Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Owen Sound, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,612
Population, 2016¹	21,341
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.3
Total private dwellings²	10,406
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,895
Population density per square kilometre	892.6
Land area in square kilometres	24.21
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,615
0 to 14 years	3,085
0 to 4 years	965
5 to 9 years	1,060
10 to 14 years	1,065
15 to 64 years	12,660
15 to 19 years	1,055
20 to 24 years	1,090
25 to 29 years	1,320
30 to 34 years	1,315
35 to 39 years	1,235
40 to 44 years	1,120
45 to 49 years	1,050
50 to 54 years	1,240
55 to 59 years	1,535
60 to 64 years	1,695
65 years and over	5,870
65 to 69 years	1,490
70 to 74 years	1,395
75 to 79 years	1,050
80 to 84 years	805
85 years and over	1,135
85 to 89 years	655
90 to 94 years	365
95 to 99 years	95
100 years and over	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3
15 to 64 years	58.6
65 years and over	27.2
85 years and over	5.3
Average age of the population	46.3
Median age of the population	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,895
Single-detached house	5,055
Semi-detached house	415
Row house	670
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,700
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	735
Other single-attached house	20
Movable dwelling⁴	35
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,895
1 person	3,780
2 persons	3,455
3 persons	1,230
4 persons	940
5 or more persons	485
Number of persons in private households	20,825
Average household size	2.1
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,525
Married or living common-law	9,465
Married	7,280
Living common-law	2,185
Living common law - Never married	1,500
Living common law - Separated	150
Living common law - Divorced	475
Living common law - Widowed	65
Not married and not living common-law	9,060
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,995
Not married and not living common law - Separated	710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,575
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,785
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,880
2 persons	3,515
3 persons	1,150
4 persons	840
5 or more persons	365
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,875
Total couple families	4,595
Married couples	3,500
With children⁶	1,405
Without children	2,090
Common-law couples	1,090
With children⁶	445
Without children	645
Total one-parent families	1,285
in which the parent is a woman+	1,035
in which the parent is a man+	245
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	20,825
Total - Persons in census families	15,855
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,185
Parents in one-parent families	1,280
Children⁶	5,385
In a two-parent family	3,405
In a one-parent family	1,975
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,970
Living alone	3,785
Living with other relatives⁷	370
Living with non-relatives only	815
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,895
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,325
Couple-family households	4,285
With children⁶	1,730
Without children	2,555
One-parent-family households	1,040
Multigenerational households⁸	160
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	255
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	340
One-person households	3,785
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,280
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,280
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,750
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,135
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,980
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,670
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,465
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,240
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,245
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,785
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,140
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,045
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,655
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,295
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,530
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,740
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,650
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,965
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,745
Without total income	460
With total income	17,280
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,190
$10,000 to $19,999	2,520
$20,000 to $29,999	3,225
$30,000 to $39,999	2,635
$40,000 to $49,999	2,210
$50,000 to $59,999	1,575
$60,000 to $69,999	1,210
$70,000 to $79,999	815
$80,000 to $89,999	495
$90,000 to $99,999	395
$100,000 and over	1,010
$100,000 to $149,999	715
$150,000 and over	295
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,745
Without after-tax income	455
With after-tax income	17,285
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,240
$10,000 to $19,999	2,610
$20,000 to $29,999	3,630
$30,000 to $39,999	3,075
$40,000 to $49,999	2,345
$50,000 to $59,999	1,650
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005
$70,000 to $79,999	610
$80,000 to $89,999	380
$90,000 to $99,999	230
$100,000 and over	495
$100,000 to $124,999	270
$125,000 and over	230
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,745
Without employment income	6,605
With employment income	11,135
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,875
$5,000 to $9,999	975
$10,000 to $19,999	1,490
$20,000 to $29,999	1,275
$30,000 to $39,999	1,275
$40,000 to $49,999	1,020
$50,000 to $59,999	840
$60,000 to $69,999	660
$70,000 to $79,999	465
$80,000 to $89,999	305
$90,000 to $99,999	285
$100,000 and over	670
$100,000 to $124,999	335
$125,000 and over	330
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,740
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,105
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,715
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,330
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,385
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,230
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,745
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,090
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,095
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,750
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,350
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,385
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,740
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,620
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,770
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	79.6
Employment income (%)	60.8
Government transfers (%)	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,895
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,785
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,110
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,895
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,775
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,440
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,115
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,600
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,895
Under $5,000	80
$5,000 to $9,999	65
$10,000 to $14,999	220
$15,000 to $19,999	380
$20,000 to $24,999	600
$25,000 to $29,999	525
$30,000 to $34,999	455
$35,000 to $39,999	505
$40,000 to $44,999	500
$45,000 to $49,999	465
$50,000 to $59,999	895
$60,000 to $69,999	800
$70,000 to $79,999	740
$80,000 to $89,999	595
$90,000 to $99,999	565
$100,000 and over	2,505
$100,000 to $124,999	960
$125,000 to $149,999	600
$150,000 to $199,999	535
$200,000 and over	410
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,895
Under $5,000	85
$5,000 to $9,999	70
$10,000 to $14,999	225
$15,000 to $19,999	390
$20,000 to $24,999	630
$25,000 to $29,999	585
$30,000 to $34,999	545
$35,000 to $39,999	575
$40,000 to $44,999	540
$45,000 to $49,999	535
$50,000 to $59,999	1,025
$60,000 to $69,999	900
$70,000 to $79,999	760
$80,000 to $89,999	670
$90,000 to $99,999	510
$100,000 and over	1,865
$100,000 to $124,999	855
$125,000 to $149,999	445
$150,000 and over	560
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,865
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,595
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,890
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,220
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,600
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,865
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,500
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,620
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,880
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,215
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,550
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	20,825
0 to 17 years	3,750
0 to 5 years	1,170
18 to 64 years	11,915
65 years and over	5,160
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,160
0 to 17 years	575
0 to 5 years	200
18 to 64 years	1,785
65 years and over	805
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.4
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	15.0
65 years and over (%)	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	20,825
0 to 17 years	3,745
0 to 5 years	1,175
18 to 64 years	11,915
65 years and over	5,165
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	900
0 to 17 years	85
0 to 5 years	35
18 to 64 years	755
65 years and over	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3
65 years and over (%)	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	20,825
In bottom half of the distribution	13,105
In bottom decile	2,710
In second decile	2,935
In third decile	2,800
In fourth decile	2,560
In fifth decile	2,100
In top half of the distribution	7,715
In sixth decile	1,920
In seventh decile	1,875
In eighth decile	1,560
In ninth decile	1,295
In top decile	1,060
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	20,825
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.477
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,225
English only	19,760
French only	5
English and French	1,410
Neither English nor French	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,225
English	20,985
French	175
English and French	20
Neither English nor French	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,225
Single responses	20,955
Official languages	19,960
English	19,760
French	200
Non-official languages	995
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	990
Afro-Asiatic languages	135
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	135
Amharic	0
Arabic	110
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	35
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	5
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	55
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	15
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	615
Albanian	5
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	95
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	85
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	205
Frisian	0
High German languages	105
German	105
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	195
Indo-Aryan languages	180
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	45
Hindi	30
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	15
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	10
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	15
Romanian	10
Spanish	50
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	5
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60
Chinese languages	65
Hakka	0
Mandarin	30
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	5
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	25
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	270
English and French	90
English and non-official language(s)	160
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,225
English	20,080
French	25
Non-official language	200
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	200
English and French	210
English and non-official language(s)	660
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30
Multiple non-official languages	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,225
Single responses	21,040
Official languages	20,635
English	20,605
French	30
Non-official languages	405
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	400
Afro-Asiatic languages	80
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	80
Amharic	0
Arabic	60
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	10
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	40
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	5
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	180
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	20
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	10
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	5
German	5
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	110
Indo-Aryan languages	100
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	25
Hindi	20
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	5
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	5
Romanian	5
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50
Chinese languages	50
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	185
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	155
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,225
None	20,470
English	150
French	175
Non-official language	350
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	330
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	20,820
Official languages	20,770
English	20,770
French	1,360
Non-official languages	1,395
Indigenous languages³⁹	20
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10
Mi'kmaq	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,380
Afro-Asiatic languages	180
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	180
Amharic	0
Arabic	155
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	25
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	30
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	50
Kannada	0
Malayalam	20
Tamil	25
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	885
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	90
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	25
Russian	35
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	30
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	275
Frisian	0
High German languages	190
German	190
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90
Afrikaans	10
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	25
Indo-Iranian languages	260
Indo-Aryan languages	240
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	60
Hindi	130
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	20
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	20
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	255
Catalan	0
Italian	50
Portuguese	15
Romanian	0
Spanish	190
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	45
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110
Chinese languages	110
Hakka	0
Mandarin	90
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	10
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,820
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	870
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	845
First Nations (North American Indian)	495
Métis	350
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10
Non-Indigenous identity	19,955
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	20,820
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	255
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	20,565
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,895
Owner	5,735
Renter	4,155
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,895
Condominium	570
Not condominium	9,325
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,895
No bedrooms	85
1 bedroom	1,800
2 bedrooms	2,635
3 bedrooms	3,425
4 or more bedrooms	1,950
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,895
1 to 4 rooms	2,950
5 rooms	1,510
6 rooms	1,480
7 rooms	1,320
8 or more rooms	2,640
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,895
One person or fewer per room	9,855
More than one person per room	45
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,895
Suitable	9,545
Not suitable	345
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,895
1960 or before	4,315
1961 to 1980	2,845
1981 to 1990	1,190
1991 to 2000	635
2001 to 2005	230
2006 to 2010	240
2011 to 2015	210
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	230
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,895
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,235
Major repairs needed	655
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,895
One-maintainer household	5,775
Two-maintainer household	3,850
Three-or-more-maintainer household	270
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,895
15 to 24 years	245
25 to 34 years	1,330
35 to 44 years	1,395
45 to 54 years	1,360
55 to 64 years	2,010
65 to 74 years	1,835
75 to 84 years	1,200
85 years and over	510
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,865
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,475
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,395
30% to less than 100%	2,235
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,895
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,090
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,140
Not suitable only	250
Major repairs needed only	415
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	6,805
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,710
In core need	1,105
Not in core need	8,605
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,740
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.1
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,178
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	447,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,160
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.2
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.5
% in core housing need⁶³	21.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	976
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	20,825
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	330
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	320
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	235
Métis single ancestry	85
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	915
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	915
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,575
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	20,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,240
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,585
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,660
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	585
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	20,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,080
Immigrants⁸¹	1,620
Before 1980	680
1980 to 1990	195
1991 to 2000	190
2001 to 2010	220
2011 to 2021⁸²	345
2011 to 2015	60
2016 to 2021	280
Non-permanent residents⁸³	125
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,620
Under 5 years	255
5 to 14 years	340
15 to 24 years	285
25 to 44 years	665
45 years and over	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,620
Americas	205
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Mexico	20
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	95
Other places of birth in Americas	45
Europe	850
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	0
Germany	70
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	15
Netherlands	70
Poland	25
Portugal	0
Romania	15
Russian Federation	10
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480
Other places of birth in Europe	110
Africa	70
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	15
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	30
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	470
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	70
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	30
Taiwan	0
Philippines	40
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	115
Pakistan	15
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	280
Americas	45
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	10
Mexico	15
United States of America	20
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10
Europe	30
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	10
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	40
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	20
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	165
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	30
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	0
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	20,820
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,935
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,380
Third generation or more¹⁰²	16,510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	940
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	460
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	280
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	305
Refugees¹⁰⁸	180
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	940
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	740
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	20,820
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,200
South Asian	345
Chinese	115
Black	275
Filipino	40
Arab	140
Latin American	45
Southeast Asian	25
West Asian	10
Korean	50
Japanese	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55
Multiple visible minorities	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	19,620
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	20,820
Canadian	3,790
English	7,015
Irish	5,830
Scottish	6,630
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,500
German	3,190
Chinese	140
Italian	460
Indian (India)	270
Ukrainian	365
Dutch	955
Polish	420
Québécois	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,005
Filipino	40
French Canadian	235
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	590
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315
Métis	435
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	345
Russian	140
Norwegian	170
Welsh	600
Portuguese	55
American	195
Spanish	185
Swedish	100
Hungarian	175
Acadian	35
Pakistani	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60
Jewish	75
Punjabi	30
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85
Greek	85
Jamaican	50
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50
Korean	55
Romanian	50
Lebanese	40
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80
Danish	105
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	165
Sikh	0
Austrian	75
Belgian	60
Haitian	0
Hindu	30
Mexican	10
Mennonite	40
Swiss	140
Finnish	75
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	35
Japanese	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30
Muslim	0
Egyptian	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	15
Icelandic	0
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	15
Syrian	0
Guyanese	55
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15
Serbian	50
Ojibway	125
Newfoundlander	25
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	145
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25
Turkish	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	30
Slovak	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	45
South African	10
Australian	25
Palestinian	0
Chilean	10
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	15
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	25
Macedonian	10
Slovenian	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50
New Brunswicker	20
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	25
African Canadian	15
Israeli	0
Mohawk	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	35
African American	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	25
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	20
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	55
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	50
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	50
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	20,825
Buddhist	30
Christian	10,325
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,525
Anabaptist	30
Anglican	985
Baptist	450
Catholic	2,725
Christian Orthodox	80
Jehovah's Witness	65
Latter Day Saints	70
Lutheran	405
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	225
Presbyterian	795
Reformed	75
United Church	1,960
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	740
Hindu	125
Jewish	105
Muslim	235
Sikh	60
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	175
No religion and secular perspectives	9,750
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	20,680
Non-movers	18,060
Movers	2,620
Non-migrants	1,630
Migrants	995
Internal migrants	945
Intraprovincial migrants	905
Interprovincial migrants	35
External migrants	50
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	19,880
Non-movers	11,630
Movers	8,250
Non-migrants	3,395
Migrants	4,855
Internal migrants	4,580
Intraprovincial migrants	4,360
Interprovincial migrants	220
External migrants	275
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,745
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,065
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,475
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,685
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	8,790
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,740
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,635
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,605
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,500
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,625
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,000
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	450
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	550
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	225
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,875
Bachelor's degree	1,950
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115
Master's degree	560
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,475
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,520
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,270
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,685
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,710
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	520
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	195
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,080
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,970
Bachelor's degree	1,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	120
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75
Master's degree	380
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,740
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,245
Education	495
13. Education	495
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	440
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40
50. Visual and performing arts	400
Humanities	495
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20
23. English language and literature/letters	120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	110
54. History	75
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	925
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280
22. Legal professions and studies	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30
42. Psychology	135
45. Social sciences	285
Business, management and public administration	1,430
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,230
Physical and life sciences and technologies	290
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	195
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	120
25. Library science	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,310
04. Architecture and related services	45
14. Engineering	130
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	335
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	335
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	250
48. Precision production	220
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140
03. Natural resources and conservation	65
Health and related fields	1,980
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,780
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	730
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	235
49. Transportation and materials moving	120
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,795
Education	255
13. Education	255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15
50. Visual and performing arts	260
Humanities	270
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10
23. English language and literature/letters	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	55
54. History	50
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	685
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225
22. Legal professions and studies	100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25
42. Psychology	95
45. Social sciences	190
Business, management and public administration	1,020
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	850
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110
25. Library science	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	825
04. Architecture and related services	35
14. Engineering	80
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	210
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	250
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	145
48. Precision production	105
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	45
Health and related fields	1,370
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,220
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	505
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	190
49. Transportation and materials moving	90
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,680
Location of study inside Canada	5,215
Same as province or territory of residence	4,935
Different than province or territory of residence	280
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	470
Americas	145
United States of America	125
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10
Europe	105
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	10
Netherlands	10
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15
Africa	10
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	180
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	15
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	15
Philippines	20
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	85
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10
Oceania	30
Australia	30
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,740
In the labour force	9,785
Employed	8,695
Unemployed	1,090
Not in the labour force	7,950
Participation rate	55.2
Employment rate	49.0
Unemployment rate	11.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,740
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,720
Worked	10,020
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,745
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,270
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	9,790
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,600
Employee	8,355
Permanent position	7,130
Temporary position	1,225
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	855
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,250
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	9,790
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,600
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	45
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,225
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	390
3 Health occupations	1,120
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,140
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	220
6 Sales and service occupations	2,990
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,820
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	150
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	500
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	9,790
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190
All industries¹⁹¹	9,600
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	105
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45
22 Utilities	150
23 Construction	800
31-33 Manufacturing	790
41 Wholesale trade	165
44-45 Retail trade	1,785
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	375
51 Information and cultural industries	95
52 Finance and insurance	200
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	150
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	350
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	400
61 Educational services	560
62 Health care and social assistance	1,980
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	225
72 Accommodation and food services	725
81 Other services (except public administration)	345
91 Public administration	350
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	10,740
English	10,535
French	35
Non-official language	25
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	10,740
Single responses	10,720
Official languages	10,695
English	10,635
French	50
Non-official languages	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	15
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	10,740
None	10,605
English	25
French	70
Non-official language	25
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	25
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,695
Worked at home	1,050
Worked outside Canada	20
No fixed workplace address	1,040
Usual place of work	6,590
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,590
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,525
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,290
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	760
Commute to a different province or territory	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,625
Car, truck or van	6,715
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,005
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710
Public transit	135
Walked	580
Bicycle	70
Other method	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,625
Less than 15 minutes	4,645
15 to 29 minutes	1,500
30 to 44 minutes	785
45 to 59 minutes	250
60 minutes and over	455
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,625
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	400
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,295
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,965
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,695
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	940
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,820
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	315
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,500
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,785
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	235
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,550

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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