	510	255	255
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	15	10	315	170	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	100	50	50
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	105	40	65
Harari	5	0	0	30	10	15
Hebrew	65	35	30	150	85	60
Maltese	5	0	5	55	25	30
Tigrigna	100	50	55	2,605	1,350	1,250
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	285	330	4,075	1,905	2,175
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	255	110	145
Vietnamese	595	280	315	3,800	1,785	2,015
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	655	260	395	3,415	1,435	1,985
Bikol	5	0	0	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	100	50	50
Cebuano	20	5	15	140	50	90
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	70	30	45
Ilocano	25	10	20	145	65	80
Indonesian	85	40	40	200	85	120
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	10	35	15	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	15	10	10
Pangasinan	10	5	5	15	5	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	445	175	270	2,590	1,080	1,510
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	60	30	30
Creole languages	45	15	25	280	135	145
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	50	25	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	5	5	0	15	10	10
Morisyen	15	5	10	55	25	30
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	90	45	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	60	30	30
Dravidian languages	1,485	845	640	4,770	2,710	2,060
Kannada	80	45	30	195	110	90
Malayalam	440	270	170	2,030	1,185	845
Tamil	475	245	230	1,390	725	660
Telugu	475	270	205	1,115	670	445
Tulu	5	5	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	25	10	10
Georgian	10	5	5	15	5	10
Hmong-Mien languages	60	30	30	430	205	225
Indo-European languages	18,120	9,345	8,780	95,085	47,400	47,680
Albanian	105	50	55	1,085	555	530
Armenian	160	85	80	655	315	335
Balto-Slavic languages	3,645	1,770	1,875	17,975	8,600	9,370
Baltic languages	40	15	20	155	70	80
Latvian	10	5	5	75	35	35
Lithuanian	25	10	15	85	35	45
Slavic languages	3,610	1,755	1,850	17,825	8,525	9,295
Belarusian	5	0	0	20	10	10
Bulgarian	80	35	40	180	80	95
Czech	115	55	60	585	255	330
Macedonian	35	20	15	245	120	125
Polish	940	440	495	4,875	2,255	2,620
Russian	925	460	465	2,280	1,080	1,200
Rusyn	10	5	10	140	75	65
Serbo-Croatian	1,155	575	580	7,855	3,895	3,960
Bosnian	70	30	40	650	320	330
Croatian	265	130	135	1,925	930	990
Serbian	800	405	400	5,170	2,590	2,580
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	115	55	65
Slovak	85	40	50	495	215	285
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	225	105	115
Ukrainian	210	100	110	915	425	490
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	25	15	10
Irish	5	0	5	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	10	5	5
Welsh	0	0	0	10	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Germanic languages	2,240	1,045	1,195	11,285	5,265	6,020
Frisian	10	0	5	25	15	15
High German languages	1,835	860	975	9,050	4,200	4,850
German	1,780	835	940	7,700	3,555	4,140
Pennsylvania German	35	15	20	1,270	605	670
Swiss German	15	0	10	70	35	35
Yiddish	5	0	0	10	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	345	155	185	2,000	945	1,055
Afrikaans	35	15	15	115	65	45
Dutch	260	120	145	1,535	705	835
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	40	20
Low Saxon	5	0	5	35	15	15
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	210	105	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	50	20	35
Scandinavian languages	50	25	30	200	100	100
Danish	30	15	15	130	60	70
Icelandic	0	0	0	5	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	15	5	5	45	25	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	10	10	5
Greek	330	165	165	1,255	630	625
Indo-Iranian languages	8,010	4,475	3,535	36,140	19,250	16,890
Indo-Aryan languages	6,185	3,530	2,655	29,835	16,045	13,790
Assamese	0	0	0	10	0	5
Bengali	560	310	255	1,340	710	635
Gujarati	920	540	375	5,665	3,210	2,455
Hindi	1,525	910	615	4,120	2,280	1,840
Kacchi	25	15	10	130	60	70
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	5	0
Konkani	20	15	10	55	30	25
Marathi	170	95	70	380	215	170
Nepali	130	75	55	910	460	450
Oriya languages	10	10	0	25	20	5
Odia	5	5	0	15	15	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,405	810	595	10,615	5,725	4,885
Rohingya	20	10	10	240	120	125
Sindhi	50	30	25	145	80	70
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	75	70	370	190	175
Urdu	1,185	635	545	5,735	2,895	2,840
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	80	40	40
Iranian languages	1,825	940	880	6,295	3,205	3,100
Baluchi	0	0	0	20	15	10
Kurdish	155	90	70	755	385	365
Parsi	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	135	70	70	1,120	575	545
Persian languages	1,525	780	745	4,355	2,200	2,155
Dari	155	75	85	1,595	770	825
Iranian Persian	1,215	630	580	2,260	1,175	1,085
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	155	75	85	505	255	250
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	35	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	3,620	1,755	1,865	26,650	12,765	13,885
Catalan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Italian	280	130	145	1,650	855	795
Portuguese	795	400	390	9,940	4,665	5,275
Romanian	780	365	420	4,920	2,340	2,580
Spanish	1,770	855	910	10,125	4,895	5,230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Japanese	195	90	105	475	180	290
Korean	1,305	615	685	2,680	1,240	1,440
Mongolian	5	0	5	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	225	115	115	1,160	590	570
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	145	75	70
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	15	5	10
Éwé	10	5	0	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ganda	5	5	0	20	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	80	50	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	60	25	30
Lingala	5	0	5	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	25	10	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	40	20	15
Shona	10	5	5	120	55	65
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	30	15	15	190	105	85
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	5	0	15	10	5
Yoruba	50	20	30	245	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	140	70	70
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	25	320	140	180
Dinka	5	0	0	10	5	5
Nuer	20	10	10	115	50	65
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	185	80	110
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Sign languages	10	5	5	130	70	55
American Sign Language	10	5	5	115	60	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	15	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,830	4,335	4,490	13,725	6,665	7,060
Chinese languages	8,805	4,325	4,480	13,230	6,415	6,820
Hakka	10	5	5	40	15	25
Mandarin	7,435	3,650	3,785	10,400	5,040	5,355
Min Dong	5	5	5	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	45	45	200	100	105
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	25	15	60	30	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,050	495	555	2,295	1,090	1,210
Chinese, n.o.s.	180	100	75	220	120	100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	480	240	235
Burmese	5	5	0	115	60	55
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	205	100	105
Karenic languages	15	10	5	110	60	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	95	45	50
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	10	0	15	15	5
Tibetan	0	0	0	15	5	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Tai-Kadai languages	150	70	75	1,010	460	555
Lao	110	60	50	885	425	460
Thai	35	10	20	125	35	95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	680	365	310	1,890	1,000	890
Azerbaijani	70	45	25	100	65	35
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	580	310	270	1,700	895	800
Uyghur	10	5	10	35	10	20
Uzbek	10	0	5	20	10	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	30	15	20
Uralic languages	295	135	160	1,670	810	860
Estonian	15	10	10	75	30	45
Finnish	25	10	10	105	60	45
Hungarian	255	110	140	1,485	720	770
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	40	15	25
Multiple responses	5,420	2,820	2,600	22,095	11,125	10,970
English and French	485	220	265	2,125	1,000	1,130
English and non-official language(s)	4,230	2,240	1,990	17,400	8,855	8,545
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	320	160	160
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	420	215	205
Multiple non-official languages	480	245	235	1,830	895	935
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,890	284,925	285,965
English	81,860	41,370	40,490	414,035	207,150	206,890
French	160	70	95	990	440	550
Non-official language	9,930	4,910	5,015	42,380	20,775	21,610
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	9,930	4,910	5,015	42,380	20,770	21,610
English and French	1,175	525	655	4,925	2,130	2,790
English and non-official language(s)	25,220	12,995	12,230	102,090	51,355	50,735
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	155	70	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	840	385	455	2,890	1,315	1,580
Multiple non-official languages	745	370	375	3,425	1,695	1,725
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,890	284,925	285,965
Single responses	114,035	57,575	56,465	546,195	272,595	273,595
Official languages	93,275	47,095	46,185	460,975	230,030	230,950
English	92,950	46,945	46,005	459,355	229,275	230,080
French	325	145	180	1,620	750	870
Non-official languages	20,765	10,485	10,280	85,215	42,565	42,650
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	10	10	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,760	10,485	10,280	85,205	42,560	42,645
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,065	1,020	1,050	11,060	5,520	5,540
Berber languages	10	5	5	15	10	5
Kabyle	5	5	5	10	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	10	0	5
Hausa	10	0	5	10	0	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	5	10
Cushitic languages	220	105	115	1,550	750	795
Bilen	10	5	5	525	290	235
Oromo	5	5	5	80	30	55
Somali	170	85	90	875	400	475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	65	35	30
Semitic languages	1,835	905	925	9,480	4,755	4,725
Amharic	50	20	30	640	290	350
Arabic	1,655	825	830	6,290	3,175	3,110
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	375	180	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	215	115	105
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	75	40	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	50
Harari	5	0	0	25	10	15
Hebrew	35	20	20	65	35	30
Maltese	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tigrigna	65	30	40	2,080	1,055	1,020
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	370	175	195	2,725	1,295	1,425
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	140	65	80
Vietnamese	360	170	185	2,570	1,230	1,340
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	10	0	5
Austronesian languages	325	150	175	1,750	850	900
Bikol	0	0	0	0	5	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	65	40	30
Cebuano	10	5	5	60	25	40
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	40	20	20
Ilocano	10	5	5	75	40	35
Indonesian	20	10	10	65	30	35
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	115	140	1,380	665	710
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	10
Creole languages	20	5	15	125	55	70
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	15	5	10
Morisyen	10	5	0	20	10	10
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	10	45	15	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	25	10	10
Dravidian languages	855	480	370	3,010	1,690	1,320
Kannada	30	20	15	80	45	40
Malayalam	260	150	110	1,400	805	605
Tamil	275	130	140	805	410	400
Telugu	280	175	110	700	430	275
Tulu	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	30	15	10	180	90	95
Indo-European languages	8,965	4,640	4,330	51,540	25,835	25,710
Albanian	65	35	35	655	350	310
Armenian	130	65	65	440	210	225
Balto-Slavic languages	1,750	865	885	9,120	4,460	4,665
Baltic languages	0	0	0	15	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Slavic languages	1,750	865	885	9,110	4,455	4,655
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	30	15	15	70	35	30
Czech	30	15	15	175	80	95
Macedonian	15	5	5	120	55	65
Polish	370	180	190	2,105	1,000	1,110
Russian	585	280	305	1,360	645	715
Rusyn	5	0	0	85	50	35
Serbo-Croatian	620	320	300	4,545	2,250	2,295
Bosnian	35	20	15	365	170	200
Croatian	90	45	45	765	365	400
Serbian	490	255	230	3,380	1,700	1,680
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	40	20	20
Slovak	20	10	10	135	65	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	30	15	20
Ukrainian	75	35	35	475	250	220
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	260	120	140	2,860	1,340	1,520
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
High German languages	215	105	115	2,440	1,130	1,315
German	215	105	110	1,505	690	815
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	925	430	495
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	390	200	195
Afrikaans	10	5	5	55	30	25
Dutch	25	10	15	205	90	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	30	15
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	5
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	80	40	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	20	10	10
Danish	10	0	5	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Greek	105	45	65	445	205	240
Indo-Iranian languages	4,930	2,685	2,240	24,820	13,070	11,750
Indo-Aryan languages	3,570	2,000	1,575	20,505	10,925	9,580
Assamese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Bengali	300	150	150	785	385	395
Gujarati	520	295	225	3,755	2,065	1,690
Hindi	770	450	320	2,620	1,450	1,170
Kacchi	5	5	5	45	20	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	10	5	5	20	10	10
Marathi	80	40	40	180	95	85
Nepali	90	55	40	735	375	350
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	940	545	390	8,120	4,385	3,735
Rohingya	20	10	15	185	85	95
Sindhi	20	10	10	95	50	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	190	100	95
Urdu	720	395	330	3,745	1,875	1,865
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	35	15	20
Iranian languages	1,355	685	670	4,310	2,140	2,165
Baluchi	0	0	0	15	10	10
Kurdish	80	45	40	435	210	225
Parsi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Pashto	95	45	45	810	405	405
Persian languages	1,175	590	580	3,020	1,500	1,515
Dari	110	50	60	1,045	505	535
Iranian Persian	925	470	455	1,585	805	790
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	145	75	70	390	200	190
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,720	815	905	13,185	6,200	6,990
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20	335	145	190
Portuguese	390	200	195	4,645	2,140	2,510
Romanian	355	165	190	2,370	1,115	1,255
Spanish	940	440	500	5,825	2,790	3,035
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	120	60	60	240	115	125
Korean	1,005	475	535	2,030	940	1,090
Mongolian	0	0	0	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	405	215	195
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	55	30	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	15	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	20	10	10
Lingala	5	5	5	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	15	10	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	20	10	5
Shona	0	0	0	45	20	20
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10	85	50	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	10	70	35	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	55	30	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	15	145	60	90
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	10	0	10	65	20	40
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	45
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	10	210	125	85
American Sign Language	25	15	5	190	110	75
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,295	3,120	3,170	9,455	4,660	4,795
Chinese languages	6,280	3,110	3,165	9,080	4,475	4,605
Hakka	5	0	5	15	5	5
Mandarin	5,550	2,750	2,800	7,635	3,765	3,865
Min Dong	0	0	5	0	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	75	35	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	40	20	20
Yue (Cantonese)	540	260	275	1,170	570	600
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	70	55	140	75	65
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	365	175	190
Burmese	0	0	0	95	45	50
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	150	70	80
Karenic languages	15	10	0	100	50	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	85	40	40
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Tibetan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	500	225	280
Lao	65	30	35	455	210	250
Thai	15	10	10	45	15	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	430	220	210	1,285	655	630
Azerbaijani	30	20	15	50	25	20
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	5	0
Turkish	390	195	190	1,200	610	595
Uyghur	10	5	5	20	10	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Uralic languages	85	40	45	510	230	280
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	5
Finnish	0	0	0	5	5	5
Hungarian	80	35	40	500	230	275
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Multiple responses	5,940	3,060	2,880	24,695	12,330	12,365
English and French	225	105	120	885	405	485
English and non-official language(s)	5,535	2,870	2,670	23,045	11,580	11,470
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	90	50	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	245	115	130
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55	425	195	235
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	119,980	60,640	59,340	570,885	284,925	285,965
None	96,725	48,820	47,905	477,350	238,290	239,065
English	8,895	4,560	4,335	34,215	17,310	16,905
French	1,020	430	590	4,245	1,770	2,475
Non-official language	10,090	5,105	4,980	42,705	21,145	21,565
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	60	20	45
Non-Indigenous	10,070	5,100	4,970	42,650	21,125	21,525
English and French	135	65	70	420	210	210
English and non-official language(s)	1,280	690	590	5,685	3,000	2,680
French and non-official language(s)	415	200	215	1,360	610	750
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	85	50	35
Multiple non-official languages	1,395	760	635	4,815	2,540	2,280
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	118,390	59,835	58,555	568,065	283,595	284,470
Official languages	116,335	58,970	57,365	557,250	279,215	278,045
English	116,310	58,960	57,350	557,060	279,130	277,930
French	10,370	4,510	5,860	36,220	15,475	20,745
Non-official languages	46,875	23,855	23,020	190,705	94,800	95,905
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	30	30	140	55	85
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	105	35	70
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	20
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	60	15	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	60	15	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	20	0	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	40	15	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	10	15
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,835	23,835	23,000	190,610	94,765	95,845
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,010	2,680	2,330	22,445	11,395	11,050
Berber languages	45	25	20	45	25	20
Kabyle	30	20	10	35	25	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	15	0	10	70	35	30
Hausa	15	0	10	70	35	30
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	10	75	25	50
Cushitic languages	465	240	225	2,930	1,360	1,570
Bilen	0	0	0	785	415	370
Oromo	10	10	0	250	85	160
Somali	310	150	155	1,715	755	965
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	145	85	60	225	125	95
Semitic languages	4,570	2,455	2,115	20,275	10,395	9,880
Amharic	225	130	100	2,165	1,115	1,055
Arabic	3,970	2,130	1,840	14,700	7,640	7,065
Aramaic languages	35	25	15	750	360	390
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	565	280	285
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	50	45
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	110	45	70
Harari	10	0	0	55	20	35
Hebrew	280	160	125	685	420	265
Maltese	0	0	0	60	40	20
Tigrigna	190	100	90	3,960	2,005	1,950
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	60	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	340	455	5,485	2,520	2,960
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	360	160	200
Vietnamese	760	330	430	5,090	2,350	2,745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	45	15	25
Austronesian languages	1,045	460	585	4,940	2,105	2,840
Bikol	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	125	60	60
Cebuano	50	15	35	300	100	205
Fijian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	145	60	90
Ilocano	45	15	25	220	100	120
Indonesian	135	70	60	295	135	155
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	70	35	35	110	45	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	780	340	440	4,205	1,800	2,410
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	55	20	40
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	30	190	90	105
Creole languages	200	100	105	1,030	475	555
Haitian Creole	25	20	10	205	95	110
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	95	60	35
Krio	0	0	0	60	15	50
Morisyen	45	20	25	205	80	125
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	25	325	150	185
Creole languages, n.i.e.	70	25	45	215	100	110
Dravidian languages	2,290	1,390	905	6,815	3,995	2,820
Kannada	185	80	105	415	200	215
Malayalam	630	400	230	2,875	1,775	1,100
Tamil	1,035	610	425	2,705	1,500	1,200
Telugu	735	445	285	1,695	1,015	680
Tulu	10	10	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	30	25	0
Hmong-Mien languages	65	30	30	415	220	195
Indo-European languages	25,500	13,205	12,295	126,630	63,260	63,375
Albanian	70	45	25	1,265	650	615
Armenian	160	80	80	810	380	430
Balto-Slavic languages	4,530	2,260	2,270	22,045	10,660	11,385
Baltic languages	60	25	35	240	125	115
Latvian	20	10	10	120	70	40
Lithuanian	35	10	25	125	55	70
Slavic languages	4,485	2,245	2,245	21,845	10,550	11,290
Belarusian	40	25	15	95	45	50
Bulgarian	130	75	60	310	155	150
Czech	150	90	60	770	380	385
Macedonian	55	30	30	355	165	190
Polish	1,105	540	565	5,855	2,685	3,165
Russian	1,395	695	700	3,785	1,860	1,925
Rusyn	20	20	0	135	75	60
Serbo-Croatian	1,560	780	780	10,035	5,010	5,020
Bosnian	235	115	120	1,100	540	560
Croatian	535	260	275	3,435	1,705	1,730
Serbian	1,140	565	575	6,990	3,470	3,525
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	20	10	150	80	75
Slovak	105	40	65	680	305	370
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	10	35	310	125	185
Ukrainian	450	250	200	1,615	760	855
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	125	50	75
Irish	0	0	0	40	10	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	30	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	45	30	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,900	1,865	2,040	16,250	7,620	8,635
Frisian	0	0	0	30	10	20
High German languages	3,300	1,610	1,690	13,425	6,295	7,130
German	3,215	1,560	1,655	12,060	5,635	6,430
Pennsylvania German	20	0	20	1,420	660	765
Swiss German	25	10	15	125	60	55
Yiddish	50	35	20	55	40	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	505	205	295	3,120	1,435	1,685
Afrikaans	75	30	40	275	150	125
Dutch	355	150	205	2,395	1,070	1,330
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Low Saxon	0	0	0	55	30	25
Plautdietsch	60	25	40	340	170	170
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	55	20	35
Scandinavian languages	175	90	90	475	225	255
Danish	95	25	65	245	90	155
Icelandic	0	0	0	10	0	10
Norwegian	25	25	0	80	55	25
Swedish	60	45	20	160	95	65
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	500	240	255	1,945	935	1,005
Indo-Iranian languages	11,325	6,315	5,015	49,125	26,225	22,905
Indo-Aryan languages	9,060	5,195	3,865	42,555	22,950	19,595
Assamese	0	0	0	20	0	10
Bengali	720	390	335	1,920	995	925
Gujarati	1,250	725	530	7,870	4,435	3,435
Hindi	5,425	3,130	2,290	19,095	10,470	8,630
Kacchi	100	60	40	280	145	135
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	25	10	15	125	60	65
Marathi	370	180	185	840	440	395
Nepali	110	80	30	990	540	445
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	20	20
Odia	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,370	1,390	975	16,150	8,940	7,215
Rohingya	0	0	0	310	125	190
Sindhi	90	50	45	180	85	95
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	210	110	100	575	305	270
Urdu	2,245	1,240	1,010	10,675	5,445	5,225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60	45	15	185	90	90
Iranian languages	2,500	1,245	1,250	7,620	3,795	3,825
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	265	145	120	1,105	565	535
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	295	155	145	1,470	735	735
Persian languages	2,050	1,005	1,050	5,415	2,700	2,715
Dari	240	100	140	1,925	950	975
Iranian Persian	1,600	775	825	3,030	1,510	1,515
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	240	150	90	555	285	260
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	35	20	10
Italic (Romance) languages	5,960	2,870	3,090	38,485	18,370	20,115
Catalan	0	0	0	35	30	0
Italian	730	385	345	3,475	1,775	1,705
Portuguese	1,085	530	555	13,045	6,250	6,795
Romanian	935	460	480	6,215	2,970	3,245
Spanish	3,545	1,660	1,880	17,170	8,110	9,055
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	20	25
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	45	20	20
Japanese	550	275	275	1,265	625	645
Korean	1,560	725	840	2,905	1,370	1,535
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	765	375	390	3,020	1,500	1,520
Akan (Twi)	95	40	50	315	155	155
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	60	15	45
Éwé	15	10	0	45	15	35
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ga	35	15	15	75	40	40
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gikuyu	10	0	10	10	0	10
Igbo	85	40	40	410	215	195
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lingala	0	0	0	80	50	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	90	45	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	35	20	15	225	100	125
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swahili	145	80	65	640	350	285
Wojenaka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	45	25	20
Yoruba	240	120	120	880	455	425
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	130	55	75	480	205	280
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	20	35	540	225	315
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	35	15	15	245	110	135
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	290	105	185
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Sign languages	145	50	90	950	400	545
American Sign Language	130	50	80	855	365	490
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	105	40	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,910	4,905	5,010	15,955	7,875	8,080
Chinese languages	9,900	4,905	5,000	15,425	7,610	7,810
Hakka	15	0	15	40	15	25
Mandarin	8,730	4,325	4,395	12,710	6,285	6,425
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	230	105	120	430	200	230
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	35	100	50	45
Yue (Cantonese)	1,755	825	940	3,575	1,715	1,860
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	90	70	230	135	95
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	535	260	275
Burmese	0	0	0	300	150	150
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	250	120	125
Karenic languages	0	0	0	65	25	30
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	60	25	35
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Tai-Kadai languages	300	125	175	1,485	680	805
Lao	260	115	145	1,325	625	705
Thai	85	25	65	300	105	195
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	960	485	480	2,775	1,425	1,350
Azerbaijani	180	90	95	270	125	140
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	0
Turkish	815	415	400	2,470	1,295	1,175
Uyghur	0	0	0	50	20	25
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	20	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	55	25	40
Uralic languages	420	175	235	2,085	975	1,110
Estonian	15	0	0	110	45	65
Finnish	45	25	15	105	60	45
Hungarian	365	150	220	1,870	870	1,000
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	125	55	70
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,470
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,585	770	810	9,845	4,505	5,345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,435	690	745	9,210	4,245	4,965
First Nations (North American Indian)	825	400	430	5,675	2,605	3,070
Métis	590	280	305	3,345	1,545	1,805
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	185	100	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	60	45	355	150	205
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25	280	115	165
Non-Indigenous identity	116,805	59,065	57,745	558,225	279,090	279,130
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,470
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	415	175	235	2,580	1,135	1,445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	117,980	59,660	58,325	565,485	282,455	283,030
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Owner	28,835	...	...	141,590	...	...
Renter	18,205	...	...	77,470	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Condominium	9,655	...	...	30,380	...	...
Not condominium	37,385	...	...	188,680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
No bedrooms	165	...	...	1,005	...	...
1 bedroom	5,385	...	...	26,050	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,890	...	...	48,235	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,220	...	...	89,840	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,380	...	...	53,940	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,065	...	...	57,690	...	...
5 rooms	6,885	...	...	32,220	...	...
6 rooms	7,260	...	...	34,665	...	...
7 rooms	5,665	...	...	28,620	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,165	...	...	65,860	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,065	...	...	213,130	...	...
More than one person per room	975	...	...	5,935	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Suitable	44,440	...	...	205,970	...	...
Not suitable	2,600	...	...	13,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
1960 or before	4,530	...	...	39,870	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,955	...	...	58,060	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,310	...	...	29,945	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,715	...	...	28,035	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,830	...	...	18,330	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,410	...	...	14,640	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,065	...	...	12,805	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,215	...	...	17,385	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,305	...	...	209,180	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,735	...	...	9,880	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,955	...	...	101,440	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,925	...	...	105,120	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,165	...	...	12,500	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,460	...	...	7,940	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,145	...	...	35,945	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,525	...	...	40,890	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,325	...	...	40,955	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,270	...	...	41,455	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,835	...	...	29,550	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,220	...	...	16,430	...	...
85 years and over	1,250	...	...	5,890	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,630	...	...	217,640	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,415	...	...	169,785	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,210	...	...	47,860	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,355	...	...	43,170	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,040	...	...	219,060	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,260	...	...	64,910	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,055	...	...	42,820	...	...
Not suitable only	1,795	...	...	9,800	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,160	...	...	6,525	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	675	...	...	2,405	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	455	...	...	2,475	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	725	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	155	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,775	...	...	154,150	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,775	...	...	212,950	...	...
In core need	3,580	...	...	19,265	...	...
Not in core need	41,190	...	...	193,685	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,835	...	...	141,085	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.5	...	...	63.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.6	...	...	13.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,612	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	779,000	...	...	731,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	18,205	...	...	77,445	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.7	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	...	...	19.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,352	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	118,390	59,830	58,560	568,065	283,595	284,475
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	215	175	2,605	1,250	1,355
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	185	150	2,500	1,200	1,305
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	235	115	120	1,835	875	965
Métis single ancestry	85	55	35	560	265	290
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	100	55	45
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	30	30	110	55	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	20	75	30	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,005	950	1,050	11,790	5,365	6,425
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,930	925	1,005	11,515	5,245	6,270
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,390	650	740	8,675	3,940	4,730
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	270	255	2,635	1,215	1,425
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	205	90	120
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	45	275	120	150
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	215	100	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	25	30	10	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	30	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	115,995	58,665	57,330	553,670	276,975	276,695
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	118,390	59,830	58,555	568,065	283,595	284,470
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,955	48,885	49,070	502,795	249,580	253,210
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,450	10,140	9,315	110,125	56,760	53,360
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,505	38,750	39,755	392,670	192,820	199,850
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,435	10,945	9,490	65,275	34,010	31,260
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	118,390	59,830	58,555	568,065	283,595	284,470
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	75,610	37,660	37,950	399,245	198,830	200,410
Immigrants⁸¹	32,530	16,260	16,270	146,575	71,600	74,975
Before 1980	5,195	2,570	2,625	28,615	13,895	14,715
1980 to 1990	2,985	1,495	1,490	16,865	8,390	8,475
1991 to 2000	5,595	2,855	2,745	25,005	12,225	12,780
2001 to 2010	7,995	3,870	4,120	31,495	15,035	16,455
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,765	5,475	5,290	44,595	22,055	22,540
2011 to 2015	4,150	2,065	2,080	16,810	8,150	8,665
2016 to 2021	6,610	3,405	3,210	27,780	13,905	13,875
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10,245	5,910	4,335	22,250	13,165	9,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	32,530	16,260	16,270	146,575	71,600	74,975
Under 5 years	3,600	1,960	1,640	15,420	7,900	7,520
5 to 14 years	6,035	3,280	2,760	27,770	14,380	13,390
15 to 24 years	5,290	2,450	2,840	28,585	12,985	15,595
25 to 44 years	14,980	7,335	7,645	63,595	31,085	32,510
45 years and over	2,625	1,235	1,390	11,205	5,250	5,960
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	32,530	16,260	16,270	146,575	71,600	74,975
Americas	3,925	1,915	2,010	20,795	9,730	11,070
Brazil	285	145	145	1,220	565	660
Colombia	295	135	160	2,120	965	1,155
El Salvador	195	100	95	2,060	1,010	1,045
Guyana	400	200	200	2,400	1,160	1,245
Haiti	10	0	10	145	65	80
Jamaica	265	140	125	2,330	1,160	1,165
Mexico	175	105	70	985	480	505
Peru	45	20	25	150	65	80
Trinidad and Tobago	170	85	90	880	395	485
United States of America	1,310	620	690	4,370	1,840	2,530
Other places of birth in Americas	770	365	405	4,135	2,020	2,115
Europe	8,285	4,175	4,115	47,630	23,260	24,370
Bosnia and Herzegovina	440	220	220	2,875	1,455	1,425
Croatia	270	150	120	2,015	1,040	975
France	130	75	55	415	170	245
Germany	905	485	420	3,790	1,910	1,880
Greece	140	90	55	555	290	270
Hungary	155	55	95	665	280	385
Italy	205	100	100	1,150	620	530
Netherlands	235	140	95	1,320	695	625
Poland	745	355	395	4,000	1,835	2,165
Portugal	245	125	120	6,580	3,165	3,415
Romania	750	370	380	4,680	2,255	2,430
Russian Federation	385	160	220	990	430	560
Serbia⁸⁶	450	225	225	2,415	1,155	1,260
Ukraine	245	125	125	1,015	460	550
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,905	950	960	10,130	4,980	5,145
Other places of birth in Europe	1,080	540	540	5,035	2,525	2,505
Africa	2,525	1,320	1,205	13,770	6,900	6,870
Algeria	35	15	20	60	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	215	105	110
Egypt	395	225	170	1,335	710	620
Eritrea	205	95	115	3,125	1,600	1,525
Ethiopia	210	110	105	1,665	795	875
Morocco	15	0	10	55	15	40
Nigeria	360	210	150	1,465	790	670
Somalia	175	90	90	930	390	540
South Africa, Republic of	205	100	105	735	355	380
Other places of birth in Africa	905	475	430	4,185	2,110	2,075
Asia	17,690	8,800	8,895	63,900	31,450	32,450
Afghanistan	130	70	65	1,430	710	720
Iran⁸⁸	1,065	480	585	2,240	1,065	1,175
Iraq	345	165	180	2,325	1,150	1,175
Lebanon	285	135	145	910	440	470
Syria⁸⁹	785	390	395	3,525	1,755	1,765
Turkey	375	215	160	1,210	670	540
China⁹⁰	4,450	2,135	2,320	7,110	3,345	3,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	430	220	210	850	415	440
Korea, South⁹²	880	440	445	1,650	810	840
Taiwan	275	115	155	465	225	235
Philippines	725	300	420	4,165	1,695	2,475
Viet Nam	475	240	240	3,525	1,660	1,860
Bangladesh	320	165	155	1,000	475	525
India	3,440	1,820	1,615	18,265	9,415	8,845
Pakistan	1,340	710	625	6,125	3,075	3,050
Sri Lanka	280	140	140	865	440	430
Other places of birth in Asia	2,085	1,070	1,015	8,240	4,105	4,135
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105	60	50	480	265	215
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,610	3,405	3,205	27,785	13,905	13,880
Americas	630	300	330	2,770	1,385	1,385
Brazil	170	95	80	695	335	355
Colombia	0	0	0	260	140	125
Haiti	0	0	0	20	20	0
Jamaica	70	35	35	310	145	170
Mexico	30	20	15	100	40	60
United States of America	215	105	115	590	320	270
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	10	15	200	100	105
Other places of birth in Americas	115	40	80	595	285	305
Europe	550	265	285	1,995	965	1,025
France	15	10	0	55	25	30
Germany	70	40	35	175	90	80
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	45	25	25
Italy	10	0	0	30	15	15
Russian Federation	80	40	45	210	100	110
Ukraine	65	25	45	325	125	195
United Kingdom⁸⁷	70	50	25	230	165	70
Other places of birth in Europe	225	100	125	915	420	500
Africa	910	470	435	5,525	2,750	2,775
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	65	25	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	95	40	55
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	15	0	10
Egypt	85	40	40	220	105	120
Eritrea	145	60	80	2,215	1,140	1,070
Ethiopia	85	40	40	480	215	265
Morocco	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nigeria	195	120	75	945	505	440
Somalia	65	40	30	260	110	150
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	25	200	85	115
Sudan⁹⁷	50	20	25	325	170	160
Tunisia	0	0	0	30	20	15
Other places of birth in Africa	205	120	90	660	325	335
Asia	4,510	2,355	2,155	17,400	8,725	8,675
Afghanistan	20	10	10	285	165	120
Bangladesh	85	55	30	195	110	90
China⁹⁰	890	410	480	1,440	670	775
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	45	25	25
India	1,270	730	535	6,580	3,490	3,090
Iran⁸⁸	215	100	115	400	165	235
Iraq	75	45	30	545	280	260
Israel	55	20	30	295	160	130
Japan	10	0	10	85	15	70
Jordan	40	20	20	220	125	100
Korea, South⁹²	115	60	60	280	145	140
Lebanon	40	20	25	180	55	125
Nepal	20	15	10	45	25	25
Pakistan	285	135	150	990	455	535
Philippines	280	140	135	1,015	460	550
Saudi Arabia	85	50	35	320	160	155
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	95	50	45
Syria⁸⁹	545	285	260	2,500	1,230	1,265
Turkey	220	130	95	755	415	340
United Arab Emirates	65	45	25	245	155	85
Viet Nam	55	20	30	300	115	185
Other places of birth in Asia	115	65	50	575	255	320
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	100	80	15
Australia	0	0	0	75	60	15
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	25	25	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,470
First generation¹⁰⁰	44,095	22,805	21,290	173,740	87,070	86,670
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,535	12,115	11,420	119,150	60,430	58,720
Third generation or more¹⁰²	50,765	24,910	25,850	275,170	136,085	139,090
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	27,340	13,690	13,645	117,960	57,705	60,260
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	16,480	8,765	7,715	52,765	27,665	25,100
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	6,490	4,675	1,805	21,495	14,795	6,695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	9,995	4,085	5,905	31,270	12,860	18,405
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,720	2,160	3,560	31,485	12,555	18,935
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,895	2,650	2,245	32,680	16,985	15,695
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	245	115	125	1,025	500	525
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	27,340	13,690	13,645	117,960	57,705	60,260
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,245	670	580	6,725	3,525	3,200
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,605	1,290	1,315	9,060	4,475	4,585
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,275	630	645	2,940	1,480	1,465
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,090	1,250	840	6,810	3,975	2,835
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	35	60	535	185	350
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	20,020	9,815	10,210	91,890	44,060	47,830
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	118,390	59,835	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,470
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	41,465	21,720	19,745	158,810	81,285	77,530
South Asian	12,680	7,245	5,435	55,305	29,910	25,390
Chinese	10,870	5,415	5,455	17,180	8,500	8,685
Black	3,660	1,925	1,735	26,550	13,450	13,100
Filipino	1,140	525	615	5,980	2,650	3,330
Arab	3,155	1,695	1,460	10,960	5,750	5,210
Latin American	2,250	1,185	1,065	12,775	6,285	6,490
Southeast Asian	1,670	775	895	10,520	5,010	5,515
West Asian	2,005	1,000	1,010	6,040	3,105	2,935
Korean	1,645	785	870	3,155	1,540	1,615
Japanese	520	250	270	1,230	560	675
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	735	390	350	4,055	2,030	2,020
Multiple visible minorities	1,130	525	600	5,060	2,490	2,570
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,925	38,115	38,810	409,255	202,315	206,945
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	118,390	59,835	58,555	568,065	283,595	284,470
Canadian	12,045	6,080	5,965	72,355	36,715	35,645
English	20,130	9,880	10,250	103,605	51,035	52,575
Irish	16,890	7,970	8,925	84,800	40,330	44,470
Scottish	17,330	8,245	9,085	84,965	40,520	44,445
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,145	3,535	3,605	36,210	17,745	18,465
German	21,150	10,525	10,625	98,975	48,525	50,450
Chinese	10,510	5,270	5,245	18,230	9,030	9,200
Italian	3,875	1,985	1,890	19,475	9,755	9,720
Indian (India)	7,620	4,380	3,240	31,040	16,960	14,085
Ukrainian	2,900	1,420	1,480	12,570	6,115	6,455
Dutch	4,610	2,310	2,295	23,165	11,430	11,735
Polish	4,805	2,230	2,570	23,190	11,145	12,045
Québécois	155	70	85	885	435	450
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,890	2,440	2,445	21,620	10,430	11,190
Filipino	1,070	490	580	6,005	2,655	3,350
French Canadian	965	465	500	5,945	2,840	3,105
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,080	1,010	1,075	9,220	4,620	4,600
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	770	390	375	4,510	2,195	2,315
Métis	725	385	340	3,550	1,650	1,900
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,705	910	795	8,285	4,200	4,085
Russian	1,855	890	965	6,135	2,950	3,185
Norwegian	605	335	270	2,235	1,085	1,150
Welsh	1,825	855	965	8,275	4,030	4,250
Portuguese	1,455	740	720	19,950	9,975	9,975
American	1,425	675	750	5,790	2,910	2,880
Spanish	955	455	500	5,380	2,635	2,745
Swedish	600	300	300	2,285	1,130	1,155
Hungarian	1,405	650	755	8,185	3,985	4,200
Acadian	285	150	135	1,335	640	695
Pakistani	1,560	840	720	8,015	4,010	4,005
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	645	375	270	4,750	2,525	2,220
Jewish	735	380	355	2,030	1,030	1,000
Punjabi	745	460	280	4,620	2,515	2,105
Vietnamese	880	375	505	6,005	2,905	3,100
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,700	875	830	4,745	2,420	2,325
Greek	910	445	465	3,690	1,875	1,815
Jamaican	630	345	285	5,140	2,640	2,500
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,025	510	510	2,995	1,490	1,500
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	15	25	420	215	205
Korean	1,570	770	805	3,050	1,515	1,535
Romanian	1,600	800	800	9,035	4,490	4,545
Lebanese	565	280	280	1,835	900	940
Iranian	1,445	700	740	2,775	1,395	1,375
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	485	230	255	3,370	1,690	1,680
Danish	600	280	315	2,285	1,080	1,205
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	250	115	130	1,980	910	1,070
Sikh	205	120	85	2,790	1,525	1,270
Austrian	1,110	570	540	4,000	1,990	2,005
Belgian	565	335	235	2,405	1,240	1,160
Haitian	0	0	0	195	95	100
Hindu	1,100	655	445	4,065	2,265	1,795
Mexican	350	215	140	1,935	1,035	900
Mennonite	930	435	495	4,790	2,370	2,420
Swiss	1,305	665	635	6,785	3,400	3,385
Finnish	430	220	210	1,850	900	955
Sri Lankan	365	185	180	965	510	450
Croatian	845	465	380	5,020	2,550	2,470
Japanese	585	260	320	1,520	690	830
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	760	370	390	2,315	1,150	1,165
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	220	80	140	1,390	565	825
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330	170	160	1,245	590	655
Muslim	675	380	295	3,025	1,575	1,450
Egyptian	600	340	260	1,760	955	805
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	470	220	250	2,660	1,330	1,330
Tamil	375	195	180	910	490	415
Icelandic	150	85	70	500	290	210
Colombian	330	160	165	2,305	1,090	1,210
Moroccan	30	15	10	95	40	55
Czech	480	230	250	2,200	1,025	1,175
Syrian	550	280	265	2,525	1,260	1,265
Guyanese	390	200	190	3,000	1,520	1,480
Afghan	290	140	150	2,360	1,180	1,180
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	250	115	135	1,410	695	715
Serbian	1,110	565	540	6,795	3,450	3,345
Ojibway	130	60	70	865	390	475
Newfoundlander	345	170	175	2,875	1,425	1,450
Hong Konger	220	80	140	470	205	265
Ontarian	470	215	250	2,925	1,415	1,510
Persian	710	370	340	1,320	660	655
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	330	170	155	1,465	730	735
Turkish	705	370	330	2,375	1,250	1,125
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	40	35	400	185	215
Bangladeshi	525	290	235	1,195	610	590
Algerian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Brazilian	435	225	210	1,940	955	990
Nigerian	315	190	125	1,340	680	665
Armenian	280	145	135	1,335	680	655
Slovak	350	195	155	1,790	945	845
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	335	150	190	1,325	610	715
Somali	325	165	160	1,795	830	970
Taiwanese	330	150	180	570	285	285
Iraqi	175	80	100	1,680	845	835
Salvadorean	225	105	120	2,240	1,115	1,125
African Caribbean	125	55	75	650	315	335
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	385	150	235	1,035	505	530
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	630	320	310	1,505	770	735
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	70	75	805	350	455
Algonquin	65	25	40	345	155	190
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	85	50	35	1,005	495	510
Lithuanian	190	85	105	955	465	490
South African	155	70	80	700	375	325
Australian	195	100	95	630	350	280
Palestinian	280	160	125	1,220	650	565
Chilean	110	55	50	495	245	250
Congolese	30	20	15	350	190	155
Nova Scotian	115	55	60	490	215	275
Ethiopian	210	135	80	1,585	770	815
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	80	50	965	450	515
Peruvian	85	60	25	305	155	145
Yoruba	245	100	140	825	395	435
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	600	275	320
Berber	100	35	60	155	65	90
Albanian	130	80	45	1,135	580	550
Maltese	150	65	80	775	370	400
Macedonian	85	50	40	725	360	365
Slovenian	160	75	85	1,090	585	505
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	70	40	615	335	285
New Brunswicker	75	20	50	295	110	180
Gujarati	375	235	145	1,785	1,100	690
Eritrean	225	115	105	3,240	1,630	1,610
African Canadian	75	30	45	465	215	250
Israeli	150	80	65	355	210	140
Mohawk	115	75	40	445	245	195
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	135	80	55	560	235	325
Bulgarian	150	85	70	635	340	295
Albertan	10	0	10	55	20	35
Ghanaian	130	45	80	495	225	270
Barbadian	110	55	55	570	265	310
African American	30	15	15	290	185	105
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	230	105	125	1,130	590	535
Tunisian	30	20	10	55	30	30
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	115	55	65	645	330	320
Cuban	95	30	60	540	245	290
Bosnian	300	170	130	1,485	740	740
Venezuelan	90	55	35	370	200	165
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	20	15	0
Latvian	110	70	45	545	310	235
Bengali	125	80	45	445	220	225
Cameroonian	15	10	0	120	55	65
Guatemalan	305	130	175	820	395	420
Indonesian	120	60	55	355	155	205
Laotian	325	170	155	1,970	945	1,030
Ilocano	40	30	0	160	85	70
Northern Irish	135	60	70	625	305	315
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75	50	25	300	185	120
British Columbian	10	10	0	50	35	20
Ecuadorian	120	75	50	275	140	135
Franco Ontarian	90	30	60	230	115	115
Argentinian	80	40	40	365	155	205
Estonian	125	50	70	540	245	295
Kurdish	180	110	70	910	500	415
Fijian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Jatt	0	0	0	335	195	140
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	75	55	345	170	170
Coptic	40	30	15	420	215	205
Thai	145	75	70	465	190	280
Dominican	45	25	15	375	220	160
Nepali	75	60	20	555	305	245
Kabyle	25	10	20	25	10	20
Assyrian	30	20	10	375	190	185
Igbo	80	40	40	240	135	105
Byelorussian	120	60	60	320	150	170
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	105	45	55
Abenaki	0	0	0	40	15	25
Moldovan	35	20	15	290	155	135
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	100	45	50
New Zealander	65	45	20	240	155	90
Sudanese	100	55	45	810	390	415
Breton	10	0	0	25	15	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	320	135	190	1,720	735	980
Malaysian	130	40	90	205	85	125
Plains Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	0	105	70	35
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15	50	20	30
Saskatchewanian	20	10	10	45	35	15
Buddhist	55	20	30	350	160	185
Gaspesian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Norman	15	10	0	75	40	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	40	355	160	195
Ivorian	20	10	15	20	10	15
Saulteaux	0	0	0	15	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	15	25	155	50	105
Burundian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tigrinya	40	10	35	1,095	575	525
Nicaraguan	145	90	55	835	430	405
Mauritian	25	10	15	135	50	80
Kenyan	90	45	45	245	115	130
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	10	0	10
Vincentian	0	0	0	160	100	60
Jordanian	50	20	30	365	200	165
Manitoban	10	0	10	55	20	35
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	220	90	125
Rwandan	0	0	0	65	30	35
Grenadian	10	10	0	140	90	50
Malayali	95	45	50	450	240	215
Chaldean	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sinhalese	65	35	30	190	90	105
Mayan	45	20	25	285	155	130
Honduran	60	30	40	230	120	110
Cherokee	0	0	0	95	20	75
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	10	110	45	65
Indo-Caribbean	50	10	35	270	115	155
Flemish	40	30	15	155	90	65
United Empire Loyalist	70	35	35	245	110	130
Senegalese	0	0	0	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	120	50	70	200	90	110
Sicilian	0	0	0	175	105	70
Pashtun	105	70	35	445	235	205
Malay	30	10	15	85	45	45
Goan	65	40	25	140	80	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	50	35	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	25	10	10
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	245	105	140
Burmese	15	10	10	480	225	255
Mongolian	15	15	10	75	40	35
Azorean	60	40	20	575	270	305
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	60	35	25	270	125	140
Ugandan	15	0	10	100	50	45
Oromo	30	20	10	305	145	160
Tanzanian	30	15	10	135	75	60
Yemeni	70	25	40	130	70	65
Central African	0	0	0	30	15	20
Libyan	170	100	65	375	235	140
Basque	15	0	15	50	15	35
Uruguayan	30	10	15	115	40	75
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	10	30	140	60	75
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	10	25	135	65	75
Igorot	0	0	0	65	30	35
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	15	0	10
Guinean	0	0	0	40	15	25
St. Lucian	20	20	0	125	80	45
Prince Edward Islander	20	20	10	75	45	35
Maliseet	0	0	0	15	0	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	75	60	15	140	100	40
Roma	15	0	10	135	50	85
Costa Rican	30	10	20	140	80	60
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	70	40	25
Singaporean	55	25	30	80	45	35
Karen	0	0	0	65	30	35
Edo	25	0	25	115	45	70
Tajik	0	0	0	185	100	90
Amhara	35	20	15	285	155	130
Paraguayan	10	0	10	70	20	50
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	118,390	59,830	58,560	568,065	283,590	284,475
Buddhist	1,335	575	755	5,580	2,585	3,000
Christian	54,215	25,620	28,595	298,560	140,760	157,805
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,720	4,640	5,075	48,815	23,290	25,530
Anabaptist	1,545	710	835	8,845	4,105	4,735
Anglican	3,290	1,420	1,865	17,100	7,705	9,390
Baptist	1,280	625	655	8,230	3,775	4,455
Catholic	21,185	10,200	10,985	129,310	61,930	67,380
Christian Orthodox	2,810	1,435	1,375	16,150	8,015	8,135
Jehovah's Witness	370	165	200	1,970	905	1,065
Latter Day Saints	170	85	90	865	440	430
Lutheran	3,780	1,780	1,990	16,130	7,455	8,675
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	205	105	105	1,810	900	910
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,145	545	600	8,010	3,705	4,305
Presbyterian	2,030	915	1,115	9,825	4,305	5,520
Reformed	215	100	115	1,755	850	900
United Church	3,960	1,710	2,255	17,485	7,590	9,895
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,510	1,180	1,335	12,275	5,790	6,485
Hindu	5,580	3,200	2,385	19,595	10,830	8,760
Jewish	640	340	305	1,480	800	675
Muslim	9,540	4,955	4,580	38,655	19,480	19,170
Sikh	1,390	800	590	12,295	6,655	5,640
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	10	25	125	55	70
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,085	505	575	4,440	1,890	2,550
No religion and secular perspectives	44,575	23,825	20,750	187,335	100,540	86,795
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,480	59,400	58,080	562,280	280,665	281,615
Non-movers	96,620	48,250	48,370	486,095	241,240	244,860
Movers	20,855	11,150	9,710	76,180	39,425	36,755
Non-migrants	11,125	6,010	5,115	39,900	20,925	18,970
Migrants	9,740	5,140	4,595	36,280	18,495	17,785
Internal migrants	7,180	3,740	3,435	30,565	15,575	14,990
Intraprovincial migrants	6,585	3,425	3,160	28,555	14,505	14,045
Interprovincial migrants	590	315	275	2,010	1,065	945
External migrants	2,565	1,405	1,155	5,715	2,920	2,795
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,415	57,250	56,160	537,545	267,930	269,615
Non-movers	59,995	29,470	30,525	313,365	153,945	159,420
Movers	53,420	27,785	25,635	224,185	113,985	110,195
Non-migrants	13,695	7,160	6,525	79,135	39,855	39,275
Migrants	39,725	20,620	19,105	145,050	74,135	70,920
Internal migrants	26,370	13,115	13,255	106,035	52,980	53,050
Intraprovincial migrants	23,875	11,765	12,115	96,685	48,135	48,550
Interprovincial migrants	2,495	1,350	1,140	9,350	4,850	4,500
External migrants	13,355	7,505	5,850	39,015	21,150	17,865
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,250	5,670	5,580	81,655	41,235	40,415
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	89,565	45,030	44,535	387,950	191,740	196,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,245	31,460	30,785	309,190	154,155	155,035
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,355	1,785	1,570	32,610	17,485	15,130
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	58,890	29,680	29,210	276,580	136,670	139,905
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,335	5,205	5,140	74,680	37,135	37,545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,335	12,820	12,515	130,950	66,605	64,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	65,150	32,675	32,465	263,965	129,235	134,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,230	10,640	10,590	128,465	64,815	63,650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,185	2,215	970	24,165	17,365	6,790
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,530	890	640	11,025	6,715	4,310
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,655	1,320	330	13,130	10,650	2,485
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,125	7,435	8,690	95,295	43,025	52,265
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,925	995	930	9,005	4,420	4,590
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,915	22,035	21,880	135,505	64,420	71,085
Bachelor's degree	26,265	12,815	13,450	88,715	41,185	47,535
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,170	940	1,230	7,710	3,470	4,230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	845	405	440	2,730	1,260	1,470
Master's degree	11,185	5,570	5,615	30,080	14,475	15,605
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	3,455	2,305	1,150	6,275	4,030	2,235
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	62,245	31,465	30,780	309,190	154,155	155,035
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,870	1,555	1,310	28,695	15,365	13,325
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,510	5,620	4,895	73,870	39,060	34,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,870	24,290	24,575	206,625	99,730	106,895
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,945	7,475	7,470	97,035	48,635	48,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,905	1,295	605	16,530	11,765	4,765
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	910	525	385	7,345	4,395	2,955
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	995	775	220	9,185	7,365	1,815
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,790	5,540	6,250	74,150	33,825	40,325
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,250	640	615	6,355	3,045	3,310
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,920	16,815	17,110	109,595	51,095	58,495
Bachelor's degree	19,285	9,370	9,910	70,040	32,170	37,870
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,620	690	935	6,170	2,680	3,495
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	650	265	390	2,270	940	1,325
Master's degree	9,480	4,650	4,835	25,930	12,130	13,800
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,875	1,835	1,040	5,180	3,180	2,005
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,975	236,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,670	18,025	17,650	205,635	103,740	101,895
Education	3,265	770	2,495	13,000	2,865	10,135
13. Education	3,265	770	2,495	13,000	2,865	10,135
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,935	720	1,210	8,280	3,320	4,960
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	125	50	770	590	185
50. Visual and performing arts	1,755	595	1,160	7,505	2,735	4,775
Humanities	4,820	1,810	3,015	17,235	6,400	10,830
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	70	315	1,220	250	970
23. English language and literature/letters	1,425	410	1,010	4,415	1,150	3,265
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,140	435	705	4,640	1,610	3,035
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	20	60	420	130	290
38. Philosophy and religious studies	425	210	220	1,350	655	695
39. Theology and religious vocations	440	260	180	2,045	1,225	820
54. History	625	340	280	2,315	1,240	1,075
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	295	55	245	825	145	685
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,615	3,120	5,495	32,475	10,275	22,200
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	35	85	405	70	330
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,005	400	600	4,135	1,605	2,525
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,005	75	930	5,830	380	5,455
22. Legal professions and studies	885	275	615	3,925	1,140	2,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	275	80	200	935	320	615
42. Psychology	1,730	430	1,300	5,545	1,330	4,210
45. Social sciences	3,595	1,830	1,765	11,705	5,430	6,275
Business, management and public administration	12,160	5,595	6,570	52,125	22,275	29,855
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	100	35	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	930	185	745	4,560	840	3,720
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,200	5,405	5,800	47,470	21,405	26,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,960	2,015	1,945	11,995	5,695	6,300
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,505	545	960	4,775	1,760	3,020
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	805	420	385	2,810	1,310	1,505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	20	35	185	50	135
40. Physical sciences	1,485	985	500	3,740	2,390	1,345
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	40	65	485	190	300
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	6,925	4,645	2,275	18,275	12,390	5,885
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,580	3,315	1,265	13,220	9,500	3,720
25. Library science	220	30	190	695	120	575
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,855	1,100	750	3,775	2,345	1,430
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	270	200	75	575	420	160
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,320	10,835	2,490	57,140	50,160	6,980
04. Architecture and related services	510	270	245	1,830	1,075	755
14. Engineering	7,345	5,635	1,710	19,505	15,600	3,900
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,585	2,215	375	13,400	11,755	1,645
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,020	955	70	7,425	7,180	245
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	910	35	7,980	7,790	195
48. Precision production	910	845	65	6,995	6,760	230
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	595	655	5,430	2,805	2,625
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	605	295	310	3,370	1,710	1,665
03. Natural resources and conservation	640	300	345	2,060	1,105	960
Health and related fields	6,725	1,575	5,150	33,840	6,300	27,545
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,075	405	670	4,015	1,700	2,315
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,425	1,040	4,380	29,120	4,250	24,875
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	105	15	90
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	135	85	595	335	260
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045	975	1,070	13,810	6,680	7,130
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,230	365	860	7,350	1,845	5,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	15	15	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	70	65	0
43. Security and protective services	580	395	185	4,400	2,955	1,445
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	195	25	1,985	1,810	175
Other¹⁷⁹	115	25	90	360	65	295
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	62,245	31,465	30,780	309,185	154,155	155,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,380	7,175	6,205	102,565	54,425	48,135
Education	2,255	460	1,795	9,465	1,940	7,535
13. Education	2,255	460	1,795	9,465	1,940	7,535
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,465	485	985	6,565	2,535	4,035
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	85	40	555	420	135
50. Visual and performing arts	1,340	400	940	6,015	2,115	3,900
Humanities	3,370	1,245	2,125	12,880	4,730	8,155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	45	230	915	175	740
23. English language and literature/letters	990	290	705	3,420	900	2,520
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	290	470	3,375	1,140	2,240
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	45	305	105	205
38. Philosophy and religious studies	300	150	150	975	510	465
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	175	140	1,465	870	595
54. History	470	250	215	1,830	950	880
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	195	25	165	590	85	505
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,430	2,265	4,165	25,775	7,765	18,005
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	25	80	340	45	295
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	795	305	490	3,505	1,310	2,195
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	50	720	4,675	290	4,385
22. Legal professions and studies	695	180	510	3,205	810	2,390
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	65	165	750	260	495
42. Psychology	1,150	295	860	4,045	890	3,150
45. Social sciences	2,685	1,340	1,345	9,250	4,155	5,100
Business, management and public administration	9,245	4,180	5,060	41,655	17,375	24,285
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	25	75	20	50
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	115	600	3,695	575	3,125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,500	4,065	4,435	37,890	16,780	21,110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,935	1,465	1,470	9,285	4,275	5,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,170	425	750	3,780	1,340	2,440
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	560	315	255	2,095	990	1,105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	10	35	155	40	115
40. Physical sciences	1,090	710	380	2,915	1,790	1,125
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	0	55	340	105	230
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,430	3,645	1,785	15,205	10,395	4,815
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,830	2,785	1,045	11,460	8,290	3,170
25. Library science	155	25	130	500	100	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,260	695	565	2,805	1,680	1,125
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	190	140	50	440	325	115
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,230	8,195	2,040	44,310	38,385	5,925
04. Architecture and related services	410	210	200	1,525	885	640
14. Engineering	5,945	4,500	1,445	16,150	12,710	3,435
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,980	1,690	290	10,665	9,330	1,340
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	650	620	30	5,260	5,085	165
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	595	580	20	5,765	5,615	150
48. Precision production	650	600	50	4,940	4,760	180
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	955	435	520	4,320	2,095	2,220
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	205	260	2,600	1,180	1,420
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	230	260	1,720	915	800
Health and related fields	4,970	1,190	3,780	25,995	4,895	21,105
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855	315	530	3,185	1,325	1,860
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,950	780	3,165	22,255	3,315	18,945
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	95	10	90
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	80	70	460	245	215
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,490	705	775	10,875	5,300	5,580
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	885	250	630	5,625	1,395	4,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	30	30	0
43. Security and protective services	420	295	120	3,695	2,490	1,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	155	25	1,530	1,385	140
Other¹⁷⁹	90	15	70	280	45	235
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	62,245	31,465	30,780	309,185	154,155	155,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,380	7,175	6,205	102,565	54,425	48,135
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	48,870	24,290	24,575	206,625	99,730	106,895
Location of study inside Canada	36,130	17,955	18,180	161,690	77,395	84,290
Same as province or territory of residence	33,885	16,835	17,050	153,220	73,170	80,050
Different than province or territory of residence	2,250	1,120	1,130	8,470	4,225	4,245
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	12,740	6,340	6,400	44,940	22,335	22,600
Americas	2,465	1,305	1,160	8,895	4,495	4,395
United States of America	1,710	960	750	5,100	2,730	2,375
Mexico	75	45	25	380	170	205
Cuba	15	10	10	160	90	70
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0
Jamaica	30	15	20	240	110	125
Brazil	260	110	150	1,065	495	575
Colombia	125	50	70	865	410	455
Peru	15	0	10	40	20	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	130	45	85
Other locations of study in Americas	210	95	110	895	410	480
Europe	2,410	1,280	1,130	9,250	4,775	4,475
Belgium	10	10	0	25	10	10
France	125	75	50	275	155	120
Germany	165	95	65	460	245	220
Netherlands	55	35	25	165	90	70
Switzerland	20	15	10	65	35	25
Hungary	70	25	40	145	55	90
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10	100	65	35
Poland	130	50	80	700	315	385
Romania	225	110	115	1,520	755	765
Russian Federation	155	70	85	445	220	230
Ukraine	120	60	55	500	255	250
Ireland⁹⁶	50	30	20	150	80	75
United Kingdom⁸⁷	740	420	320	2,465	1,375	1,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	55	65	450	215	235
Italy	55	35	20	105	70	40
Serbia⁸⁶	95	60	30	505	270	240
Other locations of study in Europe	260	125	135	1,165	575	590
Africa	605	275	330	2,670	1,345	1,320
Nigeria	145	75	70	640	320	315
Algeria	20	15	10	30	20	10
Morocco	10	0	10	40	0	30
Tunisia	0	0	0	25	10	15
Egypt	210	80	120	585	270	315
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	30	245	120	125
Other locations of study in Africa	170	90	85	1,105	600	505
Asia	7,045	3,380	3,665	23,295	11,305	11,990
Iran⁸⁸	415	175	240	720	315	405
Iraq	90	40	50	485	235	250
Israel	65	35	30	105	75	35
Lebanon	30	25	0	180	85	90
Syria⁸⁹	105	65	45	485	235	250
Turkey	165	85	85	420	225	195
China⁹⁰	1,520	660	855	2,395	1,070	1,325
Taiwan	45	0	40	100	35	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	30	50	110	40	65
Japan	120	60	60	240	105	130
Korea, South⁹²	505	225	285	940	410	535
Philippines	415	135	275	2,025	735	1,290
Viet Nam	45	15	30	230	60	175
Bangladesh	115	45	75	315	110	200
Sri Lanka	50	35	10	195	115	80
India	2,560	1,425	1,140	11,350	6,085	5,270
Pakistan	370	140	230	1,835	825	1,015
Other locations of study in Asia	350	180	165	1,165	570	595
Oceania	210	95	120	830	415	420
Australia	175	85	95	725	355	370
New Zealand	35	10	25	105	60	50
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,980	236,625
In the labour force	65,955	35,530	30,425	311,910	165,560	146,350
Employed	58,050	31,860	26,190	277,975	149,830	128,150
Unemployed	7,905	3,670	4,235	33,930	15,730	18,200
Not in the labour force	34,865	15,170	19,695	157,690	67,420	90,270
Participation rate	65.4	70.1	60.7	66.4	71.1	61.8
Employment rate	57.6	62.8	52.3	59.2	64.3	54.2
Unemployment rate	12.0	10.3	13.9	10.9	9.5	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,820	50,700	50,120	469,600	232,975	236,620
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,650	15,415	19,230	158,255	68,450	89,805
Worked	66,170	35,280	30,890	311,350	164,530	146,815
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,455	20,245	14,215	172,025	99,270	72,755
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,720	15,040	16,675	139,320	65,260	74,055
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.5	39.3	41.7	42.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,955	35,530	30,425	311,905	165,555	146,350
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,925	925	1,000	7,585	3,655	3,925
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,035	34,605	29,430	304,330	161,900	142,430
Employee	56,260	29,875	26,385	267,490	139,530	127,965
Permanent position	45,215	24,385	20,825	230,160	121,590	108,565
Temporary position	11,040	5,490	5,555	37,335	17,935	19,400
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,580	1,730	1,855	12,520	5,910	6,615
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,465	3,765	3,700	24,810	12,025	12,780
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,775	4,725	3,040	36,830	22,375	14,465
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,955	35,530	30,425	311,905	165,555	146,350
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,925	925	1,000	7,585	3,655	3,925
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,035	34,605	29,430	304,330	161,900	142,430
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,065	740	325	3,525	2,550	975
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,205	4,040	7,170	50,700	16,120	34,580
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,260	8,400	2,860	35,365	26,940	8,420
3 Health occupations	3,560	900	2,660	19,410	3,480	15,935
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,680	3,910	5,770	34,245	11,555	22,695
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,040	820	1,215	7,990	3,200	4,795
6 Sales and service occupations	14,280	6,895	7,380	70,920	31,080	39,840
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,640	5,970	670	50,370	45,515	4,860
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	705	540	165	5,015	3,550	1,460
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,595	2,380	1,210	26,790	17,915	8,870
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,955	35,530	30,425	311,905	165,555	146,350
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,925	925	1,000	7,585	3,655	3,925
All industries¹⁹¹	64,035	34,605	29,430	304,330	161,900	142,430
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370	230	140	3,425	2,035	1,395
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	50	15	360	275	85
22 Utilities	290	225	60	1,465	1,125	340
23 Construction	3,180	2,630	555	21,865	18,625	3,245
31-33 Manufacturing	6,825	4,840	1,985	47,200	33,215	13,985
41 Wholesale trade	1,900	1,285	615	11,225	7,440	3,780
44-45 Retail trade	6,510	3,355	3,155	32,485	15,845	16,645
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,915	1,480	440	14,815	11,320	3,500
51 Information and cultural industries	2,565	1,570	990	8,325	4,805	3,525
52 Finance and insurance	5,055	2,260	2,790	17,760	6,975	10,785
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,065	590	480	4,815	2,540	2,275
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,940	5,760	3,180	28,965	17,325	11,640
55 Management of companies and enterprises	340	165	180	1,115	495	620
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,390	1,400	990	12,890	7,125	5,765
61 Educational services	8,770	3,615	5,160	26,635	9,035	17,600
62 Health care and social assistance	5,670	1,295	4,375	31,400	5,245	26,150
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	460	480	3,975	1,985	1,990
72 Accommodation and food services	3,420	1,620	1,800	15,315	6,560	8,755
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,920	850	1,070	10,455	5,040	5,410
91 Public administration	1,900	935	960	9,840	4,895	4,945
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	71,760	38,380	33,375	333,145	175,545	157,595
English	68,270	36,720	31,545	318,915	168,900	150,020
French	100	25	75	525	135	385
Non-official language	565	305	255	1,945	1,045	900
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	565	305	255	1,945	1,045	900
English and French	810	325	485	3,580	1,185	2,400
English and non-official language(s)	1,945	970	975	7,900	4,185	3,715
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	10	40	210	55	150
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	0	65	40	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	71,760	38,380	33,375	333,145	175,545	157,595
Single responses	71,325	38,215	33,115	331,295	174,780	156,520
Official languages	70,375	37,695	32,675	327,960	172,990	154,970
English	70,170	37,660	32,510	326,920	172,785	154,135
French	200	35	165	1,040	210	830
Non-official languages	950	520	435	3,340	1,785	1,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	950	520	435	3,340	1,785	1,550
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	50	20	295	175	115
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	45	20	280	175	110
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	65	45	20	235	160	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35	15	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	150	65	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	150	60	90
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	40	25	20
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	30	20	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	20	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	120	115	1,835	995	845
Albanian	0	0	0	25	10	0
Armenian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	15	260	140	115
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	25	15	255	140	110
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	50	25	25
Russian	20	15	10	60	30	30
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	85	50	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	15	10	10	65	40	30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	50	40	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	15	10	625	320	310
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	15	15	0	595	300	295
German	15	15	0	220	105	120
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	375	200	175
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	30	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	35	50	415	245	175
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	20	365	230	135
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	0	0	30	15	10
Hindi	10	0	0	55	25	25
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	10	10	0	10	10	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	245	170	80
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	0	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	0	30	55	15	40
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	0	20	40	0	30
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	0	20	40	0	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	35	35	500	260	235
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	25	10	160	100	50
Romanian	10	0	0	70	40	30
Spanish	35	10	25	275	120	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0	35	20	20
Korean	55	35	20	90	65	25
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	60	25	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	55	25	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	290	270	775	405	370
Chinese languages	560	290	270	775	405	370
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	505	255	250	690	345	345
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	40	10	70	55	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	25	0	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10	25	0	20
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	435	165	270	1,845	765	1,075
English and French	105	40	65	515	110	405
English and non-official language(s)	320	125	200	1,310	655	655
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	71,760	38,380	33,375	333,145	175,545	157,595
None	69,320	37,200	32,120	323,010	170,740	152,270
English	450	190	260	1,750	725	1,020
French	605	270	330	2,575	995	1,580
Non-official language	1,210	640	575	4,820	2,580	2,240
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	20	0	20
Non-Indigenous	1,200	640	565	4,800	2,580	2,220
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	90	45	45
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	35	160	50	110
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	55	725	405	320
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,050	31,860	26,190	277,975	149,830	128,150
Worked at home	23,380	12,230	11,150	79,985	37,965	42,020
Worked outside Canada	325	225	105	990	725	265
No fixed workplace address	4,275	3,090	1,180	28,345	21,605	6,745
Usual place of work	30,065	16,315	13,750	168,650	89,535	79,115
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,065	16,315	13,750	168,650	89,535	79,115
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,560	6,730	6,825	80,215	37,590	42,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,045	7,335	5,710	57,200	31,820	25,380
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,380	2,200	1,180	30,940	19,925	11,015
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	35	300	195	105
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,345	19,410	14,935	196,995	111,140	85,855
Car, truck or van	28,810	16,655	12,160	175,600	101,030	74,570
Car, truck or van - as a driver	26,245	15,610	10,635	160,470	94,535	65,935
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,565	1,040	1,525	15,130	6,495	8,635
Public transit	2,245	1,055	1,190	9,110	4,155	4,955
Walked	1,910	940	965	6,990	3,210	3,780
Bicycle	460	370	85	1,370	1,030	335
Other method	920	385	535	3,930	1,705	2,220
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,345	19,410	14,935	196,995	111,140	85,855
Less than 15 minutes	12,645	6,450	6,195	63,175	31,490	31,680
15 to 29 minutes	14,215	8,120	6,100	81,975	45,765	36,210
30 to 44 minutes	4,420	2,770	1,645	29,360	18,240	11,120
45 to 59 minutes	1,155	695	455	9,760	6,290	3,460
60 minutes and over	1,915	1,370	545	12,730	9,350	3,385
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,345	19,410	14,935	196,995	111,140	85,855
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,930	1,400	530	17,400	12,545	4,855
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,150	3,405	1,740	37,850	25,155	12,700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,555	4,420	3,135	43,930	24,180	19,745
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,245	3,900	4,345	37,760	16,700	21,060
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,445	2,795	2,655	23,325	10,850	12,470
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,010	3,485	2,525	36,735	21,705	15,025
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,340	11,570	10,775	121,135	62,200	58,935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,840	990	855	8,755	4,450	4,305
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,495	10,580	9,915	112,380	57,745	54,630
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,935	8,750	8,185	88,130	45,360	42,770
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,495	780	715	6,730	3,405	3,325
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	915	465	445	4,075	1,995	2,080
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	315	270	2,655	1,410	1,245
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,435	7,975	7,470	81,405	41,955	39,445

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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