Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brandon, City (CY)More information: Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	51,313
Population, 2016¹	48,883^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0
Total private dwellings²	22,526
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,203
Population density per square kilometre	649.2
Land area in square kilometres	79.04
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	51,315
0 to 14 years	9,395
0 to 4 years	2,975
5 to 9 years	3,345
10 to 14 years	3,080
15 to 64 years	33,505
15 to 19 years	3,160
20 to 24 years	3,950
25 to 29 years	3,755
30 to 34 years	3,850
35 to 39 years	3,810
40 to 44 years	3,535
45 to 49 years	3,100
50 to 54 years	2,665
55 to 59 years	2,925
60 to 64 years	2,755
65 years and over	8,410
65 to 69 years	2,410
70 to 74 years	2,095
75 to 79 years	1,400
80 to 84 years	1,205
85 years and over	1,290
85 to 89 years	750
90 to 94 years	420
95 to 99 years	105
100 years and over	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.3
15 to 64 years	65.3
65 years and over	16.4
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	39.0
Median age of the population	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,205
Single-detached house	11,045
Semi-detached house	915
Row house	1,600
Apartment or flat in a duplex	530
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,220
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	725
Other single-attached house	30
Movable dwelling⁴	1,135
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,200
1 person	6,595
2 persons	7,235
3 persons	3,095
4 persons	2,715
5 or more persons	1,560
Number of persons in private households	49,840
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	41,915
Married or living common-law	22,860
Married	18,620
Living common-law	4,240
Living common law - Never married	3,260
Living common law - Separated	140
Living common law - Divorced	765
Living common law - Widowed	70
Not married and not living common-law	19,055
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,030
Not married and not living common law - Separated	955
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,645
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,420
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,515
2 persons	6,930
3 persons	2,850
4 persons	2,555
5 or more persons	1,190
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,515
Total couple families	11,055
Married couples	8,930
With children⁶	4,675
Without children	4,260
Common-law couples	2,120
With children⁶	850
Without children	1,270
Total one-parent families	2,465
in which the parent is a woman+	1,960
in which the parent is a man+	500
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	49,840
Total - Persons in census families	38,975
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,105
Parents in one-parent families	2,465
Children⁶	14,410
In a two-parent family	10,305
In a one-parent family	4,100
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,865
Living alone	6,595
Living with other relatives⁷	1,345
Living with non-relatives only	2,925
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,205
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,180
Couple-family households	10,190
With children⁶	5,070
Without children	5,120
One-parent-family households	1,985
Multigenerational households⁸	335
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	620
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,380
One-person households	6,595
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	40,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,135
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,165
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,540
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,425
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,970
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,505
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,255
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	40,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,590
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,430
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,100
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,615
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,250
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,480
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,090
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	40,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,210
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,890
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	40,445
Without total income	1,310
With total income	39,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,130
$10,000 to $19,999	4,370
$20,000 to $29,999	5,985
$30,000 to $39,999	5,455
$40,000 to $49,999	5,080
$50,000 to $59,999	4,110
$60,000 to $69,999	2,980
$70,000 to $79,999	2,150
$80,000 to $89,999	1,675
$90,000 to $99,999	1,345
$100,000 and over	2,850
$100,000 to $149,999	2,070
$150,000 and over	785
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	40,445
Without after-tax income	1,280
With after-tax income	39,170
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,315
$10,000 to $19,999	4,790
$20,000 to $29,999	7,175
$30,000 to $39,999	6,800
$40,000 to $49,999	5,815
$50,000 to $59,999	3,980
$60,000 to $69,999	2,735
$70,000 to $79,999	1,885
$80,000 to $89,999	980
$90,000 to $99,999	580
$100,000 and over	1,120
$100,000 to $124,999	590
$125,000 and over	525
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	40,445
Without employment income	11,020
With employment income	29,430
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,470
$5,000 to $9,999	2,340
$10,000 to $19,999	3,720
$20,000 to $29,999	3,030
$30,000 to $39,999	3,155
$40,000 to $49,999	3,155
$50,000 to $59,999	2,580
$60,000 to $69,999	1,925
$70,000 to $79,999	1,585
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	1,010
$100,000 and over	2,115
$100,000 to $124,999	1,100
$125,000 and over	1,015
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	40,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,980
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,355
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,095
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,285
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	40,445
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,120
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,015
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,520
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,240
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,375
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	40,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	14,105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,115
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8
Employment income (%)	72.8
Government transfers (%)	13.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,200
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,595
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,610
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,205
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,600
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,605
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,200
Under $5,000	205
$5,000 to $9,999	195
$10,000 to $14,999	365
$15,000 to $19,999	355
$20,000 to $24,999	805
$25,000 to $29,999	835
$30,000 to $34,999	755
$35,000 to $39,999	870
$40,000 to $44,999	985
$45,000 to $49,999	880
$50,000 to $59,999	1,735
$60,000 to $69,999	1,690
$70,000 to $79,999	1,485
$80,000 to $89,999	1,405
$90,000 to $99,999	1,285
$100,000 and over	7,350
$100,000 to $124,999	2,600
$125,000 to $149,999	1,765
$150,000 to $199,999	1,820
$200,000 and over	1,165
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,200
Under $5,000	230
$5,000 to $9,999	200
$10,000 to $14,999	375
$15,000 to $19,999	395
$20,000 to $24,999	910
$25,000 to $29,999	1,010
$30,000 to $34,999	935
$35,000 to $39,999	1,115
$40,000 to $44,999	1,100
$45,000 to $49,999	1,065
$50,000 to $59,999	2,090
$60,000 to $69,999	1,980
$70,000 to $79,999	1,765
$80,000 to $89,999	1,525
$90,000 to $99,999	1,365
$100,000 and over	5,145
$100,000 to $124,999	2,380
$125,000 to $149,999	1,315
$150,000 and over	1,440
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,585
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,240
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,555
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,305
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,520
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,560
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,800
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,225
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,585
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,500
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,245
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,900
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,515
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	49,840
0 to 17 years	11,185
0 to 5 years	3,610
18 to 64 years	31,105
65 years and over	7,545
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,705
0 to 17 years	2,035
0 to 5 years	715
18 to 64 years	3,690
65 years and over	980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	18.2
0 to 5 years (%)	19.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.9
65 years and over (%)	13.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	49,840
0 to 17 years	11,185
0 to 5 years	3,605
18 to 64 years	31,105
65 years and over	7,550
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,775
0 to 17 years	615
0 to 5 years	205
18 to 64 years	2,025
65 years and over	135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	49,840
In bottom half of the distribution	29,645
In bottom decile	6,160
In second decile	6,285
In third decile	5,755
In fourth decile	5,795
In fifth decile	5,645
In top half of the distribution	20,200
In sixth decile	5,045
In seventh decile	4,960
In eighth decile	4,320
In ninth decile	3,495
In top decile	2,375
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	49,840
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	50,255
English only	46,705
French only	15
English and French	2,440
Neither English nor French	1,095
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	50,255
English	48,600
French	450
English and French	135
Neither English nor French	1,070
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	50,255
Single responses	48,580
Official languages	39,505
English	39,020
French	485
Non-official languages	9,080
Indigenous languages³⁹	225
Algonquian languages	165
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	100
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	100
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	10
Ojibway languages	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	40
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	40
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,860
Afro-Asiatic languages	775
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	135
Bilen	50
Oromo	15
Somali	70
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	635
Amharic	305
Arabic	150
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	180
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	565
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	45
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	470
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	80
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	55
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	105
Kannada	0
Malayalam	75
Tamil	20
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,420
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	750
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	745
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	55
Russian	165
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	10
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	505
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	580
Frisian	0
High German languages	335
German	335
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	220
Afrikaans	85
Dutch	55
Low German, n.o.s.	20
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	15
Danish	10
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	0
Swedish	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	25
Indo-Iranian languages	1,985
Indo-Aryan languages	1,940
Assamese	0
Bengali	30
Gujarati	1,240
Hindi	85
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	5
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15
Urdu	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	25
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,070
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	65
Romanian	15
Spanish	1,970
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	15
Korean	140
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	275
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	155
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	15
Dinka	5
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	5
American Sign Language	5
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,390
Chinese languages	1,385
Hakka	0
Mandarin	990
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	355
Chinese, n.o.s.	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	10
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	10
Estonian	0
Finnish	5
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,675
English and French	185
English and non-official language(s)	1,300
French and non-official language(s)	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	125
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	50,255
English	40,055
French	60
Non-official language	3,300
Indigenous³⁹	25
Non-Indigenous	3,270
English and French	375
English and non-official language(s)	5,940
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	150
Multiple non-official languages	370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	50,255
Single responses	48,770
Official languages	42,555
English	42,455
French	95
Non-official languages	6,220
Indigenous languages³⁹	45
Algonquian languages	30
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	10
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	10
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	560
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	5
Cushitic languages	105
Bilen	45
Oromo	0
Somali	55
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	455
Amharic	215
Arabic	95
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	145
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	320
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	55
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	45
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	75
Kannada	0
Malayalam	50
Tamil	10
Telugu	10
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	3,735
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	375
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	375
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	135
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	90
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	55
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	15
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695
Indo-Aryan languages	1,665
Assamese	0
Bengali	5
Gujarati	1,110
Hindi	65
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	80
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	15
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,560
Catalan	0
Italian	5
Portuguese	30
Romanian	0
Spanish	1,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	105
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	100
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	35
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	55
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	20
American Sign Language	15
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,145
Chinese languages	1,145
Hakka	0
Mandarin	815
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	305
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,485
English and French	75
English and non-official language(s)	1,360
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	50,255
None	44,635
English	2,100
French	290
Non-official language	2,375
Indigenous³⁹	200
Non-Indigenous	2,175
English and French	35
English and non-official language(s)	470
French and non-official language(s)	75
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	270
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	49,840
Official languages	48,795
English	48,780
French	2,400
Non-official languages	11,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	470
Algonquian languages	330
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	160
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	160
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	105
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	165
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	120
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	10
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	155
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	150
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,470
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,180
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	165
Bilen	55
Oromo	15
Somali	90
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	1,025
Amharic	630
Arabic	220
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	65
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	780
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15
Cebuano	80
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	745
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35
Creole languages	200
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	100
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30
Dravidian languages	160
Kannada	15
Malayalam	120
Tamil	55
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,755
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	985
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	985
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	140
Russian	385
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	25
Bosnian	15
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	705
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	855
Frisian	0
High German languages	510
German	505
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	350
Afrikaans	180
Dutch	75
Low German, n.o.s.	20
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	35
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	25
Indo-Iranian languages	2,375
Indo-Aryan languages	2,345
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	1,465
Hindi	1,310
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	30
Nepali	10
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	170
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	30
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,560
Catalan	0
Italian	40
Portuguese	65
Romanian	15
Spanish	2,470
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	95
Mongolian	15
Niger-Congo languages	865
Akan (Twi)	30
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	140
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	10
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	130
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	510
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	85
American Sign Language	70
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,455
Chinese languages	1,455
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,145
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	485
Chinese, n.o.s.	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25
Lao	25
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	49,840
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,075
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,855
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,925
Métis	2,910
Inuk (Inuit)	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	160
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60
Non-Indigenous identity	42,765
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	49,840
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,655
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	46,180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,200
Owner	12,900
Renter	8,300
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,200
Condominium	2,680
Not condominium	18,525
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,200
No bedrooms	235
1 bedroom	2,185
2 bedrooms	6,440
3 bedrooms	6,910
4 or more bedrooms	5,435
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,200
1 to 4 rooms	6,450
5 rooms	3,700
6 rooms	2,985
7 rooms	2,570
8 or more rooms	5,505
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,200
One person or fewer per room	20,615
More than one person per room	590
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,200
Suitable	20,030
Not suitable	1,175
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,200
1960 or before	5,100
1961 to 1980	6,725
1981 to 1990	2,215
1991 to 2000	1,835
2001 to 2005	1,165
2006 to 2010	1,385
2011 to 2015	1,530
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,245
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,200
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,010
Major repairs needed	1,195
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,200
One-maintainer household	11,190
Two-maintainer household	9,260
Three-or-more-maintainer household	755
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,200
15 to 24 years	1,340
25 to 34 years	3,785
35 to 44 years	4,200
45 to 54 years	3,310
55 to 64 years	3,510
65 to 74 years	2,790
75 to 84 years	1,675
85 years and over	595
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,155
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,700
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,450
30% to less than 100%	3,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,200
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,380
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,125
Not suitable only	945
Major repairs needed only	880
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	205
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	15,820
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	20,770
In core need	1,400
Not in core need	19,370
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,895
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1
% in core housing need⁶³	2.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,191
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	303,200
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,305
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.7
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	977
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	49,840
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,940
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,865
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,150
Métis single ancestry	710
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,255
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,060
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,355
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,675
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,640
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	49,840
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	43,495
Canadian citizens aged under 18	10,050
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	33,445
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,345
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	49,840
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	39,660
Immigrants⁸¹	9,035
Before 1980	560
1980 to 1990	285
1991 to 2000	355
2001 to 2010	2,950
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,880
2011 to 2015	2,125
2016 to 2021	2,760
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,145
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,030
Under 5 years	840
5 to 14 years	1,710
15 to 24 years	1,220
25 to 44 years	4,710
45 years and over	550
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,030
Americas	2,095
Brazil	25
Colombia	250
El Salvador	970
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	90
Mexico	85
Peru	15
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	190
Other places of birth in Americas	465
Europe	1,365
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20
Croatia	0
France	15
Germany	190
Greece	10
Hungary	0
Italy	0
Netherlands	65
Poland	60
Portugal	15
Romania	0
Russian Federation	70
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	340
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485
Other places of birth in Europe	80
Africa	1,910
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35
Egypt	10
Eritrea	245
Ethiopia	405
Morocco	0
Nigeria	580
Somalia	80
South Africa, Republic of	160
Other places of birth in Africa	395
Asia	3,640
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	1,020
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	70
Taiwan	10
Philippines	680
Viet Nam	25
Bangladesh	0
India	1,535
Pakistan	115
Sri Lanka	15
Other places of birth in Asia	120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,755
Americas	325
Brazil	25
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	65
Mexico	0
United States of America	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	190
Europe	125
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	0
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25
Other places of birth in Europe	10
Africa	1,015
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	170
Ethiopia	130
Morocco	0
Nigeria	430
Somalia	70
South Africa, Republic of	55
Sudan⁹⁷	45
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	95
Asia	1,280
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	170
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	830
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	20
Philippines	205
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	25
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	49,840
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,455
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,590
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,795
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,470
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,150
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,450
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,695
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,400
Refugees¹⁰⁸	900
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,470
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,355
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	390
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,500
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	49,840
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,650
South Asian	2,570
Chinese	1,500
Black	2,855
Filipino	870
Arab	105
Latin American	2,095
Southeast Asian	210
West Asian	30
Korean	95
Japanese	40
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35
Multiple visible minorities	240
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,190
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	49,840
Canadian	4,515
English	12,595
Irish	7,925
Scottish	11,025
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,585
German	6,090
Chinese	1,570
Italian	405
Indian (India)	1,685
Ukrainian	6,590
Dutch	1,465
Polish	2,990
Québécois	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,060
Filipino	905
French Canadian	240
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,755
Métis	2,660
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	460
Russian	1,085
Norwegian	1,000
Welsh	1,035
Portuguese	95
American	250
Spanish	280
Swedish	835
Hungarian	340
Acadian	40
Pakistani	95
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	400
Jewish	110
Punjabi	185
Vietnamese	70
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90
Greek	85
Jamaican	210
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	195
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	915
Korean	100
Romanian	260
Lebanese	25
Iranian	30
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	305
Danish	405
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	670
Sikh	75
Austrian	355
Belgian	1,065
Haitian	0
Hindu	540
Mexican	145
Mennonite	640
Swiss	240
Finnish	140
Sri Lankan	10
Croatian	60
Japanese	50
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200
Muslim	55
Egyptian	35
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	395
Tamil	0
Icelandic	750
Colombian	295
Moroccan	0
Czech	125
Syrian	25
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	100
Serbian	15
Ojibway	730
Newfoundlander	30
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	20
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15
Turkish	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	10
Nigerian	465
Armenian	45
Slovak	70
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80
Somali	90
Taiwanese	25
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	705
African Caribbean	35
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	55
South African	150
Australian	15
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	40
Nova Scotian	10
Ethiopian	325
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	390
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	20
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30
New Brunswicker	10
Gujarati	245
Eritrean	145
African Canadian	20
Israeli	25
Mohawk	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	20
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	40
Barbadian	0
African American	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30
Cuban	30
Bosnian	35
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10
Latvian	50
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	25
Ilocano	30
Northern Irish	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	10
Dominican	0
Nepali	10
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	90
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	15
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	45
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	160
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	135
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	180
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	70
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	30
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	20
Manitoban	270
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	135
Honduran	390
Cherokee	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	45
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	10
Mongolian	15
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	45
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	25
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	20
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	125
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	49,840
Buddhist	115
Christian	23,840
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,630
Anabaptist	415
Anglican	1,620
Baptist	460
Catholic	6,940
Christian Orthodox	1,030
Jehovah's Witness	175
Latter Day Saints	60
Lutheran	650
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,400
Presbyterian	485
Reformed	155
United Church	4,515
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,240
Hindu	1,840
Jewish	40
Muslim	525
Sikh	410
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	320
Other religions and spiritual traditions	300
No religion and secular perspectives	22,455
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	49,230
Non-movers	41,255
Movers	7,975
Non-migrants	5,445
Migrants	2,530
Internal migrants	1,945
Intraprovincial migrants	1,365
Interprovincial migrants	580
External migrants	585
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	46,845
Non-movers	25,290
Movers	21,560
Non-migrants	11,385
Migrants	10,170
Internal migrants	7,135
Intraprovincial migrants	5,475
Interprovincial migrants	1,660
External migrants	3,030
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,690
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,750
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,855
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,250
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,610
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,985
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,135
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,695
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,805
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,545
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,920
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	970
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,440
Bachelor's degree	5,905
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	580
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	270
Master's degree	1,455
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,875
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,950
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,995
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	830
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,165
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	570
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,825
Bachelor's degree	4,780
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	445
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	230
Master's degree	1,215
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,445
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,315
Education	1,995
13. Education	1,995
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	390
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35
50. Visual and performing arts	350
Humanities	810
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35
23. English language and literature/letters	160
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,750
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405
22. Legal professions and studies	230
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	355
45. Social sciences	565
Business, management and public administration	3,995
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,660
Physical and life sciences and technologies	710
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	265
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	180
41. Science technologies/technicians	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	725
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	590
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,540
04. Architecture and related services	50
14. Engineering	415
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	950
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	985
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	830
48. Precision production	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	740
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	600
03. Natural resources and conservation	140
Health and related fields	4,110
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,865
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	865
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	290
49. Transportation and materials moving	190
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,910
Education	1,325
13. Education	1,325
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	250
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25
50. Visual and performing arts	225
Humanities	610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30
23. English language and literature/letters	125
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	70
54. History	115
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,380
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	345
22. Legal professions and studies	190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35
42. Psychology	245
45. Social sciences	430
Business, management and public administration	3,065
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	225
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,840
Physical and life sciences and technologies	525
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10
40. Physical sciences	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	560
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	465
25. Library science	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,690
04. Architecture and related services	40
14. Engineering	355
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	705
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	750
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	615
48. Precision production	230
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	570
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465
03. Natural resources and conservation	105
Health and related fields	2,945
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,755
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,025
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	630
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	235
49. Transportation and materials moving	145
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	25,855
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,910
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,950
Location of study inside Canada	11,755
Same as province or territory of residence	9,860
Different than province or territory of residence	1,895
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,195
Americas	580
United States of America	290
Mexico	10
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	20
Brazil	20
Colombia	75
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	145
Europe	390
Belgium	0
France	10
Germany	30
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	30
Ukraine	175
Ireland⁹⁶	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10
Africa	495
Nigeria	260
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	15
South Africa, Republic of	70
Other locations of study in Africa	145
Asia	1,700
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	230
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	10
Korea, South⁹²	40
Philippines	410
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	890
Pakistan	55
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	30
Australia	15
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	40,445
In the labour force	27,410
Employed	25,340
Unemployed	2,060
Not in the labour force	13,040
Participation rate	67.8
Employment rate	62.7
Unemployment rate	7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	40,445
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,690
Worked	26,755
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	14,425
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,330
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	27,405
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	26,845
Employee	24,555
Permanent position	20,660
Temporary position	3,890
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,280
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,615
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,285
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	27,405
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565
All occupations¹⁹¹	26,845
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	165
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,110
3 Health occupations	2,845
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,990
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	405
6 Sales and service occupations	7,610
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,460
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	640
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,195
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	27,405
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	565
All industries¹⁹¹	26,845
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180
22 Utilities	170
23 Construction	1,815
31-33 Manufacturing	3,020
41 Wholesale trade	685
44-45 Retail trade	3,905
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,150
51 Information and cultural industries	405
52 Finance and insurance	740
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	890
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	910
61 Educational services	2,340
62 Health care and social assistance	4,725
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	420
72 Accommodation and food services	2,005
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,065
91 Public administration	1,715
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	28,985
English	27,890
French	40
Non-official language	180
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	170
English and French	190
English and non-official language(s)	640
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	28,985
Single responses	28,805
Official languages	28,545
English	28,460
French	85
Non-official languages	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	30
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	25
Amharic	10
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	135
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40
Indo-Aryan languages	40
Bengali	0
Gujarati	25
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	90
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	90
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85
Chinese languages	85
Hakka	0
Mandarin	45
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	180
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	140
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	28,985
None	28,275
English	110
French	115
Non-official language	395
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	380
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	15
French and non-official language(s)	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	55
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	25,340
Worked at home	2,165
Worked outside Canada	45
No fixed workplace address	3,075
Usual place of work	20,055
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,055
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,855
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,125
Commute to a different province or territory	125
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	23,130
Car, truck or van	20,795
Car, truck or van - as a driver	18,820
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,970
Public transit	800
Walked	1,130
Bicycle	160
Other method	250
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	23,130
Less than 15 minutes	15,135
15 to 29 minutes	5,550
30 to 44 minutes	1,320
45 to 59 minutes	540
60 minutes and over	585
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	23,130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,245
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,425
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,300
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,630
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,275
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	11,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	815
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,580
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	8,175
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	645
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,530

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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