Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury, City (CV)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	166,004
Population, 2016¹	161,531
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8
Total private dwellings²	75,967
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	71,476
Population density per square kilometre	52.1
Land area in square kilometres	3,186.26
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	166,005
0 to 14 years	25,625
0 to 4 years	7,510
5 to 9 years	8,965
10 to 14 years	9,150
15 to 64 years	106,600
15 to 19 years	8,825
20 to 24 years	10,475
25 to 29 years	10,785
30 to 34 years	10,305
35 to 39 years	10,230
40 to 44 years	10,185
45 to 49 years	10,260
50 to 54 years	10,510
55 to 59 years	12,810
60 to 64 years	12,210
65 years and over	33,780
65 to 69 years	10,340
70 to 74 years	8,600
75 to 79 years	6,055
80 to 84 years	4,355
85 years and over	4,425
85 to 89 years	2,770
90 to 94 years	1,250
95 to 99 years	345
100 years and over	60
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4
15 to 64 years	64.2
65 years and over	20.3
85 years and over	2.7
Average age of the population	42.9
Median age of the population	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	71,480
Single-detached house	43,325
Semi-detached house	3,280
Row house	2,915
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,475
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,045
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,785
Other single-attached house	130
Movable dwelling⁴	530
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	71,475
1 person	22,040
2 persons	25,990
3 persons	10,510
4 persons	8,890
5 or more persons	4,050
Number of persons in private households	163,030
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	140,375
Married or living common-law	79,070
Married	60,255
Living common-law	18,820
Living common law - Never married	13,375
Living common law - Separated	1,200
Living common law - Divorced	3,680
Living common law - Widowed	565
Not married and not living common-law	61,305
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,350
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,905
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,340
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,715
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	47,355
2 persons	26,350
3 persons	9,875
4 persons	8,165
5 or more persons	2,960
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	47,355
Total couple families	38,805
Married couples	29,395
With children⁶	13,820
Without children	15,575
Common-law couples	9,410
With children⁶	3,905
Without children	5,500
Total one-parent families	8,555
in which the parent is a woman+	6,480
in which the parent is a man+	2,070
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	163,030
Total - Persons in census families	130,705
Married spouses or common-law partners	77,605
Parents in one-parent families	8,550
Children⁶	44,550
In a two-parent family	31,505
In a one-parent family	13,045
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,325
Living alone	22,040
Living with other relatives⁷	3,445
Living with non-relatives only	6,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	71,475
One-census-family households without additional persons	42,870
Couple-family households	35,850
With children⁶	16,480
Without children	19,375
One-parent-family households	7,015
Multigenerational households⁸	1,335
Multiple-census-family households⁹	270
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,945
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,020
One-person households	22,040
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	137,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,270
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,900
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,855
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,200
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,880
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	137,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	133,190
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	133,285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	118,860
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,855
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,345
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,910
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,485
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,930
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,970
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	137,430
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45,960
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,570
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	137,430
Without total income	4,250
With total income	133,180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,165
$10,000 to $19,999	15,010
$20,000 to $29,999	18,080
$30,000 to $39,999	16,120
$40,000 to $49,999	15,605
$50,000 to $59,999	13,260
$60,000 to $69,999	10,445
$70,000 to $79,999	7,875
$80,000 to $89,999	5,820
$90,000 to $99,999	4,830
$100,000 and over	16,970
$100,000 to $149,999	12,690
$150,000 and over	4,280
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	137,430
Without after-tax income	4,160
With after-tax income	133,265
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,755
$10,000 to $19,999	15,580
$20,000 to $29,999	20,605
$30,000 to $39,999	19,675
$40,000 to $49,999	18,300
$50,000 to $59,999	14,260
$60,000 to $69,999	10,060
$70,000 to $79,999	7,365
$80,000 to $89,999	6,510
$90,000 to $99,999	3,995
$100,000 and over	7,160
$100,000 to $124,999	4,435
$125,000 and over	2,725
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	137,430
Without employment income	41,575
With employment income	95,855
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,610
$5,000 to $9,999	6,455
$10,000 to $19,999	10,235
$20,000 to $29,999	8,000
$30,000 to $39,999	7,835
$40,000 to $49,999	8,025
$50,000 to $59,999	7,715
$60,000 to $69,999	6,385
$70,000 to $79,999	5,080
$80,000 to $89,999	4,025
$90,000 to $99,999	3,990
$100,000 and over	13,505
$100,000 to $124,999	7,220
$125,000 and over	6,285
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	137,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	131,140
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	131,205
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,965
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,690
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	114,345
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,655
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	137,430
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	131,075
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	131,155
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,835
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,605
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,205
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,415
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	137,430
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45,895
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,690
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6
Employment income (%)	69.8
Government transfers (%)	13.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	71,475
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,040
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	49,435
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	71,475
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,400
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,055
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,360
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	49,415
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,900
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	71,475
Under $5,000	510
$5,000 to $9,999	370
$10,000 to $14,999	1,070
$15,000 to $19,999	1,510
$20,000 to $24,999	2,515
$25,000 to $29,999	2,535
$30,000 to $34,999	2,350
$35,000 to $39,999	2,530
$40,000 to $44,999	2,765
$45,000 to $49,999	2,640
$50,000 to $59,999	5,475
$60,000 to $69,999	5,055
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635
$80,000 to $89,999	4,195
$90,000 to $99,999	3,745
$100,000 and over	29,555
$100,000 to $124,999	8,190
$125,000 to $149,999	6,305
$150,000 to $199,999	8,025
$200,000 and over	7,035
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	71,475
Under $5,000	570
$5,000 to $9,999	390
$10,000 to $14,999	1,085
$15,000 to $19,999	1,560
$20,000 to $24,999	2,655
$25,000 to $29,999	3,005
$30,000 to $34,999	2,735
$35,000 to $39,999	3,015
$40,000 to $44,999	3,255
$45,000 to $49,999	3,115
$50,000 to $59,999	6,385
$60,000 to $69,999	5,780
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290
$80,000 to $89,999	4,770
$90,000 to $99,999	4,350
$100,000 and over	23,510
$100,000 to $124,999	8,585
$125,000 to $149,999	6,025
$150,000 and over	8,905
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	47,175
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,685
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,930
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,090
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,880
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	47,165
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,500
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,580
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,980
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,055
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,760
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	163,030
0 to 17 years	30,760
0 to 5 years	9,335
18 to 64 years	100,625
65 years and over	31,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,555
0 to 17 years	3,505
0 to 5 years	1,265
18 to 64 years	8,880
65 years and over	3,170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8
65 years and over (%)	10.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	163,030
0 to 17 years	30,755
0 to 5 years	9,330
18 to 64 years	100,630
65 years and over	31,645
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,225
0 to 17 years	940
0 to 5 years	310
18 to 64 years	4,925
65 years and over	360
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	163,030
In bottom half of the distribution	73,220
In bottom decile	14,465
In second decile	14,145
In third decile	14,835
In fourth decile	14,745
In fifth decile	15,030
In top half of the distribution	89,810
In sixth decile	15,735
In seventh decile	17,380
In eighth decile	18,875
In ninth decile	20,510
In top decile	17,310
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	163,030
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	164,135
English only	102,225
French only	1,460
English and French	60,035
Neither English nor French	410
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	164,135
English	125,690
French	36,980
English and French	1,095
Neither English nor French	380
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	164,135
Single responses	156,935
Official languages	146,350
English	109,215
French	37,135
Non-official languages	10,590
Indigenous languages³⁹	155
Algonquian languages	150
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	50
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	50
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	105
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	95
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	85
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,435
Afro-Asiatic languages	415
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	405
Amharic	5
Arabic	395
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	275
Bikol	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	35
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	30
Haitian Creole	20
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	385
Kannada	10
Malayalam	265
Tamil	60
Telugu	55
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,850
Albanian	5
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,230
Baltic languages	55
Latvian	25
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	1,170
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	50
Macedonian	5
Polish	360
Russian	115
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	285
Bosnian	5
Croatian	200
Serbian	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	270
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	10
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	720
Frisian	0
High German languages	510
German	495
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	135
Indo-Iranian languages	1,765
Indo-Aryan languages	1,655
Assamese	0
Bengali	60
Gujarati	440
Hindi	270
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	130
Oriya languages	5
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	485
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	205
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	115
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	100
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	80
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,980
Catalan	0
Italian	1,920
Portuguese	295
Romanian	50
Spanish	700
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	30
Korean	120
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	410
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	0
Ganda	15
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25
Shona	30
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	30
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	585
Chinese languages	580
Hakka	0
Mandarin	375
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	185
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30
Lao	0
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	1,060
Estonian	20
Finnish	940
Hungarian	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	7,195
English and French	5,405
English and non-official language(s)	1,490
French and non-official language(s)	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	90
Multiple non-official languages	90
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	164,135
English	124,155
French	13,080
Non-official language	2,120
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	2,100
English and French	17,025
English and non-official language(s)	6,735
French and non-official language(s)	185
English, French and non-official language(s)	670
Multiple non-official languages	155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	164,135
Single responses	159,185
Official languages	154,945
English	137,475
French	17,465
Non-official languages	4,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	35
Algonquian languages	40
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,200
Afro-Asiatic languages	145
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	5
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	140
Amharic	0
Arabic	140
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	105
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	140
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	255
Kannada	5
Malayalam	185
Tamil	25
Telugu	30
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,730
Albanian	0
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	280
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	280
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	15
Macedonian	0
Polish	75
Russian	60
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	80
Bosnian	0
Croatian	55
Serbian	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	65
Frisian	0
High German languages	35
German	35
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	60
Indo-Iranian languages	1,210
Indo-Aryan languages	1,135
Assamese	0
Bengali	40
Gujarati	345
Hindi	175
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	85
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	75
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	65
Dari	5
Iranian Persian	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110
Catalan	0
Italian	540
Portuguese	145
Romanian	10
Spanish	410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	80
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	90
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	10
Yoruba	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390
Chinese languages	390
Hakka	0
Mandarin	275
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	105
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	0
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	175
Estonian	5
Finnish	150
Hungarian	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	4,950
English and French	3,465
English and non-official language(s)	1,345
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	50
Multiple non-official languages	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	164,135
None	143,930
English	5,790
French	9,525
Non-official language	3,730
Indigenous³⁹	280
Non-Indigenous	3,450
English and French	60
English and non-official language(s)	395
French and non-official language(s)	315
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	385
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	163,030
Official languages	162,610
English	161,155
French	61,200
Non-official languages	16,055
Indigenous languages³⁹	665
Algonquian languages	635
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	85
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	85
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	565
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	10
Ojibway languages	560
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	460
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	15
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,410
Afro-Asiatic languages	570
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	30
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	540
Amharic	0
Arabic	510
Aramaic languages	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	225
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	440
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	40
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	15
Indonesian	80
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25
Creole languages	225
Haitian Creole	140
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	65
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20
Dravidian languages	555
Kannada	30
Malayalam	355
Tamil	110
Telugu	125
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	10,210
Albanian	15
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,470
Baltic languages	55
Latvian	20
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	1,415
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	95
Macedonian	10
Polish	460
Russian	150
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	330
Bosnian	40
Croatian	260
Serbian	90
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	380
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	35
Irish	20
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,235
Frisian	0
High German languages	835
German	835
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300
Afrikaans	140
Dutch	170
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	125
Danish	40
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	65
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	185
Indo-Iranian languages	2,390
Indo-Aryan languages	2,230
Assamese	0
Bengali	100
Gujarati	655
Hindi	1,325
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	35
Nepali	135
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	805
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50
Urdu	265
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	180
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	35
Persian languages	145
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,105
Catalan	0
Italian	2,905
Portuguese	440
Romanian	10
Spanish	1,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	140
Korean	115
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	1,145
Akan (Twi)	45
Bamanankan	15
Edo	25
Éwé	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	25
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	50
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25
Lingala	80
Luba-Kasai	30
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	100
Shona	40
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20
Swahili	150
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	75
Yoruba	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180
Nilo-Saharan languages	20
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	290
American Sign Language	250
Quebec Sign Language	35
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	790
Chinese languages	770
Hakka	0
Mandarin	550
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	20
Yue (Cantonese)	275
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	10
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	40
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	1,180
Estonian	20
Finnish	1,080
Hungarian	90
Other languages, n.i.e.	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,030
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	17,930
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	17,440
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,935
Métis	9,405
Inuk (Inuit)	100
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185
Non-Indigenous identity	145,095
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,030
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	157,155
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	71,475
Owner	46,075
Renter	25,400
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	71,475
Condominium	1,370
Not condominium	70,105
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	71,475
No bedrooms	360
1 bedroom	9,050
2 bedrooms	17,270
3 bedrooms	26,755
4 or more bedrooms	18,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	71,475
1 to 4 rooms	18,580
5 rooms	10,840
6 rooms	10,725
7 rooms	10,045
8 or more rooms	21,295
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	71,475
One person or fewer per room	70,845
More than one person per room	630
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	71,475
Suitable	69,470
Not suitable	2,005
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	71,475
1960 or before	21,385
1961 to 1980	26,485
1981 to 1990	8,115
1991 to 2000	6,800
2001 to 2005	1,915
2006 to 2010	2,760
2011 to 2015	2,390
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,635
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	71,475
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	66,525
Major repairs needed	4,950
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	71,475
One-maintainer household	38,110
Two-maintainer household	31,135
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,230
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	71,475
15 to 24 years	2,740
25 to 34 years	9,865
35 to 44 years	11,370
45 to 54 years	11,860
55 to 64 years	14,705
65 to 74 years	11,600
75 to 84 years	6,765
85 years and over	2,590
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	71,155
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,895
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,260
30% to less than 100%	11,395
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	71,475
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,565
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,890
Not suitable only	1,550
Major repairs needed only	3,515
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,160
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40
Acceptable housing	53,910
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	70,295
In core need	5,715
Not in core need	64,580
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	46,010
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,362
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	379,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,400
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.5
% in core housing need⁶³	17.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,037
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	163,030
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,100
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,910
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,375
Métis single ancestry	2,500
Inuit single ancestry	35
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	14,615
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,250
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,400
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,780
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	355
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	141,315
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	163,030
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	156,760
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,615
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	127,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,270
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	163,030
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	149,620
Immigrants⁸¹	9,850
Before 1980	4,220
1980 to 1990	720
1991 to 2000	865
2001 to 2010	1,300
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,745
2011 to 2015	1,115
2016 to 2021	1,635
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,555
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,850
Under 5 years	1,360
5 to 14 years	2,020
15 to 24 years	2,480
25 to 44 years	3,615
45 years and over	385
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,850
Americas	1,295
Brazil	30
Colombia	35
El Salvador	20
Guyana	20
Haiti	105
Jamaica	170
Mexico	45
Peru	45
Trinidad and Tobago	40
United States of America	510
Other places of birth in Americas	275
Europe	4,635
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85
Croatia	105
France	70
Germany	440
Greece	105
Hungary	55
Italy	1,210
Netherlands	95
Poland	245
Portugal	135
Romania	0
Russian Federation	35
Serbia⁸⁶	30
Ukraine	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,020
Other places of birth in Europe	960
Africa	1,350
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85
Egypt	35
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	10
Nigeria	165
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	130
Other places of birth in Africa	895
Asia	2,480
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	90
Iraq	15
Lebanon	45
Syria⁸⁹	60
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	345
Hong Kong⁹¹	55
Korea, South⁹²	65
Taiwan	0
Philippines	285
Viet Nam	135
Bangladesh	50
India	770
Pakistan	195
Sri Lanka	60
Other places of birth in Asia	305
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,635
Americas	270
Brazil	25
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	25
Mexico	0
United States of America	80
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	120
Europe	75
France	0
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Other places of birth in Europe	35
Africa	605
Algeria	0
Burundi	30
Cameroon	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	215
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	115
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	50
Sudan⁹⁷	40
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	115
Asia	660
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	15
China⁹⁰	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	320
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	40
Philippines	100
Saudi Arabia	10
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	35
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	15
Oceania and other⁹³	25
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	163,030
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,085
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,430
Third generation or more¹⁰²	132,510
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,630
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,985
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,280
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,705
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,780
Refugees¹⁰⁸	730
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,630
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	400
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,680
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	163,030
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,825
South Asian	3,105
Chinese	985
Black	4,030
Filipino	440
Arab	340
Latin American	705
Southeast Asian	400
West Asian	145
Korean	160
Japanese	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	170
Multiple visible minorities	265
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	152,205
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	163,030
Canadian	27,965
English	26,810
Irish	29,975
Scottish	25,165
French, n.o.s.¹²²	45,600
German	12,265
Chinese	1,135
Italian	12,825
Indian (India)	1,935
Ukrainian	7,455
Dutch	3,470
Polish	5,320
Québécois	1,240
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,750
Filipino	465
French Canadian	11,925
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,450
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,755
Métis	8,810
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,135
Russian	1,005
Norwegian	1,110
Welsh	2,090
Portuguese	805
American	1,230
Spanish	795
Swedish	1,580
Hungarian	895
Acadian	1,075
Pakistani	265
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	910
Jewish	290
Punjabi	225
Vietnamese	210
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205
Greek	495
Jamaican	605
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	640
Korean	150
Romanian	315
Lebanese	310
Iranian	155
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	595
Danish	515
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,125
Sikh	115
Austrian	785
Belgian	565
Haitian	115
Hindu	310
Mexican	225
Mennonite	100
Swiss	330
Finnish	7,800
Sri Lankan	55
Croatian	1,015
Japanese	105
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	440
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400
Muslim	55
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160
Tamil	55
Icelandic	220
Colombian	90
Moroccan	35
Czech	485
Syrian	95
Guyanese	80
Afghan	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180
Serbian	250
Ojibway	1,980
Newfoundlander	480
Hong Konger	30
Ontarian	1,685
Persian	40
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105
Turkish	55
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135
Bangladeshi	70
Algerian	40
Brazilian	80
Nigerian	340
Armenian	65
Slovak	320
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145
Somali	35
Taiwanese	15
Iraqi	20
Salvadorean	35
African Caribbean	90
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100
Algonquin	1,215
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40
Lithuanian	355
South African	195
Australian	150
Palestinian	35
Chilean	125
Congolese	120
Nova Scotian	170
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45
Peruvian	45
Yoruba	335
Cambodian (Khmer)	15
Berber	20
Albanian	20
Maltese	95
Macedonian	85
Slovenian	210
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120
New Brunswicker	140
Gujarati	95
Eritrean	10
African Canadian	70
Israeli	10
Mohawk	310
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205
Bulgarian	50
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	60
Barbadian	45
African American	80
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220
Tunisian	20
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40
Cuban	25
Bosnian	50
Venezuelan	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20
Latvian	175
Bengali	20
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	15
Indonesian	125
Laotian	15
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95
British Columbian	20
Ecuadorian	20
Franco Ontarian	1,660
Argentinian	0
Estonian	175
Kurdish	20
Fijian	0
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190
Coptic	0
Thai	35
Dominican	75
Nepali	70
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	85
Byelorussian	30
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65
Abenaki	150
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	240
New Zealander	60
Sudanese	25
Breton	20
Pennsylvania Dutch	60
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	50
Saskatchewanian	30
Buddhist	20
Gaspesian	25
Norman	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10
Ivorian	175
Saulteaux	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	475
Burundian	125
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	10
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	30
Oji-Cree	35
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	35
Cape Bretoner	45
Rwandan	55
Grenadian	10
Malayali	25
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	30
Mayan	25
Honduran	65
Cherokee	75
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	40
United Empire Loyalist	30
Senegalese	30
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	10
Malay	0
Goan	20
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	60
Burmese	0
Mongolian	70
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	10
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	20
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	30
Maliseet	15
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	25
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	60
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	163,030
Buddhist	310
Christian	103,785
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,375
Anabaptist	40
Anglican	4,585
Baptist	1,510
Catholic	76,250
Christian Orthodox	760
Jehovah's Witness	670
Latter Day Saints	180
Lutheran	2,070
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,760
Presbyterian	905
Reformed	30
United Church	5,850
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,660
Hindu	1,325
Jewish	180
Muslim	1,545
Sikh	540
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	355
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925
No religion and secular perspectives	54,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	161,610
Non-movers	144,655
Movers	16,955
Non-migrants	12,435
Migrants	4,520
Internal migrants	3,970
Intraprovincial migrants	3,385
Interprovincial migrants	585
External migrants	550
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	155,575
Non-movers	100,285
Movers	55,290
Non-migrants	36,600
Migrants	18,690
Internal migrants	14,220
Intraprovincial migrants	12,070
Interprovincial migrants	2,150
External migrants	4,470
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,430
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,700
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	110,730
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,105
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,570
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,430
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,565
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,820
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,045
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50,475
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,775
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,855
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,915
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	38,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,565
Bachelor's degree	18,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,745
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640
Master's degree	4,335
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	905
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,530
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,975
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,160
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,795
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,150
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,430
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,370
Bachelor's degree	14,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	500
Master's degree	3,605
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	655
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	137,430
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60,390
Education	4,175
13. Education	4,175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,610
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280
50. Visual and performing arts	1,330
Humanities	2,890
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	290
23. English language and literature/letters	505
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115
38. Philosophy and religious studies	340
39. Theology and religious vocations	220
54. History	505
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,830
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	930
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,240
22. Legal professions and studies	1,610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245
42. Psychology	1,470
45. Social sciences	2,165
Business, management and public administration	13,410
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,405
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,995
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,250
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	1,380
41. Science technologies/technicians	255
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,120
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,625
25. Library science	185
27. Mathematics and statistics	235
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20,225
04. Architecture and related services	320
14. Engineering	2,675
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	3,250
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,460
48. Precision production	2,315
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,365
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565
03. Natural resources and conservation	795
Health and related fields	14,080
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,160
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,685
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,060
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,670
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,015
Other¹⁷⁹	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,510
Education	2,755
13. Education	2,755
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,195
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200
50. Visual and performing arts	995
Humanities	1,905
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190
23. English language and literature/letters	320
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200
39. Theology and religious vocations	140
54. History	375
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,060
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	835
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,840
22. Legal professions and studies	1,320
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215
42. Psychology	1,100
45. Social sciences	1,625
Business, management and public administration	10,315
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,015
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,290
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,415
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	930
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20
40. Physical sciences	1,010
41. Science technologies/technicians	165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,635
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325
25. Library science	110
27. Mathematics and statistics	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,900
04. Architecture and related services	240
14. Engineering	2,090
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,685
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,210
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,000
48. Precision production	1,670
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,085
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	455
03. Natural resources and conservation	630
Health and related fields	10,820
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,755
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,055
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,875
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,385
49. Transportation and materials moving	790
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	86,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	58,160
Location of study inside Canada	54,745
Same as province or territory of residence	52,475
Different than province or territory of residence	2,270
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,415
Americas	950
United States of America	610
Mexico	35
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Brazil	40
Colombia	70
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	145
Europe	520
Belgium	15
France	50
Germany	35
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	10
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	25
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10
Italy	20
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	85
Africa	625
Nigeria	255
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	25
South Africa, Republic of	80
Other locations of study in Africa	255
Asia	1,155
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	65
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	20
Korea, South⁹²	40
Philippines	130
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	15
Sri Lanka	0
India	635
Pakistan	70
Other locations of study in Asia	100
Oceania	170
Australia	130
New Zealand	30
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	137,430
In the labour force	84,005
Employed	75,300
Unemployed	8,700
Not in the labour force	53,425
Participation rate	61.1
Employment rate	54.8
Unemployment rate	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	137,430
Did not work¹⁸⁶	53,810
Worked	83,615
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	47,140
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,480
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	84,000
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	82,110
Employee	74,920
Permanent position	62,975
Temporary position	11,945
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,655
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,295
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,185
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	84,000
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895
All occupations¹⁹¹	82,110
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	685
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,465
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,805
3 Health occupations	8,235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,435
6 Sales and service occupations	20,115
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,320
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,700
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	84,000
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895
All industries¹⁹¹	82,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7,620
22 Utilities	550
23 Construction	6,465
31-33 Manufacturing	3,380
41 Wholesale trade	2,380
44-45 Retail trade	10,015
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,405
51 Information and cultural industries	995
52 Finance and insurance	2,060
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,200
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,220
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,305
61 Educational services	6,780
62 Health care and social assistance	13,060
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000
72 Accommodation and food services	4,415
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,210
91 Public administration	7,545
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	89,690
English	73,440
French	2,675
Non-official language	80
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	80
English and French	12,875
English and non-official language(s)	480
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	120
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	89,690
Single responses	87,915
Official languages	87,790
English	83,690
French	4,100
Non-official languages	120
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	50
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40
Chinese languages	40
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,780
English and French	1,710
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	89,690
None	77,955
English	1,455
French	9,770
Non-official language	395
Indigenous³⁹	65
Non-Indigenous	330
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	75,300
Worked at home	14,395
Worked outside Canada	65
No fixed workplace address	9,690
Usual place of work	51,155
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	51,155
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,480
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,510
Commute to a different province or territory	160
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	60,840
Car, truck or van	54,715
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,895
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,820
Public transit	2,515
Walked	2,075
Bicycle	245
Other method	1,290
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	60,840
Less than 15 minutes	21,855
15 to 29 minutes	24,710
30 to 44 minutes	9,165
45 to 59 minutes	2,770
60 minutes and over	2,345
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	60,840
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,535
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,370
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,440
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,010
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,080
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,390
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,010
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,260
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,570
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,200
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,485

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 10, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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