Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Owen Sound, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,612	...	...
Population, 2016¹	21,341	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,406	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,895	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	892.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	24.21	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,615	10,090	11,515
0 to 14 years	3,085	1,570	1,510
0 to 4 years	965	485	475
5 to 9 years	1,060	555	500
10 to 14 years	1,065	530	530
15 to 64 years	12,660	6,105	6,555
15 to 19 years	1,055	530	530
20 to 24 years	1,090	570	520
25 to 29 years	1,320	680	640
30 to 34 years	1,315	625	690
35 to 39 years	1,235	590	640
40 to 44 years	1,120	530	590
45 to 49 years	1,050	510	540
50 to 54 years	1,240	590	645
55 to 59 years	1,535	720	820
60 to 64 years	1,695	750	940
65 years and over	5,870	2,415	3,455
65 to 69 years	1,490	665	820
70 to 74 years	1,395	620	775
75 to 79 years	1,050	445	605
80 to 84 years	805	310	490
85 years and over	1,135	375	760
85 to 89 years	655	240	415
90 to 94 years	365	100	265
95 to 99 years	95	25	65
100 years and over	20	5	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.6	13.1
15 to 64 years	58.6	60.5	56.9
65 years and over	27.2	23.9	30.0
85 years and over	5.3	3.7	6.6
Average age of the population	46.3	44.1	48.2
Median age of the population	48.0	44.4	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,895	...	...
Single-detached house	5,055	...	...
Semi-detached house	415	...	...
Row house	670	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,700	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	735	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	35	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,895	...	...
1 person	3,780	...	...
2 persons	3,455	...	...
3 persons	1,230	...	...
4 persons	940	...	...
5 or more persons	485	...	...
Number of persons in private households	20,825	9,875	10,950
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,525	8,520	10,005
Married or living common-law	9,465	4,695	4,770
Married	7,280	3,605	3,675
Living common-law	2,185	1,090	1,100
Living common law - Never married	1,500	760	735
Living common law - Separated	150	70	80
Living common law - Divorced	475	230	245
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	35
Not married and not living common-law	9,060	3,825	5,235
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,995	2,645	2,355
Not married and not living common law - Separated	710	290	420
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,575	555	1,020
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,785	340	1,440
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,880	...	...
2 persons	3,515	...	...
3 persons	1,150	...	...
4 persons	840	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,875	...	...
Total couple families	4,595	...	...
Married couples	3,500	...	...
With children⁶	1,405	...	...
Without children	2,090	...	...
Common-law couples	1,090	...	...
With children⁶	445	...	...
Without children	645	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,285	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,035	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	245	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,825	9,875	10,945
Total - Persons in census families	15,855	7,685	8,165
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,185	4,575	4,610
Parents in one-parent families	1,280	250	1,035
Children⁶	5,385	2,865	2,520
In a two-parent family	3,405	1,780	1,625
In a one-parent family	1,975	1,080	895
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,970	2,185	2,780
Living alone	3,785	1,530	2,255
Living with other relatives⁷	370	160	205
Living with non-relatives only	815	500	320
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,895	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,325	...	...
Couple-family households	4,285	...	...
With children⁶	1,730	...	...
Without children	2,555	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,040	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	160	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	255	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	340	...	...
One-person households	3,785	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,740	8,300	9,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,280	8,050	9,230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,280	8,050	9,230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,750	6,915	7,835
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	34,400	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,135	5,525	5,615
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	33,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,980	7,355	8,625
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,900	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,670	800	870
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,840	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465	2,075	2,390
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,745	8,300	9,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,240	8,040	9,200
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	48,320	40,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,245	8,040	9,205
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	41,520	36,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,785	6,915	7,865
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040	44,160	32,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,140	5,505	5,635
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480	42,000	33,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,045	7,380	8,660
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,620	11,240	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,655	720	940
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,295	6,390	6,220
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,530	2,105	2,420
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,590	8,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,740	8,300	9,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,650	2,535	2,110
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	64,200	54,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,965	2,160	2,805
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	18,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,800	21,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6	78.6	68.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.6	59.5	49.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.5	21.4	31.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2	4.7	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,745	8,300	9,440
Without total income	460	250	210
With total income	17,280	8,055	9,225
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,190	530	655
$10,000 to $19,999	2,520	1,085	1,435
$20,000 to $29,999	3,225	1,350	1,875
$30,000 to $39,999	2,635	1,170	1,465
$40,000 to $49,999	2,210	1,005	1,200
$50,000 to $59,999	1,575	730	845
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210	615	595
$70,000 to $79,999	815	450	360
$80,000 to $89,999	495	255	245
$90,000 to $99,999	395	220	180
$100,000 and over	1,010	645	365
$100,000 to $149,999	715	420	295
$150,000 and over	295	220	75
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,745	8,300	9,440
Without after-tax income	455	250	210
With after-tax income	17,285	8,055	9,230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,240	545	700
$10,000 to $19,999	2,610	1,130	1,475
$20,000 to $29,999	3,630	1,540	2,095
$30,000 to $39,999	3,075	1,415	1,665
$40,000 to $49,999	2,345	1,075	1,275
$50,000 to $59,999	1,650	790	865
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	550	455
$70,000 to $79,999	610	325	285
$80,000 to $89,999	380	205	180
$90,000 to $99,999	230	140	95
$100,000 and over	495	350	140
$100,000 to $124,999	270	180	90
$125,000 and over	230	175	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,745	8,300	9,440
Without employment income	6,605	2,775	3,825
With employment income	11,135	5,520	5,610
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,875	890	985
$5,000 to $9,999	975	410	565
$10,000 to $19,999	1,490	655	840
$20,000 to $29,999	1,275	570	705
$30,000 to $39,999	1,275	640	635
$40,000 to $49,999	1,020	515	500
$50,000 to $59,999	840	425	415
$60,000 to $69,999	660	380	280
$70,000 to $79,999	465	275	190
$80,000 to $89,999	305	170	135
$90,000 to $99,999	285	140	145
$100,000 and over	670	465	210
$100,000 to $124,999	335	205	130
$125,000 and over	330	255	75
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,740	8,300	9,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,105	7,975	9,130
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,110	7,975	9,130
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,000	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,715	6,920	7,800
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,330	5,610	5,725
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,800	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,385	7,045	8,340
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	5,200	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,230	560	670
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	5,160	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,745	8,300	9,440
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,090	7,950	9,145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880	46,640	37,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,095	7,950	9,150
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440	39,720	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,750	6,915	7,835
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	45,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,350	5,605	5,745
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360	43,120	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,385	7,000	8,385
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,520	8,330	10,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,250	605	645
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,300	5,800	6,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,740	8,300	9,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,620	2,535	2,085
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	54,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,950	61,450	51,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,770	2,100	2,670
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	23,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	30,880	25,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)	60.8	65.2	56.1
Government transfers (%)	20.5	15.7	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,895	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,785	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,895	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,775	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,115	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,895	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	65	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	380	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	600	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	525	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	455	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	465	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	895	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	800	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	740	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	595	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,505	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	600	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	535	...	...
$200,000 and over	410	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,895	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	630	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	585	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	575	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	540	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	535	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,025	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	900	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	760	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	670	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	510	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,865	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	855	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	445	...	...
$150,000 and over	560	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,865	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,595	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,890	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,220	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,600	2,020	2,575
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	32,400	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	30,600	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,865	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,620	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,880	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,215	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,550	2,010	2,535
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040	40,200	39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,520	35,200	35,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,825	9,875	10,950
0 to 17 years	3,750	1,900	1,845
0 to 5 years	1,170	595	575
18 to 64 years	11,915	5,740	6,180
65 years and over	5,160	2,235	2,925
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,160	1,445	1,715
0 to 17 years	575	290	285
0 to 5 years	200	105	100
18 to 64 years	1,785	850	930
65 years and over	805	300	500
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.2	14.6	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.4	15.3	15.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	17.2	17.6
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0	14.8	15.0
65 years and over (%)	15.5	13.4	17.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,825	9,875	10,945
0 to 17 years	3,745	1,905	1,845
0 to 5 years	1,175	600	575
18 to 64 years	11,915	5,735	6,175
65 years and over	5,165	2,235	2,930
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	900	470	425
0 to 17 years	85	40	45
0 to 5 years	35	10	20
18 to 64 years	755	410	350
65 years and over	60	20	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.8	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.4	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	7.1	5.6
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,825	9,875	10,950
In bottom half of the distribution	13,105	6,105	7,005
In bottom decile	2,710	1,290	1,420
In second decile	2,935	1,285	1,655
In third decile	2,800	1,345	1,460
In fourth decile	2,560	1,195	1,365
In fifth decile	2,100	995	1,105
In top half of the distribution	7,715	3,765	3,950
In sixth decile	1,920	920	1,000
In seventh decile	1,875	920	950
In eighth decile	1,560	750	815
In ninth decile	1,295	635	655
In top decile	1,060	535	525
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,825	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.477	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,225	9,965	11,260
English only	19,760	9,390	10,375
French only	5	5	5
English and French	1,410	555	855
Neither English nor French	50	25	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,225	9,965	11,260
English	20,985	9,865	11,125
French	175	70	100
English and French	20	10	10
Neither English nor French	45	20	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,225	9,965	11,260
Single responses	20,955	9,845	11,110
Official languages	19,960	9,345	10,610
English	19,760	9,270	10,490
French	200	80	125
Non-official languages	995	495	495
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	990	500	490
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	70
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	135	65	70
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	110	55	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5
Ilocano	5	5	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	20	10
Tamil	15	5	5
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	615	315	295
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	55
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0
Slavic languages	85	40	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	205	85	120
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	105	45	60
German	105	40	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	35	55
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	85	30	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	5	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	195	120	80
Indo-Aryan languages	180	110	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	45	30	10
Hindi	30	25	10
Kacchi	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	30	25
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	55	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	15	10
Portuguese	15	10	5
Romanian	10	10	5
Spanish	50	30	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	40
Chinese languages	65	25	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	10	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	15	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	270	125	150
English and French	90	45	50
English and non-official language(s)	160	75	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,225	9,965	11,260
English	20,080	9,415	10,660
French	25	15	10
Non-official language	200	105	95
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	200	105	95
English and French	210	80	135
English and non-official language(s)	660	330	330
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,225	9,965	11,260
Single responses	21,040	9,885	11,160
Official languages	20,635	9,675	10,960
English	20,605	9,660	10,945
French	30	15	15
Non-official languages	405	210	195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	400	205	190
Afro-Asiatic languages	80	40	45
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	45
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	25	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	25	10	15
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	15	10
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	5	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	100	80
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	5
German	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	110	65	45
Indo-Aryan languages	100	60	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	5
Hindi	20	20	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	5	5	5
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	15	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	20	25
Chinese languages	50	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	185	85	100
English and French	25	5	25
English and non-official language(s)	155	80	80
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,225	9,965	11,260
None	20,470	9,610	10,855
English	150	75	75
French	175	65	105
Non-official language	350	170	175
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	15
Non-Indigenous	330	170	160
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,820	9,875	10,950
Official languages	20,770	9,840	10,930
English	20,770	9,840	10,930
French	1,360	550	810
Non-official languages	1,395	685	710
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	20	10	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,380	680	700
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	85	95
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	85	95
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	155	70	80
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	10	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	30	0	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	35	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	15	0
Tamil	25	15	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	885	440	445
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	45
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	10	0	10
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	50	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	20	10
Russian	35	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	25	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	10	0
Serbian	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	275	125	145
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	190	85	105
German	190	85	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	40
Afrikaans	10	10	0
Dutch	75	40	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	0	20
Indo-Iranian languages	260	140	120
Indo-Aryan languages	240	125	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	60	35	25
Hindi	130	70	60
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	0	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	25	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	15	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	15	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	125	125
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	50	40	15
Portuguese	15	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	190	90	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	45	25	25
Korean	45	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	15	30
American Sign Language	45	15	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	40	70
Chinese languages	110	40	70
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	90	35	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	30	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	10	0
Hungarian	20	20	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,820	9,875	10,950
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	870	410	460
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	845	395	450
First Nations (North American Indian)	495	260	235
Métis	350	135	215
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	10	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous identity	19,955	9,465	10,490
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,820	9,875	10,950
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	255	150	105
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,565	9,725	10,845
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,895	...	...
Owner	5,735	...	...
Renter	4,155	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,895	...	...
Condominium	570	...	...
Not condominium	9,325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,895	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	1,800	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,635	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,425	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,895	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,950	...	...
5 rooms	1,510	...	...
6 rooms	1,480	...	...
7 rooms	1,320	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,640	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,895	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,855	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,895	...	...
Suitable	9,545	...	...
Not suitable	345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,895	...	...
1960 or before	4,315	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,845	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,190	...	...
1991 to 2000	635	...	...
2001 to 2005	230	...	...
2006 to 2010	240	...	...
2011 to 2015	210	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,895	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,235	...	...
Major repairs needed	655	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,895	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,775	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,850	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,895	...	...
15 to 24 years	245	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,330	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,395	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,360	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,010	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,835	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,200	...	...
85 years and over	510	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,865	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,395	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,895	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,090	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,140	...	...
Not suitable only	250	...	...
Major repairs needed only	415	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,805	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,710	...	...
In core need	1,105	...	...
Not in core need	8,605	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,740	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,178	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	447,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,160	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	976	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,825	9,875	10,950
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	330	150	185
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	320	150	175
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	235	120	115
Métis single ancestry	85	25	60
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	915	440	475
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	915	440	475
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570	300	270
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	135	205
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,575	9,290	10,285
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,825	9,875	10,945
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,240	9,580	10,660
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,585	1,820	1,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,660	7,755	8,900
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	585	295	285
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,825	9,875	10,945
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,080	8,995	10,090
Immigrants⁸¹	1,620	800	815
Before 1980	680	350	330
1980 to 1990	195	75	115
1991 to 2000	190	95	90
2001 to 2010	220	115	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	345	175	170
2011 to 2015	60	30	30
2016 to 2021	280	140	145
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125	80	45
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,620	805	815
Under 5 years	255	135	115
5 to 14 years	340	185	155
15 to 24 years	285	150	140
25 to 44 years	665	315	355
45 years and over	70	25	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,620	805	815
Americas	205	110	100
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	0
Mexico	20	10	10
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	95	50	45
Other places of birth in Americas	45	35	10
Europe	850	425	425
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	70	25	40
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	15	15	0
Netherlands	70	35	30
Poland	25	15	15
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	15	0	10
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	240	235
Other places of birth in Europe	110	50	60
Africa	70	45	30
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	15	0	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	15	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	470	220	250
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	90	45	40
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	35	40
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	10	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	115	70	50
Pakistan	15	15	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	15	35
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	280	140	140
Americas	45	25	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Mexico	15	10	0
United States of America	20	0	15
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	30	15	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	40	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	15	10	10
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	165	80	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	30	20	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	90	50	40
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,820	9,875	10,950
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,935	975	960
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,380	1,100	1,275
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,510	7,800	8,710
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	940	455	485
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	460	235	225
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185	120	65
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	280	115	165
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305	110	190
Refugees¹⁰⁸	180	110	70
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	940	455	485
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	40	60
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	30	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	740	365	375
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,820	9,875	10,950
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,200	565	640
South Asian	345	200	145
Chinese	115	45	70
Black	275	125	150
Filipino	40	10	35
Arab	140	70	70
Latin American	45	25	30
Southeast Asian	25	10	15
West Asian	10	10	0
Korean	50	25	25
Japanese	50	20	35
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	25	35
Multiple visible minorities	40	15	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,620	9,310	10,310
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,820	9,870	10,950
Canadian	3,790	1,770	2,020
English	7,015	3,195	3,820
Irish	5,830	2,815	3,015
Scottish	6,630	3,065	3,570
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,500	720	780
German	3,190	1,535	1,655
Chinese	140	55	85
Italian	460	205	260
Indian (India)	270	140	125
Ukrainian	365	165	200
Dutch	955	415	545
Polish	420	215	205
Québécois	20	15	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,005	425	580
Filipino	40	10	35
French Canadian	235	100	135
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	590	310	285
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315	170	145
Métis	435	160	275
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	345	175	170
Russian	140	55	85
Norwegian	170	90	85
Welsh	600	215	380
Portuguese	55	25	35
American	195	135	60
Spanish	185	85	95
Swedish	100	45	55
Hungarian	175	90	80
Acadian	35	0	30
Pakistani	45	15	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	20	45
Jewish	75	50	25
Punjabi	30	15	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	50	25
Greek	85	40	45
Jamaican	50	25	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	35	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	30	20
Korean	55	25	30
Romanian	50	15	35
Lebanese	40	10	30
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	40	40
Danish	105	50	55
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165	85	80
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	75	30	45
Belgian	60	30	30
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	30	20	15
Mexican	10	0	10
Mennonite	40	20	20
Swiss	140	70	60
Finnish	75	50	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	35	25	10
Japanese	65	30	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	10	10
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	20	0	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	15	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	15
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	55	15	40
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	10
Serbian	50	30	25
Ojibway	125	60	70
Newfoundlander	25	10	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	145	80	70
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	10
Turkish	25	20	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	30	15	10
Slovak	30	15	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	15	30
South African	10	0	0
Australian	25	15	15
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	10	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	20	0
Macedonian	10	0	10
Slovenian	10	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	15	30
New Brunswicker	20	20	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	25	20	0
African Canadian	15	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	35	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	20	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	35	15	15
African American	50	30	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	0	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	20	20	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	25	15	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	55	15	40
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	20	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	15
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	30	35
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50	35	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	0	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	50	25	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,825	9,875	10,950
Buddhist	30	20	10
Christian	10,325	4,445	5,880
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,525	725	800
Anabaptist	30	15	20
Anglican	985	390	590
Baptist	450	195	255
Catholic	2,725	1,235	1,490
Christian Orthodox	80	35	50
Jehovah's Witness	65	30	30
Latter Day Saints	70	30	45
Lutheran	405	205	205
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185	60	125
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	225	100	125
Presbyterian	795	365	430
Reformed	75	40	40
United Church	1,960	740	1,220
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	740	290	450
Hindu	125	60	65
Jewish	105	70	30
Muslim	235	110	125
Sikh	60	35	25
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	10	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	175	50	125
No religion and secular perspectives	9,750	5,070	4,685
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,680	9,790	10,895
Non-movers	18,060	8,515	9,550
Movers	2,620	1,275	1,345
Non-migrants	1,630	825	800
Migrants	995	450	545
Internal migrants	945	425	520
Intraprovincial migrants	905	405	505
Interprovincial migrants	35	15	15
External migrants	50	30	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,880	9,385	10,485
Non-movers	11,630	5,480	6,145
Movers	8,250	3,905	4,345
Non-migrants	3,395	1,600	1,795
Migrants	4,855	2,305	2,550
Internal migrants	4,580	2,150	2,425
Intraprovincial migrants	4,360	2,055	2,310
Interprovincial migrants	220	100	120
External migrants	275	150	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,745	8,300	9,440
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,065	2,080	1,985
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,675	6,225	7,450
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,475	4,995	5,485
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,685	970	720
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,790	4,025	4,765
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,740	8,300	9,440
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,635	1,860	1,775
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,605	2,730	2,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,500	3,710	4,785
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,625	2,470	3,155
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,000	700	305
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	450	275	175
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	550	425	125
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,405	1,685	2,720
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225	95	130
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,875	1,240	1,640
Bachelor's degree	1,950	770	1,175
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	70	115
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	65	50
Master's degree	560	290	265
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	35	35
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,475	4,995	5,480
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,520	885	635
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,270	1,720	1,550
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,685	2,390	3,290
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,710	1,620	2,090
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	520	390	130
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	195	145	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	325	245	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,080	1,180	1,895
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	50	60
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,970	765	1,205
Bachelor's degree	1,355	495	860
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120	40	85
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	35
Master's degree	380	185	200
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	15	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,740	8,300	9,440
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,245	4,590	4,650
Education	495	145	350
13. Education	495	145	350
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	440	195	245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	160	240
Humanities	495	230	260
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	20
23. English language and literature/letters	120	50	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	35	80
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	80	35
54. History	75	35	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	925	260	665
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	15	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	20	260
22. Legal professions and studies	130	35	100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	15
42. Psychology	135	25	115
45. Social sciences	285	150	135
Business, management and public administration	1,430	490	940
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	40	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,230	450	775
Physical and life sciences and technologies	290	140	145
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140	65	80
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	20	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	55	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	195	120	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120	95	30
25. Library science	20	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,310	1,240	75
04. Architecture and related services	45	25	15
14. Engineering	130	105	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	335	325	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	335	325	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	250	245	0
48. Precision production	220	215	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	110	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	65	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	45	20
Health and related fields	1,980	360	1,620
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	90	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,780	235	1,545
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	35	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	730	415	320
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370	120	250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	235	165	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	120	0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,475	4,990	5,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,795	2,605	2,190
Education	255	65	190
13. Education	255	65	190
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275	120	160
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	260	105	160
Humanities	270	135	135
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	75	25	55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	20	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	45	10
54. History	50	20	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685	175	520
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	15	205
22. Legal professions and studies	100	15	85
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	10
42. Psychology	95	10	85
45. Social sciences	190	95	95
Business, management and public administration	1,020	310	710
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	30	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	850	285	570
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	75	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	45	65
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	15	35
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	150	100	45
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	80	25
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	825	770	55
04. Architecture and related services	35	15	20
14. Engineering	80	65	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	210	195	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	250	245	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	145	145	0
48. Precision production	105	100	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	55	75
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	35	50
03. Natural resources and conservation	45	20	20
Health and related fields	1,370	280	1,090
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	80	40
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,220	180	1,040
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	20	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	505	305	205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	220	80	140
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	190	135	60
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	90	0
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,475	4,990	5,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,795	2,605	2,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,680	2,390	3,295
Location of study inside Canada	5,215	2,175	3,035
Same as province or territory of residence	4,935	2,065	2,865
Different than province or territory of residence	280	105	170
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470	215	255
Americas	145	80	60
United States of America	125	70	55
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	105	45	60
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Netherlands	10	0	10
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	0
Africa	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	180	75	105
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Philippines	20	10	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	85	45	30
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	30	10	20
Australia	30	10	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,740	8,300	9,440
In the labour force	9,785	4,815	4,970
Employed	8,695	4,340	4,355
Unemployed	1,090	475	615
Not in the labour force	7,950	3,485	4,475
Participation rate	55.2	58.0	52.6
Employment rate	49.0	52.3	46.1
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.9	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,740	8,300	9,440
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,720	3,350	4,370
Worked	10,020	4,950	5,070
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,745	2,605	2,145
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,270	2,345	2,925
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,790	4,820	4,965
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	80	110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,600	4,740	4,855
Employee	8,355	4,095	4,255
Permanent position	7,130	3,435	3,695
Temporary position	1,225	665	560
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365	190	180
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	855	470	385
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,250	645	600
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,790	4,820	4,965
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	80	110
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,600	4,740	4,855
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	45	15	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,225	380	845
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	390	280	105
3 Health occupations	1,120	230	890
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,140	345	790
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	220	80	140
6 Sales and service occupations	2,990	1,200	1,795
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,820	1,685	135
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	150	130	20
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	500	390	110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,790	4,820	4,965
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	80	110
All industries¹⁹¹	9,600	4,740	4,855
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105	55	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	45	0
22 Utilities	150	125	30
23 Construction	800	715	85
31-33 Manufacturing	790	590	200
41 Wholesale trade	165	135	30
44-45 Retail trade	1,785	885	895
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	375	260	115
51 Information and cultural industries	95	60	40
52 Finance and insurance	200	75	115
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	150	65	80
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	350	155	200
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	400	245	160
61 Educational services	560	215	345
62 Health care and social assistance	1,980	410	1,575
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	225	110	110
72 Accommodation and food services	725	265	455
81 Other services (except public administration)	345	170	180
91 Public administration	350	170	185
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,740	5,335	5,400
English	10,535	5,270	5,265
French	35	10	20
Non-official language	25	20	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	20	0
English and French	95	25	70
English and non-official language(s)	50	20	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,740	5,335	5,400
Single responses	10,720	5,335	5,385
Official languages	10,695	5,315	5,375
English	10,635	5,310	5,330
French	50	10	40
Non-official languages	25	20	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	0	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,740	5,335	5,400
None	10,605	5,295	5,305
English	25	0	25
French	70	25	45
Non-official language	25	10	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,695	4,340	4,355
Worked at home	1,050	410	645
Worked outside Canada	20	10	10
No fixed workplace address	1,040	800	240
Usual place of work	6,590	3,120	3,465
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,590	3,120	3,465
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,525	1,890	2,630
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,290	775	515
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	760	455	305
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,625	3,925	3,700
Car, truck or van	6,715	3,530	3,185
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,005	3,145	2,860
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710	380	325
Public transit	135	65	70
Walked	580	225	355
Bicycle	70	50	20
Other method	120	50	70
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,625	3,925	3,700
Less than 15 minutes	4,645	2,125	2,520
15 to 29 minutes	1,500	770	725
30 to 44 minutes	785	500	280
45 to 59 minutes	250	155	90
60 minutes and over	455	370	85
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,625	3,925	3,700
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	400	245	165
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,295	800	490
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,965	1,085	880
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,695	685	1,015
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	940	410	530
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,330	705	625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,820	1,940	1,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	315	180	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,500	1,760	1,740
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,785	1,415	1,370
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	235	135	100
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	90	70
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	45	30
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,550	1,275	1,275

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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