Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sault Ste. Marie, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,051	...	...
Population, 2016¹	73,368	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,818	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,530	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	324.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	221.99	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,050	35,035	37,020
0 to 14 years	10,250	5,360	4,890
0 to 4 years	3,040	1,600	1,445
5 to 9 years	3,675	1,885	1,790
10 to 14 years	3,530	1,875	1,660
15 to 64 years	43,875	21,535	22,340
15 to 19 years	3,510	1,795	1,710
20 to 24 years	4,035	2,155	1,880
25 to 29 years	4,260	2,190	2,065
30 to 34 years	4,245	2,095	2,150
35 to 39 years	4,070	1,990	2,080
40 to 44 years	4,030	1,945	2,090
45 to 49 years	3,910	1,890	2,025
50 to 54 years	4,320	2,140	2,185
55 to 59 years	5,545	2,555	2,990
60 to 64 years	5,940	2,785	3,150
65 years and over	17,930	8,135	9,790
65 to 69 years	5,180	2,470	2,710
70 to 74 years	4,545	2,180	2,370
75 to 79 years	3,225	1,450	1,775
80 to 84 years	2,375	1,030	1,345
85 years and over	2,605	1,015	1,590
85 to 89 years	1,610	675	935
90 to 94 years	805	290	510
95 to 99 years	170	50	125
100 years and over	25	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.2	15.3	13.2
15 to 64 years	60.9	61.5	60.3
65 years and over	24.9	23.2	26.4
85 years and over	3.6	2.9	4.3
Average age of the population	45.4	44.0	46.7
Median age of the population	47.2	44.8	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,530	...	...
Single-detached house	21,150	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,810	...	...
Row house	945	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,425	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,965	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,060	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	80	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,530	...	...
1 person	11,075	...	...
2 persons	11,810	...	...
3 persons	4,625	...	...
4 persons	3,525	...	...
5 or more persons	1,490	...	...
Number of persons in private households	70,730	34,460	36,275
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	61,800	29,680	32,125
Married or living common-law	33,305	16,610	16,690
Married	26,495	13,220	13,275
Living common-law	6,805	3,395	3,410
Living common law - Never married	4,745	2,370	2,380
Living common law - Separated	420	215	210
Living common law - Divorced	1,420	710	710
Living common law - Widowed	220	105	115
Not married and not living common-law	28,500	13,065	15,440
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,815	9,215	7,600
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,170	920	1,250
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,460	1,820	2,640
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,055	1,115	3,945
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,550	...	...
2 persons	12,020	...	...
3 persons	4,305	...	...
4 persons	3,140	...	...
5 or more persons	1,090	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,555	...	...
Total couple families	16,375	...	...
Married couples	12,970	...	...
With children⁶	5,600	...	...
Without children	7,365	...	...
Common-law couples	3,400	...	...
With children⁶	1,415	...	...
Without children	1,990	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,180	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,235	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	70,730	34,460	36,270
Total - Persons in census families	55,275	27,245	28,030
Married spouses or common-law partners	32,745	16,345	16,395
Parents in one-parent families	4,185	945	3,235
Children⁶	18,350	9,950	8,400
In a two-parent family	12,145	6,535	5,610
In a one-parent family	6,205	3,415	2,790
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,460	7,220	8,240
Living alone	11,075	4,855	6,215
Living with other relatives⁷	1,590	725	865
Living with non-relatives only	2,795	1,635	1,160
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,530	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,705	...	...
Couple-family households	15,320	...	...
With children⁶	6,580	...	...
Without children	8,740	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,385	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	560	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	850	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,240	...	...
One-person households	11,075	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,495	29,105	31,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,615	28,145	30,470
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,635	28,160	30,480
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,035	25,215	25,820
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,715	21,245	18,470
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	54,185	25,640	28,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,000	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,550	3,150	3,405
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,160	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,640	6,830	7,810
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,495	29,135	31,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,635	28,115	30,510
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,680	56,700	43,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,670	28,145	30,525
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	47,680	37,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,010	25,125	25,885
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	51,800	36,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,715	21,275	18,440
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	46,440	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	54,245	25,560	28,685
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,400	11,460	13,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,560	3,310	3,255
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,180	7,630	6,730
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,440	6,855	7,585
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	9,030	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,490	29,140	31,355
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,325	9,370	7,955
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	76,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	78,300	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,055	7,075	7,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,200	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,240	29,120	21,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.6	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.9	62.0	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.1	18.4	28.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.4	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,490	29,110	31,385
Without total income	1,875	960	915
With total income	58,615	28,145	30,470
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,840	1,575	2,265
$10,000 to $19,999	7,430	2,740	4,690
$20,000 to $29,999	9,090	3,525	5,570
$30,000 to $39,999	8,500	4,005	4,490
$40,000 to $49,999	7,345	3,500	3,845
$50,000 to $59,999	5,385	2,525	2,860
$60,000 to $69,999	4,050	2,090	1,960
$70,000 to $79,999	3,195	1,790	1,410
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700	1,710	990
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,400	800
$100,000 and over	4,885	3,295	1,590
$100,000 to $149,999	3,795	2,515	1,275
$150,000 and over	1,090	775	320
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,490	29,110	31,385
Without after-tax income	1,855	950	905
With after-tax income	58,640	28,155	30,480
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,030	1,610	2,420
$10,000 to $19,999	7,685	2,860	4,830
$20,000 to $29,999	10,415	4,090	6,330
$30,000 to $39,999	10,060	4,875	5,185
$40,000 to $49,999	7,935	3,815	4,115
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	2,835	2,760
$60,000 to $69,999	4,310	2,500	1,810
$70,000 to $79,999	3,315	2,145	1,170
$80,000 to $89,999	2,225	1,335	895
$90,000 to $99,999	1,125	745	375
$100,000 and over	1,945	1,350	595
$100,000 to $124,999	1,135	785	355
$125,000 and over	810	570	240
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,490	29,110	31,385
Without employment income	20,775	7,860	12,915
With employment income	39,715	21,245	18,465
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,840	4,855	2,990
$5,000 to $9,999	3,000	1,320	1,685
$10,000 to $19,999	4,605	2,020	2,585
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,605	1,885
$30,000 to $39,999	3,380	1,500	1,875
$40,000 to $49,999	3,295	1,395	1,900
$50,000 to $59,999	2,685	1,255	1,425
$60,000 to $69,999	2,295	1,245	1,045
$70,000 to $79,999	1,895	1,130	765
$80,000 to $89,999	2,010	1,365	645
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	1,130	705
$100,000 and over	3,385	2,425	960
$100,000 to $124,999	2,090	1,470	625
$125,000 and over	1,290	960	335
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,495	29,105	31,390
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,760	27,670	30,090
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,780	27,675	30,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,765	25,050	25,720
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,100	21,370	18,735
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,040	24,620	27,420
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	6,000	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,570	2,770	2,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,500	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,495	29,135	31,355
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,805	27,595	30,210
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	55,200	40,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,820	27,595	30,225
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	46,200	35,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,770	24,910	25,850
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	52,700	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,040	21,305	18,740
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,360	37,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,085	24,545	27,540
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,470	8,580	10,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,435	2,860	2,575
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	7,580	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,490	29,140	31,355
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,125	9,220	7,900
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	74,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900	77,800	58,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,255	6,695	7,560
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	25,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,280	35,200	25,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	76.6
Employment income (%)	63.6	67.6	58.5
Government transfers (%)	18.0	13.8	23.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,530	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,075	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,455	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,530	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,455	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,530	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	860	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,540	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,525	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,270	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,370	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,465	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,460	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,715	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,445	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,970	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,710	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,025	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,585	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,940	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,910	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,530	...	...
Under $5,000	225	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	590	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,645	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,620	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,580	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,865	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,100	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,815	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,550	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,630	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,225	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,695	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,580	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,860	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,115	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,980	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,870	6,495	7,375
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	38,000	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,580	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,810	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,170	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,960	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,845	6,515	7,330
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,120	46,800	41,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,440	40,240	36,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	70,735	34,460	36,275
0 to 17 years	12,305	6,410	5,895
0 to 5 years	3,735	1,985	1,750
18 to 64 years	41,475	20,225	21,240
65 years and over	16,960	7,825	9,135
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,295	3,615	4,675
0 to 17 years	1,650	855	790
0 to 5 years	565	280	285
18 to 64 years	4,660	2,170	2,485
65 years and over	1,985	580	1,405
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.5	12.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.4	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	14.0	16.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.8	11.7
65 years and over (%)	11.7	7.4	15.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,730	34,460	36,270
0 to 17 years	12,305	6,410	5,895
0 to 5 years	3,740	1,985	1,755
18 to 64 years	41,470	20,230	21,245
65 years and over	16,955	7,820	9,135
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,245	1,645	1,605
0 to 17 years	385	205	180
0 to 5 years	120	65	55
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,365	1,250
65 years and over	245	75	170
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.8	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.7	5.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	70,735	34,465	36,275
In bottom half of the distribution	36,965	17,320	19,640
In bottom decile	7,405	3,460	3,945
In second decile	7,945	3,405	4,540
In third decile	7,560	3,600	3,960
In fourth decile	7,085	3,440	3,645
In fifth decile	6,970	3,415	3,555
In top half of the distribution	33,770	17,140	16,630
In sixth decile	7,010	3,475	3,530
In seventh decile	7,225	3,625	3,600
In eighth decile	7,345	3,755	3,590
In ninth decile	7,070	3,620	3,450
In top decile	5,125	2,660	2,470
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	70,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,235	34,640	36,600
English only	64,300	31,705	32,590
French only	35	15	20
English and French	6,605	2,805	3,800
Neither English nor French	300	120	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,235	34,640	36,600
English	68,920	33,605	35,315
French	1,910	865	1,045
English and French	145	70	75
Neither English nor French	260	100	160
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,235	34,640	36,600
Single responses	69,825	33,960	35,865
Official languages	64,080	31,170	32,905
English	61,975	30,220	31,755
French	2,100	950	1,150
Non-official languages	5,745	2,790	2,955
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40
Algonquian languages	50	15	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	15	30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	40	15	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,690	2,775	2,915
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	105	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	160	105	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	145	95	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	40	80
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	185	110	70
Kannada	10	5	0
Malayalam	110	60	45
Tamil	45	25	15
Telugu	25	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,445	2,175	2,275
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	475	215	255
Baltic languages	25	10	20
Latvian	10	0	10
Lithuanian	15	5	10
Slavic languages	450	205	240
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	10	5
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	180	75	105
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	75	40	40
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10
Ukrainian	100	45	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	450	195	255
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	335	140	195
German	320	135	185
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	45	35
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	65	35	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	20
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	610	335	275
Indo-Aryan languages	550	305	245
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	25	20
Gujarati	100	55	45
Hindi	125	75	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	20	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	115	95
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	10	0
Urdu	35	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	25	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,885	1,410	1,470
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	2,480	1,205	1,280
Portuguese	155	75	75
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	235	120	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	35	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	40	25	15
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10
American Sign Language	10	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	175	75	95
Chinese languages	170	75	95
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	110	60	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	460	200	260
Estonian	45	20	25
Finnish	385	170	210
Hungarian	40	20	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,415	680	735
English and French	575	280	295
English and non-official language(s)	755	355	400
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	50	30	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,235	34,640	36,600
English	65,145	31,875	33,275
French	300	135	160
Non-official language	1,005	470	535
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	470	535
English and French	1,220	490	730
English and non-official language(s)	3,355	1,575	1,780
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	135	60	80
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,235	34,640	36,600
Single responses	70,425	34,255	36,175
Official languages	68,495	33,335	35,160
English	68,080	33,160	34,920
French	420	180	240
Non-official languages	1,935	915	1,015
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,930	915	1,015
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	80	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	80	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	125	70	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	35	25
Tamil	25	10	10
Telugu	15	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,355	615	745
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45
Baltic languages	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	5
Slavic languages	75	35	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	15
Russian	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	15
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	15	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	35	10	20
German	35	10	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	400	215	185
Indo-Aryan languages	360	195	165
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	15	10
Gujarati	70	35	40
Hindi	70	40	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	90	65
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	835	345	490
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	640	245	395
Portuguese	60	25	35
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	130	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	20	10	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15
American Sign Language	30	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	40
Chinese languages	90	45	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	40	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	85	35	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	75	35	40
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	810	385	420
English and French	225	105	125
English and non-official language(s)	560	275	285
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,235	34,640	36,600
None	67,145	32,810	34,335
English	880	415	470
French	910	360	550
Non-official language	1,965	910	1,055
Indigenous³⁹	125	45	85
Non-Indigenous	1,840	865	975
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	50
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	70,735	34,465	36,275
Official languages	70,420	34,335	36,085
English	70,370	34,315	36,060
French	6,590	2,775	3,820
Non-official languages	8,185	4,025	4,160
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	100	210
Algonquian languages	295	90	205
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	290	85	205
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	290	85	205
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	0	30
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	255	85	175
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,900	3,930	3,965
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	140	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	200	140	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	190	135	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	55	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	50	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	15	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	225	150	70
Kannada	20	15	0
Malayalam	90	60	25
Tamil	90	55	35
Telugu	75	45	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,150	3,045	3,105
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	580	290	290
Baltic languages	30	0	25
Latvian	15	0	15
Lithuanian	15	0	15
Slavic languages	550	285	260
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	215	85	130
Russian	55	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	70	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	105	65	40
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	15
Ukrainian	140	85	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	650	280	375
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	505	220	280
German	495	220	275
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	0	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	40	55
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	90	40	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	55	10	40
Danish	20	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	0	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages	960	600	360
Indo-Aryan languages	845	535	315
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	25
Gujarati	95	60	25
Hindi	505	310	195
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	30	0	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	365	240	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0
Urdu	55	30	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Iranian languages	120	70	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	65	45	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	25	25
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,970	1,905	2,070
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	3,300	1,560	1,740
Portuguese	125	60	70
Romanian	35	25	10
Spanish	595	285	310
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	55	20	35
Korean	85	40	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	150	95	55
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	75	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	130	55	75
American Sign Language	110	50	60
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	365	215	155
Chinese languages	365	205	155
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	205	115	90
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	90	75
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	550	240	315
Estonian	55	25	30
Finnish	445	195	255
Hungarian	60	25	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,735	34,460	36,270
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,430	4,025	4,400
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,200	3,950	4,250
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,785	2,245	2,540
Métis	3,365	1,670	1,690
Inuk (Inuit)	50	30	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	85	35	50
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	45	105
Non-Indigenous identity	62,305	30,430	31,870
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,735	34,460	36,270
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,550	1,595	1,960
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	67,175	32,865	34,310
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,530	...	...
Owner	22,215	...	...
Renter	10,315	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,530	...	...
Condominium	880	...	...
Not condominium	31,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,530	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...
1 bedroom	3,935	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,700	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,095	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	6,655	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,530	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,405	...	...
5 rooms	4,995	...	...
6 rooms	4,965	...	...
7 rooms	4,430	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,735	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,530	...	...
One person or fewer per room	32,395	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,530	...	...
Suitable	31,630	...	...
Not suitable	900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,530	...	...
1960 or before	11,130	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,350	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,405	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,195	...	...
2001 to 2005	605	...	...
2006 to 2010	765	...	...
2011 to 2015	595	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,530	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	30,210	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,320	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,530	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,575	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,035	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	920	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,530	...	...
15 to 24 years	930	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,960	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,505	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,845	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,745	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,175	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,790	...	...
85 years and over	1,585	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,415	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,195	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,215	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,530	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,635	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,555	...	...
Not suitable only	645	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,670	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	515	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,895	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,145	...	...
In core need	2,225	...	...
Not in core need	29,920	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,195	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	7.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,082	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	282,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,320	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	70,735	34,460	36,275
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,250	1,535	1,715
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,150	1,500	1,655
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,505	1,155	1,355
Métis single ancestry	620	335	290
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	95	35	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	35	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,295	2,990	3,300
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,155	2,890	3,265
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,115	1,950	2,165
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,025	930	1,095
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	100	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	95	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	61,190	29,935	31,255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	70,735	34,460	36,275
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,640	33,335	35,300
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,010	6,205	5,805
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	56,625	27,125	29,495
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,095	1,125	970
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	70,735	34,460	36,275
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,820	31,020	32,800
Immigrants⁸¹	5,990	2,845	3,150
Before 1980	3,930	1,830	2,100
1980 to 1990	325	140	180
1991 to 2000	320	135	190
2001 to 2010	500	270	230
2011 to 2021⁸²	910	465	450
2011 to 2015	320	170	155
2016 to 2021	590	295	295
Non-permanent residents⁸³	925	600	320
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,995	2,840	3,150
Under 5 years	930	480	450
5 to 14 years	1,410	705	710
15 to 24 years	1,595	780	820
25 to 44 years	1,800	780	1,025
45 years and over	250	100	155
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,995	2,840	3,150
Americas	915	365	555
Brazil	25	15	10
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	20	0
Mexico	30	15	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	15
United States of America	580	185	395
Other places of birth in Americas	220	120	105
Europe	3,905	1,870	2,035
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Croatia	65	40	25
France	45	15	25
Germany	345	155	195
Greece	15	10	10
Hungary	45	15	25
Italy	1,830	895	940
Netherlands	70	30	45
Poland	100	35	70
Portugal	75	30	40
Romania	55	35	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	15	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	715	355	365
Other places of birth in Europe	495	240	255
Africa	210	125	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	30	15
Somalia	20	0	15
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	125	75	50
Asia	945	470	470
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	115	85	30
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	170	85	90
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	35
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	65	15	50
Viet Nam	15	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	300	160	140
Pakistan	25	15	15
Sri Lanka	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	85	40	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	290	295
Americas	130	55	75
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10
United States of America	55	0	45
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20
Europe	45	25	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	20	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	110	50	60
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	20	35
Asia	310	165	140
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	110	50	60
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	115	80	30
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	70,735	34,465	36,275
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,445	3,720	3,730
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,840	5,280	5,560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,450	25,465	26,985
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,060	1,010	1,050
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	855	450	405
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	365	280	85
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	490	170	320
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	880	350	525
Refugees¹⁰⁸	305	195	110
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	15	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,060	1,010	1,050
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	35	30	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	290	160	130
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	80	20	60
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	140	80	55
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	10	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,475	710	770
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	70,735	34,460	36,270
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,215	1,810	1,400
South Asian	1,135	715	420
Chinese	450	230	215
Black	635	345	290
Filipino	185	70	115
Arab	140	90	50
Latin American	215	140	75
Southeast Asian	70	30	35
West Asian	55	35	30
Korean	105	35	70
Japanese	50	25	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	55	35
Multiple visible minorities	85	35	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	67,520	32,650	34,870
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	70,730	34,460	36,275
Canadian	9,405	4,600	4,805
English	17,825	8,535	9,285
Irish	15,160	6,990	8,175
Scottish	15,005	7,180	7,825
French, n.o.s.¹²²	14,210	6,625	7,580
German	6,885	3,325	3,560
Chinese	445	235	210
Italian	14,560	7,315	7,245
Indian (India)	830	545	285
Ukrainian	3,520	1,670	1,850
Dutch	1,640	825	820
Polish	2,650	1,340	1,310
Québécois	140	65	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,110	995	1,115
Filipino	195	70	125
French Canadian	1,590	755	835
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,355	705	650
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,200	1,520	1,680
Métis	2,855	1,390	1,465
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	860	410	455
Russian	455	205	250
Norwegian	615	295	320
Welsh	1,205	545	660
Portuguese	345	180	165
American	845	420	425
Spanish	245	105	140
Swedish	1,100	530	580
Hungarian	345	150	195
Acadian	75	30	55
Pakistani	70	40	30
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	65	70
Jewish	115	70	50
Punjabi	45	30	15
Vietnamese	30	10	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	15	25
Greek	220	95	125
Jamaican	155	80	75
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	55	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	345	140	205
Korean	120	40	80
Romanian	260	145	110
Lebanese	80	35	40
Iranian	35	20	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	55	75
Danish	420	205	215
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,355	655	705
Sikh	20	10	15
Austrian	505	275	235
Belgian	225	115	105
Haitian	20	0	10
Hindu	100	55	45
Mexican	105	55	55
Mennonite	30	15	10
Swiss	150	65	85
Finnish	3,435	1,665	1,770
Sri Lankan	15	10	0
Croatian	835	430	400
Japanese	55	25	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	60	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	115	90
Muslim	30	15	15
Egyptian	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	25	15	0
Icelandic	120	65	55
Colombian	45	25	15
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	180	85	90
Syrian	150	90	55
Guyanese	40	25	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	30	20
Serbian	70	45	25
Ojibway	1,350	625	725
Newfoundlander	95	40	50
Hong Konger	10	0	0
Ontarian	405	215	190
Persian	35	20	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	55	30	30
Bangladeshi	20	10	10
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	15	10
Nigerian	15	0	10
Armenian	15	0	10
Slovak	195	75	115
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	40	50
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	30	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	125	50	85
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10
Lithuanian	305	195	110
South African	0	0	0
Australian	20	15	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	40	10	30
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	60	40	20
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	120	50	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	30
New Brunswicker	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	15	15
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	35	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	45	75
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	30	20	10
Barbadian	20	10	15
African American	115	70	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	50	65
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	10
Cuban	25	15	10
Bosnian	10	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	65	40	25
Bengali	10	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	45	30	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	30	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	50	35	20
Franco Ontarian	90	40	55
Argentinian	35	20	15
Estonian	245	120	115
Kurdish	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	25	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	20
Byelorussian	20	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	15	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	30	30
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	215	105	110
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	0	10
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	10	10
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0
Rwandan	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	10	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	45	15	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	15	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	25	10	20
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	30	10	25
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	10	0
Uruguayan	15	0	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	10	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	70,735	34,460	36,270
Buddhist	110	45	70
Christian	41,645	19,145	22,500
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,645	1,735	1,915
Anabaptist	15	0	10
Anglican	3,290	1,440	1,845
Baptist	1,035	460	575
Catholic	23,530	11,110	12,415
Christian Orthodox	140	55	85
Jehovah's Witness	530	230	300
Latter Day Saints	195	75	120
Lutheran	1,120	555	565
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	85	135
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	540	215	325
Presbyterian	830	365	470
Reformed	20	15	0
United Church	4,225	1,785	2,440
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,310	1,015	1,295
Hindu	510	335	175
Jewish	40	20	20
Muslim	310	185	130
Sikh	270	180	90
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	235	85	150
Other religions and spiritual traditions	425	195	235
No religion and secular perspectives	27,185	14,270	12,915
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,160	34,210	35,950
Non-movers	62,445	30,345	32,105
Movers	7,715	3,870	3,845
Non-migrants	5,655	2,830	2,825
Migrants	2,060	1,040	1,025
Internal migrants	1,690	835	850
Intraprovincial migrants	1,415	705	710
Interprovincial migrants	270	135	140
External migrants	370	200	175
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	67,720	32,955	34,770
Non-movers	44,880	21,670	23,210
Movers	22,845	11,280	11,560
Non-migrants	15,250	7,355	7,895
Migrants	7,595	3,925	3,665
Internal migrants	6,170	3,060	3,110
Intraprovincial migrants	5,340	2,650	2,690
Interprovincial migrants	830	410	420
External migrants	1,425	865	560
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,490	29,135	31,355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,790	5,400	5,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,700	23,735	25,965
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,990	17,335	18,660
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,430	1,815	1,615
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,565	15,525	17,035
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,495	29,140	31,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,640	4,640	5,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,570	8,900	9,665
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,285	15,595	16,690
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,445	10,435	10,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,115	3,195	920
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,845	1,240	615
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,265	1,960	305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,330	6,800	8,530
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,000	435	565
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,840	5,160	6,675
Bachelor's degree	8,660	3,640	5,020
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	890	380	505
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	220	120
Master's degree	1,630	735	895
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	320	190	130
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,990	17,330	18,655
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,015	1,620	1,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,055	5,205	4,850
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,915	10,510	12,410
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,065	6,860	7,205
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,275	1,725	545
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,060	705	360
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,215	1,025	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,145	4,855	6,290
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	650	280	365
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,855	3,645	5,205
Bachelor's degree	6,455	2,575	3,885
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	625	255	365
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270	155	115
Master's degree	1,245	525	720
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	135	120
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,495	29,140	31,350
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,210	13,545	14,660
Education	2,185	595	1,580
13. Education	2,185	595	1,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	785	380	410
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	60	0
50. Visual and performing arts	715	315	400
Humanities	1,175	455	720
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	325	70	255
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	100	200
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	25	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	80	25
54. History	205	115	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,605	1,025	2,580
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	95	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	865	55	810
22. Legal professions and studies	420	140	280
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	65
42. Psychology	965	195	770
45. Social sciences	1,050	525	520
Business, management and public administration	5,495	1,765	3,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	130	690
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,665	1,635	3,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies	955	475	480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	265	280
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	80	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	20
40. Physical sciences	175	110	60
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,145	750	395
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	890	620	270
25. Library science	65	0	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	90	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,040	6,720	320
04. Architecture and related services	110	75	30
14. Engineering	705	660	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,005	1,860	150
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,475	1,445	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,775	1,730	45
48. Precision production	975	955	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,000	730	275
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	125	130
03. Natural resources and conservation	750	600	150
Health and related fields	6,090	1,135	4,955
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	420	250	170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545	805	4,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,805	1,575	1,230
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,205	315	885
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,100	785	315
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	460	25
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,990	17,335	18,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,075	6,825	6,245
Education	1,365	345	1,020
13. Education	1,365	345	1,020
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	585	255	335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	550	230	325
Humanities	760	270	490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45
23. English language and literature/letters	230	60	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	180	55	125
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	20
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	20
54. History	130	65	65
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	10	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,700	695	2,005
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	80	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	660	45	610
22. Legal professions and studies	310	85	230
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	10	50
42. Psychology	715	130	585
45. Social sciences	765	350	415
Business, management and public administration	4,205	1,320	2,890
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	675	100	580
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,520	1,215	2,305
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	310	395
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	415	180	235
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	135	50	85
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20
40. Physical sciences	120	75	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	855	595	260
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	525	185
25. Library science	35	0	35
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,465	4,215	250
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	30
14. Engineering	495	450	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,360	1,255	105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	925	905	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,035	995	35
48. Precision production	555	550	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	735	490	245
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	95	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	535	400	130
Health and related fields	4,395	870	3,515
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	205	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,975	625	3,355
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,140	1,145	1,000
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	915	205	715
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	885	615	270
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	320	10
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,990	17,335	18,655
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,075	6,825	6,245
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	22,920	10,510	12,410
Location of study inside Canada	20,445	9,285	11,170
Same as province or territory of residence	19,580	8,900	10,685
Different than province or territory of residence	870	385	485
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,470	1,225	1,240
Americas	1,660	785	875
United States of America	1,555	730	820
Mexico	15	0	10
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	25	15
Europe	195	140	60
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	85	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	55	35	25
Nigeria	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0
Asia	525	255	275
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	15	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	95	30	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	335	190	145
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	30	15	10
Australia	30	15	10
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,495	29,140	31,355
In the labour force	33,210	16,950	16,260
Employed	28,895	14,775	14,120
Unemployed	4,315	2,175	2,140
Not in the labour force	27,275	12,185	15,090
Participation rate	54.9	58.2	51.9
Employment rate	47.8	50.7	45.0
Unemployment rate	13.0	12.8	13.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,495	29,140	31,350
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,860	11,970	14,890
Worked	33,630	17,170	16,465
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,790	9,640	8,150
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	15,845	7,530	8,315
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	41.6	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,215	16,950	16,260
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855
Employee	29,685	15,005	14,680
Permanent position	25,010	12,630	12,380
Temporary position	4,675	2,370	2,300
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,350	620	735
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,320	1,755	1,570
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,675	1,500	1,175
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,215	16,950	16,260
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410
All occupations¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	180	125	55
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,415	1,275	3,140
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,860	1,530	335
3 Health occupations	3,560	585	2,975
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,700	1,565	3,140
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	650	265	380
6 Sales and service occupations	9,080	3,920	5,165
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,680	5,275	400
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	530	445	90
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,705	1,520	180
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,215	16,950	16,260
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	860	450	410
All industries¹⁹¹	32,355	16,505	15,855
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	335	220	115
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	260	245	15
22 Utilities	290	225	65
23 Construction	2,140	1,925	210
31-33 Manufacturing	3,315	2,890	420
41 Wholesale trade	540	425	120
44-45 Retail trade	4,580	2,250	2,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,115	815	300
51 Information and cultural industries	330	210	125
52 Finance and insurance	850	270	580
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	445	240	205
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,330	695	635
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,400	935	460
61 Educational services	2,805	920	1,890
62 Health care and social assistance	5,835	1,010	4,825
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,030	470	560
72 Accommodation and food services	2,310	905	1,415
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,355	695	660
91 Public administration	2,050	1,155	900
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	36,220	18,520	17,700
English	35,120	18,120	17,000
French	115	20	90
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	700	235	465
English and non-official language(s)	255	120	135
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	36,220	18,520	17,700
Single responses	36,120	18,485	17,635
Official languages	36,090	18,465	17,625
English	35,875	18,415	17,460
French	215	50	160
Non-official languages	30	20	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	20	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	95	35	60
English and French	70	20	50
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	36,220	18,520	17,700
None	35,330	18,180	17,155
English	120	30	85
French	540	200	340
Non-official language	210	100	115
Indigenous³⁹	60	15	40
Non-Indigenous	155	90	70
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,895	14,775	14,120
Worked at home	4,785	1,965	2,825
Worked outside Canada	130	65	60
No fixed workplace address	2,745	2,065	680
Usual place of work	21,235	10,690	10,550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	21,235	10,690	10,545
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,370	10,120	10,255
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	600	400	200
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	195	130	65
Commute to a different province or territory	60	35	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,980	12,750	11,230
Car, truck or van	21,745	11,555	10,190
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,045	10,855	9,195
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,700	705	995
Public transit	690	310	375
Walked	990	530	460
Bicycle	230	190	40
Other method	330	160	165
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,980	12,750	11,230
Less than 15 minutes	15,710	7,995	7,715
15 to 29 minutes	6,655	3,710	2,950
30 to 44 minutes	940	580	360
45 to 59 minutes	250	140	105
60 minutes and over	420	325	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,980	12,750	11,230
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,785	1,450	340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,945	2,450	1,500
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,705	3,120	2,585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,115	2,490	3,625
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,795	1,195	1,600
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,625	2,045	1,580
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,535	6,525	6,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,695	850	845
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,835	5,675	5,165
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,245	4,795	4,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,265	630	635
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	720	355	365
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	545	270	270
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,980	4,170	3,810

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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