Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Pembroke, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	14,364	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	13,882	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,888	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,542	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,002.8	...	...	1,002.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.32	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	14,365	6,730	7,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,025	1,010	1,015	14.1	15.0	13.3
0 to 4 years	685	325	365	4.8	4.8	4.8
5 to 9 years	650	320	325	4.5	4.8	4.3
10 to 14 years	690	365	325	4.8	5.4	4.3
15 to 64 years	8,525	4,150	4,380	59.3	61.7	57.3
15 to 19 years	665	335	330	4.6	5.0	4.3
20 to 24 years	795	410	385	5.5	6.1	5.0
25 to 29 years	985	510	480	6.9	7.6	6.3
30 to 34 years	925	480	450	6.4	7.1	5.9
35 to 39 years	855	430	425	6.0	6.4	5.6
40 to 44 years	710	330	380	4.9	4.9	5.0
45 to 49 years	680	320	365	4.7	4.8	4.8
50 to 54 years	750	340	405	5.2	5.1	5.3
55 to 59 years	1,055	485	570	7.3	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	1,105	510	595	7.7	7.6	7.8
65 years and over	3,815	1,570	2,240	26.6	23.3	29.3
65 to 69 years	980	460	515	6.8	6.8	6.7
70 to 74 years	890	415	475	6.2	6.2	6.2
75 to 79 years	680	285	395	4.7	4.2	5.2
80 to 84 years	540	210	330	3.8	3.1	4.3
85 years and over	725	195	525	5.0	2.9	6.9
85 to 89 years	415	125	290	2.9	1.9	3.8
90 to 94 years	210	55	160	1.5	0.8	2.1
95 to 99 years	80	15	70	0.6	0.2	0.9
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.0	13.3	14.1	15.0	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.3	61.7	57.3	59.3	61.7	57.3
65 years and over	26.6	23.3	29.3	26.6	23.3	29.3
85 years and over	5.0	2.9	6.9	5.0	2.9	6.9
Average age of the population	45.9	43.6	47.8	45.9	43.6	47.8
Median age of the population	46.4	42.8	50.0	46.4	42.8	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,780	...	...	57.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...	7.8	...	...
Row house	300	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,690	...	...	25.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,500	...	...	38.2	...	...
2 persons	2,315	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	870	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	545	...	...	8.3	...	...
5 or more persons	315	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	13,640	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	12,340	5,715	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	6,015	3,000	3,020	48.7	52.5	45.6
Married	4,535	2,265	2,275	36.8	39.6	34.4
Living common-law	1,480	740	745	12.0	12.9	11.3
Living common law - Never married	1,105	555	550	9.0	9.7	8.3
Living common law - Separated	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	255	125	130	2.1	2.2	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	6,320	2,715	3,605	51.2	47.5	54.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,525	1,890	1,635	28.6	33.1	24.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	480	165	320	3.9	2.9	4.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,020	395	625	8.3	6.9	9.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,295	265	1,035	10.5	4.6	15.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,335	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	790	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	485	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	225	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,920	...	...	76.1	...	...
Married couples	2,175	...	...	56.7	...	...
With children⁶	850	...	...	22.2	...	...
Without children	1,325	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	740	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	290	...	...	7.6	...	...
Without children	450	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	915	...	...	23.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	730	...	...	19.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	185	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	13,635	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	10,210	4,935	5,275	74.9	75.9	74.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,835	2,905	2,930	42.8	44.7	41.1
Parents in one-parent families	920	185	735	6.7	2.8	10.3
Children⁶	3,455	1,840	1,615	25.3	28.3	22.7
In a two-parent family	2,035	1,065	975	14.9	16.4	13.7
In a one-parent family	1,415	770	645	10.4	11.8	9.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,430	1,575	1,860	25.2	24.2	26.1
Living alone	2,505	1,095	1,405	18.4	16.8	19.7
Living with other relatives⁷	265	105	165	1.9	1.6	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	660	370	290	4.8	5.7	4.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,415	...	...	52.2	...	...
Couple-family households	2,675	...	...	40.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,040	...	...	15.9	...	...
Without children	1,635	...	...	25.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	745	...	...	11.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	210	...	...	3.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	280	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	2,505	...	...	38.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	11,610	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,255	5,305	5,955	96.9	96.5	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	34,000	36,800	41,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,260	5,305	5,955	97.0	96.5	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	31,600	34,000	37,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,270	4,445	4,820	79.8	80.9	78.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	38,800	25,000	31,200	38,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,970	3,520	3,450	60.0	64.1	56.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	27,600	33,600	39,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,500	4,885	5,615	90.4	88.9	91.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,100	13,800	12,800	11,100	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,070	510	565	9.2	9.3	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,740	1,230	1,500	23.6	22.4	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	11,610	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,275	5,335	5,935	97.1	97.1	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,080	39,920	45,200	51,080	39,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,275	5,335	5,940	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,120	43,360	35,320	39,120	43,360	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,330	4,465	4,865	80.4	81.3	79.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	48,400	32,640	40,200	48,400	32,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,970	3,505	3,465	60.0	63.8	56.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,560	34,120	40,400	46,560	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,565	4,950	5,610	91.0	90.1	91.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,740	11,410	13,920	12,740	11,410	13,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,055	515	540	9.1	9.4	8.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,440	7,000	6,720	6,440	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,805	1,265	1,550	24.2	23.0	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,500	8,900	9,170	9,500	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	11,610	5,490	6,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,115	1,745	1,365	26.8	31.8	22.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	61,600	49,200	54,800	61,600	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,350	66,000	55,400	61,350	66,000	55,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,790	1,195	1,590	24.0	21.8	26.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	19,000	14,900	16,200	19,000	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,520	28,300	21,660	24,520	28,300	21,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6	79.2	67.0	73.6	79.2	67.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.3	59.9	50.0	55.3	59.9	50.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.4	20.7	33.0	26.4	20.7	33.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.0	7.2	6.0	5.0	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.4	5.8	5.1	4.4	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	355	190	170	3.1	3.5	2.8
With total income	11,255	5,305	5,950	96.9	96.5	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	745	300	445	6.6	5.7	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,630	720	910	14.5	13.6	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,050	840	1,210	18.2	15.8	20.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710	685	1,020	15.2	12.9	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,340	605	735	11.9	11.4	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,070	525	545	9.5	9.9	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	860	480	380	7.6	9.0	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	580	375	205	5.2	7.1	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	350	195	155	3.1	3.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	265	170	95	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	650	400	250	5.8	7.5	4.2
$100,000 to $149,999	485	290	195	4.3	5.5	3.3
$150,000 and over	165	110	50	1.5	2.1	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	350	185	165	3.0	3.4	2.7
With after-tax income	11,260	5,305	5,955	96.9	96.5	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	795	310	480	7.1	5.8	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,685	745	940	15.0	14.0	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	2,300	935	1,365	20.4	17.6	22.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,970	840	1,125	17.5	15.8	18.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,495	720	775	13.3	13.6	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,150	615	540	10.2	11.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	720	430	290	6.4	8.1	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	450	270	180	4.0	5.1	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	270	155	115	2.4	2.9	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	145	85	60	1.3	1.6	1.0
$100,000 and over	290	200	90	2.6	3.8	1.5
$100,000 to $124,999	160	105	55	1.4	2.0	0.9
$125,000 and over	130	90	35	1.2	1.7	0.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,640	1,975	2,670	39.9	35.9	43.6
With employment income	6,970	3,525	3,450	60.0	64.1	56.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,020	455	565	14.6	12.9	16.4
$5,000 to $9,999	565	225	335	8.1	6.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	910	415	495	13.1	11.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	730	305	430	10.5	8.7	12.5
$30,000 to $39,999	780	375	405	11.2	10.6	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	690	345	345	9.9	9.8	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	565	310	255	8.1	8.8	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	505	315	195	7.2	8.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	350	250	105	5.0	7.1	3.0
$80,000 to $89,999	235	145	90	3.4	4.1	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	195	125	75	2.8	3.5	2.2
$100,000 and over	420	270	155	6.0	7.7	4.5
$100,000 to $124,999	240	135	105	3.4	3.8	3.0
$125,000 and over	185	135	55	2.7	3.8	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	11,610	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,175	5,260	5,915	96.3	95.7	96.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	30,200	34,000	39,200	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,185	5,260	5,925	96.3	95.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,600	28,400	31,400	35,600	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,280	4,460	4,820	79.9	81.2	78.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,800	26,400	31,800	38,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,170	3,615	3,555	61.8	65.8	58.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	28,200	33,200	38,800	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,185	4,740	5,445	87.7	86.3	89.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	5,600	10,100	8,500	5,600	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	955	450	505	8.2	8.2	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,600	5,160	5,320	5,600	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	11,610	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,185	5,300	5,890	96.3	96.5	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,960	48,600	37,920	42,960	48,600	37,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,200	5,300	5,900	96.5	96.5	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	40,080	31,960	35,800	40,080	31,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,325	4,485	4,840	80.3	81.6	79.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	48,320	34,040	40,920	48,320	34,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,200	3,610	3,595	62.0	65.7	58.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	45,160	34,120	39,640	45,160	34,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,180	4,760	5,420	87.7	86.6	88.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,740	8,580	10,760	9,740	8,580	10,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	935	410	515	8.1	7.5	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,300	6,080	6,480	6,300	6,080	6,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	11,610	5,490	6,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,100	1,745	1,355	26.7	31.8	22.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	57,200	45,600	50,000	57,200	45,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,400	61,850	51,650	57,400	61,850	51,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,685	1,165	1,525	23.1	21.2	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	24,800	20,000	21,800	24,800	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,080	33,500	27,440	30,080	33,500	27,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.4	84.2	73.8	79.4	84.2	73.8
Employment income (%)	59.4	63.2	55.0	59.4	63.2	55.0
Government transfers (%)	20.6	15.8	26.2	20.6	15.8	26.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	57,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,920	...	...	40,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,320	...	...	36,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	4.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	420	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	325	...	...	5.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	300	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	365	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	320	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	300	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	595	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	550	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	495	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	405	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	360	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,625	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	625	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	385	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	360	...	...	5.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	250	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	2.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	260	...	...	4.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	440	...	...	6.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	375	...	...	5.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	355	...	...	5.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	390	...	...	6.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	375	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	365	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	670	...	...	10.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	600	...	...	9.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	530	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	405	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	360	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,200	...	...	18.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	555	...	...	8.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	295	...	...	4.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	340	...	...	5.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,165	1,470	1,695	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	32,800	33,200	34,800	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,400	31,800	30,800	31,400	31,800	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,190	1,475	1,715	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	39,960	38,200	39,000	39,960	38,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,520	34,160	34,800	35,520	34,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	13,640	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,400	1,210	1,185	17.6	18.6	16.6
0 to 5 years	820	390	435	6.0	6.0	6.1
18 to 64 years	8,065	3,895	4,170	59.1	59.9	58.4
65 years and over	3,175	1,405	1,770	23.3	21.6	24.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,245	1,015	1,230	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	460	250	210	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	80	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,235	565	665	...	...	...
65 years and over	555	205	350	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.5	15.7	17.2	16.5	15.7	17.2
0 to 17 years (%)	19.3	20.6	18.0	19.3	20.6	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	21.0	20.8	20.8	21.0	20.8	20.8
18 to 64 years (%)	15.3	14.5	16.0	15.3	14.5	16.0
65 years and over (%)	17.5	14.6	19.7	17.5	14.6	19.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	13,635	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,395	1,210	1,190	17.6	18.6	16.7
0 to 5 years	825	390	430	6.1	6.0	6.0
18 to 64 years	8,065	3,890	4,175	59.1	59.8	58.6
65 years and over	3,175	1,400	1,775	23.3	21.5	24.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	605	320	285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	75	30	45	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	10	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	495	275	220	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	15	20	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.9	4.0	4.5	4.9	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	2.4	3.8	3.1	2.4	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	7.1	5.2	6.1	7.1	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	13,640	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	8,540	3,975	4,570	62.6	61.1	64.1
In bottom decile	2,005	940	1,065	14.7	14.5	14.9
In second decile	1,780	790	985	13.0	12.1	13.8
In third decile	1,795	810	980	13.2	12.5	13.7
In fourth decile	1,575	740	835	11.5	11.4	11.7
In fifth decile	1,390	690	700	10.2	10.6	9.8
In top half of the distribution	5,095	2,535	2,560	37.4	39.0	35.9
In sixth decile	1,390	685	705	10.2	10.5	9.9
In seventh decile	1,180	605	575	8.7	9.3	8.1
In eighth decile	1,000	490	510	7.3	7.5	7.1
In ninth decile	850	425	430	6.2	6.5	6.0
In top decile	680	335	345	5.0	5.1	4.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	13,635	...	...	13,635	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.486	...	...	0.486	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	13,930	6,600	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	11,950	5,765	6,185	85.8	87.3	84.4
French only	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
English and French	1,915	810	1,110	13.7	12.3	15.2
Neither English nor French	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	13,930	6,600	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,095	6,240	6,855	94.0	94.5	93.6
French	775	325	445	5.6	4.9	6.1
English and French	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	13,930	6,600	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,660	6,475	7,190	98.1	98.1	98.2
Official languages	13,195	6,270	6,925	94.7	95.0	94.5
English	12,365	5,910	6,460	88.8	89.5	88.2
French	830	360	470	6.0	5.5	6.4
Non-official languages	470	205	260	3.4	3.1	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	465	205	260	3.3	3.1	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	5	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	305	140	160	2.2	2.1	2.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	35	55	0.6	0.5	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
German	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	60	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	75	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	70	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	265	130	135	1.9	2.0	1.8
English and French	205	100	105	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	13,930	6,600	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,880	6,140	6,735	92.5	93.0	91.9
French	205	90	115	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-official language	85	30	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	30	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	445	195	250	3.2	3.0	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	275	125	145	2.0	1.9	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	13,930	6,600	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,785	6,545	7,245	99.0	99.2	98.9
Official languages	13,610	6,465	7,145	97.7	98.0	97.5
English	13,340	6,340	6,995	95.8	96.1	95.5
French	270	125	150	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-official languages	175	80	95	1.3	1.2	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	80	95	1.3	1.2	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	60	80	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and French	90	40	55	0.6	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	13,930	6,605	7,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,295	6,320	6,975	95.4	95.7	95.2
English	130	65	65	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	295	130	170	2.1	2.0	2.3
Non-official language	160	65	95	1.1	1.0	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	155	65	95	1.1	1.0	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	13,635	6,500	7,135	100.0	99.9	100.0
English	13,610	6,490	7,120	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	1,900	790	1,115	13.9	12.1	15.6
Non-official languages	670	300	370	4.9	4.6	5.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	670	300	365	4.9	4.6	5.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	480	240	250	3.5	3.7	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	130	55	75	1.0	0.8	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	50	0.7	0.5	0.7
German	90	35	50	0.7	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	110	60	50	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hindi	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	85	85	1.2	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	45	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,750	850	900	12.8	13.1	12.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,700	830	875	12.5	12.8	12.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	950	445	505	7.0	6.8	7.1
Métis	730	375	360	5.4	5.8	5.0
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	11,890	5,655	6,230	87.2	86.9	87.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	465	230	235	3.4	3.5	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	13,175	6,275	6,900	96.6	96.5	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,780	...	...	57.8	...	...
Renter	2,760	...	...	42.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Not condominium	6,365	...	...	97.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	975	...	...	14.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,060	...	...	31.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,190	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,280	...	...	19.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,860	...	...	28.4	...	...
5 rooms	1,185	...	...	18.1	...	...
6 rooms	980	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	870	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,640	...	...	25.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,505	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,320	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	220	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,115	...	...	47.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,680	...	...	25.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	575	...	...	8.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	560	...	...	8.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	140	...	...	2.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	185	...	...	2.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	155	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	130	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	5,990	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	550	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,980	...	...	60.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,360	...	...	36.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	200	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	250	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	990	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	920	...	...	14.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	865	...	...	13.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,275	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,160	...	...	17.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	765	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	315	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,075	...	...	77.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,450	...	...	22.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,360	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,965	...	...	30.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,230	...	...	18.8	...	...
Not suitable only	150	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	335	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,575	...	...	70.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	745	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	5,695	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,775	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.8	...	...	56.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,139	...	...	1,139	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	275,200	...	...	275,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,765	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.1	...	...	36.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	963	...	...	963	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	13,640	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	610	295	315	4.5	4.5	4.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	600	285	310	4.4	4.4	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	450	220	230	3.3	3.4	3.2
Métis single ancestry	150	70	80	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,425	650	770	10.4	10.0	10.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,360	640	725	10.0	9.8	10.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,080	510	570	7.9	7.8	8.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	250	105	145	1.8	1.6	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	11,605	5,555	6,045	85.1	85.4	84.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	13,640	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	13,460	6,450	7,010	98.7	99.2	98.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,365	1,195	1,170	17.3	18.4	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,095	5,255	5,840	81.3	80.8	81.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	175	55	120	1.3	0.8	1.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	13,640	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,970	6,220	6,755	95.1	95.6	94.7
Immigrants⁸¹	615	270	345	4.5	4.2	4.8
Before 1980	290	145	150	2.1	2.2	2.1
1980 to 1990	70	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
1991 to 2000	80	30	55	0.6	0.5	0.8
2001 to 2010	70	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	100	30	70	0.7	0.5	1.0
2011 to 2015	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
2016 to 2021	50	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	615	270	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	95	40	55	15.4	14.8	15.9
5 to 14 years	130	55	70	21.1	20.4	20.3
15 to 24 years	140	75	65	22.8	27.8	18.8
25 to 44 years	235	95	140	38.2	35.2	40.6
45 years and over	20	10	10	3.3	3.7	2.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	615	270	345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	135	60	70	22.0	22.2	20.3
Brazil	15	0	10	2.4	0.0	2.9
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	15	4.9	3.7	4.3
Mexico	10	0	10	1.6	0.0	2.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	70	35	40	11.4	13.0	11.6
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	285	130	160	46.3	48.1	46.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	10	15	4.1	3.7	4.3
Greece	15	10	0	2.4	3.7	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	15	20	5.7	5.6	5.8
Poland	10	10	0	1.6	3.7	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	65	85	23.6	24.1	24.6
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	4.1	3.7	4.3
Africa	15	10	10	2.4	3.7	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	1.6	0.0	0.0
Asia	170	65	100	27.6	24.1	29.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	3.3	0.0	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	10	4.9	7.4	2.9
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	0	30	4.9	0.0	8.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	20	5.7	7.4	5.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	2.4	0.0	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	55	10	45	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	0	15	45.5	0.0	33.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	0	18.2	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	25	0	25	45.5	0.0	55.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	18.2	0.0	22.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	775	365	410	5.7	5.6	5.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,015	525	495	7.4	8.1	6.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,845	5,615	6,230	86.9	86.3	87.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	320	125	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	150	65	90	46.9	52.0	46.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	70	25	35	21.9	20.0	17.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	85	35	50	26.6	28.0	25.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	140	40	100	43.8	32.0	51.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	20	10	9.4	16.0	5.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	320	125	195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	3.1	8.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50	0	45	15.6	0.0	23.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0	3.1	0.0	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	10	20	9.4	8.0	10.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	3.1	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	215	95	125	67.2	76.0	64.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	485	225	260	3.6	3.5	3.6
South Asian	160	85	75	1.2	1.3	1.1
Chinese	100	35	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Black	90	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
Filipino	40	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,150	6,280	6,875	96.4	96.5	96.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	13,640	6,505	7,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,230	1,120	1,110	16.3	17.2	15.6
English	2,190	1,010	1,175	16.1	15.5	16.5
Irish	3,695	1,740	1,955	27.1	26.7	27.4
Scottish	2,505	1,150	1,350	18.4	17.7	18.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,305	1,580	1,725	24.2	24.3	24.2
German	3,075	1,480	1,590	22.5	22.8	22.3
Chinese	105	40	65	0.8	0.6	0.9
Italian	405	210	195	3.0	3.2	2.7
Indian (India)	120	65	60	0.9	1.0	0.8
Ukrainian	300	105	195	2.2	1.6	2.7
Dutch	345	145	200	2.5	2.2	2.8
Polish	755	315	440	5.5	4.8	6.2
Québécois	85	50	35	0.6	0.8	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	370	180	185	2.7	2.8	2.6
Filipino	50	15	30	0.4	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	415	195	230	3.0	3.0	3.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	370	165	200	2.7	2.5	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	685	350	335	5.0	5.4	4.7
Métis	470	200	270	3.4	3.1	3.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	245	140	110	1.8	2.2	1.5
Russian	130	75	55	1.0	1.2	0.8
Norwegian	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
Welsh	260	120	135	1.9	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	115	45	65	0.8	0.7	0.9
Spanish	90	30	60	0.7	0.5	0.8
Swedish	95	45	55	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hungarian	70	15	50	0.5	0.2	0.7
Acadian	45	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	60	25	0.7	0.9	0.4
Jamaican	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	40	60	0.7	0.6	0.8
Danish	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	365	175	200	2.7	2.7	2.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belgian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	75	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	85	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Newfoundlander	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	115	55	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	320	140	180	2.3	2.2	2.5
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	13,635	6,505	7,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian	9,100	4,100	5,000	66.7	63.0	70.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	590	260	330	4.3	4.0	4.6
Anabaptist	40	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Anglican	530	225	305	3.9	3.5	4.3
Baptist	210	90	120	1.5	1.4	1.7
Catholic	5,150	2,350	2,800	37.8	36.1	39.2
Christian Orthodox	70	45	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	1,110	520	590	8.1	8.0	8.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	45	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	140	65	75	1.0	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	170	60	105	1.2	0.9	1.5
Reformed	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	690	275	415	5.1	4.2	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	285	125	160	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	45	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	45	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Sikh	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	120	50	70	0.9	0.8	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	4,245	2,265	1,980	31.1	34.8	27.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	13,525	6,445	7,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,550	5,485	6,065	85.4	85.1	85.7
Movers	1,975	965	1,015	14.6	15.0	14.3
Non-migrants	1,000	490	510	7.4	7.6	7.2
Migrants	975	475	505	7.2	7.4	7.1
Internal migrants	950	465	490	7.0	7.2	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	750	380	375	5.5	5.9	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	200	85	115	1.5	1.3	1.6
External migrants	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	12,950	6,185	6,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	7,160	3,425	3,735	55.3	55.4	55.2
Movers	5,795	2,755	3,035	44.7	44.5	44.9
Non-migrants	1,915	930	985	14.8	15.0	14.6
Migrants	3,875	1,825	2,050	29.9	29.5	30.3
Internal migrants	3,775	1,795	1,980	29.2	29.0	29.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,150	1,510	1,645	24.3	24.4	24.3
Interprovincial migrants	625	280	340	4.8	4.5	5.0
External migrants	100	30	70	0.8	0.5	1.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,610	5,490	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,505	1,280	1,225	21.6	23.3	20.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,110	4,210	4,900	78.5	76.7	80.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,990	3,370	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	965	520	440	13.8	15.4	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,020	2,850	3,180	86.1	84.6	87.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,275	1,115	1,160	19.6	20.3	19.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,075	2,025	2,050	35.1	36.9	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,265	2,355	2,910	45.3	42.9	47.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,800	1,715	2,085	32.7	31.2	34.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	710	570	145	6.1	10.4	2.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	315	230	80	2.7	4.2	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	400	340	60	3.4	6.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,905	1,065	1,835	25.0	19.4	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	80	105	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,465	635	825	12.6	11.6	13.5
Bachelor's degree	990	405	580	8.5	7.4	9.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	80	30	45	0.7	0.5	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	300	150	145	2.6	2.7	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,985	3,370	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	870	465	405	12.5	13.8	11.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,385	1,295	1,095	34.1	38.4	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,725	1,610	2,120	53.3	47.8	58.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,695	1,210	1,490	38.6	35.9	41.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	360	85	6.4	10.7	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	185	145	45	2.6	4.3	1.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	265	220	40	3.8	6.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,150	805	1,345	30.8	23.9	37.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	40	55	1.4	1.2	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,030	405	625	14.7	12.0	17.3
Bachelor's degree	695	255	440	9.9	7.6	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	55	20	30	0.8	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	20	40	0.9	0.6	1.1
Master's degree	200	85	115	2.9	2.5	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	15	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,350	3,140	3,210	54.7	57.1	52.5
Education	300	90	205	2.6	1.6	3.3
13. Education	300	90	205	2.6	1.6	3.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	145	70	80	1.2	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	125	45	80	1.1	0.8	1.3
Humanities	235	100	140	2.0	1.8	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	45	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	20	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	600	145	455	5.2	2.6	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	45	60	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	15	180	1.7	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	80	20	60	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	80	10	70	0.7	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	115	60	55	1.0	1.1	0.9
Business, management and public administration	1,030	300	725	8.9	5.5	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	210	35	165	1.8	0.6	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	825	265	560	7.1	4.8	9.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	75	70	1.2	1.4	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	45	40	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	115	80	35	1.0	1.5	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	55	15	0.6	1.0	0.2
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,020	975	50	8.8	17.7	0.8
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	85	75	10	0.7	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	240	20	2.3	4.4	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	300	300	0	2.6	5.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	265	0	2.3	4.8	0.0
48. Precision production	95	80	10	0.8	1.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	120	60	60	1.0	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	20	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	45	15	0.5	0.8	0.2
Health and related fields	1,115	215	895	9.6	3.9	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,000	150	850	8.6	2.7	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	435	250	190	3.7	4.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	230	75	160	2.0	1.4	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	145	110	30	1.2	2.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	45	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,990	3,370	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,260	1,760	1,500	46.6	52.2	41.4
Education	130	35	95	1.9	1.0	2.6
13. Education	130	35	95	1.9	1.0	2.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	50	75	1.8	1.5	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	110	35	75	1.6	1.0	2.1
Humanities	165	50	105	2.4	1.5	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	15	35	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	465	95	370	6.7	2.8	10.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	55	1.2	0.7	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	10	140	2.1	0.3	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	65	20	50	0.9	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
42. Psychology	55	0	55	0.8	0.0	1.5
45. Social sciences	80	35	45	1.1	1.0	1.2
Business, management and public administration	780	220	560	11.2	6.5	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	165	30	135	2.4	0.9	3.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	615	190	425	8.8	5.6	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	50	40	1.3	1.5	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	50	35	1.2	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55	40	20	0.8	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	705	660	40	10.1	19.6	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
14. Engineering	55	50	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	195	175	20	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	190	190	0	2.7	5.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	190	190	0	2.7	5.6	0.0
48. Precision production	65	55	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	90	35	55	1.3	1.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	15	45	0.9	0.4	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	750	160	590	10.7	4.7	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	70	40	30	1.0	1.2	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	660	110	550	9.4	3.3	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	345	210	145	4.9	6.2	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	185	65	120	2.6	1.9	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	115	90	25	1.6	2.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,990	3,370	3,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,260	1,760	1,500	46.6	52.2	41.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,730	1,610	2,120	53.4	47.8	58.6
Location of study inside Canada	3,565	1,520	2,045	51.0	45.1	56.5
Same as province or territory of residence	3,220	1,370	1,850	46.1	40.7	51.1
Different than province or territory of residence	345	150	195	4.9	4.5	5.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	160	90	75	2.3	2.7	2.1
Americas	65	40	25	0.9	1.2	0.7
United States of America	45	30	20	0.6	0.9	0.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	35	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	60	30	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	11,615	5,495	6,120	...	...	...
In the labour force	6,160	3,110	3,050	...	...	...
Employed	5,395	2,710	2,685	...	...	...
Unemployed	765	400	365	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,455	2,385	3,070	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.0	56.6	49.8	53.0	56.6	49.8
Employment rate	46.4	49.3	43.9	46.4	49.3	43.9
Unemployment rate	12.4	12.9	12.0	12.4	12.9	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	11,615	5,495	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,465	2,405	3,060	47.1	43.8	50.0
Worked	6,145	3,090	3,060	52.9	56.2	50.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,215	1,795	1,415	27.7	32.7	23.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,930	1,290	1,640	25.2	23.5	26.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,160	3,110	3,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	75	70	2.4	2.4	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,010	3,035	2,980	97.6	97.6	97.9
Employee	5,300	2,680	2,620	86.0	86.2	86.0
Permanent position	4,460	2,255	2,205	72.4	72.5	72.4
Temporary position	835	420	415	13.6	13.5	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	255	130	125	4.1	4.2	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	580	295	290	9.4	9.5	9.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	710	355	360	11.5	11.4	11.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,160	3,110	3,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	75	70	2.4	2.4	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,010	3,035	2,980	97.6	97.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	790	235	555	12.8	7.6	18.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	340	280	70	5.5	9.0	2.3
3 Health occupations	585	115	470	9.5	3.7	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	910	445	460	14.8	14.3	15.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	115	50	70	1.9	1.6	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	2,000	785	1,215	32.5	25.2	39.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	940	870	65	15.3	28.0	2.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	90	75	15	1.5	2.4	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	220	175	45	3.6	5.6	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,160	3,110	3,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	150	75	70	2.4	2.4	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	6,010	3,035	2,980	97.6	97.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	35	10	0.7	1.1	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	30	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
22 Utilities	75	45	30	1.2	1.4	1.0
23 Construction	375	330	45	6.1	10.6	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	310	220	90	5.0	7.1	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	85	50	35	1.4	1.6	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	975	455	520	15.8	14.6	17.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	135	105	30	2.2	3.4	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	95	60	35	1.5	1.9	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	115	35	85	1.9	1.1	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	90	55	35	1.5	1.8	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	460	290	170	7.5	9.3	5.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	355	195	165	5.8	6.3	5.4
61 Educational services	365	110	260	5.9	3.5	8.5
62 Health care and social assistance	985	160	820	16.0	5.1	26.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
72 Accommodation and food services	550	195	355	8.9	6.3	11.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	210	115	95	3.4	3.7	3.1
91 Public administration	700	540	165	11.4	17.4	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,650	3,350	3,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,235	3,190	3,040	93.8	95.2	92.3
French	65	10	50	1.0	0.3	1.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	330	140	190	5.0	4.2	5.8
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,650	3,350	3,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	6,610	3,330	3,275	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	6,605	3,330	3,270	99.3	99.4	99.2
English	6,510	3,300	3,215	97.9	98.5	97.6
French	90	30	60	1.4	0.9	1.8
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,650	3,350	3,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	6,340	3,225	3,115	95.3	96.3	94.5
English	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
French	265	100	165	4.0	3.0	5.0
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,395	2,710	2,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	690	260	430	12.8	9.6	16.0
Worked outside Canada	40	35	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	700	470	235	13.0	17.3	8.8
Usual place of work	3,955	1,945	2,015	73.3	71.8	75.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,960	1,950	2,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,190	850	1,340	55.3	43.6	66.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,400	900	500	35.4	46.2	24.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	350	200	150	8.8	10.3	7.5
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,660	2,415	2,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,010	2,155	1,850	86.1	89.2	82.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,660	2,000	1,655	78.5	82.8	73.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	350	155	200	7.5	6.4	8.9
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Walked	485	190	300	10.4	7.9	13.3
Bicycle	50	25	20	1.1	1.0	0.9
Other method	120	50	70	2.6	2.1	3.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,660	2,415	2,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,570	1,110	1,460	55.2	46.0	64.9
15 to 29 minutes	1,245	745	500	26.7	30.8	22.2
30 to 44 minutes	500	335	165	10.7	13.9	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	190	115	75	4.1	4.8	3.3
60 minutes and over	160	110	50	3.4	4.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,660	2,415	2,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	350	225	130	7.5	9.3	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	870	530	345	18.7	21.9	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,260	685	575	27.0	28.4	25.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	945	415	530	20.3	17.2	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	550	250	305	11.8	10.4	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	675	310	360	14.5	12.8	16.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,450	1,230	1,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	560	285	275	22.9	23.2	22.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,885	945	945	76.9	76.8	77.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,720	885	835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	400	210	190	23.3	23.7	22.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	280	145	135	16.3	16.4	16.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	120	60	60	7.0	6.8	7.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,320	675	645	76.7	76.3	77.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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