Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chatham-Kent, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	103,988	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,647	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,752	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,028	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	42.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,451.90	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,985	51,225	52,765
0 to 14 years	16,550	8,535	8,020
0 to 4 years	5,055	2,630	2,425
5 to 9 years	5,640	2,920	2,720
10 to 14 years	5,860	2,985	2,880
15 to 64 years	62,900	31,280	31,615
15 to 19 years	5,790	3,010	2,785
20 to 24 years	5,505	2,815	2,690
25 to 29 years	5,465	2,775	2,695
30 to 34 years	5,610	2,830	2,780
35 to 39 years	5,965	2,895	3,070
40 to 44 years	5,650	2,885	2,765
45 to 49 years	5,780	2,820	2,955
50 to 54 years	6,370	3,150	3,225
55 to 59 years	8,100	3,910	4,190
60 to 64 years	8,660	4,190	4,470
65 years and over	24,535	11,410	13,125
65 to 69 years	7,720	3,800	3,920
70 to 74 years	6,485	3,125	3,365
75 to 79 years	4,425	2,085	2,340
80 to 84 years	2,955	1,310	1,650
85 years and over	2,945	1,095	1,855
85 to 89 years	1,780	725	1,055
90 to 94 years	895	310	580
95 to 99 years	235	50	180
100 years and over	35	0	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.2
15 to 64 years	60.5	61.1	59.9
65 years and over	23.6	22.3	24.9
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.5
Average age of the population	44.3	43.3	45.3
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,030	...	...
Single-detached house	33,455	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,445	...	...
Row house	1,535	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,075	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,540	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,030	...	...
1 person	13,355	...	...
2 persons	16,785	...	...
3 persons	5,865	...	...
4 persons	4,835	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,765	50,250	51,515
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,435	42,690	44,745
Married or living common-law	50,655	25,380	25,280
Married	41,865	20,980	20,880
Living common-law	8,795	4,395	4,395
Living common law - Never married	5,540	2,795	2,745
Living common law - Separated	685	345	340
Living common law - Divorced	2,225	1,140	1,090
Living common law - Widowed	340	120	220
Not married and not living common-law	36,775	17,310	19,470
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,815	11,975	9,840
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,775	1,255	1,525
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,875	2,630	3,250
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,310	1,450	4,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,995	...	...
2 persons	17,145	...	...
3 persons	5,700	...	...
4 persons	4,535	...	...
5 or more persons	2,610	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,990	...	...
Total couple families	24,835	...	...
Married couples	20,440	...	...
With children⁶	8,860	...	...
Without children	11,580	...	...
Common-law couples	4,395	...	...
With children⁶	1,910	...	...
Without children	2,485	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,160	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,970	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,765	50,250	51,515
Total - Persons in census families	83,970	41,740	42,230
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,670	24,820	24,845
Parents in one-parent families	5,155	1,195	3,965
Children⁶	29,150	15,735	13,415
In a two-parent family	20,990	11,210	9,785
In a one-parent family	8,155	4,525	3,635
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,795	8,505	9,285
Living alone	13,360	6,170	7,185
Living with other relatives⁷	1,740	770	970
Living with non-relatives only	2,695	1,570	1,130
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,025	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,540	...	...
Couple-family households	23,335	...	...
With children⁶	10,105	...	...
Without children	13,225	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,205	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	775	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,265	...	...
One-person households	13,360	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,230	41,725	43,505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,015	40,615	42,400
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,055	40,645	42,415
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,195	36,190	36,010
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,800	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,535	30,270	27,265
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,000	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,215	36,995	39,220
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	9,500	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,510	4,145	4,370
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,150	10,440	10,710
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,220	41,715	43,505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,045	40,590	42,455
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	52,500	41,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,105	40,630	42,475
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,360	36,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,100	36,130	35,975
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	47,800	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,540	30,240	27,305
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,840	44,720	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,260	36,995	39,270
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,040	10,910	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,505	4,230	4,280
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,260	6,145	6,375
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,235	10,520	10,715
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	7,930	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,220	41,715	43,505
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,845	14,220	10,620
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,400	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	67,000	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,825	10,660	12,160
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	21,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,560	29,640	21,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.0	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.2	63.5	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.7	19.0	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,230	41,725	43,505
Without total income	2,215	1,110	1,105
With total income	83,015	40,615	42,400
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,470	2,825	3,645
$10,000 to $19,999	11,205	4,510	6,700
$20,000 to $29,999	13,870	5,890	7,980
$30,000 to $39,999	12,110	5,655	6,455
$40,000 to $49,999	10,545	5,190	5,355
$50,000 to $59,999	8,110	4,145	3,965
$60,000 to $69,999	5,880	3,240	2,640
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	2,390	1,735
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,770	1,090
$90,000 to $99,999	2,185	1,285	900
$100,000 and over	5,650	3,720	1,930
$100,000 to $149,999	4,125	2,620	1,505
$150,000 and over	1,525	1,100	430
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,230	41,725	43,505
Without after-tax income	2,175	1,080	1,095
With after-tax income	83,060	40,640	42,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,765	2,920	3,850
$10,000 to $19,999	11,630	4,710	6,915
$20,000 to $29,999	15,770	6,800	8,970
$30,000 to $39,999	14,325	6,975	7,355
$40,000 to $49,999	11,615	5,855	5,760
$50,000 to $59,999	8,230	4,460	3,770
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	2,980	2,205
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	1,945	1,375
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,375	1,025
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	840	435
$100,000 and over	2,545	1,775	765
$100,000 to $124,999	1,395	955	445
$125,000 and over	1,145	825	325
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,230	41,725	43,505
Without employment income	27,690	11,455	16,235
With employment income	57,540	30,270	27,270
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,890	5,135	4,755
$5,000 to $9,999	4,840	2,130	2,715
$10,000 to $19,999	7,260	3,250	4,015
$20,000 to $29,999	5,980	2,785	3,195
$30,000 to $39,999	6,075	2,975	3,105
$40,000 to $49,999	5,705	2,955	2,755
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	2,545	1,885
$60,000 to $69,999	3,360	2,050	1,310
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	1,550	945
$80,000 to $89,999	1,820	1,205	615
$90,000 to $99,999	1,795	985	805
$100,000 and over	3,890	2,700	1,185
$100,000 to $124,999	2,115	1,370	745
$125,000 and over	1,775	1,335	440
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,230	41,725	43,505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,155	40,190	41,965
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,175	40,195	41,975
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,995	36,065	35,935
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,395	30,570	27,825
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,005	35,355	37,645
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	4,040	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,245	3,530	3,720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,880	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,220	41,715	43,505
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,245	40,245	41,995
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	55,150	38,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,265	40,255	42,010
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520	45,440	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,870	36,045	35,820
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	53,600	34,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,425	30,660	27,765
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	46,600	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,180	35,380	37,795
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,210	8,140	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,525	3,655	3,875
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,680	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,220	41,715	43,505
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,620	14,115	10,505
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,050	67,900	54,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,970	10,355	11,615
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	26,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	34,440	25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	87.0	76.2
Employment income (%)	62.1	64.4	59.1
Government transfers (%)	17.5	13.0	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,030	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,360	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,670	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,025	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,350	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,680	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,030	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,955	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,750	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,035	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,035	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,040	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,885	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,065	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,230	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,390	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,360	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,030	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,260	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,010	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,355	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,285	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,365	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,610	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,690	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,690	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,670	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,325	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,770	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,335	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,910	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,820	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,050	7,735	8,315
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,745	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,370	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,960	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,765	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,050	7,745	8,305
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,840	44,600	41,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	38,240	36,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,765	50,250	51,515
0 to 17 years	20,080	10,355	9,725
0 to 5 years	6,205	3,225	2,980
18 to 64 years	58,665	28,995	29,670
65 years and over	23,015	10,900	12,120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,180	5,730	6,450
0 to 17 years	2,635	1,430	1,205
0 to 5 years	955	515	435
18 to 64 years	6,525	3,130	3,395
65 years and over	3,020	1,175	1,850
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.4	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.1	13.8	12.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.4	16.0	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.8	11.5
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.7	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,765	50,250	51,515
0 to 17 years	20,085	10,355	9,730
0 to 5 years	6,205	3,225	2,985
18 to 64 years	58,665	28,995	29,665
65 years and over	23,020	10,900	12,115
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,385	1,830	1,560
0 to 17 years	455	250	205
0 to 5 years	160	85	70
18 to 64 years	2,680	1,460	1,215
65 years and over	250	115	140
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515
In bottom half of the distribution	58,820	28,515	30,305
In bottom decile	10,150	4,945	5,210
In second decile	12,895	5,955	6,940
In third decile	12,860	6,270	6,585
In fourth decile	12,075	5,935	6,140
In fifth decile	10,835	5,410	5,420
In top half of the distribution	42,945	21,735	21,215
In sixth decile	10,120	5,100	5,020
In seventh decile	9,580	4,835	4,745
In eighth decile	9,210	4,660	4,555
In ninth decile	8,125	4,125	4,000
In top decile	5,915	3,015	2,895
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,980	50,875	52,105
English only	95,150	47,355	47,795
French only	45	15	25
English and French	7,140	3,190	3,945
Neither English nor French	650	315	335
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,980	50,875	52,105
English	100,340	49,630	50,710
French	1,915	905	1,015
English and French	105	50	60
Neither English nor French	620	300	320
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,980	50,875	52,105
Single responses	101,325	50,085	51,240
Official languages	93,060	46,050	47,010
English	90,895	45,010	45,885
French	2,165	1,040	1,120
Non-official languages	8,265	4,040	4,230
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15
Algonquian languages	25	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,240	4,025	4,220
Afro-Asiatic languages	255	140	115
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	250	140	115
Amharic	5	0	0
Arabic	210	120	85
Aramaic languages	20	10	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	5	0
Maltese	15	5	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	115	120
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	230	115	115
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	170	50	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	40	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	90	75
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	105	50	55
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	20	15	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,775	3,320	3,455
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	760	335	425
Baltic languages	10	5	10
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	750	335	420
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	100	45	50
Macedonian	10	5	5
Polish	385	170	215
Russian	50	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	25
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	35	25	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	55	15	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	70	25	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	3,770	1,825	1,945
Frisian	20	10	10
High German languages	1,645	810	840
German	1,635	805	830
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,065	990	1,080
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	825	385	435
Low German, n.o.s.	315	155	165
Low Saxon	25	10	10
Plautdietsch	815	405	410
Vlaams (Flemish)	95	35	60
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Greek	115	65	50
Indo-Iranian languages	720	380	340
Indo-Aryan languages	660	355	310
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	110	65	45
Hindi	65	35	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	5
Nepali	30	20	15
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	120	90
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0
Urdu	190	90	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,385	700	685
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	420	220	195
Portuguese	565	285	280
Romanian	75	25	50
Spanish	325	170	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	65	30	40
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10
American Sign Language	25	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	140	125
Chinese languages	255	135	120
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	135	80	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45
Lao	25	10	20
Thai	50	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	130	60	70
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10
Hungarian	120	55	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,655	790	865
English and French	585	270	320
English and non-official language(s)	955	470	490
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,980	50,875	52,105
English	94,020	46,540	47,475
French	280	125	150
Non-official language	2,100	1,065	1,035
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	2,095	1,065	1,035
English and French	1,425	635	790
English and non-official language(s)	4,895	2,385	2,510
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	75	85
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,980	50,875	52,105
Single responses	101,825	50,310	51,510
Official languages	98,125	48,460	49,665
English	97,700	48,270	49,430
French	425	190	235
Non-official languages	3,695	1,850	1,845
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,685	1,845	1,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	60
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	70	60
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	120	65	55
Aramaic languages	10	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	90	80
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	165	85	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	125	70	55
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	45	35
Tamil	30	20	10
Telugu	15	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,875	1,420	1,460
Albanian	15	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	100	125
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	220	100	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	155	75	85
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,470	735	740
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	745	365	375
German	740	365	375
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	365	360
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	20	20
Low German, n.o.s.	185	90	95
Low Saxon	10	5	0
Plautdietsch	485	245	235
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	615	300	315
Indo-Aryan languages	580	280	295
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	15	10
Gujarati	90	50	40
Hindi	40	15	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	20	15	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	125	140
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	125	60	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	15	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	515	255	255
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	95	40	55
Portuguese	245	115	130
Romanian	25	15	10
Spanish	155	90	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	45	25	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	50	30	20
American Sign Language	40	25	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	85	65
Chinese languages	140	75	65
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	40	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25
Lao	15	5	10
Thai	40	20	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,160	565	600
English and French	195	90	105
English and non-official language(s)	950	470	480
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,980	50,875	52,105
None	97,405	48,215	49,190
English	1,480	710	765
French	1,135	500	635
Non-official language	2,515	1,210	1,310
Indigenous³⁹	105	45	55
Non-Indigenous	2,415	1,160	1,250
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	65
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	195	110	90
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,765	50,250	51,515
Official languages	101,160	49,940	51,220
English	101,120	49,930	51,190
French	7,125	3,230	3,900
Non-official languages	10,475	5,185	5,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	80	75
Algonquian languages	150	80	75
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	65	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	130	65	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	130	65	60
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,335	5,110	5,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	400	215	175
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	400	215	175
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	360	195	165
Aramaic languages	15	0	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	180	115
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10
Vietnamese	280	175	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	65	160
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	20	0	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	15	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	65	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	70	35	35
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	220	130	90
Kannada	10	10	0
Malayalam	95	55	40
Tamil	115	60	50
Telugu	35	25	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,505	4,200	4,305
Albanian	30	10	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	925	415	505
Baltic languages	15	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	910	415	495
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	10
Czech	95	45	55
Macedonian	20	15	10
Polish	495	220	280
Russian	85	40	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	75	45	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Serbian	55	35	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	70	30	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	75	30	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	10	15
Irish	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	20	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	4,335	2,170	2,165
Frisian	45	15	30
High German languages	2,095	1,080	1,015
German	2,090	1,080	1,010
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,580	1,270	1,305
Afrikaans	20	15	10
Dutch	1,010	500	510
Low German, n.o.s.	450	235	215
Low Saxon	65	30	30
Plautdietsch	945	455	490
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	50	70
Scandinavian languages	40	25	15
Danish	25	20	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Greek	205	110	95
Indo-Iranian languages	980	505	475
Indo-Aryan languages	925	490	435
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	20	35
Gujarati	115	55	60
Hindi	435	235	200
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	15	10
Nepali	75	40	35
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	145
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0
Urdu	265	150	115
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	20	40
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	15	40
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	15	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,275	1,165	1,105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	510	250	260
Portuguese	810	400	405
Romanian	60	20	50
Spanish	1,015	555	460
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	20	20
Korean	95	50	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	25	20	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	150	75	75
American Sign Language	130	60	70
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	285	150	135
Chinese languages	285	150	135
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	175	100	80
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	70	60
Lao	60	25	35
Thai	75	50	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	30	70
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	95	30	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,245	2,110	2,130
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,105	2,050	2,050
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,330	1,145	1,185
Métis	1,755	890	865
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	25	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	35	65
Non-Indigenous identity	97,520	48,140	49,380
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,540	790	750
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,225	49,455	50,770
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,025	...	...
Owner	31,710	...	...
Renter	12,320	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,025	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...
Not condominium	42,730	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,025	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...
1 bedroom	4,005	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,270	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,235	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,025	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,295	...	...
5 rooms	6,350	...	...
6 rooms	7,200	...	...
7 rooms	7,310	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,870	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,025	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,685	...	...
More than one person per room	340	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,025	...	...
Suitable	42,505	...	...
Not suitable	1,530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,025	...	...
1960 or before	17,440	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,985	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,985	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,805	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,135	...	...
2006 to 2010	990	...	...
2011 to 2015	640	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,045	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,025	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,850	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,175	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,025	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,415	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,585	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,030	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,025	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,005	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,795	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,420	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,900	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,820	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,605	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,770	...	...
85 years and over	1,705	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,760	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,045	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,710	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,025	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,390	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,910	...	...
Not suitable only	1,180	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,305	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	650	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,285	...	...
In core need	3,025	...	...
Not in core need	39,260	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,585	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,048	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,270	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	894	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,765	50,250	51,515
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,735	840	890
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,720	835	885
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,375	640	730
Métis single ancestry	325	180	145
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,940	2,035	1,910
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,875	1,995	1,885
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,765	1,455	1,310
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,095	535	560
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,090	47,370	48,720
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,765	50,250	51,515
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,505	49,105	50,395
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,960	10,310	9,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,545	38,800	40,750
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,260	1,145	1,115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,765	50,250	51,515
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,995	45,545	46,445
Immigrants⁸¹	9,240	4,360	4,880
Before 1980	3,935	1,810	2,135
1980 to 1990	1,245	605	645
1991 to 2000	1,100	520	580
2001 to 2010	1,520	715	805
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,435	710	725
2011 to 2015	585	310	280
2016 to 2021	845	405	440
Non-permanent residents⁸³	530	345	185
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,240	4,360	4,880
Under 5 years	1,255	535	715
5 to 14 years	2,235	1,130	1,100
15 to 24 years	2,010	830	1,180
25 to 44 years	3,165	1,575	1,595
45 years and over	575	290	290
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,240	4,360	4,880
Americas	2,820	1,275	1,545
Brazil	40	10	25
Colombia	55	30	30
El Salvador	55	25	35
Guyana	40	25	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	200	110	90
Mexico	1,300	630	670
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	95	60	30
United States of America	865	310	550
Other places of birth in Americas	160	70	95
Europe	4,330	2,060	2,265
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0
Croatia	30	0	20
France	40	15	20
Germany	180	85	95
Greece	75	40	35
Hungary	85	35	55
Italy	285	140	145
Netherlands	885	485	405
Poland	325	140	180
Portugal	500	255	250
Romania	70	20	45
Russian Federation	35	10	25
Serbia⁸⁶	35	35	0
Ukraine	40	10	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,315	605	705
Other places of birth in Europe	425	175	250
Africa	270	150	125
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	20	10	0
Nigeria	60	25	35
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	15
Other places of birth in Africa	135	75	60
Asia	1,775	855	920
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	50	15	35
Iraq	20	0	15
Lebanon	95	60	35
Syria⁸⁹	90	35	50
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	155	75	85
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	35
Taiwan	10	0	0
Philippines	215	60	155
Viet Nam	200	105	95
Bangladesh	25	15	10
India	380	200	180
Pakistan	130	80	55
Sri Lanka	55	30	25
Other places of birth in Asia	250	120	130
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	20	25
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	845	405	445
Americas	315	160	155
Brazil	15	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	70	45	30
Mexico	115	60	50
United States of America	80	35	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	15
Europe	120	60	60
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	35
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20
Africa	40	25	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10
Asia	370	170	200
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	170	85	85
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	10	0
Philippines	15	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	85	35	45
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,765	50,250	51,515
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,630	5,090	5,540
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,575	7,695	7,880
Third generation or more¹⁰²	75,555	37,465	38,095
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,300	2,550	2,750
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,950	975	975
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	790	580	210
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,165	395	770
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,440	1,120	1,320
Refugees¹⁰⁸	845	415	425
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	35	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,300	2,550	2,750
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260	120	135
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	635	370	265
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	85	145
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	235	120	120
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	30	60
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,855	1,830	2,025
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,765	50,250	51,515
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,690	3,400	3,300
South Asian	1,315	685	630
Chinese	350	180	165
Black	2,600	1,350	1,250
Filipino	420	170	250
Arab	315	165	155
Latin American	485	235	255
Southeast Asian	475	245	235
West Asian	65	20	50
Korean	135	80	55
Japanese	105	55	55
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	95	85
Multiple visible minorities	240	130	115
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,070	46,855	48,220
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,765	50,250	51,515
Canadian	19,595	9,875	9,720
English	27,110	12,965	14,145
Irish	19,195	9,305	9,890
Scottish	18,470	8,760	9,710
French, n.o.s.¹²²	16,930	8,180	8,750
German	9,650	4,720	4,935
Chinese	455	230	225
Italian	2,650	1,285	1,365
Indian (India)	860	430	430
Ukrainian	1,920	890	1,030
Dutch	10,790	5,545	5,245
Polish	2,120	965	1,155
Québécois	150	60	95
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,015	1,475	1,535
Filipino	435	180	255
French Canadian	2,030	1,010	1,020
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,755	1,365	1,395
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,065	1,110	955
Métis	1,500	765	735
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,955	980	965
Russian	910	445	470
Norwegian	365	175	190
Welsh	1,970	865	1,105
Portuguese	1,495	785	710
American	1,100	515	585
Spanish	600	270	330
Swedish	355	160	185
Hungarian	1,305	595	710
Acadian	90	45	45
Pakistani	215	105	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	535	285	255
Jewish	125	50	75
Punjabi	65	35	25
Vietnamese	310	170	140
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	100	80
Greek	430	225	205
Jamaican	375	205	170
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	100	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45
Korean	125	65	55
Romanian	495	205	285
Lebanese	395	200	190
Iranian	60	25	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	460	225	230
Danish	475	265	215
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	940	475	465
Sikh	60	35	25
Austrian	230	100	130
Belgian	5,015	2,515	2,500
Haitian	10	0	0
Hindu	60	40	20
Mexican	1,425	735	690
Mennonite	1,540	835	705
Swiss	270	145	125
Finnish	175	65	110
Sri Lankan	75	40	30
Croatian	120	40	75
Japanese	160	85	75
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	35	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	85	115
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	35	0	25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	35	30
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	70	40	30
Colombian	45	25	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	1,245	565	680
Syrian	40	20	25
Guyanese	80	50	25
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	425	215	215
Serbian	220	100	115
Ojibway	335	135	205
Newfoundlander	125	45	80
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	860	440	420
Persian	30	10	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	70	50
Turkish	35	10	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20
Bangladeshi	30	15	20
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	30	10	20
Nigerian	95	55	35
Armenian	20	10	0
Slovak	430	200	230
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	75	45
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	30	10	20
Salvadorean	50	20	30
African Caribbean	50	25	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	30	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	35	25
Algonquin	70	25	45
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	15
Lithuanian	80	20	60
South African	50	25	25
Australian	50	25	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	15	25
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	35	35
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	15
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	35	20	20
Maltese	165	70	95
Macedonian	65	35	30
Slovenian	50	25	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	45	60
New Brunswicker	20	10	10
Gujarati	25	10	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	410	190	220
Israeli	15	0	10
Mohawk	150	70	80
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	465	215	255
Bulgarian	30	10	20
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	15	10	10
Barbadian	20	15	10
African American	340	195	145
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	115	65
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	10	30
Cuban	30	10	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	15	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	15	0	10
Guatemalan	10	0	0
Indonesian	55	30	25
Laotian	85	40	50
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	30	10	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	35	15	15
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	80	55	25
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	20	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	10	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	15	10	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	125	60	60
Abenaki	15	10	10
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30
New Zealander	15	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	140	60	75
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	20
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	0	15
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	25	10
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	10	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	25	0	20
Mauritian	20	20	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	40	20	25
Malayali	25	10	20
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	70	40	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	90	50	30
United Empire Loyalist	25	15	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	10	20
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	10	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	45	30	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	20	15	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,765	50,250	51,515
Buddhist	260	125	140
Christian	66,455	31,415	35,040
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,325	4,540	4,790
Anabaptist	1,225	620	605
Anglican	4,340	1,940	2,400
Baptist	2,840	1,350	1,495
Catholic	29,970	14,325	15,650
Christian Orthodox	470	245	230
Jehovah's Witness	515	240	275
Latter Day Saints	285	140	150
Lutheran	430	185	245
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	250	110	140
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,630	780	850
Presbyterian	2,080	1,025	1,055
Reformed	1,220	580	635
United Church	8,085	3,650	4,435
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,770	1,685	2,085
Hindu	420	230	190
Jewish	85	45	40
Muslim	840	460	380
Sikh	200	90	115
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	70	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	160	245
No religion and secular perspectives	32,985	17,665	15,325
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,710	49,670	51,040
Non-movers	91,950	45,280	46,670
Movers	8,760	4,390	4,375
Non-migrants	5,220	2,590	2,630
Migrants	3,540	1,800	1,740
Internal migrants	3,285	1,640	1,645
Intraprovincial migrants	3,040	1,495	1,545
Interprovincial migrants	245	145	100
External migrants	255	160	100
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,710	47,710	49,005
Non-movers	66,225	32,480	33,745
Movers	30,485	15,230	15,265
Non-migrants	18,005	8,910	9,100
Migrants	12,480	6,320	6,160
Internal migrants	11,345	5,705	5,640
Intraprovincial migrants	10,260	5,120	5,140
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	590	500
External migrants	1,140	610	525
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,220	41,715	43,505
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,965	10,925	9,035
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,255	30,790	34,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,975	24,945	26,030
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,025	4,705	3,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,950	20,240	22,710
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,225	41,720	43,505
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,250	9,860	8,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,480	13,870	13,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,490	17,990	21,500
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,455	13,440	15,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,500	4,195	1,295
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,420	1,565	855
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,075	2,635	440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,780	8,720	13,060
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,185	525	660
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,030	4,550	6,485
Bachelor's degree	8,245	3,230	5,015
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	375	445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	140	85
Master's degree	1,595	715	880
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	95	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,970	24,940	26,030
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,335	4,310	3,020
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,730	8,475	7,255
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,905	12,155	15,755
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,995	9,075	10,915
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,305	2,480	825
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	825	500
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,975	1,650	330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,915	6,250	9,670
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	775	345	425
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,915	3,080	4,835
Bachelor's degree	5,935	2,160	3,770
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	300	310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	85	65
Master's degree	1,115	475	645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	60	45
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,225	41,715	43,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,730	23,730	22,005
Education	2,240	600	1,645
13. Education	2,240	600	1,645
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	355	470
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	20
50. Visual and performing arts	730	280	445
Humanities	1,410	505	905
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60
23. English language and literature/letters	335	80	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	385	150	235
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	20	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	135	105
54. History	225	95	135
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,230	1,345	3,880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	160	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,195	225	1,960
22. Legal professions and studies	540	160	380
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	20	75
42. Psychology	880	235	650
45. Social sciences	1,150	540	610
Business, management and public administration	6,820	2,230	4,590
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	745	125	625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,045	2,100	3,945
Physical and life sciences and technologies	795	355	435
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	130	195
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	60	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20
40. Physical sciences	190	130	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	40	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,095	710	385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	585	250
25. Library science	80	0	80
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	120	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,245	7,785	455
04. Architecture and related services	145	110	35
14. Engineering	795	665	125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,940	1,735	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,730	1,700	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,140	2,125	20
48. Precision production	1,495	1,455	40
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,900	1,325	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,630	1,135	495
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	195	80
Health and related fields	7,640	1,220	6,420
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	320	260
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,985	840	6,145
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	55	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,280	1,550	1,730
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	265	1,315
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	1,140	760	380
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	505	30
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,975	24,940	26,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,065	12,785	10,280
Education	1,320	370	955
13. Education	1,320	370	955
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	215	350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	515	175	335
Humanities	925	310	610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	30
23. English language and literature/letters	205	40	165
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	105	175
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	15	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	60
54. History	155	55	105
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,990	930	3,060
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	130	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,735	180	1,560
22. Legal professions and studies	450	125	325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	55
42. Psychology	595	115	480
45. Social sciences	835	370	465
Business, management and public administration	4,995	1,505	3,495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	95	505
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,385	1,405	2,975
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	205	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	90	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	45	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20
40. Physical sciences	70	40	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	815	520	295
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	655	460	200
25. Library science	55	0	55
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	55	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,520	5,160	365
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	30
14. Engineering	550	455	100
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,350	1,190	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,150	1,125	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,320	1,300	20
48. Precision production	1,045	1,020	25
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,360	900	460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,150	745	405
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	155	55
Health and related fields	5,520	910	4,615
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	265	180
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,040	620	4,420
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,390	1,135	1,260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	165	930
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	905	610	295
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	355	30
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,975	24,940	26,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,065	12,785	10,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,910	12,155	15,755
Location of study inside Canada	26,115	11,320	14,800
Same as province or territory of residence	25,325	10,935	14,395
Different than province or territory of residence	795	385	405
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,795	840	955
Americas	740	390	345
United States of America	590	325	270
Mexico	30	15	15
Cuba	15	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	15	15
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20
Europe	370	160	210
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	10
Netherlands	35	20	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	70	15	60
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	25	10	15
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	60	80
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	10
Africa	105	50	50
Nigeria	40	15	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10
Other locations of study in Africa	30	20	10
Asia	540	220	315
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	25
Philippines	105	25	80
Viet Nam	15	10	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10
India	180	90	90
Pakistan	75	35	35
Other locations of study in Asia	25	20	0
Oceania	40	10	35
Australia	30	0	25
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,225	41,720	43,505
In the labour force	48,900	25,720	23,180
Employed	43,660	23,105	20,555
Unemployed	5,240	2,615	2,625
Not in the labour force	36,320	15,995	20,325
Participation rate	57.4	61.6	53.3
Employment rate	51.2	55.4	47.2
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.2	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,225	41,715	43,505
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,670	15,780	19,890
Worked	49,550	25,935	23,610
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,425	14,605	10,820
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,130	11,335	12,795
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,900	25,720	23,180
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750
Employee	41,300	20,980	20,320
Permanent position	35,865	18,315	17,555
Temporary position	5,430	2,665	2,765
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	660	765
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,000	2,000	1,995
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,640	4,210	2,430
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,900	25,720	23,180
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	285	200	90
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,230	1,630	4,600
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,465	1,930	535
3 Health occupations	4,160	545	3,615
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,900	1,365	3,535
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	650	305	345
6 Sales and service occupations	11,990	4,645	7,345
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,095	9,145	955
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,105	2,445	655
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,045	2,975	1,065
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,900	25,720	23,180
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430
All industries¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,595	2,460	1,135
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	160	20
22 Utilities	885	620	265
23 Construction	3,905	3,465	445
31-33 Manufacturing	6,245	4,785	1,455
41 Wholesale trade	1,570	1,050	515
44-45 Retail trade	5,940	2,790	3,155
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,265	1,660	605
51 Information and cultural industries	795	430	370
52 Finance and insurance	1,075	405	675
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	460	240	215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,655	865	790
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,120	1,055	1,060
61 Educational services	2,980	905	2,075
62 Health care and social assistance	6,645	805	5,840
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	685	360	325
72 Accommodation and food services	2,810	1,070	1,735
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,000	1,080	915
91 Public administration	2,105	965	1,140
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,145	27,815	25,325
English	51,755	27,185	24,565
French	200	70	130
Non-official language	160	105	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	105	50
English and French	545	175	365
English and non-official language(s)	460	270	195
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,145	27,815	25,325
Single responses	52,970	27,725	25,245
Official languages	52,720	27,560	25,160
English	52,405	27,470	24,935
French	315	85	225
Non-official languages	250	165	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	165	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	175	100	70
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	100	60	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	20	0
German	20	20	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	55	30	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	40	30	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0
Chinese languages	10	10	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	170	90	85
English and French	70	20	45
English and non-official language(s)	100	65	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,145	27,815	25,325
None	52,275	27,445	24,825
English	185	70	120
French	360	135	225
Non-official language	260	125	135
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous	245	120	120
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,655	23,105	20,550
Worked at home	7,075	3,405	3,675
Worked outside Canada	120	65	55
No fixed workplace address	4,895	3,640	1,260
Usual place of work	31,565	16,000	15,565
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,565	16,000	15,565
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,790	12,605	13,185
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	0	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,705	3,370	2,335
Commute to a different province or territory	30	20	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,460	19,640	16,820
Car, truck or van	33,910	18,400	15,505
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,145	16,955	14,195
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,760	1,450	1,315
Public transit	160	60	100
Walked	1,545	760	785
Bicycle	290	190	105
Other method	560	230	330
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,460	19,640	16,820
Less than 15 minutes	17,780	8,710	9,065
15 to 29 minutes	9,735	5,300	4,435
30 to 44 minutes	5,270	3,085	2,185
45 to 59 minutes	1,795	1,180	615
60 minutes and over	1,885	1,355	520
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,460	19,640	16,820
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,030	2,060	970
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,665	5,080	2,585
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,625	5,350	4,280
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,705	2,680	4,020
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,295	1,205	2,090
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,140	3,265	2,875
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,485	10,580	9,900
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,510	1,280	1,230
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,975	9,305	8,670
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,055	7,765	7,295
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,865	935	930
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,370	680	690
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	255	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,195	6,830	6,365

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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