Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Strathroy-Caradoc, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,871	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,867	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,695	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,453	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	88.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	270.86	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,870	11,685	12,185
0 to 14 years	4,005	2,040	1,965
0 to 4 years	1,290	680	610
5 to 9 years	1,385	670	720
10 to 14 years	1,325	690	635
15 to 64 years	14,730	7,325	7,400
15 to 19 years	1,315	665	650
20 to 24 years	1,230	675	550
25 to 29 years	1,435	730	705
30 to 34 years	1,485	760	730
35 to 39 years	1,470	705	765
40 to 44 years	1,355	680	680
45 to 49 years	1,410	690	720
50 to 54 years	1,510	715	790
55 to 59 years	1,745	865	875
60 to 64 years	1,780	845	930
65 years and over	5,135	2,315	2,820
65 to 69 years	1,480	705	775
70 to 74 years	1,350	635	720
75 to 79 years	980	445	535
80 to 84 years	660	285	375
85 years and over	665	250	415
85 to 89 years	400	160	240
90 to 94 years	210	75	140
95 to 99 years	50	20	35
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	61.7	62.7	60.7
65 years and over	21.5	19.8	23.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.4
Average age of the population	43.0	41.8	44.1
Median age of the population	43.6	42.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,455	...	...
Single-detached house	6,865	...	...
Semi-detached house	650	...	...
Row house	370	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	190	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,450	...	...
1 person	2,235	...	...
2 persons	3,605	...	...
3 persons	1,485	...	...
4 persons	1,355	...	...
5 or more persons	775	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,550	11,575	11,975
Average household size	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,865	9,640	10,220
Married or living common-law	12,400	6,200	6,205
Married	10,340	5,175	5,160
Living common-law	2,065	1,025	1,040
Living common law - Never married	1,365	680	685
Living common law - Separated	165	85	85
Living common law - Divorced	470	240	235
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	35
Not married and not living common-law	7,465	3,445	4,020
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,485	2,520	1,965
Not married and not living common law - Separated	615	250	365
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,000	405	595
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,365	270	1,090
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,125	...	...
2 persons	3,775	...	...
3 persons	1,465	...	...
4 persons	1,290	...	...
5 or more persons	600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,125	...	...
Total couple families	6,110	...	...
Married couples	5,080	...	...
With children⁶	2,510	...	...
Without children	2,570	...	...
Common-law couples	1,030	...	...
With children⁶	410	...	...
Without children	620	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,015	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	780	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	230	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,550	11,575	11,975
Total - Persons in census families	20,305	10,100	10,205
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,230	6,105	6,125
Parents in one-parent families	1,010	230	780
Children⁶	7,070	3,765	3,300
In a two-parent family	5,460	2,880	2,585
In a one-parent family	1,605	885	715
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,240	1,475	1,765
Living alone	2,235	955	1,285
Living with other relatives⁷	480	210	265
Living with non-relatives only	530	315	215
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,455	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,435	...	...
Couple-family households	5,640	...	...
With children⁶	2,700	...	...
Without children	2,935	...	...
One-parent-family households	795	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	235	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	235	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	265	...	...
One-person households	2,235	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,550	9,535	10,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,050	9,285	9,765
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,060	9,290	9,765
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,335	8,600	8,735
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,930	7,250	6,680
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,800	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,180	8,215	8,970
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	7,000	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,810	825	985
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,200	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,555	2,160	2,395
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,550	9,535	10,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,015	9,290	9,725
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160	59,050	43,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,020	9,295	9,725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,400	49,200	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,345	8,580	8,765
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,050	36,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,935	7,285	6,650
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	53,550	38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,225	8,290	8,940
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,570	9,230	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,770	805	960
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,120	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,460	2,150	2,310
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,910	7,480	8,310
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,555	9,540	10,015
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,930	4,015	2,920
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	66,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,400	74,100	60,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,235	2,325	2,910
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	22,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,280	33,240	22,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.2	86.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	71.2	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.7	14.0	24.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.4	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.9	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,550	9,535	10,015
Without total income	500	250	250
With total income	19,045	9,285	9,765
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,250	515	735
$10,000 to $19,999	2,300	895	1,410
$20,000 to $29,999	2,945	1,230	1,715
$30,000 to $39,999	2,350	995	1,355
$40,000 to $49,999	2,305	1,010	1,295
$50,000 to $59,999	1,995	1,005	995
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	880	740
$70,000 to $79,999	1,135	670	465
$80,000 to $89,999	855	565	290
$90,000 to $99,999	615	390	230
$100,000 and over	1,665	1,125	540
$100,000 to $149,999	1,260	825	435
$150,000 and over	405	300	110
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,550	9,535	10,015
Without after-tax income	490	245	250
With after-tax income	19,060	9,295	9,770
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,335	545	790
$10,000 to $19,999	2,395	935	1,455
$20,000 to $29,999	3,315	1,395	1,920
$30,000 to $39,999	2,935	1,270	1,660
$40,000 to $49,999	2,685	1,290	1,390
$50,000 to $59,999	2,200	1,215	985
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	860	590
$70,000 to $79,999	955	600	355
$80,000 to $89,999	700	400	300
$90,000 to $99,999	420	290	125
$100,000 and over	680	490	185
$100,000 to $124,999	395	285	115
$125,000 and over	285	210	75
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,550	9,535	10,015
Without employment income	5,620	2,290	3,335
With employment income	13,935	7,250	6,685
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,875	960	915
$5,000 to $9,999	1,005	400	605
$10,000 to $19,999	1,625	710	910
$20,000 to $29,999	1,265	535	730
$30,000 to $39,999	1,240	550	690
$40,000 to $49,999	1,505	710	800
$50,000 to $59,999	1,240	670	565
$60,000 to $69,999	1,020	605	415
$70,000 to $79,999	760	490	270
$80,000 to $89,999	625	425	195
$90,000 to $99,999	515	325	195
$100,000 and over	1,260	870	390
$100,000 to $124,999	720	460	260
$125,000 and over	540	405	135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,550	9,535	10,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,785	9,145	9,640
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,795	9,145	9,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,200	8,505	8,695
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,010	7,255	6,755
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,310	7,790	8,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	1,460	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,515	665	845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,360	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,550	9,535	10,015
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,750	9,160	9,590
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,600	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,765	9,160	9,605
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	47,280	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,165	8,470	8,695
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,480	54,750	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,975	7,270	6,705
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	53,800	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,295	7,775	8,520
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,050	9,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,410	605	810
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,900	5,280	8,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,555	9,540	10,015
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,865	3,960	2,910
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	65,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,900	71,600	55,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,970	2,240	2,735
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	30,000	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	38,960	26,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	80.0
Employment income (%)	70.6	75.4	64.4
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.6	20.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,450	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,235	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,220	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,455	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,225	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,230	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,450	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	125	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	305	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	340	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	365	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	350	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	690	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	630	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	605	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,090	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,065	...	...
$200,000 and over	745	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,450	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	135	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	320	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	395	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	390	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	395	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	415	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	800	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	785	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	740	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	735	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	700	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,310	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	835	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,045	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,045	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,970	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,960	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	930	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,765	1,270	1,500
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,800	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,030	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,960	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,990	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	900	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,790	1,320	1,470
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	49,800	44,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,760	42,520	39,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,550	11,580	11,970
0 to 17 years	4,765	2,435	2,340
0 to 5 years	1,555	800	750
18 to 64 years	13,905	6,905	6,995
65 years and over	4,880	2,240	2,640
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,730	750	985
0 to 17 years	320	160	165
0 to 5 years	120	60	55
18 to 64 years	830	395	435
65 years and over	585	200	385
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	6.5	8.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.5	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.6	7.4	7.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.7	6.2
65 years and over (%)	12.0	8.8	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,550	11,575	11,975
0 to 17 years	4,765	2,430	2,335
0 to 5 years	1,550	805	750
18 to 64 years	13,900	6,905	7,000
65 years and over	4,880	2,240	2,640
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	455	230	225
0 to 17 years	75	35	45
0 to 5 years	25	10	15
18 to 64 years	325	175	150
65 years and over	55	25	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.9	2.0	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.2
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,550	11,580	11,970
In bottom half of the distribution	10,815	5,110	5,705
In bottom decile	1,415	665	755
In second decile	2,165	950	1,215
In third decile	2,310	1,100	1,210
In fourth decile	2,315	1,135	1,180
In fifth decile	2,615	1,265	1,345
In top half of the distribution	12,730	6,465	6,270
In sixth decile	2,875	1,460	1,420
In seventh decile	2,735	1,365	1,370
In eighth decile	2,745	1,400	1,350
In ninth decile	2,600	1,325	1,280
In top decile	1,780	925	860
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,550	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.281	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,570	11,585	11,980
English only	22,420	11,110	11,305
French only	10	0	5
English and French	975	400	580
Neither English nor French	165	75	95
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,570	11,585	11,980
English	23,220	11,420	11,800
French	160	90	70
English and French	30	10	20
Neither English nor French	155	65	95
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,570	11,585	11,980
Single responses	23,205	11,415	11,795
Official languages	20,875	10,320	10,550
English	20,705	10,230	10,475
French	170	95	80
Non-official languages	2,330	1,085	1,245
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,320	1,085	1,240
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	20
Tamil	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,080	960	1,120
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	105	125
Baltic languages	15	5	5
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	220	100	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	85	40	40
Russian	15	10	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	30	15	20
Serbian	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	50	15	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	710	315	390
Frisian	15	5	5
High German languages	130	60	70
German	125	60	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	565	250	310
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	525	235	290
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	45
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	5	0	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	30	15	15
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	485	550
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	15	25
Portuguese	865	410	455
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	110	50	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10
Chinese languages	25	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	35	40
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	0	0	5
Hungarian	70	35	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	360	175	185
English and French	60	30	30
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	140
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,570	11,585	11,980
English	21,665	10,695	10,975
French	15	5	10
Non-official language	460	205	250
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	455	205	250
English and French	120	50	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,275	615	660
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,570	11,585	11,980
Single responses	23,380	11,510	11,875
Official languages	22,595	11,135	11,460
English	22,570	11,120	11,450
French	25	15	10
Non-official languages	785	370	410
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	780	370	415
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	15	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	15	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	650	290	355
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	30	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	0	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	10
Dari	25	10	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	485	210	270
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	420	180	240
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	55	25	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	15	5
American Sign Language	15	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	5
Chinese languages	10	10	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	190	80	105
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	175	75	100
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,570	11,585	11,980
None	22,315	10,985	11,330
English	315	155	155
French	105	45	60
Non-official language	770	370	400
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	765	365	400
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,545	11,580	11,975
Official languages	23,435	11,525	11,910
English	23,425	11,525	11,905
French	950	390	560
Non-official languages	2,885	1,355	1,530
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	15	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,875	1,345	1,530
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	35	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70	55	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	55	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	15	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,475	1,090	1,385
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	140	155
Baltic languages	20	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
Slavic languages	280	135	140
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	100	35	55
Russian	70	25	45
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	45	20
Bosnian	30	20	10
Croatian	40	25	15
Serbian	30	20	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	25	10	15
Irish	20	10	15
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	830	340	490
Frisian	25	10	10
High German languages	160	80	80
German	160	80	80
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	655	250	405
Afrikaans	10	10	0
Dutch	600	235	370
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	15	30
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Greek	30	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45
Indo-Aryan languages	60	30	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	45	25	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,250	565	685
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	30	20	10
Portuguese	1,030	485	540
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	200	75	130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	45	20
American Sign Language	50	35	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	55	10
Chinese languages	70	55	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	60	45	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	120	60	60
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	0
Hungarian	100	50	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,550	11,575	11,970
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	740	365	375
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	685	345	340
First Nations (North American Indian)	510	280	240
Métis	175	70	100
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25
Non-Indigenous identity	22,810	11,210	11,600
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,550	11,575	11,970
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	350	170	175
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,200	11,405	11,795
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,450	...	...
Owner	7,385	...	...
Renter	2,065	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,450	...	...
Condominium	545	...	...
Not condominium	8,910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,450	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...
1 bedroom	730	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,010	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,870	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,825	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,450	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,495	...	...
5 rooms	1,115	...	...
6 rooms	1,425	...	...
7 rooms	1,460	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,965	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,450	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,410	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,450	...	...
Suitable	9,195	...	...
Not suitable	260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,450	...	...
1960 or before	2,155	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,350	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,160	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,290	...	...
2001 to 2005	465	...	...
2006 to 2010	460	...	...
2011 to 2015	440	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,450	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,085	...	...
Major repairs needed	370	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,450	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,225	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,990	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	240	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,450	...	...
15 to 24 years	145	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,135	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,480	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,620	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,940	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,615	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,130	...	...
85 years and over	385	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,300	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,005	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,295	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,450	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,205	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...
Major repairs needed only	270	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,220	...	...
In core need	625	...	...
Not in core need	8,600	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,250	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,271	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	531,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,065	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,124	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,550	11,575	11,970
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	220	115	110
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	220	115	110
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	210	115	95
Métis single ancestry	10	0	10
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	740	350	385
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	715	340	375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	530	260	265
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	75	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,595	11,115	11,475
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,545	11,575	11,975
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,060	11,295	11,770
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,730	2,370	2,365
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,330	8,920	9,405
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	490	285	200
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,545	11,575	11,975
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	20,815	10,240	10,575
Immigrants⁸¹	2,635	1,250	1,390
Before 1980	1,680	810	870
1980 to 1990	360	145	215
1991 to 2000	195	95	105
2001 to 2010	165	85	80
2011 to 2021⁸²	240	115	125
2011 to 2015	70	30	40
2016 to 2021	170	85	85
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	90	15
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,635	1,250	1,385
Under 5 years	335	150	180
5 to 14 years	795	380	415
15 to 24 years	720	330	395
25 to 44 years	730	365	370
45 years and over	60	30	30
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,635	1,250	1,385
Americas	305	115	190
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	20	10	10
El Salvador	15	10	10
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	25	20
Mexico	30	10	30
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	10
United States of America	95	35	60
Other places of birth in Americas	55	20	30
Europe	2,065	975	1,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	10
Croatia	15	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	70	30	40
Greece	20	15	10
Hungary	55	25	30
Italy	15	10	0
Netherlands	560	270	295
Poland	65	25	45
Portugal	680	315	360
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	20	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	180	195
Other places of birth in Europe	145	70	75
Africa	50	40	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	20	10
Asia	210	115	95
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	15	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	75	45	30
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	25	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	85	80
Americas	40	15	25
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	50	30	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	75	35	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	50	25	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,550	11,575	11,970
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,880	1,410	1,470
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,320	2,200	2,125
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,345	7,970	8,375
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	955	435	520
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	550	250	290
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	175	125	55
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	370	130	240
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	275	125	145
Refugees¹⁰⁸	135	60	75
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	955	435	520
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	130	60	75
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	20	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	65	30	30
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	715	315	400
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,550	11,575	11,970
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	700	400	300
South Asian	145	75	70
Chinese	50	35	15
Black	155	110	45
Filipino	75	60	15
Arab	55	30	20
Latin American	110	40	75
Southeast Asian	20	10	0
West Asian	35	15	25
Korean	15	10	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	10	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	22,850	11,175	11,675
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,545	11,575	11,975
Canadian	4,230	2,090	2,140
English	7,085	3,415	3,665
Irish	4,795	2,320	2,475
Scottish	5,445	2,720	2,730
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,720	845	880
German	2,775	1,335	1,440
Chinese	60	30	25
Italian	740	365	375
Indian (India)	90	45	45
Ukrainian	430	225	205
Dutch	3,930	1,960	1,975
Polish	570	295	280
Québécois	10	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	885	420	465
Filipino	25	15	10
French Canadian	330	150	180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	400	180	220
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	435	210	220
Métis	215	85	135
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	300	145	150
Russian	165	70	100
Norwegian	125	55	70
Welsh	440	175	265
Portuguese	1,755	860	900
American	275	110	170
Spanish	60	30	30
Swedish	80	35	50
Hungarian	510	245	265
Acadian	45	25	20
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	25	20
Jewish	20	15	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	85	40	40
Jamaican	75	55	20
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	35	20	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	40	0
Korean	20	10	10
Romanian	60	20	40
Lebanese	20	0	15
Iranian	20	10	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	65	30
Danish	85	35	50
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	35	60
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	105	55	50
Belgian	615	310	305
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	45	25	20
Mennonite	60	10	45
Swiss	95	70	30
Finnish	100	45	60
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	105	70	35
Japanese	10	0	10
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	25	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	20	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	0	30
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	10	0
Colombian	15	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	60	40	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	10	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0
Serbian	85	50	40
Ojibway	45	30	10
Newfoundlander	45	35	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	130	70	60
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	15
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	15	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	135	65	70
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	25	0	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	25	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	30	20	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0
Lithuanian	70	30	35
South African	0	0	0
Australian	45	25	15
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	120	35	85
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	45	30	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	20	30
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	20	15	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	50	25	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	40	25	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	20	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	45	25
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	25
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	15	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	40	25	15
United Empire Loyalist	45	25	25
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,550	11,575	11,970
Buddhist	10	0	0
Christian	14,625	6,805	7,825
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,790	830	960
Anabaptist	50	10	30
Anglican	1,280	610	670
Baptist	840	430	410
Catholic	5,710	2,680	3,025
Christian Orthodox	110	55	60
Jehovah's Witness	150	65	85
Latter Day Saints	20	10	10
Lutheran	175	70	105
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	10	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	255	125	130
Presbyterian	640	260	380
Reformed	615	290	325
United Church	2,470	1,110	1,360
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	500	250	250
Hindu	50	25	20
Jewish	20	15	0
Muslim	75	40	35
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	105	45	60
No religion and secular perspectives	8,635	4,615	4,015
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,265	11,405	11,865
Non-movers	20,900	10,275	10,625
Movers	2,370	1,135	1,235
Non-migrants	820	360	455
Migrants	1,550	770	780
Internal migrants	1,510	750	760
Intraprovincial migrants	1,430	705	725
Interprovincial migrants	75	45	30
External migrants	45	20	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,300	10,900	11,400
Non-movers	13,745	6,770	6,975
Movers	8,555	4,130	4,420
Non-migrants	2,720	1,255	1,465
Migrants	5,830	2,870	2,955
Internal migrants	5,615	2,780	2,835
Intraprovincial migrants	5,365	2,625	2,740
Interprovincial migrants	250	155	95
External migrants	220	100	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,550	9,540	10,015
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,020	2,125	1,890
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,535	7,410	8,120
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,110	6,030	6,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,375	845	535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,735	5,190	5,540
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,550	9,535	10,015
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,595	1,885	1,715
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,905	3,065	2,840
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,050	4,585	5,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,020	3,355	3,665
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,495	1,060	435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	660	410	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	835	650	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,225	2,190	3,040
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	295	105	190
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,030	1,230	1,800
Bachelor's degree	2,135	800	1,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	65	145
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	45	35
Master's degree	495	240	255
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	80	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,105	6,030	6,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,185	735	455
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,375	1,890	1,485
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,550	3,415	4,140
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,165	2,530	2,630
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,045	790	250
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	455	305	150
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595	490	100
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,920	1,670	2,250
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	195	65	130
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,390	880	1,505
Bachelor's degree	1,715	605	1,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	160	50	110
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	20	30
Master's degree	395	160	230
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	50	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,550	9,535	10,015
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,500	4,950	4,550
Education	555	100	465
13. Education	555	100	465
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	75	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	185	60	120
Humanities	410	180	230
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	80	25	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	30	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	20
54. History	85	50	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,210	325	885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	25	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	310	10	300
22. Legal professions and studies	170	30	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25
42. Psychology	190	40	155
45. Social sciences	415	200	210
Business, management and public administration	1,660	570	1,095
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	180	20	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,480	550	930
Physical and life sciences and technologies	215	100	115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	45	50
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25	40
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	255	190	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	185	155	30
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,240	2,105	135
04. Architecture and related services	70	60	10
14. Engineering	230	185	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	585	545	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	515	505	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	535	530	10
48. Precision production	300	285	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	465	315	150
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	370	255	115
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	60	35
Health and related fields	1,950	240	1,710
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	55	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,750	170	1,580
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	865	380	495
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	90	395
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	270	180	90
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	105	0
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,110	6,030	6,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,555	2,620	1,935
Education	340	65	270
13. Education	340	65	270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	60	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	145	45	95
Humanities	295	110	185
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	65	10	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	10
54. History	60	30	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,005	245	765
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	15	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	10	255
22. Legal professions and studies	140	20	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25
42. Psychology	145	30	110
45. Social sciences	355	155	200
Business, management and public administration	1,305	455	850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	25	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,140	435	710
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	75	100
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	35	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	20	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	15	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	160	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	145	25
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,675	1,580	95
04. Architecture and related services	50	45	10
14. Engineering	165	140	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	445	415	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	390	390	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	375	370	0
48. Precision production	240	225	20
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	205	115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	155	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	30
Health and related fields	1,405	175	1,230
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	35	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,265	130	1,135
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	640	275	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	340	55	280
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	210	135	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	90	0
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,110	6,030	6,075
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,555	2,620	1,935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,550	3,410	4,140
Location of study inside Canada	7,095	3,170	3,925
Same as province or territory of residence	6,830	3,035	3,795
Different than province or territory of residence	265	135	130
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	455	240	215
Americas	175	90	80
United States of America	140	85	55
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	10
Europe	140	70	70
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	15	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	20	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	10	15
Africa	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	95	60	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	20	15	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	40	30	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	0
Oceania	40	15	20
Australia	40	15	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,550	9,535	10,015
In the labour force	12,365	6,600	5,765
Employed	11,270	6,065	5,210
Unemployed	1,095	535	555
Not in the labour force	7,185	2,935	4,250
Participation rate	63.2	69.2	57.6
Employment rate	57.6	63.6	52.0
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.1	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,550	9,535	10,015
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,040	2,985	4,055
Worked	12,510	6,555	5,960
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,090	4,115	2,975
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,420	2,440	2,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.8	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,370	6,600	5,765
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	120	80
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,165	6,485	5,685
Employee	10,610	5,570	5,045
Permanent position	9,320	4,895	4,430
Temporary position	1,290	670	620
Fixed term (1 year or more)	370	170	200
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	915	500	420
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,550	915	635
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,370	6,600	5,765
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	120	80
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,165	6,485	5,685
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	95	65	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,710	530	1,180
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	730	580	155
3 Health occupations	1,090	140	955
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,255	400	855
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	215	70	145
6 Sales and service occupations	2,905	1,165	1,735
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,605	2,415	195
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	590	460	135
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	960	665	295
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,370	6,600	5,765
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	120	80
All industries¹⁹¹	12,165	6,485	5,685
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	635	455	175
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	15	0
22 Utilities	100	95	0
23 Construction	1,230	1,135	95
31-33 Manufacturing	1,655	1,250	405
41 Wholesale trade	420	300	120
44-45 Retail trade	1,510	605	900
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	460	320	140
51 Information and cultural industries	95	45	55
52 Finance and insurance	430	195	230
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	175	95	75
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	575	260	320
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	540	305	235
61 Educational services	780	240	535
62 Health care and social assistance	1,740	235	1,505
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	150	60	90
72 Accommodation and food services	580	295	280
81 Other services (except public administration)	585	275	310
91 Public administration	480	290	195
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,200	6,900	6,300
English	12,925	6,760	6,165
French	15	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	110	50	60
English and non-official language(s)	145	80	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,200	6,900	6,300
Single responses	13,165	6,880	6,285
Official languages	13,145	6,865	6,280
English	13,115	6,860	6,255
French	35	0	30
Non-official languages	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	15
English and French	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,200	6,900	6,300
None	12,980	6,790	6,185
English	35	10	25
French	70	35	35
Non-official language	115	65	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	110	65	55
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,270	6,060	5,210
Worked at home	2,045	900	1,140
Worked outside Canada	15	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,515	1,190	325
Usual place of work	7,700	3,965	3,735
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,700	3,970	3,735
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,995	1,895	2,100
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,910	1,545	1,365
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	780	510	260
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,215	5,155	4,065
Car, truck or van	8,635	4,820	3,820
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,985	4,535	3,450
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	655	285	370
Public transit	10	10	10
Walked	385	205	175
Bicycle	60	55	10
Other method	120	70	50
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,215	5,155	4,065
Less than 15 minutes	4,095	2,060	2,035
15 to 29 minutes	2,150	1,250	895
30 to 44 minutes	2,025	1,165	860
45 to 59 minutes	530	335	200
60 minutes and over	415	340	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,215	5,155	4,065
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	625	435	190
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,100	1,395	700
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,410	1,400	1,010
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,660	730	930
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	915	370	535
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,505	815	695
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,840	2,465	2,380
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	260	120	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,585	2,345	2,240
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,450	1,735	1,715
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	180	80	105
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	45	70
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	30	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,270	1,660	1,615

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table