Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	New Tecumseth, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	43,948	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	34,242	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	28.3	...	...	28.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	16,249	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	15,854	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	160.5	...	...	160.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	273.87	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	43,945	21,625	22,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,395	4,240	4,155	19.1	19.6	18.6
0 to 4 years	3,020	1,515	1,505	6.9	7.0	6.7
5 to 9 years	2,765	1,380	1,385	6.3	6.4	6.2
10 to 14 years	2,605	1,345	1,260	5.9	6.2	5.6
15 to 64 years	27,670	13,810	13,860	63.0	63.9	62.1
15 to 19 years	2,315	1,150	1,165	5.3	5.3	5.2
20 to 24 years	2,115	1,165	955	4.8	5.4	4.3
25 to 29 years	2,450	1,250	1,190	5.6	5.8	5.3
30 to 34 years	3,420	1,655	1,770	7.8	7.7	7.9
35 to 39 years	3,525	1,775	1,745	8.0	8.2	7.8
40 to 44 years	2,780	1,380	1,395	6.3	6.4	6.2
45 to 49 years	2,625	1,285	1,340	6.0	5.9	6.0
50 to 54 years	2,700	1,330	1,365	6.1	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	3,040	1,490	1,555	6.9	6.9	7.0
60 to 64 years	2,715	1,325	1,390	6.2	6.1	6.2
65 years and over	7,880	3,575	4,305	17.9	16.5	19.3
65 to 69 years	2,195	1,040	1,160	5.0	4.8	5.2
70 to 74 years	2,110	955	1,155	4.8	4.4	5.2
75 to 79 years	1,550	705	845	3.5	3.3	3.8
80 to 84 years	1,080	505	570	2.5	2.3	2.6
85 years and over	950	370	575	2.2	1.7	2.6
85 to 89 years	630	260	375	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	245	95	150	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.1	19.6	18.6	19.1	19.6	18.6
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.9	62.1	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	17.9	16.5	19.3	17.9	16.5	19.3
85 years and over	2.2	1.7	2.6	2.2	1.7	2.6
Average age of the population	40.6	39.7	41.4	40.6	39.7	41.4
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.4	39.6	38.8	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,225	...	...	70.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,445	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	520	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,385	...	...	8.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,145	...	...	19.8	...	...
2 persons	5,260	...	...	33.2	...	...
3 persons	2,805	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	2,840	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,810	...	...	11.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	35,555	17,385	18,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	22,310	11,145	11,165	62.7	64.1	61.5
Married	18,465	9,240	9,225	51.9	53.1	50.8
Living common-law	3,845	1,910	1,935	10.8	11.0	10.7
Living common law - Never married	2,615	1,305	1,310	7.4	7.5	7.2
Living common law - Separated	250	130	120	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	845	410	435	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	13,245	6,240	7,005	37.3	35.9	38.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,385	4,675	3,710	23.6	26.9	20.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,055	440	615	3.0	2.5	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,855	720	1,135	5.2	4.1	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,950	405	1,545	5.5	2.3	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,965	...	...	46.5	...	...
3 persons	2,885	...	...	22.5	...	...
4 persons	2,850	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,135	...	...	8.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,965	...	...	85.4	...	...
Married couples	9,040	...	...	70.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,165	...	...	40.2	...	...
Without children	3,880	...	...	30.2	...	...
Common-law couples	1,920	...	...	15.0	...	...
With children⁶	900	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	1,025	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,870	...	...	14.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,445	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	425	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	38,030	18,865	19,160	87.5	87.9	87.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,930	10,945	10,985	50.5	51.0	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,870	425	1,445	4.3	2.0	6.6
Children⁶	14,225	7,495	6,730	32.7	34.9	30.6
In a two-parent family	11,215	5,865	5,355	25.8	27.3	24.3
In a one-parent family	3,015	1,635	1,375	6.9	7.6	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,430	2,585	2,850	12.5	12.1	12.9
Living alone	3,140	1,400	1,745	7.2	6.5	7.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,125	485	640	2.6	2.3	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,165	700	465	2.7	3.3	2.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,755	...	...	67.8	...	...
Couple-family households	9,470	...	...	59.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,250	...	...	33.1	...	...
Without children	4,225	...	...	26.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,285	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	750	...	...	4.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	135	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	610	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	455	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	3,140	...	...	19.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	35,075	17,215	17,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,940	16,670	17,270	96.8	96.8	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,400	38,800	45,600	54,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985	16,695	17,290	96.9	97.0	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	35,200	40,800	47,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,825	15,565	15,255	87.9	90.4	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,800	30,000	39,600	50,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,440	13,390	12,055	72.5	77.8	67.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,000	32,800	42,000	52,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,695	14,795	15,900	87.5	85.9	89.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	6,120	11,500	8,900	6,120	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,680	1,525	2,160	10.5	8.9	12.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,720	6,080	6,000	5,720	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,180	4,915	5,265	29.0	28.6	29.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,550	8,000	8,000	6,550	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	35,095	17,210	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,020	16,640	17,380	96.9	96.7	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,550	61,900	45,560	53,550	61,900	45,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,030	16,650	17,380	97.0	96.7	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	51,120	39,320	45,080	51,120	39,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,860	15,550	15,315	87.9	90.4	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,520	57,800	39,120	48,520	57,800	39,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,440	13,375	12,065	72.5	77.7	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	57,200	40,280	49,200	57,200	40,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,605	14,655	15,950	87.2	85.2	89.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	8,970	12,100	10,600	8,970	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,570	1,510	2,060	10.2	8.8	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,235	7,510	6,970	6,235	7,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,170	5,010	5,160	29.0	29.1	28.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,350	8,000	8,700	8,350	8,000	8,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	35,095	17,210	17,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	13,015	7,565	5,455	37.1	44.0	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	73,500	57,600	66,500	73,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,700	78,700	62,000	71,700	78,700	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,340	4,235	5,105	26.6	24.6	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	23,200	16,800	19,200	23,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,240	33,120	24,180	28,240	33,120	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	87.2	75.6	82.2	87.2	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	74.4	61.4	68.6	74.4	61.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	12.8	24.4	17.8	12.8	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.0	1.4	0.9	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.7	5.3	4.2	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.7	4.7	3.9	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	35,080	17,220	17,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,135	545	590	3.2	3.2	3.3
With total income	33,945	16,670	17,270	96.8	96.8	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,360	930	1,435	7.0	5.6	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,700	1,425	2,270	10.9	8.5	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,670	1,855	2,815	13.8	11.1	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,085	1,645	2,440	12.0	9.9	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,775	1,705	2,070	11.1	10.2	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	1,660	1,795	10.2	10.0	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,790	1,470	1,325	8.2	8.8	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,320	1,395	925	6.8	8.4	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,770	1,130	635	5.2	6.8	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365	900	470	4.0	5.4	2.7
$100,000 and over	3,650	2,560	1,090	10.8	15.4	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,800	1,910	890	8.2	11.5	5.2
$150,000 and over	850	650	205	2.5	3.9	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	35,080	17,220	17,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,095	525	575	3.1	3.0	3.2
With after-tax income	33,980	16,695	17,285	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,540	985	1,550	7.5	5.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,875	1,495	2,385	11.4	9.0	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	5,350	2,160	3,195	15.7	12.9	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,845	2,065	2,785	14.3	12.4	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,730	2,270	2,465	13.9	13.6	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,765	1,965	1,795	11.1	11.8	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,970	1,785	1,190	8.7	10.7	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,090	1,385	705	6.2	8.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,520	960	560	4.5	5.8	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	885	595	290	2.6	3.6	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,405	1,035	365	4.1	6.2	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	805	600	205	2.4	3.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	600	435	160	1.8	2.6	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	35,080	17,220	17,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,635	3,830	5,810	27.5	22.2	32.5
With employment income	25,440	13,385	12,055	72.5	77.7	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,255	1,500	1,755	12.8	11.2	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	1,905	775	1,135	7.5	5.8	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,815	1,185	1,630	11.1	8.9	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,140	975	1,160	8.4	7.3	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,180	975	1,200	8.6	7.3	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	2,260	1,035	1,225	8.9	7.7	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,145	1,140	1,005	8.4	8.5	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,830	1,045	785	7.2	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,640	1,055	580	6.4	7.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,335	900	435	5.2	6.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,110	720	385	4.4	5.4	3.2
$100,000 and over	2,835	2,085	750	11.1	15.6	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,630	1,150	480	6.4	8.6	4.0
$125,000 and over	1,205	935	265	4.7	7.0	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	35,075	17,215	17,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,430	16,395	17,040	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,600	36,800	44,400	53,600	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,440	16,390	17,045	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,400	33,600	39,600	46,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,590	15,410	15,175	87.2	89.5	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	52,000	32,400	41,600	52,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,495	13,380	12,115	72.7	77.7	67.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,200	35,600	43,600	53,200	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,970	13,865	15,105	82.6	80.5	84.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,040	900	6,450	3,040	900	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,915	1,180	1,735	8.3	6.9	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,560	6,600	6,080	5,560	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	35,095	17,210	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,500	16,305	17,195	95.5	94.7	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,750	61,000	43,040	51,750	61,000	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,515	16,305	17,205	95.5	94.7	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,280	49,720	37,160	43,280	49,720	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,595	15,325	15,270	87.2	89.0	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	59,550	39,640	49,600	59,550	39,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,490	13,330	12,155	72.6	77.5	68.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,120	58,900	40,440	50,120	58,900	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,885	13,630	15,255	82.3	79.2	85.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490	6,035	8,790	7,490	6,035	8,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,970	1,225	1,740	8.5	7.1	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	6,380	8,930	7,880	6,380	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	35,095	17,210	17,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	12,920	7,520	5,400	36.8	43.7	30.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	71,000	54,400	63,200	71,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	77,800	58,200	69,600	77,800	58,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,780	3,990	4,790	25.0	23.2	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	33,200	22,200	26,200	33,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,920	39,600	29,240	33,920	39,600	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	91.8	81.8	87.6	91.8	81.8
Employment income (%)	73.6	79.0	66.4	73.6	79.0	66.4
Government transfers (%)	12.5	8.3	18.1	12.5	8.3	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.8	2.1	1.4	0.8	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,900	...	...	114,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,150	...	...	59,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,680	...	...	49,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	260	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	365	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	435	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	430	...	...	2.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	945	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	990	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,000	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,400	...	...	53.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,460	...	...	15.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,075	...	...	13.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,220	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,645	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	285	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	425	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	345	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	445	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	540	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	505	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,180	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,235	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,290	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,305	...	...	8.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,270	...	...	8.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,670	...	...	42.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,740	...	...	17.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,705	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,225	...	...	14.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,310	2,100	2,205	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	51,200	42,400	46,000	51,200	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,400	38,400	40,800	44,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,500	...	...	107,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,200	...	...	111,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,200	...	...	148,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,700	...	...	124,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,275	1,995	2,280	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,900	58,650	51,650	54,900	58,650	51,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	48,600	44,480	46,400	48,600	44,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,460	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,825	4,945	4,880	22.6	23.1	22.2
0 to 5 years	3,590	1,805	1,780	8.3	8.4	8.1
18 to 64 years	26,140	13,050	13,090	60.1	60.8	59.5
65 years and over	7,500	3,455	4,045	17.3	16.1	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,430	1,100	1,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	680	330	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	145	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,265	605	660	...	...	...
65 years and over	490	170	320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.6	5.1	6.0	5.6	5.1	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.9	6.6	7.2	6.9	6.6	7.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.7	7.9	7.5	7.7	7.9	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.6	5.0	4.8	4.6	5.0
65 years and over (%)	6.5	4.9	7.9	6.5	4.9	7.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,825	4,945	4,875	22.6	23.1	22.1
0 to 5 years	3,585	1,805	1,785	8.2	8.4	8.1
18 to 64 years	26,135	13,050	13,090	60.1	60.8	59.5
65 years and over	7,495	3,455	4,040	17.2	16.1	18.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	755	410	340	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	150	80	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	535	300	235	...	...	...
65 years and over	70	30	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.7	1.9	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
18 to 64 years (%)	2.1	2.3	1.8	2.1	2.3	1.8
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	18,175	8,725	9,450	41.8	40.7	42.9
In bottom decile	2,185	1,070	1,115	5.0	5.0	5.1
In second decile	3,190	1,440	1,750	7.3	6.7	7.9
In third decile	3,750	1,775	1,980	8.6	8.3	9.0
In fourth decile	4,190	2,075	2,115	9.6	9.7	9.6
In fifth decile	4,865	2,370	2,495	11.2	11.0	11.3
In top half of the distribution	25,285	12,725	12,565	58.2	59.3	57.1
In sixth decile	5,155	2,540	2,615	11.9	11.8	11.9
In seventh decile	5,340	2,670	2,675	12.3	12.4	12.2
In eighth decile	5,835	2,915	2,920	13.4	13.6	13.3
In ninth decile	5,290	2,715	2,575	12.2	12.7	11.7
In top decile	3,660	1,880	1,780	8.4	8.8	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,460	...	...	43,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.370	...	...	0.370	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239	...	...	0.239	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,620	21,510	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	41,175	20,475	20,700	94.4	95.2	93.6
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,030	890	1,145	4.7	4.1	5.2
Neither English nor French	400	145	255	0.9	0.7	1.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,620	21,510	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,755	21,155	21,600	98.0	98.3	97.7
French	410	195	210	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	385	130	250	0.9	0.6	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,620	21,510	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,245	20,835	21,410	96.8	96.9	96.8
Official languages	35,355	17,440	17,915	81.1	81.1	81.0
English	34,905	17,225	17,680	80.0	80.1	80.0
French	450	215	240	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	6,890	3,395	3,490	15.8	15.8	15.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,890	3,395	3,490	15.8	15.8	15.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	290	285	1.3	1.3	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	570	285	285	1.3	1.3	1.3
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	95	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	360	170	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	315	150	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	85	155	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	75	135	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	195	190	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	340	170	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,895	2,455	2,445	11.2	11.4	11.1
Albanian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	870	405	465	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	850	395	455	1.9	1.8	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Polish	365	165	195	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	260	130	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	465	215	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	135	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	290	135	150	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	990	525	465	2.3	2.4	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	795	425	370	1.8	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	430	235	190	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,445	1,255	1,195	5.6	5.8	5.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,010	530	480	2.3	2.5	2.2
Portuguese	520	270	250	1.2	1.3	1.1
Romanian	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	840	410	430	1.9	1.9	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	150	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,380	680	700	3.2	3.2	3.2
English and French	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	565	565	2.6	2.6	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,620	21,510	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,585	18,065	18,520	83.9	84.0	83.8
French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,440	700	745	3.3	3.3	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,440	700	745	3.3	3.3	3.4
English and French	310	145	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,975	2,455	2,525	11.4	11.4	11.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,620	21,510	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,640	21,045	21,595	97.8	97.8	97.7
Official languages	39,555	19,520	20,040	90.7	90.7	90.6
English	39,480	19,480	20,000	90.5	90.6	90.5
French	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,080	1,525	1,555	7.1	7.1	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,080	1,525	1,555	7.1	7.1	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	175	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	355	175	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	255	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	225	100	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	270	135	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	230	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,925	960	970	4.4	4.5	4.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	380	185	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	375	180	190	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	700	370	330	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	570	310	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	145	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	785	380	400	1.8	1.8	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	155	75	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	205	215	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	980	470	515	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	900	440	460	2.1	2.0	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,620	21,515	22,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,905	19,180	19,725	89.2	89.1	89.2
English	1,360	685	675	3.1	3.2	3.1
French	245	125	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	2,620	1,275	1,340	6.0	5.9	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,615	1,275	1,335	6.0	5.9	6.0
English and French	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	175	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	225	115	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,465	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	43,040	21,310	21,730	99.0	99.3	98.7
English	43,040	21,310	21,730	99.0	99.3	98.7
French	1,935	835	1,100	4.5	3.9	5.0
Non-official languages	9,725	4,945	4,775	22.4	23.1	21.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,720	4,945	4,775	22.4	23.1	21.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	930	485	445	2.1	2.3	2.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	925	485	435	2.1	2.3	2.0
Amharic	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	550	290	260	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	495	280	215	1.1	1.3	1.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	385	220	165	0.9	1.0	0.7
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	180	190	0.8	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	315	155	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	330	145	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	140	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dravidian languages	445	240	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	415	225	185	1.0	1.0	0.8
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,955	3,570	3,385	16.0	16.6	15.4
Albanian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	1,045	485	560	2.4	2.3	2.5
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,030	480	545	2.4	2.2	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	470	205	265	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian	340	170	170	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	595	260	335	1.4	1.2	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	400	185	215	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	400	185	215	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dutch	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	1,370	775	595	3.2	3.6	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,090	620	470	2.5	2.9	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	395	210	185	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	640	370	275	1.5	1.7	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	315	190	130	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	330	190	140	0.8	0.9	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	260	150	115	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dari	185	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,815	1,965	1,845	8.8	9.2	8.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,660	885	770	3.8	4.1	3.5
Portuguese	940	480	460	2.2	2.2	2.1
Romanian	135	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,280	635	650	2.9	3.0	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	240	125	115	0.6	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	110	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	250	110	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,465	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	730	320	410	1.7	1.5	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	680	300	380	1.6	1.4	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	425	170	255	1.0	0.8	1.2
Métis	235	130	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	42,735	21,130	21,600	98.3	98.5	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,465	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,245	21,345	21,900	99.5	99.5	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,300	...	...	83.9	...	...
Renter	2,555	...	...	16.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,335	...	...	14.7	...	...
Not condominium	13,520	...	...	85.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	855	...	...	5.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,710	...	...	17.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,010	...	...	44.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,240	...	...	33.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,190	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,210	...	...	13.9	...	...
6 rooms	2,950	...	...	18.6	...	...
7 rooms	2,870	...	...	18.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,625	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,610	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	245	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,270	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	585	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,745	...	...	11.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,340	...	...	21.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,855	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,120	...	...	13.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	945	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,200	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,830	...	...	11.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,830	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	15,265	...	...	96.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	590	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,455	...	...	40.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,575	...	...	54.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	825	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	130	...	...	0.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,100	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,070	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,960	...	...	18.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,175	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,290	...	...	14.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,575	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	545	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,185	...	...	77.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,565	...	...	22.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,325	...	...	21.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,855	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,390	...	...	27.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,245	...	...	20.5	...	...
Not suitable only	415	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	395	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,465	...	...	72.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,795	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	13,715	...	...	88.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.0	...	...	66.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.7	...	...	19.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,786	...	...	1,786	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	803,000	...	...	803,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,550	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.9	...	...	37.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.4	...	...	29.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,460	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	255	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230	120	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	200	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Métis single ancestry	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	895	360	540	2.1	1.7	2.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	890	360	530	2.0	1.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	630	225	405	1.4	1.0	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	130	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,310	20,970	21,340	97.4	97.8	97.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,605	20,520	21,085	95.7	95.7	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,640	4,905	4,735	22.2	22.9	21.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	31,965	15,615	16,350	73.6	72.8	74.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,850	930	925	4.3	4.3	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	34,825	17,140	17,680	80.1	79.9	80.3
Immigrants⁸¹	8,400	4,160	4,245	19.3	19.4	19.3
Before 1980	2,495	1,255	1,245	5.7	5.9	5.7
1980 to 1990	1,270	620	645	2.9	2.9	2.9
1991 to 2000	1,570	745	820	3.6	3.5	3.7
2001 to 2010	1,710	855	860	3.9	4.0	3.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,350	680	670	3.1	3.2	3.0
2011 to 2015	725	355	365	1.7	1.7	1.7
2016 to 2021	625	320	305	1.4	1.5	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	240	150	90	0.6	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,400	4,160	4,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	935	475	465	11.1	11.4	11.0
5 to 14 years	1,875	990	890	22.3	23.8	21.0
15 to 24 years	2,120	1,050	1,070	25.2	25.2	25.2
25 to 44 years	2,995	1,435	1,560	35.7	34.5	36.7
45 years and over	470	205	265	5.6	4.9	6.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,400	4,160	4,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,685	775	910	20.1	18.6	21.4
Brazil	60	30	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	55	20	35	0.7	0.5	0.8
El Salvador	55	35	20	0.7	0.8	0.5
Guyana	175	75	100	2.1	1.8	2.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	430	165	270	5.1	4.0	6.4
Mexico	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Peru	75	30	40	0.9	0.7	0.9
Trinidad and Tobago	110	60	55	1.3	1.4	1.3
United States of America	205	85	120	2.4	2.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Americas	495	265	225	5.9	6.4	5.3
Europe	3,500	1,730	1,765	41.7	41.6	41.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
France	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Germany	190	90	100	2.3	2.2	2.4
Greece	60	30	25	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italy	555	280	275	6.6	6.7	6.5
Netherlands	80	40	35	1.0	1.0	0.8
Poland	310	130	175	3.7	3.1	4.1
Portugal	365	210	155	4.3	5.0	3.7
Romania	130	60	70	1.5	1.4	1.6
Russian Federation	120	60	60	1.4	1.4	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	95	40	50	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,105	540	565	13.2	13.0	13.3
Other places of birth in Europe	375	175	200	4.5	4.2	4.7
Africa	305	135	165	3.6	3.2	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	95	40	60	1.1	1.0	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	125	70	50	1.5	1.7	1.2
Asia	2,895	1,510	1,390	34.5	36.3	32.7
Afghanistan	155	95	65	1.8	2.3	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	85	55	30	1.0	1.3	0.7
Iraq	480	270	205	5.7	6.5	4.8
Lebanon	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	85	45	40	1.0	1.1	0.9
Turkey	60	45	10	0.7	1.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	95	40	55	1.1	1.0	1.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	95	40	50	1.1	1.0	1.2
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	285	130	160	3.4	3.1	3.8
Viet Nam	225	105	120	2.7	2.5	2.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	520	255	270	6.2	6.1	6.4
Pakistan	165	80	85	2.0	1.9	2.0
Sri Lanka	250	125	120	3.0	3.0	2.8
Other places of birth in Asia	310	170	145	3.7	4.1	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	625	320	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	55	60	18.4	17.2	19.4
Brazil	15	0	15	2.4	0.0	4.8
Colombia	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	10	10	3.2	3.1	3.2
Mexico	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	10	15	3.2	3.1	4.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	20	15	4.8	6.3	4.8
Europe	105	65	40	16.8	20.3	12.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	3.2	6.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	35	9.6	6.3	11.3
Africa	20	10	10	3.2	3.1	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Asia	385	195	195	61.6	60.9	62.9
Afghanistan	30	10	15	4.8	3.1	4.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	30	50	12.8	9.4	16.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	35	25	9.6	10.9	8.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	10	15	4.0	3.1	4.8
Philippines	50	20	30	8.0	6.3	9.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	40	20	9.6	12.5	6.5
Turkey	10	10	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	3.2
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	10	3.2	4.7	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,465	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,945	4,450	4,495	20.6	20.7	20.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,075	5,580	5,495	25.5	26.0	25.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,440	11,410	12,025	53.9	53.2	54.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,905	2,905	3,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,000	1,025	975	33.9	35.3	32.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	850	525	330	14.4	18.1	11.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,150	505	650	19.5	17.4	21.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,250	965	1,280	38.1	33.2	42.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,490	820	665	25.2	28.2	22.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	165	95	75	2.8	3.3	2.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,905	2,905	3,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	550	330	220	9.3	11.4	7.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	535	290	245	9.1	10.0	8.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	90	25	60	1.5	0.9	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	75	125	3.2	2.6	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	25	25	0.8	0.9	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,490	2,160	2,330	76.0	74.4	77.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,465	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,865	3,985	3,880	18.1	18.6	17.6
South Asian	1,935	1,025	910	4.5	4.8	4.1
Chinese	265	115	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	1,660	830	835	3.8	3.9	3.8
Filipino	450	180	265	1.0	0.8	1.2
Arab	595	325	270	1.4	1.5	1.2
Latin American	985	520	465	2.3	2.4	2.1
Southeast Asian	520	260	265	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	495	260	235	1.1	1.2	1.1
Korean	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	170	205	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	350	185	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,595	17,465	18,130	81.9	81.4	82.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,460	21,450	22,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,825	3,375	3,450	15.7	15.7	15.7
English	9,975	4,770	5,205	23.0	22.2	23.6
Irish	8,620	4,095	4,525	19.8	19.1	20.6
Scottish	7,355	3,515	3,840	16.9	16.4	17.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,260	1,075	1,185	5.2	5.0	5.4
German	3,295	1,595	1,700	7.6	7.4	7.7
Chinese	400	180	215	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italian	6,130	3,105	3,025	14.1	14.5	13.7
Indian (India)	1,000	520	485	2.3	2.4	2.2
Ukrainian	1,130	615	515	2.6	2.9	2.3
Dutch	1,680	780	900	3.9	3.6	4.1
Polish	1,650	805	840	3.8	3.8	3.8
Québécois	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,925	940	985	4.4	4.4	4.5
Filipino	435	170	265	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	495	200	290	1.1	0.9	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	610	325	285	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315	95	220	0.7	0.4	1.0
Métis	305	150	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	550	270	280	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	470	270	200	1.1	1.3	0.9
Norwegian	155	70	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	740	355	385	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	1,725	870	855	4.0	4.1	3.9
American	430	205	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	435	210	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	185	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	360	195	165	0.8	0.9	0.7
Acadian	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	215	120	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	280	140	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	230	105	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	220	115	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	345	170	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	380	185	200	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jamaican	650	315	330	1.5	1.5	1.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	235	130	105	0.5	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	105	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Danish	180	80	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	225	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	170	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	275	120	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	175	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Finnish	120	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	255	130	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatian	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	90	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	75	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	215	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Tamil	260	145	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Icelandic	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Colombian	115	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Moroccan	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	315	145	170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afghan	250	150	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	75	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	205	90	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	210	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	290	145	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkish	120	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigerian	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	130	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	385	230	155	0.9	1.1	0.7
Salvadorean	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	180	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquin	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lithuanian	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	100	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Yoruba	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	210	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Macedonian	150	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slovenian	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	55	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	70	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	95	30	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	145	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	140	85	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Estonian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,465	21,450	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	375	175	200	0.9	0.8	0.9
Christian	26,810	12,615	14,190	61.7	58.8	64.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,795	1,815	1,980	8.7	8.5	9.0
Anabaptist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,035	910	1,125	4.7	4.2	5.1
Baptist	535	265	270	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catholic	14,110	6,820	7,290	32.5	31.8	33.1
Christian Orthodox	615	295	315	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	205	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	260	115	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	670	290	375	1.5	1.4	1.7
Presbyterian	970	415	555	2.2	1.9	2.5
Reformed	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Church	2,415	1,005	1,410	5.6	4.7	6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	950	440	515	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hindu	770	400	375	1.8	1.9	1.7
Jewish	205	130	75	0.5	0.6	0.3
Muslim	1,010	540	465	2.3	2.5	2.1
Sikh	535	320	220	1.2	1.5	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	80	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	13,535	7,190	6,345	31.1	33.5	28.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,930	21,225	21,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	38,495	19,030	19,470	89.7	89.7	89.7
Movers	4,440	2,195	2,240	10.3	10.3	10.3
Non-migrants	1,530	810	725	3.6	3.8	3.3
Migrants	2,910	1,390	1,515	6.8	6.5	7.0
Internal migrants	2,840	1,340	1,495	6.6	6.3	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,770	1,310	1,455	6.5	6.2	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	65	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	40,485	19,960	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,380	11,005	11,375	55.3	55.1	55.4
Movers	18,105	8,950	9,150	44.7	44.8	44.6
Non-migrants	3,485	1,655	1,835	8.6	8.3	8.9
Migrants	14,620	7,295	7,320	36.1	36.5	35.7
Internal migrants	14,075	7,020	7,055	34.8	35.2	34.4
Intraprovincial migrants	13,755	6,850	6,905	34.0	34.3	33.6
Interprovincial migrants	320	170	155	0.8	0.9	0.8
External migrants	545	280	265	1.3	1.4	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,095	17,210	17,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,480	3,595	2,890	18.5	20.9	16.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,615	13,620	15,000	81.5	79.1	83.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,155	11,425	11,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,985	1,785	1,205	12.9	15.6	10.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,165	9,645	10,520	87.1	84.4	89.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,095	17,210	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,785	3,170	2,620	16.5	18.4	14.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,655	5,810	5,850	33.2	33.8	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,650	8,240	9,415	50.3	47.9	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,430	5,705	5,725	32.6	33.1	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,490	1,900	590	7.1	11.0	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	975	590	390	2.8	3.4	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,515	1,320	195	4.3	7.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,300	3,570	4,725	23.7	20.7	26.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	640	230	410	1.8	1.3	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,225	2,530	3,695	17.7	14.7	20.7
Bachelor's degree	4,705	1,875	2,830	13.4	10.9	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	195	250	1.2	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	935	395	540	2.7	2.3	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,150	11,425	11,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,530	1,515	1,020	10.9	13.3	8.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,210	3,770	3,445	31.1	33.0	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,410	6,145	7,260	57.9	53.8	61.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,645	4,340	4,305	37.3	38.0	36.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,795	1,355	445	7.8	11.9	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	695	410	285	3.0	3.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,100	945	155	4.8	8.3	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,415	2,835	3,585	27.7	24.8	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	435	155	285	1.9	1.4	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,765	1,810	2,960	20.6	15.8	25.2
Bachelor's degree	3,650	1,370	2,285	15.8	12.0	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	125	165	1.3	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Master's degree	730	275	455	3.2	2.4	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,095	17,210	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,445	8,975	8,465	49.7	52.1	47.3
Education	1,220	240	980	3.5	1.4	5.5
13. Education	1,220	240	980	3.5	1.4	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	660	250	415	1.9	1.5	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	105	20	0.4	0.6	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	535	145	390	1.5	0.8	2.2
Humanities	795	275	525	2.3	1.6	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	0	75	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	230	55	180	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	55	135	0.5	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	60	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	140	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,330	505	1,825	6.6	2.9	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	95	120	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	620	30	590	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	405	80	325	1.2	0.5	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	380	65	315	1.1	0.4	1.8
45. Social sciences	625	215	415	1.8	1.2	2.3
Business, management and public administration	3,505	1,290	2,215	10.0	7.5	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	305	40	265	0.9	0.2	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,185	1,235	1,950	9.1	7.2	10.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	485	210	275	1.4	1.2	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	50	115	0.5	0.3	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	105	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	590	385	210	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460	325	130	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,190	3,900	290	11.9	22.7	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	655	535	115	1.9	3.1	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	940	845	95	2.7	4.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,025	1,020	0	2.9	5.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970	960	10	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	470	445	20	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	255	170	1.2	1.5	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	315	190	130	0.9	1.1	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	2,200	280	1,920	6.3	1.6	10.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	260	120	140	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,935	160	1,775	5.5	0.9	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,245	660	585	3.5	3.8	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	575	140	430	1.6	0.8	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	295	130	1.2	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	225	20	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,155	11,430	11,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,740	5,280	4,465	42.1	46.2	38.1
Education	785	145	635	3.4	1.3	5.4
13. Education	785	145	635	3.4	1.3	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	185	335	2.2	1.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	445	125	320	1.9	1.1	2.7
Humanities	580	190	390	2.5	1.7	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	170	30	135	0.7	0.3	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	155	40	115	0.7	0.3	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	50	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	85	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,855	390	1,465	8.0	3.4	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	80	110	0.8	0.7	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	25	465	2.1	0.2	4.0
22. Legal professions and studies	325	60	265	1.4	0.5	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	300	45	255	1.3	0.4	2.2
45. Social sciences	480	165	320	2.1	1.4	2.7
Business, management and public administration	2,725	985	1,740	11.8	8.6	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	35	215	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,460	935	1,525	10.6	8.2	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	360	130	230	1.6	1.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	30	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	50	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485	315	170	2.1	2.8	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	390	275	120	1.7	2.4	1.0
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,175	2,930	250	13.7	25.6	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	480	370	105	2.1	3.2	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	710	635	75	3.1	5.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	765	760	0	3.3	6.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	765	755	15	3.3	6.6	0.1
48. Precision production	350	330	20	1.5	2.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	310	175	135	1.3	1.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	130	100	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	1,615	200	1,415	7.0	1.7	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	90	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,415	110	1,305	6.1	1.0	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,000	500	495	4.3	4.4	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	100	350	1.9	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	245	120	1.6	2.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	180	160	20	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,155	11,430	11,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,740	5,280	4,465	42.1	46.2	38.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,410	6,150	7,265	57.9	53.8	62.0
Location of study inside Canada	11,855	5,375	6,480	51.2	47.0	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	11,340	5,125	6,220	49.0	44.8	53.0
Different than province or territory of residence	515	250	265	2.2	2.2	2.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,555	770	785	6.7	6.7	6.7
Americas	390	170	215	1.7	1.5	1.8
United States of America	220	90	130	1.0	0.8	1.1
Mexico	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Brazil	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Europe	470	275	195	2.0	2.4	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Poland	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	45	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	80	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	615	275	340	2.7	2.4	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	55	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	130	50	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	170	85	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oceania	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	35,095	17,210	17,885	...	...	...
In the labour force	23,255	12,390	10,870	...	...	...
Employed	21,025	11,470	9,550	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,230	915	1,315	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,840	4,825	7,015	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.3	72.0	60.8	66.3	72.0	60.8
Employment rate	59.9	66.6	53.4	59.9	66.6	53.4
Unemployment rate	9.6	7.4	12.1	9.6	7.4	12.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	35,095	17,210	17,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,850	4,905	6,950	33.8	28.5	38.9
Worked	23,240	12,310	10,940	66.2	71.5	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	13,365	7,780	5,585	38.1	45.2	31.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,875	4,525	5,345	28.1	26.3	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.6	41.0	42.4	43.6	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	23,255	12,385	10,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	145	240	1.6	1.2	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	22,870	12,240	10,625	98.3	98.8	97.7
Employee	19,650	10,305	9,345	84.5	83.2	86.0
Permanent position	17,195	9,105	8,090	73.9	73.5	74.4
Temporary position	2,460	1,195	1,260	10.6	9.6	11.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	770	395	370	3.3	3.2	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,690	800	890	7.3	6.5	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,220	1,940	1,280	13.8	15.7	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	23,255	12,385	10,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	145	240	1.6	1.2	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	22,870	12,240	10,625	98.3	98.8	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	160	65	0.9	1.3	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,695	955	2,740	15.9	7.7	25.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,435	1,125	310	6.2	9.1	2.9
3 Health occupations	1,220	150	1,065	5.2	1.2	9.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,315	595	1,720	10.0	4.8	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	520	195	325	2.2	1.6	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	5,090	2,025	3,065	21.9	16.4	28.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,695	5,145	550	24.5	41.5	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	585	410	175	2.5	3.3	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,095	1,480	615	9.0	11.9	5.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	23,255	12,385	10,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	145	240	1.6	1.2	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	22,870	12,240	10,625	98.3	98.8	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	350	205	150	1.5	1.7	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
22 Utilities	130	110	20	0.6	0.9	0.2
23 Construction	3,180	2,730	445	13.7	22.0	4.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,765	2,570	1,195	16.2	20.8	11.0
41 Wholesale trade	885	600	290	3.8	4.8	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,485	1,085	1,395	10.7	8.8	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,395	965	430	6.0	7.8	4.0
51 Information and cultural industries	300	160	140	1.3	1.3	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	630	200	430	2.7	1.6	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	435	205	230	1.9	1.7	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,190	620	570	5.1	5.0	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,130	575	555	4.9	4.6	5.1
61 Educational services	1,520	345	1,175	6.5	2.8	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	250	1,690	8.3	2.0	15.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	355	165	185	1.5	1.3	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	1,100	430	665	4.7	3.5	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	960	470	495	4.1	3.8	4.6
91 Public administration	1,015	505	515	4.4	4.1	4.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,705	13,090	11,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,020	12,770	11,255	97.2	97.6	96.9
French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	215	75	145	0.9	0.6	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	360	220	140	1.5	1.7	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,705	13,090	11,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,580	13,050	11,535	99.5	99.7	99.3
Official languages	24,410	12,950	11,465	98.8	98.9	98.7
English	24,365	12,940	11,420	98.6	98.9	98.3
French	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	165	95	75	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	95	75	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	115	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	125	45	80	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and French	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	85	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,705	13,090	11,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	24,220	12,840	11,380	98.0	98.1	98.0
English	115	65	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
French	150	55	100	0.6	0.4	0.9
Non-official language	185	110	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	185	110	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	21,025	11,470	9,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,410	1,855	2,560	21.0	16.2	26.8
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,645	2,850	800	17.3	24.8	8.4
Usual place of work	12,960	6,760	6,195	61.6	58.9	64.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,955	6,760	6,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,655	2,585	3,070	43.7	38.2	49.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,385	575	810	10.7	8.5	13.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,890	3,580	2,310	45.5	53.0	37.3
Commute to a different province or territory	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,605	9,605	7,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,595	9,160	6,435	93.9	95.4	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,570	8,645	5,925	87.7	90.0	84.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,025	515	505	6.2	5.4	7.2
Public transit	75	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Walked	605	270	335	3.6	2.8	4.8
Bicycle	60	55	10	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other method	265	95	170	1.6	1.0	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,605	9,605	7,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,560	2,160	2,400	27.5	22.5	34.3
15 to 29 minutes	2,845	1,390	1,460	17.1	14.5	20.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,105	1,715	1,390	18.7	17.9	19.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,575	1,800	775	15.5	18.7	11.1
60 minutes and over	3,515	2,540	970	21.2	26.4	13.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,605	9,605	7,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,480	1,950	535	14.9	20.3	7.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,735	2,550	1,185	22.5	26.5	16.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,475	1,805	1,670	20.9	18.8	23.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,465	915	1,550	14.8	9.5	22.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,515	535	980	9.1	5.6	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,935	1,855	1,075	17.7	19.3	15.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,955	5,025	4,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	600	295	305	6.0	5.9	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,355	4,730	4,630	94.0	94.1	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,735	3,410	3,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	435	215	220	6.5	6.3	6.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	105	110	3.2	3.1	3.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	225	110	110	3.3	3.2	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,295	3,190	3,105	93.5	93.5	93.4

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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