Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Stratford, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove	OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,232	14,223,942
Population, 2016¹	31,470^r	13,448,494
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.6	5.8
Total private dwellings²	15,388	5,929,250
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,743	5,491,201
Population density per square kilometre	1,107.0	15.9
Land area in square kilometres	30.02	892,411.76
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,230	14,223,945
0 to 14 years	4,800	2,251,795
0 to 4 years	1,530	683,515
5 to 9 years	1,580	764,430
10 to 14 years	1,695	803,850
15 to 64 years	20,490	9,334,440
15 to 19 years	1,705	801,455
20 to 24 years	1,680	895,600
25 to 29 years	1,965	975,400
30 to 34 years	2,040	981,210
35 to 39 years	2,100	948,030
40 to 44 years	1,900	890,160
45 to 49 years	1,955	894,580
50 to 54 years	1,995	941,270
55 to 59 years	2,530	1,040,160
60 to 64 years	2,625	966,575
65 years and over	7,940	2,637,710
65 to 69 years	2,430	813,215
70 to 74 years	2,015	691,280
75 to 79 years	1,400	469,485
80 to 84 years	1,000	325,110
85 years and over	1,095	338,620
85 to 89 years	625	205,480
90 to 94 years	345	101,430
95 to 99 years	110	28,000
100 years and over	10	3,705
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.8
15 to 64 years	61.7	65.6
65 years and over	23.9	18.5
85 years and over	3.3	2.4
Average age of the population	44.8	41.8
Median age of the population	46.0	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,740	5,491,200
Single-detached house	7,800	2,942,990
Semi-detached house	1,530	303,260
Row house	935	505,265
Apartment or flat in a duplex	670	181,030
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,950	548,785
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	815	984,665
Other single-attached house	30	10,220
Movable dwelling⁴	5	14,985
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,745	5,491,205
1 person	4,920	1,452,540
2 persons	5,465	1,798,040
3 persons	1,960	872,480
4 persons	1,605	825,445
5 or more persons	795	542,700
Number of persons in private households	32,480	14,031,750
Average household size	2.2	2.6
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,430	11,972,145
Married or living common-law	16,005	6,769,725
Married	12,965	5,738,390
Living common-law	3,045	1,031,340
Living common law - Never married	2,065	727,825
Living common law - Separated	205	55,440
Living common law - Divorced	695	220,445
Living common law - Widowed	85	27,625
Not married and not living common-law	12,425	5,202,420
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,330	3,515,215
Not married and not living common law - Separated	980	333,775
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,140	695,630
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,970	657,800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,480	3,969,670
2 persons	5,475	1,936,595
3 persons	1,875	877,660
4 persons	1,520	811,380
5 or more persons	605	344,035
Average size of census families	2.7	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,485	3,969,670
Total couple families	7,810	3,291,560
Married couples	6,290	2,776,165
With children⁶	2,785	1,571,480
Without children	3,505	1,204,680
Common-law couples	1,520	515,395
With children⁶	565	189,835
Without children	955	325,560
Total one-parent families	1,670	678,110
in which the parent is a woman+	1,305	538,450
in which the parent is a man+	365	139,660
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,480	14,031,750
Total - Persons in census families	25,895	11,601,460
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,625	6,583,120
Parents in one-parent families	1,670	678,110
Children⁶	8,600	4,340,235
In a two-parent family	6,030	3,281,460
In a one-parent family	2,565	1,058,775
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,590	2,430,295
Living alone	4,915	1,452,540
Living with other relatives⁷	500	388,780
Living with non-relatives only	1,170	588,970
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,745	5,491,200
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,710	3,347,195
Couple-family households	7,340	2,841,660
With children⁶	3,130	1,517,365
Without children	4,210	1,324,295
One-parent-family households	1,375	505,535
Multigenerational households⁸	215	221,120
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	45,215
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	184,430
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	510	240,700
One-person households	4,915	1,452,540
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,720	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,085	11,294,815
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,100	11,300,805
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,805	10,010,415
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,445	8,153,180
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,680	10,239,835
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,470	1,054,225
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,005	3,327,770
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,720	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,075	11,296,770
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,480	56,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,085	11,302,690
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	46,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,710	10,011,345
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	52,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,445	8,153,185
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,080	52,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,840	10,242,610
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,320	10,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,445	1,052,985
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,220	3,321,155
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,120	9,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,720	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,750	3,865,695
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	67,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,200	82,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,220	3,112,160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	28,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	82.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.3	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	17.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,720	11,782,845
Without total income	635	488,030
With total income	27,080	11,294,815
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,655	977,950
$10,000 to $19,999	3,200	1,383,475
$20,000 to $29,999	4,175	1,752,040
$30,000 to $39,999	3,620	1,388,215
$40,000 to $49,999	3,515	1,190,885
$50,000 to $59,999	3,045	985,270
$60,000 to $69,999	2,235	782,980
$70,000 to $79,999	1,580	612,620
$80,000 to $89,999	1,065	477,445
$90,000 to $99,999	820	385,830
$100,000 and over	2,185	1,358,115
$100,000 to $149,999	1,545	897,615
$150,000 and over	635	460,495
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,720	11,782,845
Without after-tax income	620	482,035
With after-tax income	27,095	11,300,805
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,785	1,025,995
$10,000 to $19,999	3,345	1,442,850
$20,000 to $29,999	4,760	1,967,040
$30,000 to $39,999	4,495	1,621,120
$40,000 to $49,999	4,180	1,384,490
$50,000 to $59,999	3,010	1,068,365
$60,000 to $69,999	1,915	782,135
$70,000 to $79,999	1,205	572,210
$80,000 to $89,999	920	457,650
$90,000 to $99,999	480	280,640
$100,000 and over	1,010	698,310
$100,000 to $124,999	510	344,450
$125,000 and over	495	353,860
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,720	11,782,845
Without employment income	8,275	3,629,670
With employment income	19,450	8,153,175
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,990	1,218,885
$5,000 to $9,999	1,520	688,670
$10,000 to $19,999	2,215	928,840
$20,000 to $29,999	1,820	696,570
$30,000 to $39,999	1,885	677,110
$40,000 to $49,999	2,175	672,005
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	611,665
$60,000 to $69,999	1,340	519,955
$70,000 to $79,999	860	419,875
$80,000 to $89,999	695	352,235
$90,000 to $99,999	630	316,750
$100,000 and over	1,465	1,050,620
$100,000 to $124,999	820	489,720
$125,000 and over	650	560,895
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,720	11,782,845
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,820	11,051,405
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,830	11,055,345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,780	9,877,245
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,735	8,159,090
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,250	9,643,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	2,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,840	723,990
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,160	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,720	11,782,820
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,770	11,053,285
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,920	53,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,790	11,057,080
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	44,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,845	9,878,270
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,920	53,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,790	8,160,870
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	52,700
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,415	9,644,415
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,260	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,980	725,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,950	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,720	11,782,825
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,755	3,830,200
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,900	77,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,945	2,925,680
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	34,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	88.4
Employment income (%)	67.0	72.4
Government transfers (%)	14.8	11.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,745	5,491,205
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	91,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,915	1,452,540
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	43,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,825	4,038,660
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,745	5,491,200
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	116,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	95,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,920	1,451,915
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,800	57,200
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,000	47,320
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,820	4,039,285
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,100	137,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,100	112,500
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,745	5,491,200
Under $5,000	105	61,515
$5,000 to $9,999	65	30,860
$10,000 to $14,999	205	63,360
$15,000 to $19,999	310	96,980
$20,000 to $24,999	535	186,250
$25,000 to $29,999	570	168,345
$30,000 to $34,999	550	158,810
$35,000 to $39,999	555	175,890
$40,000 to $44,999	640	182,900
$45,000 to $49,999	620	182,945
$50,000 to $59,999	1,270	370,350
$60,000 to $69,999	1,175	364,585
$70,000 to $79,999	1,085	350,520
$80,000 to $89,999	955	332,395
$90,000 to $99,999	885	310,400
$100,000 and over	5,225	2,455,095
$100,000 to $124,999	1,830	662,625
$125,000 to $149,999	1,230	500,495
$150,000 to $199,999	1,245	630,420
$200,000 and over	915	661,550
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,745	5,491,200
Under $5,000	125	69,645
$5,000 to $9,999	70	32,100
$10,000 to $14,999	205	65,025
$15,000 to $19,999	320	101,865
$20,000 to $24,999	580	197,995
$25,000 to $29,999	685	190,225
$30,000 to $34,999	630	183,505
$35,000 to $39,999	695	204,300
$40,000 to $44,999	765	215,785
$45,000 to $49,999	770	217,105
$50,000 to $59,999	1,430	440,280
$60,000 to $69,999	1,285	430,860
$70,000 to $79,999	1,230	409,865
$80,000 to $89,999	1,050	385,295
$90,000 to $99,999	935	343,595
$100,000 and over	3,970	2,003,770
$100,000 to $124,999	1,730	685,485
$125,000 to $149,999	995	472,130
$150,000 and over	1,255	846,155
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,430	3,875,790
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	111,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	96,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,265	1,361,615
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,370	1,770,030
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	121,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,580	610,815
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	73,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,090	2,041,505
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,450	3,873,665
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	137,200
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,800	112,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,325	1,359,275
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	119,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	97,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,330	1,773,005
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,200	168,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	136,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,625	607,780
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	87,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,100	76,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,095	2,039,230
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,440	51,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,120	43,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,485	14,031,755
0 to 17 years	5,765	2,726,265
0 to 5 years	1,835	831,185
18 to 64 years	19,340	8,795,220
65 years and over	7,380	2,510,270
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,140	1,420,525
0 to 17 years	625	314,150
0 to 5 years	240	102,930
18 to 64 years	1,710	803,215
65 years and over	805	303,160
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.7	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	9.1
65 years and over (%)	10.9	12.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,480	13,977,120
0 to 17 years	5,765	2,709,120
0 to 5 years	1,835	825,865
18 to 64 years	19,340	8,763,785
65 years and over	7,380	2,504,220
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,175	738,795
0 to 17 years	160	126,035
0 to 5 years	50	39,415
18 to 64 years	910	541,410
65 years and over	95	71,350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.3	2.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,480	14,031,755
In bottom half of the distribution	16,635	6,516,085
In bottom decile	2,715	1,318,120
In second decile	3,350	1,283,940
In third decile	3,385	1,292,030
In fourth decile	3,580	1,296,710
In fifth decile	3,610	1,325,280
In top half of the distribution	15,845	7,515,670
In sixth decile	3,740	1,365,960
In seventh decile	3,370	1,415,070
In eighth decile	3,320	1,482,300
In ninth decile	3,060	1,581,535
In top decile	2,355	1,670,800
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,480	14,031,755
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	0.357
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	0.470
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	0.308
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	3.9
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,745	14,099,790
English only	30,545	12,196,575
French only	10	39,310
English and French	2,070	1,519,365
Neither English nor French	120	344,545
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,745	14,099,790
English	32,370	13,179,535
French	235	484,425
English and French	35	98,270
Neither English nor French	105	337,560
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,745	14,099,790
Single responses	32,300	13,430,605
Official languages	29,860	9,642,770
English	29,620	9,179,655
French	240	463,120
Non-official languages	2,445	3,787,835
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	14,475
Algonquian languages	0	13,545
Blackfoot	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	2,815
Atikamekw	0	10
Cree languages	0	2,800
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	125
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	60
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	550
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	50
Cree, n.o.s.	0	1,975
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	70
Mi'kmaq	0	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10,645
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	35
Oji-Cree	0	4,240
Ojibway languages	0	6,365
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	280
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	65
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	6,000
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Athabaskan languages	0	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	15
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	510
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	5
Inuktitut	0	505
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	270
Cayuga	0	35
Mohawk	0	190
Oneida	0	40
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	20
Salish languages	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	5
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Tsimshian languages	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	65
Non-Indigenous languages	2,440	3,773,365
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	310,765
Berber languages	0	855
Kabyle	0	580
Tamazight	0	215
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Chadic languages	0	635
Hausa	0	560
Mina	0	70
Coptic	0	535
Cushitic languages	5	27,575
Bilen	0	930
Oromo	0	1,540
Somali	0	24,700
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	405
Semitic languages	135	281,160
Amharic	25	12,490
Arabic	80	214,230
Aramaic languages	5	24,105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	15,665
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	7,480
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	960
Harari	0	970
Hebrew	5	11,630
Maltese	0	4,120
Tigrigna	20	13,360
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	255
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	84,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	7,065
Vietnamese	20	77,085
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	140
Austronesian languages	150	208,395
Bikol	0	685
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	2,735
Cebuano	5	5,900
Fijian	0	40
Hiligaynon	0	3,775
Ilocano	10	14,680
Indonesian	0	5,440
Kankanaey	0	375
Kinaray-a	0	275
Malagasy languages	0	125
Merina	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	95
Malay	5	540
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	1,910
Pangasinan	5	750
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	168,845
Waray-Waray	0	590
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,710
Creole languages	5	11,690
Haitian Creole	0	5,160
Jamaican English Creole	0	435
Krio	0	290
Morisyen	0	1,990
Sango	0	45
Creole, n.o.s.	0	2,690
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	1,080
Dravidian languages	95	185,145
Kannada	5	4,335
Malayalam	70	32,805
Tamil	15	126,640
Telugu	15	20,715
Tulu	0	415
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	235
Georgian	0	1,650
Hmong-Mien languages	0	480
Indo-European languages	1,595	2,119,610
Albanian	5	20,720
Armenian	0	14,680
Balto-Slavic languages	210	377,895
Baltic languages	5	7,425
Latvian	0	3,050
Lithuanian	0	4,370
Slavic languages	205	370,475
Belarusian	0	440
Bulgarian	0	8,565
Czech	5	9,060
Macedonian	0	13,620
Polish	80	106,275
Russian	35	104,310
Rusyn	0	225
Serbo-Croatian	45	77,145
Bosnian	0	7,140
Croatian	15	28,385
Serbian	25	40,465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	1,160
Slovak	5	8,675
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5,520
Ukrainian	25	36,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	285
Celtic languages	5	795
Irish	0	225
Scottish Gaelic	0	170
Welsh	0	320
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	80
Germanic languages	495	167,265
Frisian	10	970
High German languages	270	102,915
German	255	89,075
Pennsylvania German	10	8,895
Swiss German	10	2,390
Yiddish	0	2,555
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	56,725
Afrikaans	0	2,865
Dutch	175	41,240
Low German, n.o.s.	0	1,930
Low Saxon	0	440
Plautdietsch	5	8,610
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	1,630
Scandinavian languages	20	6,440
Danish	10	3,370
Icelandic	0	175
Norwegian	0	800
Swedish	10	2,090
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	225
Greek	60	47,970
Indo-Iranian languages	350	884,995
Indo-Aryan languages	330	715,085
Assamese	0	325
Bengali	10	54,990
Gujarati	125	95,785
Hindi	55	87,035
Kacchi	0	3,880
Kashmiri	0	460
Konkani	0	2,595
Marathi	5	9,460
Nepali	0	12,430
Oriya languages	0	1,325
Odia	0	830
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	490
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	260,075
Rohingya	0	290
Sindhi	0	2,670
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	11,040
Urdu	25	170,955
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,760
Iranian languages	20	169,765
Baluchi	0	335
Kurdish	0	9,120
Parsi	0	330
Pashto	0	12,780
Persian languages	20	146,700
Dari	0	34,340
Iranian Persian	15	97,135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	15,230
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	495
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Italic (Romance) languages	460	605,070
Catalan	0	285
Italian	130	194,125
Portuguese	65	153,750
Romanian	25	38,955
Spanish	245	217,245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	710
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	205
Japanese	35	12,880
Korean	45	75,220
Mongolian	0	535
Niger-Congo languages	30	42,470
Akan (Twi)	0	9,325
Bamanankan	0	185
Edo	0	1,165
Éwé	0	485
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	480
Ga	0	510
Ganda	5	1,195
Gikuyu	0	460
Igbo	0	2,385
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	1,920
Lingala	0	825
Luba-Kasai	0	135
Mòoré	0	60
Mwani	0	345
Ndebele	0	335
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	2,705
Shona	0	1,580
Soninke	0	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	230
Swahili	15	6,445
Wojenaka	0	60
Wolof	0	460
Yoruba	0	7,335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	3,655
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	1,935
Dinka	15	325
Nuer	0	320
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,125
African, n.o.s.	0	165
Sign languages	5	2,775
American Sign Language	0	2,360
Quebec Sign Language	0	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	385
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	632,250
Chinese languages	135	621,980
Hakka	0	6,215
Mandarin	90	327,470
Min Dong	0	1,015
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	10,290
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	4,190
Yue (Cantonese)	40	267,425
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5,080
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	300
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	10,000
Burmese	0	1,540
Kuki-Chin languages	0	440
Karenic languages	0	1,765
S'gaw Karen	0	1,530
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	235
Tibetan	0	5,785
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	460
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	275
Tai-Kadai languages	95	8,265
Lao	70	4,570
Thai	25	3,535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Turkic languages	10	32,270
Azerbaijani	0	2,870
Kazakh	0	255
Turkish	5	26,740
Uyghur	0	720
Uzbek	0	1,080
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	610
Uralic languages	60	42,270
Estonian	5	3,450
Finnish	5	7,650
Hungarian	50	31,170
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	460
Multiple responses	440	669,185
English and French	95	96,260
English and non-official language(s)	300	494,610
French and non-official language(s)	5	15,710
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	16,770
Multiple non-official languages	30	45,835
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,745	14,099,790
English	30,360	9,630,975
French	30	188,560
Non-official language	510	1,124,950
Indigenous³⁹	0	2,630
Non-Indigenous	510	1,122,315
English and French	200	274,675
English and non-official language(s)	1,540	2,647,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	14,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	117,430
Multiple non-official languages	45	101,145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,745	14,099,790
Single responses	32,435	13,384,695
Official languages	31,385	11,165,425
English	31,345	10,910,560
French	40	254,870
Non-official languages	1,045	2,219,265
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	5,710
Algonquian languages	0	5,430
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	1,230
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	1,220
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	135
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	1,015
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	20
Mi'kmaq	0	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	4,185
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	1,985
Ojibway languages	0	2,195
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	95
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	25
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	2,070
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	5
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	10
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	150
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	75
Cayuga	0	10
Mohawk	0	50
Oneida	0	15
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	15
Salish languages	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	1,045	2,213,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	181,660
Berber languages	0	365
Kabyle	0	220
Tamazight	0	100
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Chadic languages	0	355
Hausa	0	325
Mina	0	30
Coptic	0	255
Cushitic languages	0	16,105
Bilen	0	800
Oromo	0	840
Somali	0	14,230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	230
Semitic languages	100	164,590
Amharic	15	6,405
Arabic	65	124,865
Aramaic languages	0	18,120
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	11,870
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	5,550
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	705
Harari	0	515
Hebrew	0	4,925
Maltese	0	770
Tigrigna	25	8,870
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	55,990
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	3,855
Vietnamese	10	52,080
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	55
Austronesian languages	70	115,225
Bikol	0	255
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	1,355
Cebuano	0	3,140
Fijian	0	20
Hiligaynon	0	1,960
Ilocano	5	8,105
Indonesian	0	1,990
Kankanaey	0	210
Kinaray-a	0	110
Malagasy languages	0	45
Merina	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	35
Malay	0	130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	990
Pangasinan	5	250
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	95,635
Waray-Waray	0	230
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	785
Creole languages	0	6,165
Haitian Creole	0	2,640
Jamaican English Creole	0	195
Krio	0	140
Morisyen	0	1,425
Sango	0	30
Creole, n.o.s.	0	1,325
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	420
Dravidian languages	75	129,245
Kannada	0	2,165
Malayalam	55	20,855
Tamil	10	93,165
Telugu	5	12,805
Tulu	0	145
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Georgian	0	1,040
Hmong-Mien languages	0	185
Indo-European languages	515	1,136,460
Albanian	0	9,880
Armenian	0	8,590
Balto-Slavic languages	45	181,290
Baltic languages	0	1,640
Latvian	0	535
Lithuanian	0	1,105
Slavic languages	45	179,650
Belarusian	0	145
Bulgarian	0	4,100
Czech	0	2,555
Macedonian	0	5,535
Polish	15	45,800
Russian	10	66,045
Rusyn	0	120
Serbo-Croatian	10	35,980
Bosnian	0	3,450
Croatian	0	9,990
Serbian	10	22,145
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	400
Slovak	0	3,070
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	1,000
Ukrainian	5	15,235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Celtic languages	0	140
Irish	0	65
Scottish Gaelic	0	25
Welsh	0	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Germanic languages	30	40,600
Frisian	0	85
High German languages	15	28,670
German	15	20,680
Pennsylvania German	0	7,180
Swiss German	0	560
Yiddish	0	250
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	11,190
Afrikaans	0	1,175
Dutch	15	4,055
Low German, n.o.s.	0	1,265
Low Saxon	0	185
Plautdietsch	0	4,415
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	95
Scandinavian languages	0	620
Danish	0	210
Icelandic	0	30
Norwegian	0	70
Swedish	0	310
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Greek	20	19,065
Indo-Iranian languages	255	601,605
Indo-Aryan languages	240	487,535
Assamese	0	145
Bengali	0	34,830
Gujarati	105	63,145
Hindi	30	52,420
Kacchi	0	1,655
Kashmiri	0	145
Konkani	0	640
Marathi	0	4,975
Nepali	0	8,910
Oriya languages	0	655
Odia	0	420
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	230
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	198,670
Rohingya	0	220
Sindhi	0	1,390
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5,795
Urdu	15	113,020
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	930
Iranian languages	15	114,005
Baluchi	0	195
Kurdish	0	5,560
Parsi	0	170
Pashto	0	8,670
Persian languages	15	99,095
Dari	0	21,150
Iranian Persian	10	67,320
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	10,625
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	310
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	65
Italic (Romance) languages	165	275,210
Catalan	0	105
Italian	30	58,670
Portuguese	20	74,745
Romanian	0	17,755
Spanish	110	123,690
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	240
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	90
Japanese	25	5,875
Korean	30	53,585
Mongolian	0	290
Niger-Congo languages	10	16,065
Akan (Twi)	0	4,370
Bamanankan	0	80
Edo	0	270
Éwé	0	120
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	220
Ga	0	170
Ganda	0	345
Gikuyu	0	70
Igbo	0	660
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	775
Lingala	0	330
Luba-Kasai	0	35
Mòoré	0	10
Mwani	0	80
Ndebele	0	115
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	1,375
Shona	0	450
Soninke	0	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	55
Swahili	0	2,775
Wojenaka	0	35
Wolof	0	165
Yoruba	0	2,640
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	835
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	820
Dinka	0	125
Nuer	0	185
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	460
African, n.o.s.	0	45
Sign languages	10	5,010
American Sign Language	10	3,920
Quebec Sign Language	0	50
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	1,035
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	469,325
Chinese languages	85	461,870
Hakka	0	2,540
Mandarin	70	253,860
Min Dong	0	650
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	4,890
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	2,765
Yue (Cantonese)	15	193,955
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	3,090
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	110
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	7,310
Burmese	0	960
Kuki-Chin languages	0	305
Karenic languages	0	1,275
S'gaw Karen	0	1,105
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Tibetan	0	4,540
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	225
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	145
Tai-Kadai languages	75	3,995
Lao	50	2,395
Thai	25	1,520
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Turkic languages	0	19,965
Azerbaijani	0	1,445
Kazakh	0	40
Turkish	0	17,160
Uyghur	0	490
Uzbek	0	580
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	250
Uralic languages	15	12,465
Estonian	0	485
Finnish	0	1,140
Hungarian	10	10,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	195
Multiple responses	310	715,095
English and French	25	59,725
English and non-official language(s)	280	624,265
French and non-official language(s)	0	6,475
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	12,185
Multiple non-official languages	0	12,445
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,745	14,099,790
None	31,145	11,528,735
English	430	903,960
French	175	189,420
Non-official language	780	1,136,770
Indigenous³⁹	0	9,310
Non-Indigenous	785	1,127,465
English and French	5	16,580
English and non-official language(s)	70	140,865
French and non-official language(s)	40	52,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	2,920
Multiple non-official languages	85	127,975
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,485	14,031,755
Official languages	32,335	13,688,615
English	32,330	13,650,230
French	2,095	1,550,545
Non-official languages	3,520	5,058,180
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	29,850
Algonquian languages	10	26,775
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5,205
Atikamekw	0	15
Cree languages	0	5,155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	335
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	200
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	1,165
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	135
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	95
Cree, n.o.s.	0	3,340
Innu (Montagnais)	0	20
Naskapi	0	20
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	295
Mi'kmaq	0	250
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	21,560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	135
Oji-Cree	0	6,260
Ojibway languages	0	15,530
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	1,295
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	210
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	115
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	14,155
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Athabaskan languages	0	115
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	105
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	50
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	15
Tahltan languages	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	25
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	1,000
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	0	25
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	970
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Iroquoian languages	0	1,625
Cayuga	0	210
Mohawk	0	1,220
Oneida	0	210
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	135
Salish languages	0	65
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	25
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	10
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Siouan languages	0	65
Assiniboine	0	20
Dakota	0	15
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Tsimshian languages	0	25
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	10
Nisga'a	0	20
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	20
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	245
Non-Indigenous languages	3,500	5,029,345
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	481,620
Berber languages	0	1,570
Kabyle	0	950
Tamazight	0	475
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	215
Chadic languages	0	2,210
Hausa	0	2,005
Mina	0	200
Coptic	0	2,130
Cushitic languages	0	41,520
Bilen	0	1,335
Oromo	0	2,950
Somali	0	36,825
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	815
Semitic languages	130	443,215
Amharic	10	22,815
Arabic	85	342,860
Aramaic languages	0	33,950
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	21,640
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	11,170
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	1,685
Harari	0	1,610
Hebrew	10	47,380
Maltese	0	6,055
Tigrigna	15	19,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	685
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	115,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	10,085
Vietnamese	20	105,800
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	275
Austronesian languages	175	292,100
Bikol	0	1,345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	3,410
Cebuano	20	11,100
Fijian	0	210
Hiligaynon	0	6,435
Ilocano	35	26,205
Indonesian	0	8,175
Kankanaey	0	620
Kinaray-a	0	310
Malagasy languages	0	270
Merina	0	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	235
Malay	0	4,370
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	3,390
Pangasinan	0	1,610
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	160	271,450
Waray-Waray	0	1,810
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	6,850
Creole languages	35	36,585
Haitian Creole	0	14,220
Jamaican English Creole	0	3,385
Krio	0	650
Morisyen	0	5,645
Sango	0	270
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10,235
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	4,065
Dravidian languages	165	272,060
Kannada	0	12,930
Malayalam	90	48,025
Tamil	10	192,890
Telugu	50	38,190
Tulu	0	1,225
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	685
Georgian	0	2,170
Hmong-Mien languages	0	555
Indo-European languages	2,455	2,941,400
Albanian	0	26,725
Armenian	0	19,610
Balto-Slavic languages	280	470,080
Baltic languages	0	9,715
Latvian	0	4,215
Lithuanian	0	5,520
Slavic languages	280	462,520
Belarusian	0	1,630
Bulgarian	10	11,310
Czech	10	13,130
Macedonian	0	21,070
Polish	135	134,980
Russian	35	155,340
Rusyn	0	295
Serbo-Croatian	60	102,885
Bosnian	0	13,895
Croatian	15	48,075
Serbian	45	58,045
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	1,850
Slovak	0	11,725
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	7,235
Ukrainian	10	58,355
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	500
Celtic languages	20	4,115
Irish	0	2,345
Scottish Gaelic	0	715
Welsh	15	810
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	285
Germanic languages	660	257,270
Frisian	15	1,750
High German languages	455	175,485
German	435	158,120
Pennsylvania German	0	10,370
Swiss German	10	3,485
Yiddish	10	6,100
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	210	78,435
Afrikaans	10	9,255
Dutch	190	55,040
Low German, n.o.s.	0	2,185
Low Saxon	0	595
Plautdietsch	0	10,245
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	2,040
Scandinavian languages	20	12,565
Danish	15	5,175
Icelandic	0	390
Norwegian	10	2,385
Swedish	0	5,340
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	480
Greek	110	76,320
Indo-Iranian languages	465	1,244,895
Indo-Aryan languages	430	1,049,480
Assamese	0	725
Bengali	0	76,980
Gujarati	155	143,240
Hindi	255	436,125
Kacchi	0	8,140
Kashmiri	0	1,085
Konkani	0	6,745
Marathi	0	24,775
Nepali	0	17,110
Oriya languages	0	2,545
Odia	0	1,430
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	1,130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	397,865
Rohingya	0	370
Sindhi	0	5,595
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	21,630
Urdu	25	295,175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	5,965
Iranian languages	30	210,370
Baluchi	0	520
Kurdish	0	13,870
Parsi	0	525
Pashto	0	20,790
Persian languages	30	183,830
Dari	0	47,640
Iranian Persian	20	122,305
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	16,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,040
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	1,300
Italic (Romance) languages	1,005	922,975
Catalan	0	770
Italian	275	312,800
Portuguese	55	208,575
Romanian	40	48,315
Spanish	675	401,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	2,355
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	910
Japanese	40	30,705
Korean	75	90,475
Mongolian	0	745
Niger-Congo languages	45	106,850
Akan (Twi)	0	17,570
Bamanankan	0	760
Edo	0	3,210
Éwé	0	1,195
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	1,010
Ga	0	1,870
Ganda	10	2,760
Gikuyu	0	1,080
Igbo	0	8,115
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	4,020
Lingala	0	7,315
Luba-Kasai	0	1,050
Mòoré	0	235
Mwani	0	520
Ndebele	0	855
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	4,895
Shona	0	3,040
Soninke	0	290
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	630
Swahili	25	24,360
Wojenaka	0	260
Wolof	0	1,495
Yoruba	0	24,375
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	12,825
Nilo-Saharan languages	80	3,210
Dinka	0	470
Nuer	0	585
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	2,155
African, n.o.s.	0	835
Sign languages	50	18,990
American Sign Language	45	16,685
Quebec Sign Language	0	380
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	2,600
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	747,160
Chinese languages	170	734,190
Hakka	0	8,760
Mandarin	105	467,415
Min Dong	0	1,450
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	18,020
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	6,720
Yue (Cantonese)	70	352,135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5,200
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	515
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	13,135
Burmese	0	2,570
Kuki-Chin languages	0	600
Karenic languages	0	2,255
S'gaw Karen	0	1,970
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	385
Tibetan	0	7,475
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	980
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	565
Tai-Kadai languages	145	12,655
Lao	135	7,370
Thai	25	6,200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	335
Turkic languages	0	52,195
Azerbaijani	0	5,910
Kazakh	0	710
Turkish	0	44,815
Uyghur	0	825
Uzbek	0	2,095
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	1,075
Uralic languages	75	52,025
Estonian	15	4,010
Finnish	0	9,455
Hungarian	55	38,690
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	2,145
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,485	14,031,750
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	565	406,585
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	555	389,955
First Nations (North American Indian)	290	251,030
Métis	250	134,615
Inuk (Inuit)	15	4,310
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	7,115
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	9,515
Non-Indigenous identity	31,915	13,625,165
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,485	14,031,750
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	172,535
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,370	13,859,215
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,745	5,491,200
Owner	9,705	3,755,720
Renter	5,040	1,724,970
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	10,510
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,745	5,491,200
Condominium	1,045	822,780
Not condominium	13,700	4,668,425
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,745	5,491,200
No bedrooms	70	48,740
1 bedroom	1,955	769,570
2 bedrooms	3,830	1,205,540
3 bedrooms	6,040	1,918,935
4 or more bedrooms	2,850	1,548,420
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,745	5,491,200
1 to 4 rooms	3,535	1,579,320
5 rooms	2,070	775,580
6 rooms	2,555	791,100
7 rooms	2,065	708,205
8 or more rooms	4,515	1,636,990
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	6.2
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,745	5,491,200
One person or fewer per room	14,655	5,328,575
More than one person per room	85	162,625
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,745	5,491,200
Suitable	14,270	5,122,185
Not suitable	480	369,015
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,745	5,491,200
1960 or before	5,590	1,247,430
1961 to 1980	3,920	1,456,110
1981 to 1990	1,220	711,940
1991 to 2000	1,325	644,080
2001 to 2005	665	385,045
2006 to 2010	555	348,760
2011 to 2015	515	328,735
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	960	369,095
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,745	5,491,200
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,915	5,177,155
Major repairs needed	830	314,050
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,745	5,491,200
One-maintainer household	7,755	2,677,880
Two-maintainer household	6,605	2,506,110
Three-or-more-maintainer household	390	307,210
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,745	5,491,200
15 to 24 years	280	126,385
25 to 34 years	1,835	727,305
35 to 44 years	2,150	930,410
45 to 54 years	2,335	1,013,210
55 to 64 years	3,195	1,149,345
65 to 74 years	2,825	876,960
75 to 84 years	1,570	481,250
85 years and over	560	186,330
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,710	5,415,420
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,785	4,103,320
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,920	1,312,095
30% to less than 100%	2,715	1,169,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,745	5,491,205
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,945	1,802,285
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,695	1,150,405
Not suitable only	380	262,900
Major repairs needed only	605	201,870
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	74,930
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	175	80,990
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	25,420
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	5,765
Acceptable housing	10,800	3,688,915
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,505	5,272,360
In core need	1,055	639,805
Not in core need	13,450	4,632,550
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,695	3,718,255
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.4	59.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	17.7
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	6.4
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	1,440
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,304	1,700
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	700,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	546,500	807,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,035	1,722,000
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.4	13.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8	38.4
% in core housing need⁶³	16.0	24.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,128	1,408
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	10,510
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	8.7
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	324
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	380
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,480	14,031,755
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	180	169,090
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	180	166,095
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	110	136,445
Métis single ancestry	55	27,835
Inuit single ancestry	10	1,810
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	3,000
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	2,660
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	175
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	760	351,395
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	710	342,985
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520	246,415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	93,245
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	3,325
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	45	8,405
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	7,595
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	535
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	215
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	60
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,550	13,511,270
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,485	14,031,755
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,260	12,633,260
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,565	2,554,125
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,695	10,079,140
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,220	1,398,490
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,485	14,031,755
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,625	9,437,320
Immigrants⁸¹	3,555	4,206,585
Before 1980	1,565	860,305
1980 to 1990	530	506,195
1991 to 2000	405	852,765
2001 to 2010	405	941,630
2011 to 2021⁸²	655	1,045,695
2011 to 2015	235	461,010
2016 to 2021	415	584,680
Non-permanent residents⁸³	300	387,850
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,560	4,206,585
Under 5 years	475	375,395
5 to 14 years	680	734,680
15 to 24 years	820	840,165
25 to 44 years	1,355	1,851,675
45 years and over	225	404,670
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,560	4,206,585
Americas	630	629,550
Brazil	15	23,125
Colombia	40	32,520
El Salvador	25	21,780
Guyana	20	77,635
Haiti	0	11,375
Jamaica	35	122,770
Mexico	80	33,380
Peru	0	11,455
Trinidad and Tobago	0	52,750
United States of America	280	111,390
Other places of birth in Americas	120	131,370
Europe	1,775	1,049,725
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	21,150
Croatia	30	24,270
France	30	15,240
Germany	165	54,275
Greece	45	31,650
Hungary	0	18,530
Italy	125	135,640
Netherlands	165	39,490
Poland	95	88,785
Portugal	20	95,490
Romania	35	40,475
Russian Federation	0	44,165
Serbia⁸⁶	40	22,295
Ukraine	0	43,070
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835	239,485
Other places of birth in Europe	170	135,725
Africa	170	287,920
Algeria	0	4,355
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	10,220
Egypt	0	39,345
Eritrea	0	14,200
Ethiopia	10	19,415
Morocco	0	8,105
Nigeria	25	37,420
Somalia	0	20,335
South Africa, Republic of	10	21,540
Other places of birth in Africa	110	112,985
Asia	900	2,225,590
Afghanistan	0	38,580
Iran⁸⁸	30	103,795
Iraq	0	63,255
Lebanon	0	38,170
Syria⁸⁹	65	45,685
Turkey	0	20,795
China⁹⁰	95	355,955
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	108,480
Korea, South⁹²	35	62,750
Taiwan	10	18,105
Philippines	170	268,580
Viet Nam	15	86,315
Bangladesh	0	46,260
India	300	495,750
Pakistan	15	165,530
Sri Lanka	0	112,730
Other places of birth in Asia	135	194,855
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	13,810
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	420	584,680
Americas	60	68,450
Brazil	0	8,725
Colombia	15	4,260
Haiti	0	1,550
Jamaica	0	9,970
Mexico	20	5,810
United States of America	10	17,945
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	3,400
Other places of birth in Americas	15	16,795
Europe	25	47,295
France	0	3,225
Germany	0	1,685
Ireland⁹⁶	0	2,225
Italy	0	1,770
Russian Federation	0	5,150
Ukraine	0	6,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	8,000
Other places of birth in Europe	0	19,200
Africa	60	64,910
Algeria	0	1,130
Burundi	0	1,790
Cameroon	0	1,585
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	2,275
Côte d'Ivoire	0	1,085
Egypt	0	6,370
Eritrea	0	7,145
Ethiopia	0	3,480
Morocco	0	1,890
Nigeria	0	16,570
Somalia	0	3,345
South Africa, Republic of	0	2,915
Sudan⁹⁷	0	2,095
Tunisia	0	820
Other places of birth in Africa	50	12,405
Asia	260	401,940
Afghanistan	0	7,225
Bangladesh	0	7,710
China⁹⁰	0	54,645
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	2,620
India	130	139,660
Iran⁸⁸	0	13,215
Iraq	0	12,940
Israel	0	2,270
Japan	0	1,460
Jordan	0	2,610
Korea, South⁹²	0	6,935
Lebanon	0	4,365
Nepal	0	2,445
Pakistan	0	23,970
Philippines	75	45,235
Saudi Arabia	0	6,110
Sri Lanka	0	5,895
Syria⁸⁹	25	30,180
Turkey	0	7,060
United Arab Emirates	0	5,310
Viet Nam	0	6,020
Other places of birth in Asia	0	14,075
Oceania and other⁹³	15	2,090
Australia	10	1,620
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	470
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,485	14,031,755
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,140	4,725,795
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,950	3,180,170
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,400	6,125,785
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,990	3,346,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	890	1,669,195
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	375	697,905
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	515	971,295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	755	1,037,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	350	587,735
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	51,675
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,990	3,346,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40	262,835
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	335	289,330
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	79,320
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	179,715
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	19,030
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,430	2,516,055
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,485	14,031,750
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,610	4,817,360
South Asian	675	1,515,295
Chinese	230	820,245
Black	585	768,740
Filipino	200	363,650
Arab	55	284,215
Latin American	315	249,190
Southeast Asian	230	167,845
West Asian	65	212,185
Korean	75	99,425
Japanese	45	31,420
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	124,120
Multiple visible minorities	65	181,025
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,880	9,214,395
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,485	14,031,755
Canadian	4,840	1,621,655
English	10,250	2,347,685
Irish	7,880	1,999,985
Scottish	8,470	1,937,010
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,520	1,039,385
German	7,895	1,058,075
Chinese	240	821,835
Italian	1,215	905,105
Indian (India)	525	764,435
Ukrainian	475	342,260
Dutch	2,250	478,860
Polish	825	461,090
Québécois	55	28,035
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,680	462,995
Filipino	190	355,680
French Canadian	325	199,845
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	810	221,315
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	245	160,660
Métis	290	131,780
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	390	182,785
Russian	335	187,460
Norwegian	210	62,840
Welsh	830	188,980
Portuguese	180	300,600
American	350	129,750
Spanish	165	143,840
Swedish	220	68,260
Hungarian	315	149,040
Acadian	70	34,125
Pakistani	25	212,650
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	90	149,265
Jewish	140	155,180
Punjabi	45	119,085
Vietnamese	30	122,735
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	110,250
Greek	220	143,065
Jamaican	185	201,945
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	110,750
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	35	20,025
Korean	80	100,025
Romanian	135	86,435
Lebanese	20	80,345
Iranian	25	109,410
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	140	73,665
Danish	190	52,170
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	90	61,790
Sikh	20	77,805
Austrian	205	63,920
Belgian	240	56,860
Haitian	0	17,930
Hindu	70	106,970
Mexican	145	54,725
Mennonite	245	38,095
Swiss	320	56,510
Finnish	130	76,275
Sri Lankan	10	105,765
Croatian	125	79,240
Japanese	45	42,250
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	83,435
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	21,650
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	130	31,395
Muslim	0	62,780
Egyptian	0	54,210
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	48,595
Tamil	0	86,580
Icelandic	40	13,915
Colombian	50	39,420
Moroccan	0	12,300
Czech	60	39,400
Syrian	55	42,525
Guyanese	70	85,455
Afghan	0	61,255
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	59,655
Serbian	100	64,415
Ojibway	70	52,770
Newfoundlander	110	29,950
Hong Konger	0	41,120
Ontarian	220	64,245
Persian	10	46,445
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	59,110
Turkish	25	43,555
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	6,160
Bangladeshi	0	47,195
Algerian	0	4,970
Brazilian	0	33,905
Nigerian	45	36,750
Armenian	30	30,860
Slovak	85	37,165
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	32,880
Somali	0	41,640
Taiwanese	10	17,960
Iraqi	0	42,980
Salvadorean	30	24,740
African Caribbean	20	43,475
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	32,785
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	38,000
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	39,165
Algonquin	55	20,910
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	42,575
Lithuanian	35	29,870
South African	15	21,965
Australian	120	14,775
Palestinian	0	30,365
Chilean	0	14,370
Congolese	0	12,815
Nova Scotian	35	10,195
Ethiopian	20	20,625
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	22,825
Peruvian	0	15,260
Yoruba	0	19,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	15,155
Berber	0	3,055
Albanian	0	29,575
Maltese	30	33,825
Macedonian	0	35,925
Slovenian	40	25,085
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	13,170
New Brunswicker	0	5,865
Gujarati	60	25,995
Eritrean	0	17,165
African Canadian	10	20,025
Israeli	15	20,570
Mohawk	25	20,595
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	12,115
Bulgarian	0	15,900
Albertan	10	1,185
Ghanaian	20	20,935
Barbadian	45	21,205
African American	0	16,380
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	16,400
Tunisian	10	2,430
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	15,800
Cuban	40	14,785
Bosnian	10	16,065
Venezuelan	0	12,885
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	1,010
Latvian	15	16,070
Bengali	0	16,665
Cameroonian	0	4,295
Guatemalan	60	10,175
Indonesian	0	10,645
Laotian	180	10,870
Ilocano	20	10,560
Northern Irish	55	14,875
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	10,135
British Columbian	0	1,020
Ecuadorian	0	18,835
Franco Ontarian	20	18,755
Argentinian	10	11,950
Estonian	20	14,025
Kurdish	0	13,495
Fijian	0	2,345
Jatt	20	9,195
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	8,040
Coptic	0	14,845
Thai	15	7,850
Dominican	10	8,585
Nepali	0	11,585
Kabyle	0	570
Assyrian	0	17,080
Igbo	0	8,595
Byelorussian	0	9,730
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	285
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	3,445
Abenaki	0	1,300
Moldovan	0	4,295
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	5,550
New Zealander	25	4,865
Sudanese	0	9,200
Breton	0	650
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	12,085
Malaysian	0	7,360
Plains Cree	0	365
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	3,660
Huron (Wendat)	15	2,070
Saskatchewanian	0	1,755
Buddhist	0	8,440
Gaspesian	0	700
Norman	10	2,250
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	9,250
Ivorian	0	2,270
Saulteaux	0	735
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	6,980
Burundian	0	4,105
Tigrinya	0	5,290
Nicaraguan	15	6,575
Mauritian	0	5,050
Kenyan	35	6,970
Oji-Cree	0	7,300
Vincentian	0	9,080
Jordanian	0	9,040
Manitoban	0	1,505
Cape Bretoner	0	3,040
Rwandan	0	3,450
Grenadian	0	10,250
Malayali	0	8,100
Chaldean	0	10,280
Sinhalese	0	8,060
Mayan	0	4,085
Honduran	0	3,735
Cherokee	30	3,555
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	1,350
Indo-Caribbean	0	8,830
Flemish	10	3,565
United Empire Loyalist	20	6,730
Senegalese	0	1,155
Azerbaijani	0	6,235
Sicilian	0	5,840
Pashtun	0	6,385
Malay	0	3,910
Goan	20	7,930
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	3,150
Tibetan	0	7,380
Zimbabwean	20	3,780
Burmese	0	4,290
Mongolian	0	3,585
Azorean	0	6,085
Atikamekw	0	85
Bamileke	0	1,100
Indo-Guyanese	0	7,605
Ugandan	0	4,685
Oromo	0	3,015
Tanzanian	0	4,865
Yemeni	0	5,300
Central African	0	1,630
Libyan	0	4,200
Basque	0	1,515
Uruguayan	0	4,720
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	4,055
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	3,605
Igorot	20	2,245
Fulani	0	1,165
Woodland Cree	0	275
Guinean	0	1,120
St. Lucian	0	5,850
Prince Edward Islander	0	1,900
Maliseet	0	615
Beninese	0	1,325
Telugu	0	4,755
Roma	25	3,470
Costa Rican	0	2,735
African Nova Scotian	0	1,650
Malagasy	0	555
Kashmiri	0	3,905
Singaporean	0	2,320
Karen	0	2,365
Edo	0	3,515
Tajik	0	4,150
Amhara	0	3,135
Paraguayan	0	855
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,480	14,031,750
Buddhist	200	164,215
Christian	17,785	7,315,810
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,285	1,070,190
Anabaptist	370	57,795
Anglican	1,725	525,425
Baptist	490	165,400
Catholic	5,955	3,654,825
Christian Orthodox	190	329,850
Jehovah's Witness	175	48,290
Latter Day Saints	70	16,420
Lutheran	1,655	114,810
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	35,320
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	365	174,605
Presbyterian	1,185	202,275
Reformed	135	47,400
United Church	2,275	570,830
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	795	302,375
Hindu	320	573,700
Jewish	105	196,100
Muslim	130	942,990
Sikh	130	300,435
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15,985
Other religions and spiritual traditions	295	88,845
No religion and secular perspectives	13,505	4,433,675
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,150	13,904,805
Non-movers	28,765	12,295,685
Movers	3,380	1,609,120
Non-migrants	1,420	914,170
Migrants	1,960	694,950
Internal migrants	1,825	570,275
Intraprovincial migrants	1,675	516,425
Interprovincial migrants	150	53,850
External migrants	140	124,670
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,965	13,349,180
Non-movers	19,250	8,361,770
Movers	11,710	4,987,410
Non-migrants	4,930	2,087,055
Migrants	6,775	2,900,355
Internal migrants	6,130	2,167,365
Intraprovincial migrants	5,775	1,938,720
Interprovincial migrants	355	228,640
External migrants	650	732,990
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,720	11,782,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,025	1,969,920
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,695	9,812,905
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,005	7,584,645
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,845	757,455
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,160	6,827,190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,720	11,782,820
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,580	1,799,890
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,810	3,204,170
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,330	6,778,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,275	3,250,175
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,640	592,485
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	620	287,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,025	305,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,105	2,389,205
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	535	268,480
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,050	3,528,600
Bachelor's degree	4,155	2,307,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	380	224,820
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	90,530
Master's degree	1,165	786,440
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	119,125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,005	7,584,645
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,645	667,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,160	1,770,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,195	5,146,170
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,860	2,356,375
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,060	384,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	184,665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	720	200,110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,470	1,787,580
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	325	184,030
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,340	2,789,795
Bachelor's degree	2,990	1,798,010
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	280	173,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	71,055
Master's degree	870	658,060
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	89,470
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,720	11,782,820
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,390	5,004,055
Education	980	358,255
13. Education	980	358,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050	258,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	26,160
50. Visual and performing arts	995	232,325
Humanities	1,065	388,160
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	40,335
23. English language and literature/letters	305	99,000
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	160	112,250
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10,520
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	26,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	28,715
54. History	205	54,415
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	16,220
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,935	928,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	12,940
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	106,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420	154,370
22. Legal professions and studies	200	144,535
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	24,040
42. Psychology	325	142,265
45. Social sciences	650	344,465
Business, management and public administration	2,405	1,472,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	2,340
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	123,510
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,055	1,346,635
Physical and life sciences and technologies	470	303,310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	210	133,895
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	69,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	6,440
40. Physical sciences	110	80,200
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	13,585
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	465	367,845
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	284,925
25. Library science	45	16,090
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	56,120
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	10,705
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,475	1,274,815
04. Architecture and related services	105	61,850
14. Engineering	350	414,085
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	595	278,410
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	185
46. Construction trades	580	197,795
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	485	208,980
48. Precision production	350	113,510
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	132,765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	310	86,885
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	45,885
Health and related fields	2,145	939,610
30.37 Design for human health	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	84,485
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,845	828,240
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	2,335
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	24,520
Personal, protective and transportation services	930	351,505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	610	181,985
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	2,135
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	2,200
43. Security and protective services	230	110,890
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	54,295
Other¹⁷⁹	20	2,555
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,005	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,805	2,438,475
Education	635	242,725
13. Education	635	242,725
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	199,945
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	18,425
50. Visual and performing arts	735	181,520
Humanities	700	279,505
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	29,620
23. English language and literature/letters	185	71,745
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	83,455
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	7,195
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	19,380
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	18,420
54. History	140	39,275
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10,415
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,430	729,685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10,515
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	88,895
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345	119,090
22. Legal professions and studies	165	117,900
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	18,585
42. Psychology	220	107,035
45. Social sciences	435	267,660
Business, management and public administration	1,765	1,161,875
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	1,785
44. Public administration and social service professions	260	98,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,485	1,061,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	220,805
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	100,550
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	50,505
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	5,100
40. Physical sciences	60	55,565
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	9,090
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	304,045
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	244,700
25. Library science	25	9,860
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	40,875
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	8,610
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,790	932,505
04. Architecture and related services	90	48,030
14. Engineering	270	326,190
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	420	202,375
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	165
46. Construction trades	440	137,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	340	143,480
48. Precision production	240	75,115
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	100,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	64,365
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	36,155
Health and related fields	1,505	703,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	64,360
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,255	619,520
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	1,960
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	18,030
Personal, protective and transportation services	655	268,815
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	430	136,310
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	1,600
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	1,180
43. Security and protective services	175	89,470
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	40,255
Other¹⁷⁹	20	1,860
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,005	7,584,650
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,805	2,438,475
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,200	5,146,175
Location of study inside Canada	9,110	3,921,795
Same as province or territory of residence	8,590	3,634,290
Different than province or territory of residence	520	287,505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,095	1,224,380
Americas	395	229,280
United States of America	305	140,770
Mexico	30	11,625
Cuba	15	3,715
Haiti	0	1,250
Jamaica	0	9,200
Brazil	0	17,755
Colombia	30	12,705
Peru	0	2,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	5,530
Other locations of study in Americas	10	23,985
Europe	245	224,050
Belgium	0	1,650
France	20	11,580
Germany	10	7,115
Netherlands	25	4,345
Switzerland	0	2,525
Hungary	0	2,960
Moldova¹⁸³	0	2,080
Poland	15	16,450
Romania	10	14,985
Russian Federation	0	19,185
Ukraine	0	18,225
Ireland⁹⁶	15	6,925
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	72,655
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	3,415
Italy	0	3,895
Serbia⁸⁶	20	5,750
Other locations of study in Europe	20	30,300
Africa	35	65,145
Nigeria	15	15,165
Algeria	0	1,550
Morocco	0	2,180
Tunisia	0	805
Egypt	0	17,195
South Africa, Republic of	0	6,770
Other locations of study in Africa	25	21,480
Asia	360	686,295
Iran⁸⁸	10	35,535
Iraq	0	12,270
Israel	0	6,675
Lebanon	0	7,235
Syria⁸⁹	0	7,515
Turkey	0	7,585
China⁹⁰	30	92,585
Taiwan	0	3,535
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	8,875
Japan	0	6,310
Korea, South⁹²	25	21,145
Philippines	70	109,885
Viet Nam	0	5,120
Bangladesh	0	16,250
Sri Lanka	0	11,075
India	190	245,655
Pakistan	15	53,750
Other locations of study in Asia	10	35,295
Oceania	55	19,605
Australia	50	16,965
New Zealand	0	2,445
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	200
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,720	11,782,820
In the labour force	17,330	7,399,200
Employed	15,465	6,492,895
Unemployed	1,870	906,310
Not in the labour force	10,390	4,383,620
Participation rate	62.5	62.8
Employment rate	55.8	55.1
Unemployment rate	10.8	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,720	11,782,820
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,115	4,469,170
Worked	17,600	7,313,650
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,960	3,982,300
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,640	3,331,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,335	7,399,205
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	212,505
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	17,085	7,186,695
Employee	14,790	6,109,070
Permanent position	12,915	5,166,275
Temporary position	1,870	942,795
Fixed term (1 year or more)	530	324,250
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,340	618,540
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,300	1,077,625
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,335	7,399,205
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	212,505
All occupations¹⁹¹	17,085	7,186,695
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	95,240
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,615	1,328,155
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	925	685,390
3 Health occupations	1,150	543,565
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,885	871,260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	865	232,200
6 Sales and service occupations	4,015	1,735,930
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,960	1,175,410
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	245	148,055
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,235	371,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,335	7,399,205
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	212,505
All industries¹⁹¹	17,085	7,186,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	104,895
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	34,360
22 Utilities	50	55,230
23 Construction	1,250	538,340
31-33 Manufacturing	3,570	655,935
41 Wholesale trade	535	244,910
44-45 Retail trade	2,005	798,090
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	565	379,485
51 Information and cultural industries	315	169,120
52 Finance and insurance	650	399,030
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	185	152,050
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,020	681,235
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	26,240
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	460	324,285
61 Educational services	1,150	531,260
62 Health care and social assistance	2,280	859,910
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	130,490
72 Accommodation and food services	975	390,675
81 Other services (except public administration)	610	283,115
91 Public administration	495	428,030
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,825	7,885,710
English	18,535	7,181,805
French	20	52,565
Non-official language	20	74,365
Indigenous³⁹	0	305
Non-Indigenous	20	74,060
English and French	145	285,005
English and non-official language(s)	95	275,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	355
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10,820
Multiple non-official languages	0	5,475
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,825	7,885,710
Single responses	18,815	7,783,760
Official languages	18,790	7,649,065
English	18,755	7,555,160
French	35	93,910
Non-official languages	25	134,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	1,240
Algonquian languages	0	1,185
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	155
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	155
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	145
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	1,030
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	465
Ojibway languages	0	560
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	535
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	20
Mohawk	0	20
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0
Squamish	0	0
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	133,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	4,830
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	210
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	10
Somali	0	190
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	4,615
Amharic	0	60
Arabic	0	3,735
Aramaic languages	0	410
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	320
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	85
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	315
Tigrigna	0	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	3,365
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	140
Vietnamese	0	3,225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	1,530
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	55
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	40
Indonesian	0	65
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	1,330
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Creole languages	0	50
Haitian Creole	0	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	2,660
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	160
Tamil	0	2,440
Telugu	0	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	70
Indo-European languages	15	50,205
Albanian	0	270
Armenian	0	195
Balto-Slavic languages	0	6,865
Baltic languages	0	65
Latvian	0	30
Lithuanian	0	40
Slavic languages	0	6,790
Bulgarian	0	60
Czech	0	40
Macedonian	0	75
Polish	0	1,765
Russian	0	3,295
Serbo-Croatian	0	605
Bosnian	0	85
Croatian	0	135
Serbian	0	395
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	910
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Celtic languages	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	7,320
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	5,945
German	0	3,210
Pennsylvania German	0	2,555
Swiss German	0	135
Yiddish	0	50
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	1,275
Afrikaans	0	25
Dutch	0	680
Low German, n.o.s.	0	55
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	515
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	90
Danish	0	15
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	15
Swedish	0	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	355
Indo-Iranian languages	0	19,460
Indo-Aryan languages	0	15,015
Bengali	0	440
Gujarati	0	850
Hindi	0	1,145
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	15
Nepali	0	150
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	10,235
Sindhi	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	75
Urdu	0	2,080
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Iranian languages	0	4,435
Kurdish	0	125
Pashto	0	85
Persian languages	0	4,210
Dari	0	415
Iranian Persian	0	3,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	380
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Italic (Romance) languages	0	15,735
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	1,005
Portuguese	0	5,645
Romanian	0	300
Spanish	0	8,765
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	1,075
Korean	0	5,460
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	170
Akan (Twi)	0	30
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	60
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	10
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sign languages	0	845
American Sign Language	0	795
Quebec Sign Language	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	61,525
Chinese languages	0	61,360
Hakka	0	45
Mandarin	0	37,260
Min Dong	0	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	150
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	23,610
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	250
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	135
Burmese	0	15
Karenic languages	0	45
S'gaw Karen	0	35
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	80
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	330
Lao	0	50
Thai	0	275
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	970
Azerbaijani	0	35
Turkish	0	905
Uyghur	0	30
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	350
Estonian	0	65
Finnish	0	55
Hungarian	0	230
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Multiple responses	10	101,955
English and French	10	46,525
English and non-official language(s)	0	53,330
French and non-official language(s)	0	155
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	880
Multiple non-official languages	0	1,060
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,825	7,885,710
None	18,580	7,400,850
English	20	89,345
French	125	199,430
Non-official language	85	154,150
Indigenous³⁹	0	2,895
Non-Indigenous	85	151,255
English and French	0	270
English and non-official language(s)	0	7,395
French and non-official language(s)	10	7,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	50
Multiple non-official languages	0	26,705
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,465	6,492,895
Worked at home	3,020	1,929,760
Worked outside Canada	20	29,740
No fixed workplace address	1,505	765,180
Usual place of work	10,915	3,768,210
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,920	3,768,210
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,235	2,212,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	790	653,055
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,865	885,485
Commute to a different province or territory	25	17,050
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,420	4,533,390
Car, truck or van	10,800	3,790,545
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,595	3,451,650
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,205	338,895
Public transit	225	390,140
Walked	890	208,380
Bicycle	250	37,665
Other method	255	106,655
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,420	4,533,390
Less than 15 minutes	7,775	1,283,185
15 to 29 minutes	2,265	1,527,580
30 to 44 minutes	1,120	934,230
45 to 59 minutes	715	375,215
60 minutes and over	535	413,180
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,420	4,533,390
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	965	351,800
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,655	797,475
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,860	1,066,580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,485	938,175
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,170	632,825
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,280	746,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,875	2,781,415
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	349,875
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,525	2,431,540
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,245	2,047,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	268,250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	179,995
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	130	88,260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,985	1,778,960

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table