Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Springwater, Township (TP)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	21,701	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,059	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	7,845	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,516	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	40.5	...	...	40.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	535.85	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	21,700	10,915	10,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,905	1,995	1,910	18.0	18.3	17.7
0 to 4 years	1,060	530	535	4.9	4.9	5.0
5 to 9 years	1,315	670	645	6.1	6.1	6.0
10 to 14 years	1,530	800	735	7.1	7.3	6.8
15 to 64 years	14,150	7,120	7,035	65.2	65.2	65.2
15 to 19 years	1,480	765	720	6.8	7.0	6.7
20 to 24 years	1,160	630	535	5.3	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	915	480	440	4.2	4.4	4.1
30 to 34 years	1,120	555	575	5.2	5.1	5.3
35 to 39 years	1,300	625	670	6.0	5.7	6.2
40 to 44 years	1,560	755	805	7.2	6.9	7.5
45 to 49 years	1,555	800	755	7.2	7.3	7.0
50 to 54 years	1,575	765	810	7.3	7.0	7.5
55 to 59 years	1,780	895	890	8.2	8.2	8.3
60 to 64 years	1,695	860	835	7.8	7.9	7.7
65 years and over	3,645	1,805	1,840	16.8	16.5	17.1
65 to 69 years	1,335	685	655	6.2	6.3	6.1
70 to 74 years	1,055	525	530	4.9	4.8	4.9
75 to 79 years	625	310	310	2.9	2.8	2.9
80 to 84 years	380	180	200	1.8	1.6	1.9
85 years and over	245	100	145	1.1	0.9	1.3
85 to 89 years	160	70	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.3	17.7	18.0	18.3	17.7
15 to 64 years	65.2	65.2	65.2	65.2	65.2	65.2
65 years and over	16.8	16.5	17.1	16.8	16.5	17.1
85 years and over	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Average age of the population	41.2	40.8	41.6	41.2	40.8	41.6
Median age of the population	43.2	42.8	43.2	43.2	42.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,520	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,975	...	...	92.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
Row house	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	120	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	270	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,105	...	...	14.7	...	...
2 persons	2,650	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	1,275	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	1,580	...	...	21.0	...	...
5 or more persons	905	...	...	12.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	21,560	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,790	8,920	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,885	5,950	5,930	66.8	66.7	66.9
Married	10,220	5,120	5,095	57.4	57.4	57.4
Living common-law	1,665	825	840	9.4	9.2	9.5
Living common law - Never married	1,010	500	515	5.7	5.6	5.8
Living common law - Separated	105	60	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	475	245	230	2.7	2.7	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	5,910	2,975	2,940	33.2	33.4	33.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,085	2,270	1,815	23.0	25.4	20.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	400	205	195	2.2	2.3	2.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	700	325	375	3.9	3.6	4.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	725	170	550	4.1	1.9	6.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,990	...	...	45.8	...	...
3 persons	1,330	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	1,605	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 or more persons	605	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,865	...	...	89.8	...	...
Married couples	5,035	...	...	77.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,895	...	...	44.3	...	...
Without children	2,140	...	...	32.8	...	...
Common-law couples	835	...	...	12.8	...	...
With children⁶	365	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	470	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	660	...	...	10.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	450	...	...	6.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	210	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	21,560	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	19,585	9,895	9,690	90.8	91.3	90.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,730	5,855	5,875	54.4	54.0	54.8
Parents in one-parent families	660	210	455	3.1	1.9	4.2
Children⁶	7,190	3,830	3,365	33.3	35.3	31.4
In a two-parent family	6,160	3,230	2,925	28.6	29.8	27.3
In a one-parent family	1,030	595	440	4.8	5.5	4.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,975	945	1,035	9.2	8.7	9.7
Living alone	1,105	535	570	5.1	4.9	5.3
Living with other relatives⁷	440	175	265	2.0	1.6	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	430	235	195	2.0	2.2	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,590	...	...	74.4	...	...
Couple-family households	5,130	...	...	68.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,865	...	...	38.1	...	...
Without children	2,260	...	...	30.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	465	...	...	6.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	370	...	...	4.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	65	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	155	...	...	2.1	...	...
One-person households	1,105	...	...	14.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,660	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,120	8,590	8,530	96.9	97.1	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	57,600	40,800	47,600	57,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,145	8,600	8,545	97.1	97.2	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	36,400	42,000	49,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,945	8,135	7,810	90.3	91.9	88.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	53,600	33,200	42,400	53,600	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,240	7,000	6,235	75.0	79.1	70.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,000	35,200	42,800	52,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,965	7,375	7,585	84.7	83.3	86.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,120	9,000	7,300	5,120	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,390	585	805	7.9	6.6	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,480	6,000	5,760	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,435	2,090	2,345	25.1	23.6	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,660	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,135	8,595	8,540	97.0	97.1	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,000	83,800	52,100	68,000	83,800	52,100
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,170	8,610	8,560	97.2	97.3	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	62,650	43,520	53,100	62,650	43,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,880	8,110	7,775	89.9	91.6	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,300	81,200	46,600	64,300	81,200	46,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,235	6,970	6,275	74.9	78.8	71.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,200	71,000	46,080	59,200	71,000	46,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,000	7,375	7,625	84.9	83.3	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,610	8,340	10,830	9,610	8,340	10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,510	530	975	8.6	6.0	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,380	6,200	8,020	7,380	6,200	8,020
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,560	2,125	2,430	25.8	24.0	27.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,730	8,130	9,250	8,730	8,130	9,250
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,515	3,875	2,640	36.9	43.8	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	81,000	65,500	74,500	81,000	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,400	99,300	74,800	89,400	99,300	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,270	2,375	2,890	29.8	26.8	32.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	20,000	16,200	17,800	20,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,440	39,880	26,320	32,440	39,880	26,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	91.4	81.4	87.6	91.4	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.2	68.8	65.0	67.2	68.8	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.4	8.5	18.6	12.4	8.5	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.8	1.0	0.5	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	2.6	5.9	3.9	2.6	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	2.4	5.1	3.4	2.4	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	540	260	280	3.1	2.9	3.2
With total income	17,120	8,585	8,535	96.9	97.0	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,460	635	825	8.5	7.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,895	810	1,085	11.1	9.4	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,180	940	1,240	12.7	10.9	14.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,790	720	1,070	10.5	8.4	12.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	725	905	9.5	8.4	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,390	625	770	8.1	7.3	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,220	645	575	7.1	7.5	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	585	445	6.0	6.8	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	825	485	335	4.8	5.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	710	390	325	4.1	4.5	3.8
$100,000 and over	2,980	2,030	955	17.4	23.6	11.2
$100,000 to $149,999	1,935	1,230	705	11.3	14.3	8.3
$150,000 and over	1,050	800	250	6.1	9.3	2.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	515	250	265	2.9	2.8	3.0
With after-tax income	17,145	8,600	8,545	97.1	97.2	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,595	675	915	9.3	7.8	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,970	845	1,130	11.5	9.8	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	2,450	1,065	1,385	14.3	12.4	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,125	905	1,225	12.4	10.5	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,950	865	1,080	11.4	10.1	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,610	840	765	9.4	9.8	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,315	740	575	7.7	8.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	990	565	420	5.8	6.6	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,025	555	470	6.0	6.5	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	560	375	185	3.3	4.4	2.2
$100,000 and over	1,565	1,165	395	9.1	13.5	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	760	545	215	4.4	6.3	2.5
$125,000 and over	800	625	180	4.7	7.3	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,425	1,850	2,575	25.0	20.9	29.2
With employment income	13,240	7,005	6,240	75.0	79.2	70.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,960	1,000	955	14.8	14.3	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,020	465	555	7.7	6.6	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,440	635	800	10.9	9.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	1,005	465	540	7.6	6.6	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	955	430	525	7.2	6.1	8.4
$40,000 to $49,999	980	415	565	7.4	5.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	855	425	435	6.5	6.1	7.0
$60,000 to $69,999	830	480	355	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	660	380	280	5.0	5.4	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	620	360	260	4.7	5.1	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	655	335	320	4.9	4.8	5.1
$100,000 and over	2,270	1,625	650	17.1	23.2	10.4
$100,000 to $124,999	985	620	365	7.4	8.9	5.8
$125,000 and over	1,280	1,005	280	9.7	14.3	4.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,660	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,800	8,405	8,395	95.1	95.0	95.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	58,400	38,800	47,200	58,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,815	8,405	8,410	95.2	95.0	95.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,000	34,800	41,200	50,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,780	8,010	7,775	89.4	90.5	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	56,000	35,200	44,000	56,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,260	6,960	6,305	75.1	78.6	71.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,800	36,800	44,000	54,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,960	6,890	7,065	79.0	77.9	80.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,000	820	4,280	2,000	820	4,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,160	445	715	6.6	5.0	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	5,640	6,080	5,920	5,640	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,660	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,790	8,395	8,395	95.1	94.9	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,100	78,300	49,880	64,100	78,300	49,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,820	8,400	8,420	95.2	94.9	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	60,400	41,400	50,880	60,400	41,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,785	8,040	7,750	89.4	90.8	87.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,400	76,900	47,360	62,400	76,900	47,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,320	6,980	6,335	75.4	78.9	71.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,750	73,400	46,840	60,750	73,400	46,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,850	6,830	7,020	78.4	77.2	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,785	7,390	6,600	5,785	7,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,205	395	810	6.8	4.5	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,080	7,400	8,400	8,080	7,400	8,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,475	3,860	2,610	36.7	43.6	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	61,600	72,500	79,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	86,700	97,200	71,100	86,700	97,200	71,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,055	2,275	2,785	28.6	25.7	31.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	27,800	23,000	24,200	27,800	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,200	50,000	30,360	39,200	50,000	30,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.0	87.6	91.6	94.0	87.6
Employment income (%)	75.2	78.0	70.8	75.2	78.0	70.8
Government transfers (%)	8.5	6.0	12.4	8.5	6.0	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.4	1.6	0.9	0.4	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,000	...	...	61,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,200	...	...	50,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	171,000	...	...	171,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...	133,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	135	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...	2.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	160	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	165	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...	2.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	345	...	...	4.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...	5.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	360	...	...	4.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	370	...	...	4.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	385	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,605	...	...	61.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	960	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	825	...	...	11.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,225	...	...	16.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,600	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	145	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	170	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	2.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	180	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	195	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	430	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	480	...	...	6.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	440	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	485	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,925	...	...	52.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,105	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	855	...	...	11.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,965	...	...	26.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,280	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,535	770	770	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	46,400	38,800	42,800	46,400	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	35,600	38,000	40,800	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	171,000	...	...	171,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	159,600	...	...	159,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	189,000	...	...	189,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	151,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,485	770	710	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,150	62,500	55,500	59,150	62,500	55,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,040	50,800	47,200	49,040	50,800	47,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	21,565	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,800	2,475	2,330	22.3	22.8	21.7
0 to 5 years	1,300	645	660	6.0	6.0	6.2
18 to 64 years	13,180	6,585	6,590	61.1	60.7	61.4
65 years and over	3,580	1,775	1,805	16.6	16.4	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,175	585	590	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	245	135	110	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	30	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	660	325	335	...	...	...
65 years and over	270	120	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.5	4.7	5.2	5.5	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.4	5.6	5.0	4.4	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0
65 years and over (%)	7.6	6.9	8.2	7.6	6.9	8.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,560	10,835	10,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,805	2,475	2,325	22.3	22.8	21.7
0 to 5 years	1,305	640	660	6.1	5.9	6.2
18 to 64 years	13,180	6,585	6,590	61.1	60.8	61.5
65 years and over	3,580	1,775	1,805	16.6	16.4	16.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	385	205	175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	45	40	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	15	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	250	135	120	...	...	...
65 years and over	45	25	25	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.7
0 to 17 years (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	1.9	2.0	1.8	1.9	2.0	1.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	21,565	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,830	3,395	3,430	31.7	31.3	32.0
In bottom decile	1,035	525	510	4.8	4.8	4.8
In second decile	1,090	515	575	5.1	4.8	5.4
In third decile	1,295	630	670	6.0	5.8	6.2
In fourth decile	1,625	820	815	7.5	7.6	7.6
In fifth decile	1,770	905	870	8.2	8.3	8.1
In top half of the distribution	14,735	7,440	7,295	68.3	68.6	68.0
In sixth decile	2,120	1,075	1,045	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	2,395	1,165	1,225	11.1	10.7	11.4
In eighth decile	2,950	1,525	1,430	13.7	14.1	13.3
In ninth decile	3,460	1,765	1,695	16.0	16.3	15.8
In top decile	3,810	1,910	1,900	17.7	17.6	17.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	21,560	...	...	21,560	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.403	...	...	0.403	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.281	...	...	0.281	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	19,955	10,180	9,780	92.3	93.5	91.0
French only	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,565	650	915	7.2	6.0	8.5
Neither English nor French	90	50	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,145	10,655	10,485	97.8	97.9	97.6
French	350	155	200	1.6	1.4	1.9
English and French	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,250	10,700	10,545	98.3	98.3	98.1
Official languages	19,590	9,895	9,695	90.6	90.9	90.2
English	19,235	9,740	9,490	88.9	89.5	88.3
French	355	155	200	1.6	1.4	1.9
Non-official languages	1,655	805	855	7.7	7.4	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,655	805	855	7.7	7.4	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,285	650	640	5.9	6.0	6.0
Albanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	445	210	235	2.1	1.9	2.2
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	435	205	230	2.0	1.9	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	75	85	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian	165	80	85	0.8	0.7	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	280	140	135	1.3	1.3	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	145	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	180	95	85	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	120	65	55	0.6	0.6	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	185	155	1.6	1.7	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	100	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romanian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	105	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	130	55	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	380	180	200	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	130	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	210	100	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,810	10,035	9,775	91.6	92.2	91.0
French	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	300	150	145	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	300	150	145	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	335	140	195	1.5	1.3	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,060	495	565	4.9	4.5	5.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,360	10,760	10,605	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	20,790	10,465	10,325	96.1	96.1	96.1
English	20,670	10,410	10,260	95.6	95.6	95.5
French	115	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	575	295	280	2.7	2.7	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	575	295	280	2.7	2.7	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	200	170	1.7	1.8	1.6
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	85	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	100	55	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	55	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	40	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	260	120	140	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	210	100	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	21,625	10,885	10,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,410	10,335	10,080	94.4	94.9	93.8
English	265	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
French	245	100	145	1.1	0.9	1.3
Non-official language	595	270	325	2.8	2.5	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	595	270	325	2.8	2.5	3.0
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	21,565	10,835	10,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	21,455	10,795	10,660	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	21,450	10,795	10,655	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	1,560	690	875	7.2	6.4	8.2
Non-official languages	2,285	1,030	1,255	10.6	9.5	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,285	1,030	1,255	10.6	9.5	11.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	25	25	0.3	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,770	835	935	8.2	7.7	8.7
Albanian	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	595	310	290	2.8	2.9	2.7
Baltic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	585	300	285	2.7	2.8	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	190	105	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Russian	295	150	140	1.4	1.4	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	170	200	1.7	1.6	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	220	105	115	1.0	1.0	1.1
German	215	100	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	245	100	145	1.1	0.9	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	180	75	105	0.8	0.7	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dari	45	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	525	265	265	2.4	2.4	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	200	115	85	0.9	1.1	0.8
Portuguese	140	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	185	95	90	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	140	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,565	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	550	300	250	2.6	2.8	2.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	545	300	250	2.5	2.8	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	210	115	90	1.0	1.1	0.8
Métis	315	160	150	1.5	1.5	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	21,010	10,535	10,475	97.4	97.2	97.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	21,565	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	85	55	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,480	10,780	10,695	99.6	99.5	99.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,735	...	...	89.6	...	...
Renter	775	...	...	10.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	100	...	...	1.3	...	...
Not condominium	7,420	...	...	98.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	215	...	...	2.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	765	...	...	10.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,730	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,780	...	...	50.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	515	...	...	6.9	...	...
5 rooms	715	...	...	9.5	...	...
6 rooms	925	...	...	12.3	...	...
7 rooms	1,070	...	...	14.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,295	...	...	57.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,485	...	...	99.6	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,340	...	...	97.7	...	...
Not suitable	170	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,275	...	...	17.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,610	...	...	21.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,300	...	...	17.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	950	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	550	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	530	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	395	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	900	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,160	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	355	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,710	...	...	36.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,495	...	...	59.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	310	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	720	...	...	9.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,330	...	...	17.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,620	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,920	...	...	25.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,200	...	...	16.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	560	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	135	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,150	...	...	83.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,195	...	...	16.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,060	...	...	14.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,580	...	...	21.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,070	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not suitable only	140	...	...	1.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	220	...	...	2.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,940	...	...	79.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	510	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	6,700	...	...	92.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,580	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.8	...	...	62.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,828	...	...	1,828	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	850,000	...	...	850,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	941,000	...	...	941,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	770	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.1	...	...	43.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.9	...	...	28.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,384	...	...	1,384	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	21,560	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	160	95	65	0.7	0.9	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	160	95	65	0.7	0.9	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Métis single ancestry	95	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	700	340	360	3.2	3.1	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	695	340	355	3.2	3.1	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	385	170	215	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	150	140	1.3	1.4	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,700	10,405	10,300	96.0	96.0	96.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	21,560	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,140	10,655	10,490	98.1	98.3	97.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,860	2,515	2,350	22.5	23.2	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,280	8,145	8,140	75.5	75.1	75.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	420	185	235	1.9	1.7	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	21,560	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,285	9,775	9,510	89.4	90.2	88.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,235	1,040	1,200	10.4	9.6	11.2
Before 1980	835	390	440	3.9	3.6	4.1
1980 to 1990	345	175	165	1.6	1.6	1.5
1991 to 2000	365	160	200	1.7	1.5	1.9
2001 to 2010	455	210	240	2.1	1.9	2.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	240	95	145	1.1	0.9	1.4
2011 to 2015	160	60	105	0.7	0.6	1.0
2016 to 2021	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,235	1,040	1,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	395	215	180	17.7	20.7	15.0
5 to 14 years	470	215	255	21.0	20.7	21.3
15 to 24 years	465	190	270	20.8	18.3	22.5
25 to 44 years	775	360	420	34.7	34.6	35.0
45 years and over	130	55	75	5.8	5.3	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,235	1,040	1,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	340	165	175	15.2	15.9	14.6
Brazil	35	20	15	1.6	1.9	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	30	15	15	1.3	1.4	1.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	20	1.6	1.9	1.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	10	0	0.4	1.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.8
United States of America	170	70	100	7.6	6.7	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	25	20	0	1.1	1.9	0.0
Europe	1,355	660	690	60.6	63.5	57.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.7
Germany	100	50	50	4.5	4.8	4.2
Greece	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Hungary	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.3
Italy	85	60	25	3.8	5.8	2.1
Netherlands	75	35	45	3.4	3.4	3.8
Poland	135	75	55	6.0	7.2	4.6
Portugal	45	25	20	2.0	2.4	1.7
Romania	35	15	25	1.6	1.4	2.1
Russian Federation	100	55	45	4.5	5.3	3.8
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ukraine	50	20	30	2.2	1.9	2.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	455	205	250	20.4	19.7	20.8
Other places of birth in Europe	185	100	85	8.3	9.6	7.1
Africa	90	45	40	4.0	4.3	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	25	15	2.0	2.4	1.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	15	1.1	1.4	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	10	0.4	1.0	0.8
Asia	440	160	280	19.7	15.4	23.3
Afghanistan	30	15	15	1.3	1.4	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	1.1	1.4	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	20	35	2.5	1.9	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.9	1.0	1.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	10	40	2.0	1.0	3.3
Viet Nam	50	20	35	2.2	1.9	2.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	35	50	3.8	3.4	4.2
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	20	55	3.6	1.9	4.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	80	35	45	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	10	0	12.5	28.6	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	10	20	31.3	28.6	44.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	25.0	28.6	22.2
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	45	15	30	56.3	42.9	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	12.5	0.0	22.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	31.3	42.9	22.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	21,565	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,440	1,135	1,300	11.3	10.5	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,800	1,945	1,865	17.6	18.0	17.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,315	7,760	7,555	71.0	71.6	70.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,405	650	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	755	370	385	53.7	56.9	51.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	200	75	19.9	30.8	9.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	475	170	305	33.8	26.2	40.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	475	190	285	33.8	29.2	37.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	85	80	11.7	13.1	10.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,405	650	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	30	40	4.6	4.6	5.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	140	60	80	10.0	9.2	10.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	20	30	3.6	3.1	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	25	10	2.1	3.8	1.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	1.1	1.5	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,105	515	590	78.6	79.2	78.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	21,565	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,195	535	660	5.5	4.9	6.2
South Asian	245	110	135	1.1	1.0	1.3
Chinese	145	60	95	0.7	0.6	0.9
Black	185	85	100	0.9	0.8	0.9
Filipino	80	20	60	0.4	0.2	0.6
Arab	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	95	60	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Southeast Asian	140	60	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
West Asian	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	90	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,370	10,300	10,070	94.5	95.1	93.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	21,560	10,840	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,830	1,900	1,930	17.8	17.5	18.0
English	6,595	3,410	3,190	30.6	31.5	29.7
Irish	5,690	2,770	2,930	26.4	25.6	27.3
Scottish	5,565	2,850	2,715	25.8	26.3	25.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,860	920	940	8.6	8.5	8.8
German	2,220	1,085	1,135	10.3	10.0	10.6
Chinese	210	95	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italian	1,450	735	715	6.7	6.8	6.7
Indian (India)	155	60	95	0.7	0.6	0.9
Ukrainian	795	375	425	3.7	3.5	4.0
Dutch	1,600	780	825	7.4	7.2	7.7
Polish	760	380	380	3.5	3.5	3.5
Québécois	110	80	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,050	490	560	4.9	4.5	5.2
Filipino	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
French Canadian	295	145	150	1.4	1.3	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	400	215	180	1.9	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	185	110	80	0.9	1.0	0.7
Métis	390	210	185	1.8	1.9	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	340	195	150	1.6	1.8	1.4
Russian	350	180	170	1.6	1.7	1.6
Norwegian	155	75	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	480	235	240	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	215	115	95	1.0	1.1	0.9
American	310	130	180	1.4	1.2	1.7
Spanish	110	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.7
Swedish	170	90	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hungarian	240	85	155	1.1	0.8	1.4
Acadian	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	55	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jewish	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	190	60	130	0.9	0.6	1.2
Jamaican	85	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iranian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
Danish	110	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	215	110	100	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belgian	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Finnish	205	85	115	1.0	0.8	1.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombian	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Syrian	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyanese	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Afghan	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Newfoundlander	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	110	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Persian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Australian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Maltese	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	110	60	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
Slovenian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	95	60	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	21,565	10,835	10,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	45	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
Christian	12,435	6,025	6,410	57.7	55.6	59.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,695	845	845	7.9	7.8	7.9
Anabaptist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,275	625	645	5.9	5.8	6.0
Baptist	395	185	205	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catholic	4,860	2,370	2,495	22.5	21.9	23.3
Christian Orthodox	275	125	150	1.3	1.2	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	165	105	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	185	85	100	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	605	270	335	2.8	2.5	3.1
Reformed	205	95	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
United Church	2,060	970	1,085	9.6	9.0	10.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	625	310	315	2.9	2.9	2.9
Hindu	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	110	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	195	85	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	8,595	4,595	4,000	39.9	42.4	37.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,390	10,770	10,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,535	9,805	9,730	91.3	91.0	91.6
Movers	1,855	965	890	8.7	9.0	8.4
Non-migrants	510	255	255	2.4	2.4	2.4
Migrants	1,350	710	635	6.3	6.6	6.0
Internal migrants	1,340	700	635	6.3	6.5	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,320	690	625	6.2	6.4	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,445	10,305	10,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,565	6,385	6,180	61.5	62.0	61.0
Movers	7,880	3,925	3,955	38.5	38.1	39.0
Non-migrants	1,145	540	605	5.6	5.2	6.0
Migrants	6,735	3,380	3,360	32.9	32.8	33.2
Internal migrants	6,660	3,340	3,315	32.6	32.4	32.7
Intraprovincial migrants	6,510	3,270	3,240	31.8	31.7	32.0
Interprovincial migrants	150	70	80	0.7	0.7	0.8
External migrants	80	35	35	0.4	0.3	0.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,665	8,850	8,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,785	1,595	1,185	15.8	18.0	13.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,880	7,255	7,625	84.2	82.0	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,450	5,690	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	905	575	330	7.9	10.1	5.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,545	5,115	5,430	92.1	89.9	94.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,660	8,850	8,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,525	1,400	1,125	14.3	15.8	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,970	2,645	2,330	28.1	29.9	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,165	4,805	5,360	57.6	54.3	60.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,190	3,200	2,995	35.1	36.2	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,300	1,020	280	7.4	11.5	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	490	325	165	2.8	3.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	805	690	120	4.6	7.8	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,525	1,990	2,530	25.6	22.5	28.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	370	195	175	2.1	2.2	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,975	1,605	2,370	22.5	18.1	26.9
Bachelor's degree	2,835	1,115	1,720	16.1	12.6	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	335	130	205	1.9	1.5	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	110	80	1.0	1.2	0.9
Master's degree	600	255	340	3.4	2.9	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,450	5,690	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	775	475	295	6.8	8.3	5.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,790	1,590	1,200	24.4	27.9	20.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,890	3,625	4,265	68.9	63.7	74.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,755	2,405	2,350	41.5	42.3	40.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	880	670	210	7.7	11.8	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	215	125	3.0	3.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	540	455	85	4.7	8.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,605	1,600	2,000	31.5	28.1	34.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	135	135	2.4	2.4	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,135	1,225	1,915	27.4	21.5	33.2
Bachelor's degree	2,185	845	1,345	19.1	14.9	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	95	175	2.4	1.7	3.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	70	70	1.2	1.2	1.2
Master's degree	510	220	295	4.5	3.9	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,660	8,850	8,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,495	4,045	3,455	42.4	45.7	39.2
Education	705	190	510	4.0	2.1	5.8
13. Education	705	190	510	4.0	2.1	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	260	90	175	1.5	1.0	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	225	70	155	1.3	0.8	1.8
Humanities	440	155	280	2.5	1.8	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	115	25	85	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	20	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
54. History	90	55	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,410	355	1,060	8.0	4.0	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	35	85	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	290	10	280	1.6	0.1	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	265	25	240	1.5	0.3	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	295	75	215	1.7	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	405	190	215	2.3	2.1	2.4
Business, management and public administration	1,760	720	1,040	10.0	8.1	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	20	145	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,595	700	895	9.0	7.9	10.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	155	165	1.8	1.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	65	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	30	50	0.5	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	155	70	1.2	1.8	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	125	30	0.9	1.4	0.3
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,065	1,935	135	11.7	21.9	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	45	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	265	225	40	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	520	450	65	2.9	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	550	550	0	3.1	6.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	435	430	10	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	255	250	0	1.4	2.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	340	230	110	1.9	2.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	170	85	1.4	1.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	60	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	1,800	355	1,440	10.2	4.0	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	90	145	1.3	1.0	1.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475	215	1,265	8.4	2.4	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	825	460	365	4.7	5.2	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	345	105	245	2.0	1.2	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	215	100	1.8	2.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	140	15	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,450	5,685	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,560	2,065	1,495	31.1	36.3	26.0
Education	555	145	405	4.8	2.6	7.0
13. Education	555	145	405	4.8	2.6	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	65	140	1.8	1.1	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	185	55	130	1.6	1.0	2.3
Humanities	330	125	205	2.9	2.2	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	30	45	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
54. History	65	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,135	270	865	9.9	4.7	15.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	70	0.8	0.5	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	235	0	230	2.1	0.0	4.0
22. Legal professions and studies	220	20	200	1.9	0.4	3.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	220	60	160	1.9	1.1	2.8
45. Social sciences	320	145	175	2.8	2.6	3.0
Business, management and public administration	1,365	555	810	11.9	9.8	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	20	110	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,230	535	695	10.7	9.4	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	115	110	2.0	2.0	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	50	60	1.0	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	130	55	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	130	105	25	1.1	1.8	0.4
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,530	1,415	110	13.4	24.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	200	160	40	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400	350	50	3.5	6.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	415	415	0	3.6	7.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	295	0	2.6	5.2	0.0
48. Precision production	180	180	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	280	180	95	2.4	3.2	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	120	70	1.7	2.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	55	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	1,425	270	1,155	12.4	4.7	20.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	70	95	1.5	1.2	1.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,190	170	1,020	10.4	3.0	17.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	645	340	305	5.6	6.0	5.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	270	65	205	2.4	1.1	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	160	80	2.1	2.8	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	110	15	1.1	1.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,450	5,685	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,560	2,065	1,495	31.1	36.3	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,885	3,625	4,265	68.9	63.8	74.0
Location of study inside Canada	7,225	3,305	3,920	63.1	58.1	68.1
Same as province or territory of residence	6,850	3,125	3,725	59.8	55.0	64.7
Different than province or territory of residence	375	175	195	3.3	3.1	3.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	660	325	335	5.8	5.7	5.8
Americas	225	110	115	2.0	1.9	2.0
United States of America	190	95	95	1.7	1.7	1.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Europe	270	140	130	2.4	2.5	2.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romania	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	40	0.7	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Africa	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	105	45	60	0.9	0.8	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Oceania	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australia	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,660	8,850	8,815	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,150	6,520	5,630	...	...	...
Employed	10,940	6,010	4,930	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,210	515	695	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,510	2,330	3,180	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.8	73.7	63.9	68.8	73.7	63.9
Employment rate	61.9	67.9	55.9	61.9	67.9	55.9
Unemployment rate	10.0	7.9	12.3	10.0	7.9	12.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,660	8,850	8,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,375	2,295	3,080	30.4	25.9	35.0
Worked	12,290	6,555	5,735	69.6	74.1	65.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,680	3,990	2,690	37.8	45.1	30.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,605	2,565	3,040	31.7	29.0	34.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.8	40.2	41.6	42.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,150	6,525	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	80	100	1.5	1.2	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,970	6,440	5,525	98.5	98.7	98.1
Employee	9,465	4,810	4,650	77.9	73.7	82.6
Permanent position	8,020	4,150	3,865	66.0	63.6	68.7
Temporary position	1,450	660	790	11.9	10.1	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365	155	215	3.0	2.4	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,080	510	570	8.9	7.8	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,500	1,625	875	20.6	24.9	15.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,150	6,525	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	80	100	1.5	1.2	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,970	6,440	5,525	98.5	98.7	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	220	175	40	1.8	2.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,855	440	1,405	15.3	6.7	25.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	765	610	160	6.3	9.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,140	245	895	9.4	3.8	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,715	640	1,075	14.1	9.8	19.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	305	95	205	2.5	1.5	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	2,505	1,155	1,350	20.6	17.7	24.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,475	2,260	215	20.4	34.6	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	500	440	60	4.1	6.7	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	495	385	110	4.1	5.9	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,150	6,525	5,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	185	80	100	1.5	1.2	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	11,970	6,440	5,525	98.5	98.7	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	390	310	80	3.2	4.8	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	190	125	60	1.6	1.9	1.1
23 Construction	1,455	1,265	195	12.0	19.4	3.5
31-33 Manufacturing	945	740	205	7.8	11.3	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	420	305	115	3.5	4.7	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	1,270	645	630	10.5	9.9	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	550	415	130	4.5	6.4	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	140	80	55	1.2	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	300	160	135	2.5	2.5	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	250	115	140	2.1	1.8	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	740	390	350	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	370	195	175	3.0	3.0	3.1
61 Educational services	1,070	290	780	8.8	4.4	13.9
62 Health care and social assistance	1,615	270	1,345	13.3	4.1	23.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	325	130	195	2.7	2.0	3.5
72 Accommodation and food services	570	230	340	4.7	3.5	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	500	250	255	4.1	3.8	4.5
91 Public administration	840	505	335	6.9	7.7	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,980	6,920	6,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,675	6,790	5,890	97.7	98.1	97.2
French	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	140	60	85	1.1	0.9	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	95	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,980	6,920	6,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,950	6,915	6,035	99.8	99.9	99.6
Official languages	12,905	6,890	6,015	99.4	99.6	99.3
English	12,855	6,880	5,975	99.0	99.4	98.6
French	55	10	45	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,980	6,920	6,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,775	6,820	5,950	98.4	98.6	98.2
English	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
French	100	55	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,940	6,010	4,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,580	1,225	1,355	23.6	20.4	27.5
Worked outside Canada	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	1,675	1,285	395	15.3	21.4	8.0
Usual place of work	6,645	3,475	3,170	60.7	57.8	64.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,640	3,475	3,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,425	705	725	21.5	20.3	22.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,335	2,170	2,170	65.3	62.4	68.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	865	595	270	13.0	17.1	8.5
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,315	4,755	3,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,845	4,525	3,320	94.3	95.2	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,300	4,215	3,090	87.8	88.6	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	545	315	230	6.6	6.6	6.5
Public transit	45	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Walked	260	140	120	3.1	2.9	3.4
Bicycle	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other method	150	55	95	1.8	1.2	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,315	4,755	3,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,910	940	975	23.0	19.8	27.3
15 to 29 minutes	3,035	1,530	1,500	36.5	32.2	42.1
30 to 44 minutes	1,705	1,025	685	20.5	21.6	19.2
45 to 59 minutes	600	425	180	7.2	8.9	5.0
60 minutes and over	1,065	835	225	12.8	17.6	6.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,315	4,755	3,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	770	635	135	9.3	13.4	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,495	1,015	480	18.0	21.3	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,290	1,355	930	27.5	28.5	26.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,705	720	985	20.5	15.1	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	945	375	565	11.4	7.9	15.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,120	650	470	13.5	13.7	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,910	2,535	2,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	485	250	235	9.9	9.9	9.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,430	2,285	2,145	90.2	90.1	90.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,765	1,980	1,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	380	195	185	10.1	9.8	10.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	220	110	110	5.8	5.6	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	85	75	4.1	4.3	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,385	1,785	1,605	89.9	90.2	89.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 21, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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