Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Selkirk, City (CY)More information: Manitoba [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	10,504
Population, 2016¹	10,278
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2
Total private dwellings²	4,643
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,417
Population density per square kilometre	429.3
Land area in square kilometres	24.47
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	10,505
0 to 14 years	1,650
0 to 4 years	530
5 to 9 years	570
10 to 14 years	550
15 to 64 years	6,260
15 to 19 years	545
20 to 24 years	680
25 to 29 years	675
30 to 34 years	665
35 to 39 years	605
40 to 44 years	525
45 to 49 years	520
50 to 54 years	625
55 to 59 years	700
60 to 64 years	730
65 years and over	2,595
65 to 69 years	695
70 to 74 years	630
75 to 79 years	445
80 to 84 years	365
85 years and over	460
85 to 89 years	275
90 to 94 years	125
95 to 99 years	45
100 years and over	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7
15 to 64 years	59.6
65 years and over	24.7
85 years and over	4.4
Average age of the population	44.1
Median age of the population	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,415
Single-detached house	2,710
Semi-detached house	140
Row house	335
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	950
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	265
Other single-attached house	0
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,415
1 person	1,485
2 persons	1,505
3 persons	695
4 persons	470
5 or more persons	265
Number of persons in private households	9,935
Average household size	2.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	8,855
Married or living common-law	4,275
Married	3,290
Living common-law	985
Living common law - Never married	735
Living common law - Separated	45
Living common law - Divorced	185
Living common law - Widowed	25
Not married and not living common-law	4,580
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,615
Not married and not living common law - Separated	330
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	750
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	890
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,830
2 persons	1,580
3 persons	680
4 persons	415
5 or more persons	160
Average size of census families	2.7
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,835
Total couple families	2,055
Married couples	1,560
With children⁶	685
Without children	875
Common-law couples	490
With children⁶	235
Without children	255
Total one-parent families	780
in which the parent is a woman+	645
in which the parent is a man+	135
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,935
Total - Persons in census families	7,740
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,105
Parents in one-parent families	785
Children⁶	2,855
In a two-parent family	1,610
In a one-parent family	1,245
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,195
Living alone	1,490
Living with other relatives⁷	325
Living with non-relatives only	380
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,415
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,460
Couple-family households	1,845
With children⁶	820
Without children	1,025
One-parent-family households	615
Multigenerational households⁸	125
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	135
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	185
One-person households	1,490
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	8,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,995
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,995
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,890
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,195
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,450
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	970
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,805
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	8,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,030
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,030
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,915
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,195
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,485
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	980
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,860
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	8,285
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,440
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,025
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	8,280
Without total income	295
With total income	7,990
Under $10,000 (including loss)	640
$10,000 to $19,999	940
$20,000 to $29,999	1,460
$30,000 to $39,999	1,245
$40,000 to $49,999	1,025
$50,000 to $59,999	805
$60,000 to $69,999	550
$70,000 to $79,999	385
$80,000 to $89,999	300
$90,000 to $99,999	205
$100,000 and over	435
$100,000 to $149,999	340
$150,000 and over	95
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	8,280
Without after-tax income	295
With after-tax income	7,990
Under $10,000 (including loss)	660
$10,000 to $19,999	1,025
$20,000 to $29,999	1,725
$30,000 to $39,999	1,465
$40,000 to $49,999	1,155
$50,000 to $59,999	730
$60,000 to $69,999	490
$70,000 to $79,999	345
$80,000 to $89,999	135
$90,000 to $99,999	95
$100,000 and over	160
$100,000 to $124,999	95
$125,000 and over	70
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	8,280
Without employment income	3,090
With employment income	5,195
Under $5,000 (including loss)	665
$5,000 to $9,999	385
$10,000 to $19,999	670
$20,000 to $29,999	630
$30,000 to $39,999	595
$40,000 to $49,999	550
$50,000 to $59,999	455
$60,000 to $69,999	310
$70,000 to $79,999	240
$80,000 to $89,999	225
$90,000 to $99,999	165
$100,000 and over	300
$100,000 to $124,999	160
$125,000 and over	135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	8,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,815
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,820
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,845
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,270
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,960
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	745
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	8,280
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,830
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,830
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,895
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,310
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,985
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	765
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	8,285
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,440
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,895
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	80.6
Employment income (%)	65.2
Government transfers (%)	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,415
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	60,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,490
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,930
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,415
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,500
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,160
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,920
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,415
Under $5,000	30
$5,000 to $9,999	55
$10,000 to $14,999	80
$15,000 to $19,999	80
$20,000 to $24,999	230
$25,000 to $29,999	235
$30,000 to $34,999	210
$35,000 to $39,999	210
$40,000 to $44,999	235
$45,000 to $49,999	180
$50,000 to $59,999	390
$60,000 to $69,999	340
$70,000 to $79,999	320
$80,000 to $89,999	275
$90,000 to $99,999	265
$100,000 and over	1,275
$100,000 to $124,999	465
$125,000 to $149,999	315
$150,000 to $199,999	330
$200,000 and over	170
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,415
Under $5,000	35
$5,000 to $9,999	55
$10,000 to $14,999	85
$15,000 to $19,999	90
$20,000 to $24,999	245
$25,000 to $29,999	270
$30,000 to $34,999	240
$35,000 to $39,999	275
$40,000 to $44,999	270
$45,000 to $49,999	210
$50,000 to $59,999	440
$60,000 to $69,999	390
$70,000 to $79,999	380
$80,000 to $89,999	310
$90,000 to $99,999	225
$100,000 and over	900
$100,000 to $124,999	435
$125,000 to $149,999	235
$150,000 and over	230
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,810
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,045
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	940
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	725
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,870
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,785
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,040
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,800
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	950
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	710
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,890
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,935
0 to 17 years	1,975
0 to 5 years	635
18 to 64 years	5,760
65 years and over	2,195
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,690
0 to 17 years	530
0 to 5 years	185
18 to 64 years	815
65 years and over	345
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.0
0 to 17 years (%)	26.8
0 to 5 years (%)	29.4
18 to 64 years (%)	14.2
65 years and over (%)	15.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,935
0 to 17 years	1,975
0 to 5 years	635
18 to 64 years	5,760
65 years and over	2,200
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	485
0 to 17 years	125
0 to 5 years	40
18 to 64 years	335
65 years and over	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,935
In bottom half of the distribution	6,260
In bottom decile	1,475
In second decile	1,440
In third decile	1,125
In fourth decile	1,180
In fifth decile	1,035
In top half of the distribution	3,675
In sixth decile	985
In seventh decile	885
In eighth decile	825
In ninth decile	615
In top decile	360
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,935
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.463
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,995
English only	9,440
French only	5
English and French	520
Neither English nor French	35
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,995
English	9,860
French	90
English and French	10
Neither English nor French	35
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,995
Single responses	9,845
Official languages	9,045
English	8,925
French	115
Non-official languages	800
Indigenous languages³⁹	45
Algonquian languages	45
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	20
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	750
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	90
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	35
Kannada	0
Malayalam	35
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	570
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	25
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	15
Bosnian	0
Croatian	15
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	85
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	115
Frisian	0
High German languages	70
German	65
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	20
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	255
Indo-Aryan languages	250
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	20
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	5
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	155
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	110
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,995
English	9,295
French	15
Non-official language	165
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	165
English and French	45
English and non-official language(s)	435
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	20
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,995
Single responses	9,890
Official languages	9,510
English	9,490
French	20
Non-official languages	380
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	5
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	375
Afro-Asiatic languages	5
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	45
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	25
Kannada	0
Malayalam	25
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	270
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	30
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	5
Russian	15
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	5
Bosnian	0
Croatian	5
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	15
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	225
Indo-Aryan languages	225
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	20
Hindi	5
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	195
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	15
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	5
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	110
English and French	5
English and non-official language(s)	105
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,995
None	9,570
English	165
French	45
Non-official language	170
Indigenous³⁹	15
Non-Indigenous	160
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	25
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	15
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,935
Official languages	9,910
English	9,905
French	470
Non-official languages	980
Indigenous languages³⁹	110
Algonquian languages	110
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	55
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	55
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	45
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	55
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	875
Afro-Asiatic languages	20
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	20
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	90
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	0
Malayalam	80
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	655
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	160
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	20
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	10
Bosnian	0
Croatian	10
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	115
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	150
Frisian	0
High German languages	95
German	95
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	310
Indo-Aryan languages	310
Assamese	0
Bengali	0
Gujarati	25
Hindi	125
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	10
Romanian	0
Spanish	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	15
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,935
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,490
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,380
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,455
Métis	1,925
Inuk (Inuit)	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15
Non-Indigenous identity	6,445
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,935
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,255
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,420
Owner	2,655
Renter	1,765
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,420
Condominium	265
Not condominium	4,155
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,420
No bedrooms	40
1 bedroom	675
2 bedrooms	1,355
3 bedrooms	1,570
4 or more bedrooms	780
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,420
1 to 4 rooms	1,420
5 rooms	735
6 rooms	820
7 rooms	505
8 or more rooms	940
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,420
One person or fewer per room	4,340
More than one person per room	80
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,420
Suitable	4,205
Not suitable	215
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,420
1960 or before	1,320
1961 to 1980	1,700
1981 to 1990	360
1991 to 2000	280
2001 to 2005	125
2006 to 2010	135
2011 to 2015	245
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	250
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,420
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,985
Major repairs needed	435
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,420
One-maintainer household	2,565
Two-maintainer household	1,675
Three-or-more-maintainer household	175
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,420
15 to 24 years	130
25 to 34 years	600
35 to 44 years	630
45 to 54 years	655
55 to 64 years	835
65 to 74 years	830
75 to 84 years	490
85 years and over	240
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,415
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,585
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	830
30% to less than 100%	775
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,420
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,340
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	725
Not suitable only	150
Major repairs needed only	340
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0
Acceptable housing	3,080
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,360
In core need	495
Not in core need	3,860
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,655
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.3
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,113
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	270,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	273,600
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,765
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	35.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.1
% in core housing need⁶³	22.3
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,930
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,590
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,530
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,030
Métis single ancestry	500
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,760
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,045
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	6,455
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,930
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,915
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,630
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	385
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,930
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	9,155
Immigrants⁸¹	700
Before 1980	215
1980 to 1990	60
1991 to 2000	30
2001 to 2010	110
2011 to 2021⁸²	285
2011 to 2015	100
2016 to 2021	180
Non-permanent residents⁸³	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	700
Under 5 years	110
5 to 14 years	90
15 to 24 years	135
25 to 44 years	325
45 years and over	35
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	700
Americas	75
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
El Salvador	0
Guyana	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
Peru	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0
United States of America	55
Other places of birth in Americas	15
Europe	235
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Croatia	0
France	0
Germany	55
Greece	0
Hungary	0
Italy	0
Netherlands	20
Poland	0
Portugal	10
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Ukraine	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105
Other places of birth in Europe	20
Africa	20
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10
Asia	360
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Taiwan	0
Philippines	75
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
India	250
Pakistan	0
Sri Lanka	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	180
Americas	10
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	0
United States of America	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0
Europe	0
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0
Africa	0
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	0
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0
Asia	170
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	145
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	0
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	0
Philippines	15
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,935
First generation¹⁰⁰	830
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,030
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,075
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	485
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	355
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	165
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	195
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	120
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	485
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	45
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	395
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,935
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	695
South Asian	390
Chinese	0
Black	95
Filipino	135
Arab	0
Latin American	0
Southeast Asian	0
West Asian	0
Korean	0
Japanese	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0
Multiple visible minorities	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	9,235
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,935
Canadian	885
English	1,835
Irish	1,115
Scottish	2,155
French, n.o.s.¹²²	940
German	1,490
Chinese	0
Italian	140
Indian (India)	255
Ukrainian	1,940
Dutch	425
Polish	940
Québécois	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	170
Filipino	130
French Canadian	40
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	80
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	845
Métis	1,720
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105
Russian	205
Norwegian	210
Welsh	185
Portuguese	20
American	85
Spanish	30
Swedish	140
Hungarian	65
Acadian	20
Pakistani	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40
Jewish	35
Punjabi	100
Vietnamese	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0
Greek	0
Jamaican	45
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	335
Korean	0
Romanian	55
Lebanese	25
Iranian	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0
Danish	50
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	400
Sikh	20
Austrian	70
Belgian	95
Haitian	0
Hindu	15
Mexican	0
Mennonite	110
Swiss	15
Finnish	45
Sri Lankan	0
Croatian	10
Japanese	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35
Muslim	0
Egyptian	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0
Tamil	0
Icelandic	895
Colombian	0
Moroccan	0
Czech	30
Syrian	0
Guyanese	0
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15
Serbian	0
Ojibway	245
Newfoundlander	0
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	0
Persian	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0
Turkish	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0
Bangladeshi	0
Algerian	0
Brazilian	0
Nigerian	0
Armenian	0
Slovak	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	0
Salvadorean	0
African Caribbean	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30
Algonquin	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15
Lithuanian	15
South African	0
Australian	15
Palestinian	0
Chilean	0
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	0
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0
Peruvian	0
Yoruba	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	0
Maltese	0
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	0
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	0
Israeli	0
Mohawk	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15
Bulgarian	0
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	0
Barbadian	0
African American	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0
Cuban	0
Bosnian	0
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	0
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	0
Laotian	0
Ilocano	0
Northern Irish	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	0
Estonian	0
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0
Coptic	0
Thai	0
Dominican	0
Nepali	0
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0
New Zealander	0
Sudanese	0
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	50
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	105
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	0
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	0
Oji-Cree	10
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	25
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	0
Honduran	0
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	10
United Empire Loyalist	0
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	0
Pashtun	0
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	0
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	0
Costa Rican	0
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,935
Buddhist	20
Christian	4,670
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	645
Anabaptist	30
Anglican	1,060
Baptist	55
Catholic	1,355
Christian Orthodox	50
Jehovah's Witness	55
Latter Day Saints	0
Lutheran	450
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60
Presbyterian	125
Reformed	0
United Church	620
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	165
Hindu	85
Jewish	0
Muslim	0
Sikh	240
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125
No religion and secular perspectives	4,735
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,805
Non-movers	8,740
Movers	1,070
Non-migrants	460
Migrants	610
Internal migrants	585
Intraprovincial migrants	480
Interprovincial migrants	110
External migrants	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	9,345
Non-movers	5,565
Movers	3,780
Non-migrants	1,360
Migrants	2,420
Internal migrants	2,220
Intraprovincial migrants	1,990
Interprovincial migrants	235
External migrants	200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,285
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,090
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,195
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,870
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	875
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,990
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,285
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,810
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,980
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,490
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,640
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	670
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	330
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	340
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220
Bachelor's degree or higher	855
Bachelor's degree	675
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0
Master's degree	95
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,870
No certificate, diploma or degree	765
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,335
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	360
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	190
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,165
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	165
Bachelor's degree or higher	645
Bachelor's degree	505
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0
Master's degree	80
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,795
Education	305
13. Education	305
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55
Humanities	95
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15
54. History	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	235
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70
22. Legal professions and studies	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0
42. Psychology	55
45. Social sciences	45
Business, management and public administration	640
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	570
Physical and life sciences and technologies	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	75
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	760
04. Architecture and related services	0
14. Engineering	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	190
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	225
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	190
48. Precision production	100
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	10
Health and related fields	940
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	925
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	250
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	150
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	40
49. Transportation and materials moving	55
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,540
Education	205
13. Education	205
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0
50. Visual and performing arts	40
Humanities	70
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10
54. History	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50
22. Legal professions and studies	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0
42. Psychology	35
45. Social sciences	30
Business, management and public administration	425
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	380
Physical and life sciences and technologies	50
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55
25. Library science	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	465
04. Architecture and related services	0
14. Engineering	35
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	115
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	145
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	135
48. Precision production	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	10
Health and related fields	645
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	635
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	160
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	90
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,870
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,540
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,330
Location of study inside Canada	2,080
Same as province or territory of residence	1,840
Different than province or territory of residence	240
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	245
Americas	35
United States of America	35
Mexico	0
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	0
Colombia	0
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0
Europe	20
Belgium	0
France	0
Germany	0
Netherlands	0
Switzerland	0
Hungary	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0
Africa	0
Nigeria	0
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0
Asia	190
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	0
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	0
Philippines	50
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	0
Sri Lanka	0
India	135
Pakistan	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0
Oceania	0
Australia	0
New Zealand	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	8,285
In the labour force	4,585
Employed	4,125
Unemployed	465
Not in the labour force	3,695
Participation rate	55.3
Employment rate	49.8
Unemployment rate	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	8,285
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,675
Worked	4,605
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,490
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,120
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,590
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,465
Employee	4,115
Permanent position	3,430
Temporary position	685
Fixed term (1 year or more)	210
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	480
Self-employed¹⁹²	345
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,590
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,465
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	600
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	170
3 Health occupations	600
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	545
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	70
6 Sales and service occupations	1,255
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	925
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	65
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	195
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,590
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125
All industries¹⁹¹	4,465
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30
22 Utilities	60
23 Construction	345
31-33 Manufacturing	335
41 Wholesale trade	145
44-45 Retail trade	630
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	250
51 Information and cultural industries	55
52 Finance and insurance	145
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	90
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	130
61 Educational services	370
62 Health care and social assistance	930
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	90
72 Accommodation and food services	335
81 Other services (except public administration)	185
91 Public administration	250
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,920
English	4,825
French	10
Non-official language	0
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	0
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	50
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,920
Single responses	4,910
Official languages	4,895
English	4,875
French	20
Non-official languages	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	15
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15
Indo-Aryan languages	15
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0
Chinese languages	0
Hakka	0
Mandarin	0
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	10
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,920
None	4,850
English	15
French	25
Non-official language	20
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	20
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	4,125
Worked at home	405
Worked outside Canada	0
No fixed workplace address	575
Usual place of work	3,145
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,145
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	140
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	835
Commute to a different province or territory	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,720
Car, truck or van	3,240
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,910
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	325
Public transit	35
Walked	335
Bicycle	50
Other method	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,720
Less than 15 minutes	2,035
15 to 29 minutes	460
30 to 44 minutes	710
45 to 59 minutes	340
60 minutes and over	155
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,720
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	840
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	935
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	725
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	365
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	670
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	180
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,825
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	140
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	90
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,295

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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