Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Thomas, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	42,840	...	...
Population, 2016¹	38,909	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,596	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	18,062	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,203.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	35.61	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	42,840	20,710	22,130
0 to 14 years	7,155	3,740	3,420
0 to 4 years	2,135	1,115	1,020
5 to 9 years	2,425	1,300	1,120
10 to 14 years	2,595	1,325	1,275
15 to 64 years	26,570	12,950	13,625
15 to 19 years	2,375	1,230	1,145
20 to 24 years	2,205	1,150	1,055
25 to 29 years	2,330	1,135	1,195
30 to 34 years	2,715	1,325	1,385
35 to 39 years	2,675	1,285	1,390
40 to 44 years	2,620	1,250	1,375
45 to 49 years	2,745	1,360	1,380
50 to 54 years	2,760	1,330	1,425
55 to 59 years	3,100	1,470	1,635
60 to 64 years	3,050	1,420	1,635
65 years and over	9,115	4,030	5,085
65 to 69 years	2,685	1,245	1,440
70 to 74 years	2,490	1,110	1,380
75 to 79 years	1,730	810	925
80 to 84 years	1,140	485	655
85 years and over	1,065	380	685
85 to 89 years	630	250	380
90 to 94 years	325	110	215
95 to 99 years	95	15	85
100 years and over	10	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	18.1	15.5
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.5	61.6
65 years and over	21.3	19.5	23.0
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	43.0	41.5	44.3
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	18,065	...	...
Single-detached house	11,705	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,330	...	...
Row house	730	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	595	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,905	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	775	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	18,060	...	...
1 person	5,350	...	...
2 persons	6,620	...	...
3 persons	2,680	...	...
4 persons	2,215	...	...
5 or more persons	1,210	...	...
Number of persons in private households	42,110	20,420	21,685
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,685	16,975	18,710
Married or living common-law	20,030	9,990	10,040
Married	15,915	7,940	7,975
Living common-law	4,115	2,050	2,065
Living common law - Never married	2,650	1,325	1,325
Living common law - Separated	285	140	140
Living common law - Divorced	1,070	530	540
Living common law - Widowed	110	50	60
Not married and not living common-law	15,655	6,985	8,670
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,065	4,835	4,225
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,345	555	790
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,790	1,040	1,750
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,460	555	1,910
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,425	...	...
2 persons	6,875	...	...
3 persons	2,555	...	...
4 persons	2,085	...	...
5 or more persons	910	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,425	...	...
Total couple families	9,875	...	...
Married couples	7,820	...	...
With children⁶	3,655	...	...
Without children	4,165	...	...
Common-law couples	2,055	...	...
With children⁶	895	...	...
Without children	1,160	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,550	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,010	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	545	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	42,105	20,420	21,685
Total - Persons in census families	34,645	17,070	17,580
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,745	9,855	9,895
Parents in one-parent families	2,555	545	2,010
Children⁶	12,350	6,675	5,675
In a two-parent family	8,425	4,550	3,880
In a one-parent family	3,925	2,130	1,800
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,460	3,350	4,110
Living alone	5,345	2,290	3,060
Living with other relatives⁷	855	340	510
Living with non-relatives only	1,260	720	540
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	18,060	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,135	...	...
Couple-family households	9,080	...	...
With children⁶	4,185	...	...
Without children	4,895	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,055	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	405	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	530	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	570	...	...
One-person households	5,345	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	34,975	16,700	18,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,795	16,055	17,735
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	45,200	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,805	16,060	17,740
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,420	14,315	15,105
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,415	11,975	11,440
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,145	14,605	16,535
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,000	8,600	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,675	1,730	1,945
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,040	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,210	4,480	4,735
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	34,975	16,690	18,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,790	16,015	17,775
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	52,300	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,805	16,020	17,785
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,160	44,600	36,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,470	14,285	15,180
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	47,600	33,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,415	11,930	11,485
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440	46,840	35,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,150	14,530	16,620
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,050	10,830	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,810	1,830	1,975
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,055	5,580	6,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,255	4,450	4,810
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,370	8,090	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	34,975	16,690	18,290
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,005	6,035	4,965
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	60,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,100	68,200	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,075	4,125	4,950
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,240	31,040	22,240
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	81.2	70.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	66.6	56.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	18.8	30.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.8	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.3	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	34,975	16,695	18,280
Without total income	1,180	640	545
With total income	33,790	16,060	17,735
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,375	1,010	1,370
$10,000 to $19,999	4,265	1,640	2,630
$20,000 to $29,999	5,450	2,190	3,260
$30,000 to $39,999	4,825	2,050	2,780
$40,000 to $49,999	4,470	2,130	2,340
$50,000 to $59,999	3,700	1,855	1,840
$60,000 to $69,999	2,675	1,460	1,220
$70,000 to $79,999	1,860	1,075	790
$80,000 to $89,999	1,245	770	470
$90,000 to $99,999	920	565	350
$100,000 and over	2,010	1,320	690
$100,000 to $149,999	1,630	1,040	590
$150,000 and over	380	275	105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	34,975	16,695	18,280
Without after-tax income	1,175	635	540
With after-tax income	33,800	16,060	17,740
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,495	1,040	1,460
$10,000 to $19,999	4,420	1,710	2,715
$20,000 to $29,999	6,220	2,525	3,690
$30,000 to $39,999	5,770	2,605	3,165
$40,000 to $49,999	5,235	2,600	2,635
$50,000 to $59,999	3,685	1,950	1,735
$60,000 to $69,999	2,365	1,350	1,015
$70,000 to $79,999	1,395	870	530
$80,000 to $89,999	1,010	575	435
$90,000 to $99,999	480	325	160
$100,000 and over	725	515	215
$100,000 to $124,999	435	310	125
$125,000 and over	290	200	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	34,975	16,695	18,280
Without employment income	11,555	4,720	6,835
With employment income	23,415	11,970	11,445
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,580	1,840	1,735
$5,000 to $9,999	1,740	685	1,055
$10,000 to $19,999	2,745	1,105	1,640
$20,000 to $29,999	2,340	1,020	1,320
$30,000 to $39,999	2,335	1,125	1,205
$40,000 to $49,999	2,465	1,220	1,250
$50,000 to $59,999	2,265	1,225	1,035
$60,000 to $69,999	1,675	980	695
$70,000 to $79,999	1,200	745	450
$80,000 to $89,999	875	575	295
$90,000 to $99,999	695	415	280
$100,000 and over	1,510	1,035	475
$100,000 to $124,999	970	620	350
$125,000 and over	540	415	120
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	34,975	16,700	18,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,210	15,765	17,450
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,225	15,765	17,460
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	39,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,190	14,220	14,970
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,615	12,035	11,580
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,735	13,850	15,890
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,450	2,440	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,060	1,420	1,645
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	4,240	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	34,975	16,690	18,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,235	15,800	17,435
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	49,920	38,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,255	15,800	17,455
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,040	42,480	34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,265	14,270	15,005
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,680	47,840	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,595	12,000	11,595
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,800	47,400	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,790	13,915	15,875
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,960	7,630	10,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,140	1,435	1,705
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,045	5,040	6,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	34,975	16,690	18,290
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,980	6,030	4,950
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,450	64,700	53,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,600	3,930	4,675
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	31,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,560	37,720	26,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.6	86.6	76.0
Employment income (%)	67.6	72.2	62.3
Government transfers (%)	18.3	13.4	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	18,060	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,715	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	18,060	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,710	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	18,060	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	240	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	725	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	735	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	625	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	755	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	765	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,515	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,375	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,175	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,875	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,240	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,455	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,450	...	...
$200,000 and over	725	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	18,060	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	775	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	870	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	740	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	900	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,690	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,590	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,335	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,065	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,130	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,140	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,945	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,600	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,405	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,605	3,010	3,600
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,265	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,910	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,650	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,370	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,640	3,075	3,575
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,160	45,320	41,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,720	39,080	36,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	42,110	20,420	21,685
0 to 17 years	8,635	4,505	4,125
0 to 5 years	2,625	1,375	1,245
18 to 64 years	24,855	12,030	12,820
65 years and over	8,625	3,885	4,740
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,590	2,080	2,510
0 to 17 years	1,075	565	505
0 to 5 years	370	185	185
18 to 64 years	2,445	1,135	1,305
65 years and over	1,070	380	695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.2	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.5	12.6	12.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.3	13.7	14.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.8	9.5	10.2
65 years and over (%)	12.4	9.7	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	42,105	20,425	21,685
0 to 17 years	8,630	4,505	4,130
0 to 5 years	2,625	1,375	1,250
18 to 64 years	24,850	12,030	12,825
65 years and over	8,620	3,885	4,735
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,635	835	800
0 to 17 years	265	135	130
0 to 5 years	95	40	55
18 to 64 years	1,240	650	595
65 years and over	130	55	70
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	2.9	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.4	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	42,110	20,420	21,685
In bottom half of the distribution	24,010	11,325	12,680
In bottom decile	3,985	1,875	2,105
In second decile	4,740	2,115	2,625
In third decile	5,030	2,355	2,680
In fourth decile	5,250	2,535	2,720
In fifth decile	5,005	2,445	2,555
In top half of the distribution	18,100	9,100	9,005
In sixth decile	4,900	2,415	2,485
In seventh decile	4,385	2,220	2,165
In eighth decile	3,855	1,940	1,910
In ninth decile	3,240	1,650	1,580
In top decile	1,715	865	850
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	42,105	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.280	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.419	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	42,325	20,505	21,820
English only	40,140	19,585	20,555
French only	20	10	15
English and French	2,040	860	1,180
Neither English nor French	125	50	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	42,325	20,505	21,820
English	41,780	20,250	21,530
French	400	200	200
English and French	25	5	15
Neither English nor French	115	45	75
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	42,325	20,505	21,820
Single responses	41,730	20,220	21,515
Official languages	38,815	18,890	19,930
English	38,380	18,680	19,700
French	440	215	225
Non-official languages	2,910	1,325	1,580
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,905	1,325	1,580
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	65	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	65	70
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	95	45	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	190	100	90
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	55	55
Vietnamese	85	50	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	150	60	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	55	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	35	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	50	30	25
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,070	925	1,145
Albanian	45	20	25
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	530	240	285
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	0	5	0
Lithuanian	10	5	0
Slavic languages	515	230	285
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	25	10	15
Macedonian	5	5	5
Polish	230	105	125
Russian	50	20	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	150	70	80
Bosnian	5	5	5
Croatian	130	65	70
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	30	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	705	285	420
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	300	115	180
German	285	110	175
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	160	230
Afrikaans	5	0	5
Dutch	290	120	175
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Low Saxon	5	0	5
Plautdietsch	55	20	35
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10
Danish	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	250	125	125
Indo-Aryan languages	235	115	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	75	35	35
Hindi	20	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	50	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	240	270
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	135	65	70
Portuguese	120	55	65
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	225	105	115
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	40	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	5	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	40	50
Chinese languages	80	35	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	10	0
Burmese	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	15	5	5
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	25	35
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	50	20	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	595	290	310
English and French	140	70	70
English and non-official language(s)	415	195	215
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	42,325	20,505	21,820
English	39,535	19,220	20,320
French	60	30	30
Non-official language	465	225	235
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	465	225	235
English and French	300	125	175
English and non-official language(s)	1,855	860	995
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	42,325	20,505	21,820
Single responses	41,885	20,300	21,585
Official languages	40,905	19,820	21,085
English	40,815	19,780	21,040
French	85	45	45
Non-official languages	980	475	505
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	980	475	505
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	15	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	15
Aramaic languages	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	70
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	30	35
Vietnamese	55	30	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	30
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	25	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	20	15
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	580	280	305
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	80	95
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	170	80	95
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	80	35	40
Russian	30	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	25
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	10	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	0	10
German	15	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	185	90	90
Indo-Aryan languages	180	95	85
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	30	25
Hindi	10	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	85	90
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	15
Portuguese	25	15	15
Romanian	10	5	10
Spanish	105	50	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	20	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25
Chinese languages	45	25	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	435	210	235
English and French	25	5	20
English and non-official language(s)	400	195	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	42,325	20,505	21,820
None	40,440	19,650	20,785
English	465	220	245
French	265	110	150
Non-official language	970	435	535
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	965	430	530
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	42,105	20,425	21,685
Official languages	41,970	20,360	21,610
English	41,940	20,350	21,595
French	2,020	860	1,165
Non-official languages	3,910	1,765	2,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,900	1,765	2,140
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	110	100
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	105	95
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	75	70
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	45	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	100	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	155	75	80
Vietnamese	55	30	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	255	105	155
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235	95	140
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	60	30	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	0	0
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,735	1,230	1,505
Albanian	30	20	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	620	285	335
Baltic languages	20	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	0
Slavic languages	605	275	330
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Macedonian	10	0	0
Polish	275	90	185
Russian	50	25	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	185	115	70
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	185	115	70
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	10	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	775	310	465
Frisian	15	0	10
High German languages	420	200	215
German	410	190	215
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	125	265
Afrikaans	20	0	20
Dutch	285	95	190
Low German, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	60	20	40
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages	415	210	205
Indo-Aryan languages	370	190	180
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	130	55	75
Hindi	220	115	105
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	110	45	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	975	445	535
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	230	110	120
Portuguese	165	75	95
Romanian	55	20	30
Spanish	575	250	335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	15	35
Korean	20	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	50
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	45	40
American Sign Language	75	35	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	30	85
Chinese languages	120	30	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	80	20	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	0	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	10	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	15	15
Lao	30	15	15
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	25	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	65	25	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	60	25	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,105	20,420	21,690
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,165	575	595
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,125	570	550
First Nations (North American Indian)	765	385	380
Métis	325	170	155
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0	30
Non-Indigenous identity	40,945	19,850	21,095
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	42,105	20,420	21,690
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	435	195	235
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	41,670	20,225	21,445
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	18,060	...	...
Owner	12,245	...	...
Renter	5,815	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	18,060	...	...
Condominium	610	...	...
Not condominium	17,455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	18,060	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...
1 bedroom	1,960	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,625	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,345	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	18,060	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,640	...	...
5 rooms	2,490	...	...
6 rooms	2,860	...	...
7 rooms	2,950	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,120	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	18,060	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,945	...	...
More than one person per room	115	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	18,060	...	...
Suitable	17,530	...	...
Not suitable	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	18,060	...	...
1960 or before	5,940	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,485	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,435	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,625	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,260	...	...
2011 to 2015	775	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	18,060	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,900	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,165	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	18,060	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,460	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,050	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	550	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	18,060	...	...
15 to 24 years	395	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,155	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,050	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,195	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,545	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,210	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,905	...	...
85 years and over	600	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	18,035	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,600	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,435	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,280	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	18,060	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,785	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,175	...	...
Not suitable only	400	...	...
Major repairs needed only	860	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	220	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,280	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,880	...	...
In core need	1,895	...	...
Not in core need	15,985	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,240	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,262	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	448,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	469,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,810	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,047	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	42,110	20,420	21,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	420	190	225
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	405	190	215
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	335	160	170
Métis single ancestry	65	25	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,245	615	630
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,220	600	620
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940	465	475
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	125	135
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	40,445	19,615	20,825
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	42,110	20,420	21,685
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,140	20,015	21,130
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,505	4,505	4,005
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	32,645	15,510	17,130
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	960	410	555
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	42,110	20,420	21,685
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	37,585	18,390	19,190
Immigrants⁸¹	4,400	1,960	2,440
Before 1980	1,910	865	1,050
1980 to 1990	715	320	400
1991 to 2000	515	225	290
2001 to 2010	625	265	365
2011 to 2021⁸²	630	295	340
2011 to 2015	230	100	130
2016 to 2021	405	195	215
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	75	55
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,400	1,960	2,440
Under 5 years	620	290	330
5 to 14 years	950	460	485
15 to 24 years	1,120	445	670
25 to 44 years	1,550	700	850
45 years and over	165	70	100
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,400	1,960	2,440
Americas	975	430	545
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	75	35	40
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	15	15	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	160	60	105
Mexico	215	105	105
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10
United States of America	320	150	175
Other places of birth in Americas	150	50	95
Europe	2,200	1,005	1,195
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0
Croatia	110	55	50
France	10	0	0
Germany	125	40	80
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	30	15	10
Italy	120	65	50
Netherlands	310	125	185
Poland	205	60	145
Portugal	105	55	50
Romania	45	25	25
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	835	390	445
Other places of birth in Europe	255	140	115
Africa	170	75	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	15	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	30	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	50
Asia	1,035	435	600
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	25	0	20
Iraq	40	20	20
Lebanon	45	15	35
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	15	10	0
China⁹⁰	50	20	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	0	20
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	230	90	140
Viet Nam	30	15	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	200	95	105
Pakistan	70	30	40
Sri Lanka	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	240	105	130
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	400	190	210
Americas	170	90	75
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	30	10
Mexico	80	55	30
United States of America	45	10	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	10	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	10
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15
Africa	30	10	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	165	75	90
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	90	40	45
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	15	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	42,105	20,425	21,690
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,820	2,200	2,625
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,980	3,455	3,515
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,310	14,770	15,540
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,485	1,095	1,390
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	910	410	495
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	385	205	180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	525	205	315
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	850	345	505
Refugees¹⁰⁸	705	335	370
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,485	1,095	1,390
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	225	115	105
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	270	110	160
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	30	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	95	50	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	0	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,830	785	1,040
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	42,105	20,420	21,690
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,990	1,410	1,580
South Asian	550	285	265
Chinese	140	55	85
Black	805	365	440
Filipino	345	140	205
Arab	205	110	95
Latin American	345	165	180
Southeast Asian	350	185	170
West Asian	35	20	15
Korean	40	10	30
Japanese	50	10	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	35	25
Multiple visible minorities	70	40	30
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,120	19,010	20,110
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	42,105	20,425	21,685
Canadian	8,875	4,405	4,470
English	13,645	6,495	7,145
Irish	8,505	4,060	4,445
Scottish	9,365	4,400	4,965
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,840	1,895	1,940
German	5,230	2,550	2,680
Chinese	280	145	135
Italian	1,410	730	685
Indian (India)	310	170	140
Ukrainian	695	310	385
Dutch	3,330	1,615	1,715
Polish	1,395	670	725
Québécois	70	45	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,845	840	1,005
Filipino	340	145	200
French Canadian	355	175	180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	850	450	400
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	625	315	315
Métis	355	160	195
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	655	340	315
Russian	265	125	140
Norwegian	230	100	130
Welsh	825	390	440
Portuguese	480	235	245
American	730	330	395
Spanish	185	85	100
Swedish	195	110	85
Hungarian	795	325	470
Acadian	95	55	40
Pakistani	90	40	50
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	190	110	80
Jewish	55	45	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	85	40	45
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	35	30
Greek	190	95	90
Jamaican	240	100	140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	10	30
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	15	10
Korean	55	20	30
Romanian	295	160	135
Lebanese	130	65	65
Iranian	15	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	45	45
Danish	305	135	170
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	285	130	155
Sikh	20	0	15
Austrian	120	45	80
Belgian	485	215	270
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	110	55	55
Mexican	355	190	170
Mennonite	220	100	120
Swiss	90	30	60
Finnish	135	70	65
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	360	200	160
Japanese	55	15	40
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	15	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	50	80
Muslim	40	20	20
Egyptian	60	55	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	15	25
Tamil	30	20	15
Icelandic	35	20	15
Colombian	80	35	40
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	165	85	80
Syrian	20	0	15
Guyanese	25	15	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	20
Serbian	40	15	20
Ojibway	110	65	40
Newfoundlander	110	45	75
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	220	110	110
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	90	40	40
Turkish	20	10	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	10	0	10
Nigerian	65	25	45
Armenian	35	15	25
Slovak	135	65	75
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	85	45	40
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	30	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	75	45	30
South African	30	10	20
Australian	65	30	30
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	15	35
Peruvian	25	10	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	225	115	110
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	40	30	10
Maltese	240	140	100
Macedonian	40	15	25
Slovenian	75	35	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	35	35
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	55	20	30
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	45	20	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	20	25
Bulgarian	30	0	25
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10
Barbadian	40	15	20
African American	35	0	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	110	60	45
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	10	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	35	25	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	50	30	20
Indonesian	15	0	10
Laotian	95	55	40
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	30	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	10	10
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	20
Fijian	10	10	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	15	35
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	50	20	25
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	20	30
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	25
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	50	80
Malaysian	15	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	35	15	15
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	10	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	10
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	15	15
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	0	15
Azorean	30	20	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	35	20	10
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	10	10	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	42,105	20,420	21,685
Buddhist	160	80	75
Christian	22,525	10,115	12,405
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,750	1,745	2,005
Anabaptist	35	10	25
Anglican	1,970	795	1,175
Baptist	1,835	785	1,050
Catholic	7,720	3,605	4,110
Christian Orthodox	150	70	75
Jehovah's Witness	300	105	195
Latter Day Saints	100	55	40
Lutheran	310	135	170
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	60	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	480	210	270
Presbyterian	1,030	445	590
Reformed	255	140	120
United Church	3,170	1,340	1,830
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,325	620	705
Hindu	235	130	105
Jewish	25	10	15
Muslim	365	195	175
Sikh	65	35	30
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	220	90	130
No religion and secular perspectives	18,500	9,760	8,745
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	41,780	20,250	21,525
Non-movers	36,795	17,895	18,900
Movers	4,980	2,355	2,625
Non-migrants	2,705	1,325	1,375
Migrants	2,275	1,030	1,245
Internal migrants	2,155	1,000	1,155
Intraprovincial migrants	2,100	975	1,125
Interprovincial migrants	60	25	35
External migrants	120	30	90
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	40,060	19,325	20,740
Non-movers	23,120	11,245	11,875
Movers	16,940	8,080	8,865
Non-migrants	6,940	3,285	3,655
Migrants	10,000	4,795	5,210
Internal migrants	9,590	4,610	4,975
Intraprovincial migrants	9,120	4,380	4,740
Interprovincial migrants	465	230	235
External migrants	415	185	230
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,975	16,690	18,285
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,965	3,625	3,340
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,010	13,065	14,945
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,725	10,360	11,365
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,505	1,405	1,105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,220	8,960	10,260
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,975	16,685	18,285
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,125	3,110	3,015
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,600	5,835	5,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,250	7,745	9,505
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,470	5,745	6,725
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,055	1,520	535
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	975	585	385
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,080	930	150
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,960	4,025	5,935
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455	205	250
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,780	2,000	2,780
Bachelor's degree	3,525	1,445	2,075
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	105	235
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	35	25
Master's degree	780	375	405
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	40	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,725	10,365	11,365
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,095	1,155	945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,100	3,825	3,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,530	5,385	7,145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,940	4,005	4,935
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275	910	360
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	620	370	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	650	545	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,380	2,975	4,400
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	290	115	175
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,590	1,380	2,210
Bachelor's degree	2,665	1,005	1,655
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	250	75	175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	20
Master's degree	595	260	335
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	10	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,970	16,685	18,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,725	8,945	8,780
Education	965	270	695
13. Education	965	270	695
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	540	225	310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	55	25
50. Visual and performing arts	455	165	285
Humanities	880	405	480
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	180	60	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	90	95
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	20	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	195	125	70
54. History	125	65	65
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,115	555	1,560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	75	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	640	35	605
22. Legal professions and studies	285	45	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	15	45
42. Psychology	375	105	270
45. Social sciences	585	275	310
Business, management and public administration	2,955	1,030	1,925
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	385	85	300
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,555	945	1,615
Physical and life sciences and technologies	385	170	215
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	165	80	85
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	40	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	70	50	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	360	190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	425	310	120
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	45	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,335	3,105	225
04. Architecture and related services	90	55	30
14. Engineering	220	180	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	930	840	85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	610	600	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	865	850	15
48. Precision production	625	585	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	225	130
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	160	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	90	65	25
Health and related fields	3,750	625	3,120
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	130	175
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,425	490	2,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,425	770	655
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	630	185	450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	550	370	175
49. Transportation and materials moving	235	210	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,725	10,365	11,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,195	4,975	4,215
Education	655	185	470
13. Education	655	185	470
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	135	225
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	15
50. Visual and performing arts	320	100	210
Humanities	575	260	315
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	130	35	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	75	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	75	30
54. History	85	40	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,700	375	1,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	110	65	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	25	505
22. Legal professions and studies	250	35	215
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	0	40
42. Psychology	290	65	225
45. Social sciences	445	185	255
Business, management and public administration	2,200	710	1,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	50	265
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,875	660	1,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	240	100	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	50	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	15	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	25	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	410	275	135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	345	250	95
25. Library science	25	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	20	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,330	2,150	185
04. Architecture and related services	75	45	25
14. Engineering	160	135	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	700	615	80
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	390	385	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	605	590	15
48. Precision production	395	375	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	135	130
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	85	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	45	25
Health and related fields	2,650	440	2,210
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	100	130
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,405	335	2,070
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,135	610	530
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	130	350
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	460	305	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	170	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,725	10,365	11,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,195	4,975	4,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,535	5,385	7,145
Location of study inside Canada	11,665	5,050	6,620
Same as province or territory of residence	11,285	4,845	6,435
Different than province or territory of residence	385	200	185
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	865	340	525
Americas	325	130	195
United States of America	225	100	130
Mexico	20	0	20
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	35	10	20
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10
Europe	205	80	125
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	20	0	15
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	85	30	55
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	20
Africa	25	15	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0
Asia	285	95	190
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	20	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	80	10	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	75	40	35
Pakistan	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20
Oceania	25	15	10
Australia	20	10	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	34,975	16,685	18,285
In the labour force	20,610	10,470	10,140
Employed	18,295	9,345	8,950
Unemployed	2,315	1,125	1,190
Not in the labour force	14,365	6,220	8,145
Participation rate	58.9	62.8	55.5
Employment rate	52.3	56.0	48.9
Unemployment rate	11.2	10.7	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	34,970	16,685	18,285
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,380	6,265	8,115
Worked	20,595	10,425	10,175
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,160	6,120	5,040
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,435	4,300	5,135
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.8	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,605	10,465	10,140
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	225	220
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,155	10,240	9,915
Employee	18,120	9,125	8,995
Permanent position	16,070	8,155	7,915
Temporary position	2,050	975	1,080
Fixed term (1 year or more)	665	270	395
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,385	700	685
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,040	1,115	925
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,605	10,465	10,140
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	225	220
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,155	10,240	9,915
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	130	80	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,855	815	2,045
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,025	765	255
3 Health occupations	1,810	310	1,505
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,230	660	1,570
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	405	110	295
6 Sales and service occupations	5,200	2,230	2,975
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,005	3,540	460
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	290	235	55
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,205	1,500	710
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,605	10,465	10,140
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	450	225	220
All industries¹⁹¹	20,155	10,240	9,915
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	145	100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	0
22 Utilities	110	80	30
23 Construction	1,420	1,230	190
31-33 Manufacturing	3,735	2,650	1,085
41 Wholesale trade	515	400	115
44-45 Retail trade	2,315	1,160	1,160
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,070	745	320
51 Information and cultural industries	135	90	50
52 Finance and insurance	640	270	370
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	315	155	155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	915	440	485
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	940	505	435
61 Educational services	1,335	380	960
62 Health care and social assistance	3,150	465	2,680
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	330	170	165
72 Accommodation and food services	1,270	440	825
81 Other services (except public administration)	875	485	390
91 Public administration	785	395	395
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,050	11,100	10,950
English	21,700	10,970	10,725
French	35	10	25
Non-official language	40	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	40	20	15
English and French	140	25	115
English and non-official language(s)	130	60	70
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,050	11,100	10,950
Single responses	22,000	11,095	10,900
Official languages	21,935	11,050	10,885
English	21,870	11,040	10,830
French	65	10	55
Non-official languages	60	45	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	45	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	0	45
English and French	30	0	30
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,050	11,100	10,950
None	21,820	11,010	10,810
English	55	25	35
French	80	20	60
Non-official language	60	25	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	25	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,295	9,345	8,950
Worked at home	3,050	1,165	1,890
Worked outside Canada	40	35	10
No fixed workplace address	1,915	1,400	515
Usual place of work	13,290	6,745	6,545
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,290	6,745	6,540
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,365	3,375	3,990
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,305	620	685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,600	2,745	1,855
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,205	8,150	7,055
Car, truck or van	14,190	7,635	6,555
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,870	6,975	5,895
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,320	660	665
Public transit	55	25	25
Walked	635	300	335
Bicycle	120	85	35
Other method	200	100	100
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,205	8,150	7,055
Less than 15 minutes	7,585	3,515	4,075
15 to 29 minutes	3,620	2,100	1,525
30 to 44 minutes	2,780	1,685	1,090
45 to 59 minutes	725	480	245
60 minutes and over	490	370	120
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,205	8,150	7,055
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,470	950	520
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,595	2,310	1,285
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,450	1,805	1,650
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,520	930	1,595
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,315	525	790
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,855	1,635	1,220
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,800	4,590	4,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	705	345	360
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,095	4,245	3,845
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,515	3,395	3,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	545	275	270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	315	150	165
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	120	110
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,970	3,120	2,850

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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