Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Saugeen Shores, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	15,908	...	...
Population, 2016¹	13,715	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	16.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,548	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,905	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	93.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	170.19	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	15,905	7,715	8,190
0 to 14 years	2,535	1,295	1,240
0 to 4 years	855	435	420
5 to 9 years	920	470	450
10 to 14 years	755	395	365
15 to 64 years	9,220	4,475	4,740
15 to 19 years	630	325	305
20 to 24 years	590	305	280
25 to 29 years	850	430	420
30 to 34 years	1,160	560	600
35 to 39 years	1,080	555	525
40 to 44 years	875	440	430
45 to 49 years	720	345	375
50 to 54 years	810	385	420
55 to 59 years	1,110	490	620
60 to 64 years	1,400	640	765
65 years and over	4,155	1,950	2,210
65 to 69 years	1,400	675	725
70 to 74 years	1,140	545	590
75 to 79 years	760	355	410
80 to 84 years	430	205	220
85 years and over	425	165	265
85 to 89 years	280	105	175
90 to 94 years	115	50	60
95 to 99 years	35	5	25
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.8	15.1
15 to 64 years	58.0	58.0	57.9
65 years and over	26.1	25.3	27.0
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.2
Average age of the population	45.2	44.1	46.2
Median age of the population	46.8	44.0	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,905	...	...
Single-detached house	5,170	...	...
Semi-detached house	340	...	...
Row house	460	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	60	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	810	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	55	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,905	...	...
1 person	2,005	...	...
2 persons	2,825	...	...
3 persons	855	...	...
4 persons	830	...	...
5 or more persons	385	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,645	7,615	8,030
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,375	6,420	6,950
Married or living common-law	8,785	4,380	4,400
Married	7,380	3,695	3,690
Living common-law	1,400	685	715
Living common law - Never married	890	440	450
Living common law - Separated	85	45	40
Living common law - Divorced	350	165	185
Living common law - Widowed	80	35	40
Not married and not living common-law	4,595	2,045	2,550
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,640	1,460	1,180
Not married and not living common law - Separated	320	125	195
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	760	280	480
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	865	170	695
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,835	...	...
2 persons	2,900	...	...
3 persons	820	...	...
4 persons	810	...	...
5 or more persons	305	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,830	...	...
Total couple families	4,300	...	...
Married couples	3,600	...	...
With children⁶	1,495	...	...
Without children	2,100	...	...
Common-law couples	700	...	...
With children⁶	235	...	...
Without children	465	...	...
Total one-parent families	530	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	405	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	130	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,645	7,615	8,025
Total - Persons in census families	13,095	6,495	6,600
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,600	4,280	4,320
Parents in one-parent families	530	125	405
Children⁶	3,965	2,085	1,880
In a two-parent family	3,165	1,655	1,515
In a one-parent family	795	435	360
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,550	1,120	1,430
Living alone	2,005	835	1,170
Living with other relatives⁷	220	90	130
Living with non-relatives only	320	195	125
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,905	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,505	...	...
Couple-family households	4,050	...	...
With children⁶	1,625	...	...
Without children	2,425	...	...
One-parent-family households	460	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	110	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	145	...	...
One-person households	2,005	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	13,110	6,315	6,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,850	6,205	6,645
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	70,500	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,860	6,210	6,650
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	60,000	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,925	5,900	6,025
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	64,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,155	4,975	4,175
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	47,600	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,500	5,480	6,025
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,400	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,020	440	575
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,480	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,610	1,105	1,500
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	13,110	6,320	6,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,895	6,215	6,685
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,400	95,800	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,900	6,215	6,685
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,700	72,600	39,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,950	5,930	6,020
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,000	91,300	43,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,155	5,105	4,045
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,100	80,600	45,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,495	5,455	6,040
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,860	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	945	445	495
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,960	5,620	10,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,650	1,175	1,480
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,040	7,600	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	13,110	6,315	6,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,015	2,385	1,625
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	95,000	127,000	68,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	116,400	141,200	79,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,495	1,605	1,890
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	20,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,920	38,800	26,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	91.0	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	69.2	56.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.1	9.0	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.4	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.7	1.7	4.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.3	1.5	3.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	13,115	6,320	6,790
Without total income	260	115	145
With total income	12,850	6,205	6,645
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,005	280	720
$10,000 to $19,999	1,440	465	975
$20,000 to $29,999	1,600	560	1,040
$30,000 to $39,999	1,395	505	895
$40,000 to $49,999	1,165	495	670
$50,000 to $59,999	955	395	555
$60,000 to $69,999	790	380	410
$70,000 to $79,999	715	405	305
$80,000 to $89,999	525	320	210
$90,000 to $99,999	465	295	165
$100,000 and over	2,795	2,090	705
$100,000 to $149,999	1,395	935	465
$150,000 and over	1,400	1,160	240
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	13,115	6,320	6,790
Without after-tax income	255	110	140
With after-tax income	12,855	6,205	6,655
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,175	295	880
$10,000 to $19,999	1,485	485	1,000
$20,000 to $29,999	1,815	660	1,160
$30,000 to $39,999	1,575	625	945
$40,000 to $49,999	1,280	515	765
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	525	575
$60,000 to $69,999	810	450	355
$70,000 to $79,999	690	455	240
$80,000 to $89,999	555	340	210
$90,000 to $99,999	425	280	145
$100,000 and over	1,950	1,565	385
$100,000 to $124,999	965	740	225
$125,000 and over	985	825	155
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	13,115	6,320	6,790
Without employment income	3,955	1,345	2,615
With employment income	9,155	4,980	4,180
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,050	1,185	865
$5,000 to $9,999	625	225	405
$10,000 to $19,999	950	365	580
$20,000 to $29,999	640	265	375
$30,000 to $39,999	640	290	350
$40,000 to $49,999	505	215	290
$50,000 to $59,999	425	200	225
$60,000 to $69,999	365	190	180
$70,000 to $79,999	295	150	140
$80,000 to $89,999	235	130	105
$90,000 to $99,999	275	140	140
$100,000 and over	2,150	1,625	525
$100,000 to $124,999	495	285	210
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,340	315
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	13,110	6,315	6,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,705	6,135	6,570
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	68,500	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,725	6,135	6,590
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	58,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,850	5,870	5,980
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	63,600	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,245	4,995	4,255
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	48,000	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,015	5,325	5,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	1,820	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	930	440	490
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	4,480	6,650
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	13,110	6,320	6,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,810	6,170	6,640
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,700	92,100	46,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,820	6,170	6,650
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,200	69,600	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,960	5,900	6,060
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,300	89,800	43,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,365	5,125	4,240
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,700	78,100	44,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,045	5,375	5,660
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,890	7,180	8,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	915	440	475
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	6,000	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	13,110	6,315	6,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,980	2,360	1,615
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000	116,000	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	108,400	132,000	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,325	1,530	1,795
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	27,200	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,840	45,480	29,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.2	84.4
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.4	59.9
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.8	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,905	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,005	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,900	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,905	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,000	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,905	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	158,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,905	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	215	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	200	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	180	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	175	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	410	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	410	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	385	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	345	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,555	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	765	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	600	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	880	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,310	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,905	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	70	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	115	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	220	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	225	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	240	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	265	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	495	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	485	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	480	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	455	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	400	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,965	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	890	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	645	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,800	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,455	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,745	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	505	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,325	1,030	1,295
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	60,400	44,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	51,200	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,810	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	158,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,460	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	141,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,760	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	480	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,280	975	1,305
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	70,000	83,000	60,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,300	65,000	49,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,640	7,615	8,030
0 to 17 years	2,905	1,490	1,415
0 to 5 years	1,060	520	535
18 to 64 years	8,790	4,255	4,535
65 years and over	3,950	1,870	2,080
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,185	495	695
0 to 17 years	225	120	110
0 to 5 years	105	50	50
18 to 64 years	630	270	360
65 years and over	335	100	230
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.6	6.5	8.7
0 to 17 years (%)	7.9	8.2	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	6.4	7.9
65 years and over (%)	8.4	5.5	11.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,645	7,615	8,025
0 to 17 years	2,905	1,495	1,410
0 to 5 years	1,065	525	540
18 to 64 years	8,785	4,250	4,535
65 years and over	3,950	1,870	2,080
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	325	150	170
0 to 17 years	45	30	20
0 to 5 years	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	230	110	125
65 years and over	50	20	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.1	2.0	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.7	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.5	2.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,645	7,615	8,030
In bottom half of the distribution	5,280	2,355	2,920
In bottom decile	1,000	425	575
In second decile	1,015	435	575
In third decile	1,040	465	580
In fourth decile	1,065	490	575
In fifth decile	1,160	545	615
In top half of the distribution	10,365	5,255	5,105
In sixth decile	1,345	655	690
In seventh decile	1,560	775	775
In eighth decile	1,795	890	910
In ninth decile	2,495	1,285	1,215
In top decile	3,170	1,655	1,515
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,645	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.295	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,830	7,690	8,140
English only	14,620	7,155	7,465
French only	0	0	0
English and French	1,160	520	640
Neither English nor French	45	15	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,830	7,690	8,140
English	15,535	7,550	7,985
French	225	110	110
English and French	35	20	15
Neither English nor French	40	10	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,830	7,690	8,140
Single responses	15,545	7,550	8,000
Official languages	14,375	6,975	7,400
English	14,140	6,860	7,280
French	240	120	120
Non-official languages	1,175	570	600
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0
Algonquian languages	10	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,165	565	600
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	30	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	30	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	10	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	25	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	10	10	5
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	905	450	460
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	60	70
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	5	0	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	125	60	65
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	20	20
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	180	85	95
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	110	55	55
German	90	45	50
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0
Swiss German	10	10	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	55	25	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	420	210	205
Indo-Aryan languages	395	200	200
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	115	55	60
Hindi	35	15	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	155	85	70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	80	85
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	25	15
Portuguese	40	20	15
Romanian	30	20	15
Spanish	55	20	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35
Chinese languages	60	25	35
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	0	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15
Estonian	5	5	0
Finnish	10	0	5
Hungarian	15	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	285	145	140
English and French	80	35	40
English and non-official language(s)	190	105	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,830	7,690	8,140
English	14,540	7,060	7,475
French	25	15	10
Non-official language	225	105	120
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	225	105	120
English and French	155	75	85
English and non-official language(s)	840	420	420
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,830	7,690	8,140
Single responses	15,595	7,570	8,030
Official languages	15,090	7,310	7,780
English	15,060	7,290	7,765
French	35	20	15
Non-official languages	510	265	245
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	510	265	245
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	15	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	0
Tamil	5	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	200	190
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	35	15	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	15	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	290	155	140
Indo-Aryan languages	280	150	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	90	45	45
Hindi	20	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	10	0	10
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	105	60	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	20	10	10
Spanish	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10
Chinese languages	30	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	235	120	110
English and French	25	15	5
English and non-official language(s)	205	105	100
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,830	7,690	8,140
None	14,980	7,280	7,700
English	215	125	95
French	130	55	75
Non-official language	385	175	210
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous	380	175	205
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	15,640	7,615	8,030
Official languages	15,605	7,610	8,000
English	15,600	7,605	7,995
French	1,165	560	600
Non-official languages	1,735	835	900
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	15
Algonquian languages	30	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,705	825	885
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	35	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	30	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	10	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	10	50
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	75	50	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	0
Tamil	50	35	15
Telugu	10	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,310	630	670
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	65	105
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	165	65	100
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	20	20
Russian	60	20	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	0
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	10	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	285	140	145
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	230	110	120
German	220	100	120
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	55	25	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	525	275	255
Indo-Aryan languages	505	255	245
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	95	45	55
Hindi	215	115	100
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	15	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	90	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	210	110	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	165	180
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	80	40	40
Portuguese	80	45	35
Romanian	60	20	35
Spanish	150	65	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	10
American Sign Language	25	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	40	65
Chinese languages	110	40	65
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	25	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	10	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	10	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	30	25
Estonian	15	10	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	30	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,645	7,610	8,025
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	675	340	340
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	620	300	320
First Nations (North American Indian)	355	160	200
Métis	260	140	120
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	35	10
Non-Indigenous identity	14,965	7,275	7,690
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	15,645	7,610	8,025
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295	155	140
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	15,345	7,455	7,885
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,905	...	...
Owner	5,545	...	...
Renter	1,355	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,905	...	...
Condominium	660	...	...
Not condominium	6,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,905	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...
1 bedroom	430	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,545	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,670	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,905	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,180	...	...
5 rooms	820	...	...
6 rooms	1,010	...	...
7 rooms	1,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,755	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,905	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,880	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,905	...	...
Suitable	6,790	...	...
Not suitable	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,905	...	...
1960 or before	1,195	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,145	...	...
1981 to 1990	635	...	...
1991 to 2000	535	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...
2006 to 2010	695	...	...
2011 to 2015	430	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	855	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,905	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,560	...	...
Major repairs needed	345	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,905	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,500	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,275	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,905	...	...
15 to 24 years	95	...	...
25 to 34 years	960	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,080	...	...
45 to 54 years	900	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,370	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,535	...	...
75 to 84 years	720	...	...
85 years and over	245	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,845	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,895	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,905	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,315	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	875	...	...
Not suitable only	90	...	...
Major repairs needed only	265	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,770	...	...
In core need	315	...	...
Not in core need	6,460	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,510	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,454	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	572,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	615,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,355	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	15,645	7,615	8,030
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	235	115	120
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230	115	120
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	195	90	100
Métis single ancestry	35	20	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	545	250	300
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	525	235	290
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	330	145	190
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	90	105
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,860	7,250	7,610
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	15,640	7,615	8,030
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	15,215	7,405	7,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,870	1,490	1,375
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	12,340	5,910	6,430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	430	210	220
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	15,640	7,615	8,030
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	13,765	6,680	7,085
Immigrants⁸¹	1,785	880	910
Before 1980	725	370	355
1980 to 1990	150	55	95
1991 to 2000	225	140	85
2001 to 2010	320	150	175
2011 to 2021⁸²	360	165	195
2011 to 2015	190	80	110
2016 to 2021	170	85	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	85	55	30
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,785	875	910
Under 5 years	210	100	105
5 to 14 years	410	230	185
15 to 24 years	290	90	200
25 to 44 years	780	420	360
45 years and over	95	40	60
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,785	875	910
Americas	205	80	120
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Mexico	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	115	55	60
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	20
Europe	910	465	445
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	65	35	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	10	10	0
Italy	25	15	10
Netherlands	60	40	20
Poland	10	10	0
Portugal	20	20	0
Romania	60	25	35
Russian Federation	15	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10
Ukraine	35	15	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	505	230	275
Other places of birth in Europe	80	50	25
Africa	25	20	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	10	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0
Asia	640	300	340
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	10	10	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	20	10	10
China⁹⁰	40	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	55	10	40
Viet Nam	25	0	20
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	245	120	120
Pakistan	145	75	70
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	35	35
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	15	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	85	85
Americas	35	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	20	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	30	15	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	10	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	95	50	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	70	45	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	0	20
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	15,640	7,610	8,025
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,960	980	980
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,275	1,050	1,230
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,405	5,590	5,815
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,055	510	550
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	725	395	330
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	340	265	75
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	380	135	255
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	290	85	200
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	10	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	10	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,055	510	550
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	145	50	90
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	115	55	60
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	765	375	390
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	15,640	7,610	8,025
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,190	590	605
South Asian	655	355	305
Chinese	125	40	85
Black	85	60	25
Filipino	100	25	75
Arab	40	35	10
Latin American	65	20	45
Southeast Asian	25	10	20
West Asian	10	10	0
Korean	30	15	10
Japanese	15	0	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	10	10
Multiple visible minorities	20	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	14,450	7,025	7,420
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	15,640	7,615	8,030
Canadian	2,395	1,185	1,210
English	5,180	2,440	2,735
Irish	3,950	1,845	2,110
Scottish	4,445	2,080	2,370
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,545	675	870
German	2,770	1,280	1,490
Chinese	135	50	85
Italian	535	285	250
Indian (India)	335	185	160
Ukrainian	330	145	180
Dutch	650	360	295
Polish	480	250	240
Québécois	25	15	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	715	340	380
Filipino	120	30	85
French Canadian	205	105	95
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	285	150	135
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	275	130	145
Métis	250	125	135
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	260	125	130
Russian	155	70	90
Norwegian	95	30	65
Welsh	355	130	220
Portuguese	160	65	90
American	215	105	110
Spanish	95	30	65
Swedish	125	60	60
Hungarian	205	75	130
Acadian	65	25	40
Pakistani	165	95	70
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	20	10
Jewish	40	10	30
Punjabi	50	30	15
Vietnamese	45	20	30
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0
Greek	45	20	30
Jamaican	20	0	15
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	30	25	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	15
Korean	30	15	15
Romanian	110	45	60
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	20	15	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	30	15
Danish	85	35	45
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	20	35
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	130	75	55
Belgian	120	55	65
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	40	30	15
Mexican	20	10	15
Mennonite	30	15	15
Swiss	120	50	70
Finnish	35	15	20
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	80	40	40
Japanese	15	0	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	15	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	0	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	55	30	20
Muslim	60	40	20
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	15	10
Tamil	20	0	10
Icelandic	20	20	0
Colombian	25	10	15
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	85	40	45
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	15	15	0
Ojibway	65	40	30
Newfoundlander	30	20	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	130	60	70
Persian	10	10	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	25
Turkish	30	15	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	10	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	50	30	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	10
Lithuanian	55	40	15
South African	10	0	0
Australian	10	10	0
Palestinian	10	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	10	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	25	20	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	10	25
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	0	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	30	25	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	20	20
Cuban	30	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	30	10	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	25	0	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	25	0	20
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	35	25	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	10	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	20	30
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	15	10
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	10	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	15,645	7,610	8,025
Buddhist	15	0	15
Christian	8,115	3,600	4,515
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	850	395	450
Anabaptist	105	50	55
Anglican	700	300	395
Baptist	200	100	95
Catholic	2,520	1,150	1,365
Christian Orthodox	140	60	80
Jehovah's Witness	70	25	40
Latter Day Saints	50	20	25
Lutheran	290	105	185
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	95	30	60
Presbyterian	750	355	395
Reformed	20	0	15
United Church	1,960	835	1,125
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	330	140	185
Hindu	225	120	105
Jewish	10	10	0
Muslim	345	205	135
Sikh	85	40	45
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	40	35
No religion and secular perspectives	6,745	3,575	3,170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	15,470	7,530	7,945
Non-movers	13,655	6,650	7,000
Movers	1,815	875	945
Non-migrants	655	340	315
Migrants	1,160	530	630
Internal migrants	1,085	490	595
Intraprovincial migrants	1,010	450	560
Interprovincial migrants	70	35	35
External migrants	80	45	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,785	7,205	7,585
Non-movers	8,865	4,330	4,535
Movers	5,920	2,875	3,045
Non-migrants	1,990	955	1,035
Migrants	3,935	1,920	2,010
Internal migrants	3,705	1,815	1,890
Intraprovincial migrants	3,420	1,675	1,745
Interprovincial migrants	285	135	145
External migrants	235	110	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,110	6,315	6,790
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,745	900	845
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,370	5,420	5,945
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,945	3,805	4,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	535	275	250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,415	3,525	3,885
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,110	6,320	6,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,535	765	770
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,180	1,375	1,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,400	4,180	4,220
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,780	2,520	2,260
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,110	885	225
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330	190	140
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	775	695	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,490	1,525	1,965
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	105	70
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,620	1,660	1,960
Bachelor's degree	2,580	1,155	1,430
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235	125	105
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	30	35
Master's degree	680	300	380
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	45	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,950	3,805	4,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	455	235	220
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,540	715	825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,955	2,855	3,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,155	1,645	1,510
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	640	490	145
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170	85	90
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	465	410	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,410	1,085	1,330
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	70	35
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,795	1,215	1,585
Bachelor's degree	1,995	860	1,140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	80	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	35
Master's degree	555	225	325
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	35	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,115	6,320	6,795
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,710	2,140	2,570
Education	475	90	380
13. Education	475	90	380
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	70	85
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	130	45	85
Humanities	340	130	210
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	105	25	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	10	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	10
54. History	70	40	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	780	215	565
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	45	55
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	0	135
22. Legal professions and studies	135	45	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	120	10	110
45. Social sciences	265	110	155
Business, management and public administration	1,355	405	955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	115	10	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,235	395	840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	300	155	145
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	30	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	25	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	125	90	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	155	95	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	80	40
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,885	2,535	350
04. Architecture and related services	50	15	35
14. Engineering	890	730	155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	895	775	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	485	465	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	335	325	15
48. Precision production	235	215	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	100	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	50	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	50	30
Health and related fields	1,295	215	1,080
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	50	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,100	150	955
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	475	180	300
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	275	50	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	160	95	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	40	30	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,950	3,810	4,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,995	950	1,045
Education	255	10	235
13. Education	255	10	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	105	45	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	30	60
Humanities	250	95	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	75	15	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	15	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	25	0
54. History	50	30	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	545	145	400
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	30	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	95
22. Legal professions and studies	100	20	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	90	0	75
45. Social sciences	180	85	100
Business, management and public administration	1,010	255	750
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	0	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	910	255	650
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	125	120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	25	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	115	80	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	100	75	25
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	70	20
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,040	1,730	305
04. Architecture and related services	45	10	35
14. Engineering	710	570	140
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	625	540	95
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	275	260	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	215	10
48. Precision production	155	135	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	60	75
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	20	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	40	30
Health and related fields	915	170	745
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	40	100
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	750	115	635
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	345	135	215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170	25	145
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	155	90	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,950	3,810	4,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,995	950	1,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,955	2,855	3,100
Location of study inside Canada	5,345	2,585	2,760
Same as province or territory of residence	5,000	2,415	2,585
Different than province or territory of residence	345	170	175
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	610	270	340
Americas	170	85	80
United States of America	130	80	50
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10
Europe	160	80	85
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	25	10	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	10
Russian Federation	15	0	15
Ukraine	25	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	30	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	245	95	150
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	110	45	60
Pakistan	60	30	35
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	25	0	25
Australia	25	0	25
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	13,110	6,320	6,795
In the labour force	7,360	3,905	3,455
Employed	6,770	3,680	3,090
Unemployed	590	230	360
Not in the labour force	5,755	2,410	3,340
Participation rate	56.1	61.8	50.8
Employment rate	51.6	58.2	45.5
Unemployment rate	8.0	5.9	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	13,110	6,320	6,795
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,320	2,170	3,145
Worked	7,795	4,145	3,650
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,135	2,445	1,680
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,665	1,700	1,965
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.4	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,360	3,905	3,450
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	30	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,275	3,880	3,400
Employee	6,115	3,290	2,825
Permanent position	4,995	2,745	2,250
Temporary position	1,115	545	565
Fixed term (1 year or more)	425	200	220
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	695	345	345
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,160	585	575
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,360	3,905	3,450
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	30	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,275	3,880	3,400
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	75	45	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,015	220	795
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,000	775	225
3 Health occupations	510	80	425
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	700	200	505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	190	80	105
6 Sales and service occupations	1,750	705	1,045
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,155	1,060	100
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	135	95	45
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	740	615	120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,360	3,905	3,450
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	85	30	55
All industries¹⁹¹	7,275	3,880	3,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	85	50	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	1,925	1,440	480
23 Construction	645	540	105
31-33 Manufacturing	315	205	110
41 Wholesale trade	70	40	25
44-45 Retail trade	930	425	505
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	90	50	40
51 Information and cultural industries	85	40	45
52 Finance and insurance	140	30	105
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	130	35	95
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	510	275	235
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	145	75	70
61 Educational services	330	70	260
62 Health care and social assistance	820	100	715
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	160	70	90
72 Accommodation and food services	370	150	220
81 Other services (except public administration)	270	135	135
91 Public administration	235	105	130
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,160	4,310	3,850
English	8,020	4,260	3,760
French	15	0	15
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	90	35	55
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,160	4,310	3,850
Single responses	8,150	4,305	3,840
Official languages	8,140	4,300	3,840
English	8,110	4,300	3,815
French	30	0	30
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,160	4,310	3,850
None	8,055	4,270	3,780
English	15	0	15
French	65	35	35
Non-official language	20	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,770	3,680	3,090
Worked at home	1,590	685	905
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	470	315	155
Usual place of work	4,705	2,670	2,030
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,700	2,675	2,025
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,315	935	1,385
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,930	1,515	415
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	435	205	230
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,170	2,990	2,185
Car, truck or van	4,585	2,685	1,905
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,360	2,575	1,780
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	225	105	120
Public transit	15	10	0
Walked	345	140	205
Bicycle	105	100	0
Other method	115	50	65
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,170	2,990	2,185
Less than 15 minutes	2,140	890	1,250
15 to 29 minutes	1,465	1,035	430
30 to 44 minutes	1,190	825	360
45 to 59 minutes	265	140	120
60 minutes and over	120	100	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,170	2,990	2,185
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	465	355	110
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,295	1,010	285
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,210	710	500
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	920	305	615
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	590	220	375
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	695	395	295
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,940	1,510	1,430
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	220	105	115
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,720	1,405	1,315
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,010	1,045	970
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	75	85
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	25	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	45	60
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,850	970	885

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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