Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Moose Jaw, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,665	...	...
Population, 2016¹	33,910^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	16,143	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,719	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	511.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	65.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,665	16,520	17,145
0 to 14 years	5,965	3,135	2,830
0 to 4 years	1,675	880	790
5 to 9 years	2,070	1,075	995
10 to 14 years	2,220	1,175	1,045
15 to 64 years	20,565	10,230	10,335
15 to 19 years	1,945	980	970
20 to 24 years	1,770	945	825
25 to 29 years	1,855	955	900
30 to 34 years	2,165	1,105	1,065
35 to 39 years	2,295	1,130	1,165
40 to 44 years	2,155	1,030	1,125
45 to 49 years	1,915	915	1,000
50 to 54 years	1,785	860	925
55 to 59 years	2,265	1,125	1,135
60 to 64 years	2,420	1,185	1,235
65 years and over	7,135	3,160	3,975
65 to 69 years	2,160	1,010	1,155
70 to 74 years	1,755	835	915
75 to 79 years	1,175	545	630
80 to 84 years	895	370	525
85 years and over	1,150	405	745
85 to 89 years	625	235	380
90 to 94 years	405	145	265
95 to 99 years	105	25	85
100 years and over	20	0	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	19.0	16.5
15 to 64 years	61.1	61.9	60.3
65 years and over	21.2	19.1	23.2
85 years and over	3.4	2.5	4.3
Average age of the population	42.4	40.9	43.8
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,720	...	...
Single-detached house	10,405	...	...
Semi-detached house	345	...	...
Row house	410	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	360	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	635	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	255	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,720	...	...
1 person	5,090	...	...
2 persons	5,155	...	...
3 persons	1,820	...	...
4 persons	1,700	...	...
5 or more persons	955	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,950	16,240	16,710
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	27,700	13,385	14,310
Married or living common-law	15,290	7,645	7,640
Married	12,580	6,295	6,285
Living common-law	2,710	1,350	1,360
Living common law - Never married	1,820	925	900
Living common law - Separated	125	70	60
Living common law - Divorced	675	330	345
Living common law - Widowed	85	30	60
Not married and not living common-law	12,415	5,740	6,675
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,345	4,075	3,265
Not married and not living common law - Separated	795	325	470
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,185	895	1,290
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,090	445	1,645
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,140	...	...
2 persons	5,045	...	...
3 persons	1,720	...	...
4 persons	1,580	...	...
5 or more persons	800	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,145	...	...
Total couple families	7,455	...	...
Married couples	6,100	...	...
With children⁶	2,830	...	...
Without children	3,265	...	...
Common-law couples	1,355	...	...
With children⁶	560	...	...
Without children	795	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,690	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,315	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	370	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,950	16,240	16,710
Total - Persons in census families	25,885	12,820	13,065
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,905	7,450	7,455
Parents in one-parent families	1,685	370	1,315
Children⁶	9,295	4,995	4,300
In a two-parent family	6,570	3,460	3,105
In a one-parent family	2,725	1,530	1,190
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,060	3,420	3,640
Living alone	5,085	2,290	2,800
Living with other relatives⁷	585	275	315
Living with non-relatives only	1,390	860	530
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,720	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,475	...	...
Couple-family households	7,055	...	...
With children⁶	3,180	...	...
Without children	3,880	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,415	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	615	...	...
One-person households	5,090	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,990	13,105	13,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,880	12,560	13,320
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,905	12,575	13,325
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,295	11,480	11,815
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,000	9,225	8,780
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,600	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,385	11,170	12,215
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	8,400	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,665	1,340	1,325
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920	6,280	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,045	2,700	3,340
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,990	13,105	13,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,945	12,630	13,320
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	61,100	42,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,970	12,645	13,325
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440	50,240	37,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,245	11,480	11,760
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	57,650	35,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,000	9,230	8,775
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,320	57,300	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,450	11,145	12,305
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,060	9,860	12,140
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,690	1,330	1,360
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	7,650	6,125
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,085	2,605	3,475
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,770	8,800	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,990	13,110	13,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,550	4,850	3,705
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	72,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	78,800	58,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,185	3,355	3,825
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,800	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,760	36,840	23,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.7	68.6	57.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.4	14.2	26.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.4	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.0	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,985	13,110	13,880
Without total income	1,105	540	560
With total income	25,885	12,565	13,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,925	845	1,085
$10,000 to $19,999	2,945	1,180	1,760
$20,000 to $29,999	4,120	1,650	2,470
$30,000 to $39,999	3,500	1,390	2,105
$40,000 to $49,999	3,190	1,400	1,795
$50,000 to $59,999	2,320	1,105	1,220
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	1,005	860
$70,000 to $79,999	1,380	820	560
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	655	415
$90,000 to $99,999	940	560	385
$100,000 and over	2,620	1,960	655
$100,000 to $149,999	1,910	1,375	535
$150,000 and over	710	585	125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,985	13,110	13,880
Without after-tax income	1,085	530	550
With after-tax income	25,905	12,575	13,330
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,055	890	1,170
$10,000 to $19,999	3,100	1,240	1,865
$20,000 to $29,999	4,715	1,900	2,820
$30,000 to $39,999	4,125	1,720	2,410
$40,000 to $49,999	3,480	1,610	1,875
$50,000 to $59,999	2,565	1,385	1,185
$60,000 to $69,999	1,800	1,070	730
$70,000 to $79,999	1,395	810	590
$80,000 to $89,999	865	565	300
$90,000 to $99,999	595	435	165
$100,000 and over	1,195	960	235
$100,000 to $124,999	725	575	150
$125,000 and over	470	385	85
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,985	13,110	13,880
Without employment income	8,985	3,880	5,100
With employment income	18,005	9,225	8,775
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,400	1,060	1,335
$5,000 to $9,999	1,430	585	840
$10,000 to $19,999	2,090	905	1,180
$20,000 to $29,999	1,910	830	1,085
$30,000 to $39,999	1,805	790	1,015
$40,000 to $49,999	1,575	745	830
$50,000 to $59,999	1,305	640	670
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	635	450
$70,000 to $79,999	940	560	375
$80,000 to $89,999	865	545	325
$90,000 to $99,999	690	430	255
$100,000 and over	1,915	1,505	405
$100,000 to $124,999	965	695	270
$125,000 and over	945	810	135
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,990	13,105	13,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,335	12,250	13,080
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,345	12,255	13,090
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,950	11,260	11,690
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	46,400	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,990	9,185	8,810
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	48,000	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,235	10,675	11,560
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	1,860	7,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,145	1,075	1,070
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	6,600	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,990	13,105	13,880
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,380	12,295	13,085
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,920	60,350	40,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,390	12,295	13,100
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,040	49,600	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,885	11,250	11,635
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,120	58,750	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,865	9,140	8,725
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,560	59,000	37,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,215	10,665	11,550
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,460	7,530	9,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,175	1,105	1,080
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,460	7,520	7,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,990	13,110	13,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,410	4,775	3,635
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	69,500	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,100	75,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,660	3,090	3,575
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	32,800	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,480	46,240	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	89.2	79.4
Employment income (%)	68.6	72.8	62.6
Government transfers (%)	14.8	10.8	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,720	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,090	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,635	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,720	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,085	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,635	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,720	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	375	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	735	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	605	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	700	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	675	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	650	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	955	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	920	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	845	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,640	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,150	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,290	...	...
$200,000 and over	970	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,720	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	215	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	390	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	780	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	720	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	845	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	710	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,215	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,185	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	985	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	885	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,545	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	990	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,250	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,160	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,920	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,410	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,615	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,475	3,150	3,330
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,200	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,185	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,900	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,430	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,605	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,440	3,155	3,290
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,960	50,320	41,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,280	41,920	36,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,950	16,240	16,710
0 to 17 years	7,140	3,725	3,415
0 to 5 years	2,050	1,060	990
18 to 64 years	19,270	9,560	9,705
65 years and over	6,545	2,950	3,590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,355	2,035	2,325
0 to 17 years	1,120	595	525
0 to 5 years	355	190	165
18 to 64 years	2,250	1,070	1,180
65 years and over	985	365	615
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	12.5	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	16.0	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	17.8	16.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.2	12.2
65 years and over (%)	15.0	12.4	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,950	16,240	16,710
0 to 17 years	7,135	3,730	3,410
0 to 5 years	2,055	1,060	990
18 to 64 years	19,270	9,565	9,710
65 years and over	6,540	2,950	3,595
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,655	880	775
0 to 17 years	320	185	135
0 to 5 years	100	55	40
18 to 64 years	1,195	635	555
65 years and over	140	60	80
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.4	4.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.5	4.9	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	5.4	4.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.7	5.7
65 years and over (%)	2.2	2.0	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,950	16,240	16,710
In bottom half of the distribution	18,055	8,585	9,470
In bottom decile	3,825	1,885	1,945
In second decile	3,765	1,695	2,075
In third decile	3,620	1,675	1,945
In fourth decile	3,565	1,740	1,825
In fifth decile	3,280	1,600	1,680
In top half of the distribution	14,895	7,655	7,240
In sixth decile	3,320	1,695	1,625
In seventh decile	3,185	1,645	1,540
In eighth decile	3,120	1,560	1,555
In ninth decile	3,025	1,570	1,455
In top decile	2,245	1,180	1,060
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,950	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	33,055	16,270	16,780
English only	31,070	15,335	15,735
French only	15	5	5
English and French	1,785	835	945
Neither English nor French	190	100	95
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	33,055	16,270	16,780
English	32,455	15,985	16,465
French	390	195	200
English and French	40	15	25
Neither English nor French	165	80	90
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	33,055	16,270	16,780
Single responses	32,350	15,905	16,445
Official languages	29,750	14,575	15,170
English	29,300	14,360	14,935
French	450	215	230
Non-official languages	2,605	1,330	1,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	5	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	5	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,590	1,325	1,265
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	110	115
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	20	5	15
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	20	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	105	100
Amharic	20	10	15
Arabic	115	55	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	75	40	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10
Vietnamese	25	15	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	640	305	330
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Cebuano	30	15	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	575	275	300
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	5	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	40	20
Tamil	5	5	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,050	560	490
Albanian	45	25	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	205	95	110
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	205	95	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	15
Russian	35	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	105	45	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	255	125	135
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	165	75	90
German	165	75	90
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	35	35
Afrikaans	45	25	15
Dutch	25	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	375	245	130
Indo-Aryan languages	355	235	120
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	145	105	40
Hindi	45	40	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	65	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	60	85
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	15
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	100	45	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	20	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40
Akan (Twi)	10	0	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	30	15	15
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	30	30
Dinka	20	10	10
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	5
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	350	170	175
Chinese languages	325	165	160
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	190	110	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	120	50	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	5	20
Burmese	5	0	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	5	10
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	15	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	700	365	340
English and French	125	60	70
English and non-official language(s)	510	275	235
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	33,055	16,270	16,780
English	29,895	14,680	15,210
French	45	20	25
Non-official language	605	305	300
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	605	305	300
English and French	270	115	155
English and non-official language(s)	2,085	1,070	1,020
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	15
Multiple non-official languages	95	50	45
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	33,055	16,270	16,780
Single responses	32,435	15,960	16,475
Official languages	31,020	15,215	15,800
English	30,930	15,180	15,750
French	95	40	50
Non-official languages	1,415	740	675
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,405	735	670
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	85	80
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	0	5
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	0	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	155	80	75
Amharic	15	5	5
Arabic	80	45	40
Aramaic languages	5	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	30	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	340	165	170
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	150	155
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	20	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	450	255	200
Albanian	30	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	75	35	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	5	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	10
Afrikaans	25	15	10
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	245	150	90
Indo-Aryan languages	240	150	90
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	0
Gujarati	95	60	30
Hindi	35	25	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	45	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	5
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	30	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	50	20	30
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	10	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10
Dinka	10	5	5
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	20	10
American Sign Language	25	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	145	140
Chinese languages	260	140	125
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	135	80	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	60
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15
Burmese	5	0	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	10	5	10
S'gaw Karen	15	5	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	615	310	300
English and French	40	15	25
English and non-official language(s)	545	285	265
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	33,055	16,270	16,780
None	31,065	15,265	15,805
English	620	325	295
French	190	90	110
Non-official language	900	440	455
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15
Non-Indigenous	875	435	440
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	70
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	100	55	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,950	16,240	16,710
Official languages	32,765	16,160	16,600
English	32,755	16,160	16,595
French	1,765	840	930
Non-official languages	3,825	2,005	1,825
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	45	20	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	20
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	45	20	20
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,780	1,980	1,800
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	115	120
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	230	115	115
Amharic	45	25	25
Arabic	170	80	85
Aramaic languages	10	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	60	35	25
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	855	395	460
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	25	15
Cebuano	55	30	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	15	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	835	380	455
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20
Creole languages	60	35	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	45	25	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Dravidian languages	125	80	45
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	95	60	35
Tamil	35	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,520	860	655
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	130	135
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	265	130	135
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	30	20
Russian	65	30	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	45	20	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	140	70	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	320	165	155
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	170	90	85
German	170	90	85
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	80	70
Afrikaans	100	55	40
Dutch	60	30	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	510	380	135
Indo-Aryan languages	510	380	135
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	205	175	30
Hindi	355	260	90
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	90	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	190	225
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	15
Portuguese	30	15	20
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	325	140	185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	25	20	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	220	135	85
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	40	15	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	65	45	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	65	45	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	55	55
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	40
African, n.o.s.	15	0	10
Sign languages	60	25	30
American Sign Language	30	15	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	230	290
Chinese languages	445	200	245
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	250	105	145
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	110	135
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	30	45
Burmese	15	0	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	75	30	45
S'gaw Karen	70	30	40
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	55	40	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	55	40	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,950	16,240	16,710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,355	1,135	1,215
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,290	1,115	1,180
First Nations (North American Indian)	795	405	390
Métis	1,475	695	780
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	25	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	30,600	15,100	15,495
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,950	16,240	16,710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	660	315	340
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,295	15,925	16,365
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,715	...	...
Owner	9,975	...	...
Renter	4,740	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,715	...	...
Condominium	1,065	...	...
Not condominium	13,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,715	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	1,720	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,545	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,885	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,490	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,715	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,520	...	...
5 rooms	2,170	...	...
6 rooms	1,960	...	...
7 rooms	2,075	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,995	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,715	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,555	...	...
More than one person per room	165	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,715	...	...
Suitable	14,175	...	...
Not suitable	545	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,715	...	...
1960 or before	5,525	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,320	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,325	...	...
1991 to 2000	560	...	...
2001 to 2005	345	...	...
2006 to 2010	640	...	...
2011 to 2015	565	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	440	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,715	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,620	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,100	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,715	...	...
One-maintainer household	8,455	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,855	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	410	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,715	...	...
15 to 24 years	640	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,015	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,565	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,130	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,875	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,515	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,320	...	...
85 years and over	665	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,680	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,040	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,640	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,415	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,715	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,985	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,410	...	...
Not suitable only	435	...	...
Major repairs needed only	860	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,730	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,460	...	...
In core need	945	...	...
Not in core need	13,515	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,970	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,174	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	277,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,740	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	987	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,950	16,240	16,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	960	475	480
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	935	460	470
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	425	225	200
Métis single ancestry	490	225	260
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,720	795	925
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,660	760	900
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	850	390	460
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	785	360	425
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	30,270	14,970	15,300
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,950	16,240	16,710
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	30,780	15,110	15,680
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,820	3,550	3,270
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,965	11,560	12,405
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,165	1,135	1,035
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,950	16,240	16,710
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	29,315	14,375	14,945
Immigrants⁸¹	3,065	1,480	1,585
Before 1980	450	205	240
1980 to 1990	155	90	60
1991 to 2000	185	100	85
2001 to 2010	570	250	320
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,710	840	870
2011 to 2015	670	340	325
2016 to 2021	1,040	495	545
Non-permanent residents⁸³	565	385	180
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,065	1,485	1,585
Under 5 years	350	210	140
5 to 14 years	540	260	280
15 to 24 years	475	245	225
25 to 44 years	1,400	615	780
45 years and over	310	150	160
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,065	1,485	1,585
Americas	345	160	180
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	20	10	10
El Salvador	20	0	15
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	25	25
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	155	80	70
Other places of birth in Americas	60	30	30
Europe	645	325	320
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	70	40	30
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	35	25	0
Italy	25	10	10
Netherlands	50	15	30
Poland	35	15	25
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	25	15	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10
Ukraine	45	30	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	130	125
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	35
Africa	555	300	255
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	25	35
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	60	30	25
Ethiopia	30	10	25
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	65	35	30
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	65	30
Other places of birth in Africa	220	115	105
Asia	1,515	690	820
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	40	10	25
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	190	70	120
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	15
Korea, South⁹²	35	25	15
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	830	360	470
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	170	110	60
Pakistan	30	15	10
Sri Lanka	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Asia	120	50	65
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,040	495	545
Americas	100	50	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	30	20	15
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	20	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	60	20	35
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	15
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	270	140	125
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	10	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	50	25	25
Ethiopia	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	50	25	25
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0
Sudan⁹⁷	50	30	25
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	15
Asia	605	275	335
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	85	45	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	385	160	225
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	15	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,950	16,240	16,710
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,800	1,975	1,825
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,605	1,710	1,890
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,550	12,555	12,990
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,620	1,275	1,345
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,595	825	775
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	695	480	210
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	910	340	565
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	495	190	305
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525	255	265
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,620	1,275	1,345
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	35	15
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	660	330	325
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	65	30	35
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	75	50	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,755	825	930
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,950	16,240	16,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,485	1,850	1,635
South Asian	640	470	170
Chinese	605	265	340
Black	660	355	305
Filipino	1,030	495	535
Arab	80	35	45
Latin American	130	60	70
Southeast Asian	180	85	90
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	40	25	15
Japanese	25	10	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	25	20
Multiple visible minorities	50	25	20
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,465	14,390	15,070
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,950	16,240	16,710
Canadian	4,485	2,270	2,220
English	9,245	4,270	4,975
Irish	6,035	2,810	3,225
Scottish	6,825	3,235	3,590
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,745	1,795	1,955
German	7,995	3,820	4,175
Chinese	650	305	350
Italian	400	220	180
Indian (India)	475	355	120
Ukrainian	3,295	1,575	1,720
Dutch	1,015	475	540
Polish	1,295	600	690
Québécois	20	10	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	710	380	325
Filipino	885	420	465
French Canadian	165	75	90
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	655	305	355
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	570	325	245
Métis	1,350	630	720
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	470	255	215
Russian	835	365	470
Norwegian	2,340	1,085	1,260
Welsh	780	355	425
Portuguese	30	15	25
American	495	255	240
Spanish	235	100	140
Swedish	825	385	440
Hungarian	645	310	340
Acadian	55	25	30
Pakistani	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	125	55	65
Jewish	115	50	60
Punjabi	85	55	30
Vietnamese	60	40	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	60	35	25
Jamaican	70	40	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	65	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	140	165
Korean	40	20	15
Romanian	705	345	360
Lebanese	10	10	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	70	40	35
Danish	270	115	150
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	125	35	95
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	590	325	270
Belgian	175	95	85
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	55	40	20
Mexican	30	20	10
Mennonite	165	85	80
Swiss	180	120	65
Finnish	115	40	70
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	35	15	20
Japanese	30	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	40
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	215	100	120
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	0	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	185	80	105
Colombian	20	15	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	100	55	50
Syrian	50	30	20
Guyanese	15	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	20
Serbian	45	10	30
Ojibway	85	55	30
Newfoundlander	15	0	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	20	10	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	40	25	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	25	25
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	0	20
Nigerian	35	10	20
Armenian	20	0	10
Slovak	50	30	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	25	30
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	10	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	10	0	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	20	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	120	60	55
Australian	10	10	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	20	15	10
Congolese	45	30	15
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	40	15	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	55	35	20
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	10	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	25
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	30	20	10
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	10	10	0
Mohawk	25	0	20
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	20	20
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	25	15	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	80	40	40
Indonesian	40	25	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	40	20	20
Northern Irish	15	10	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	25	10	15
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	15	20
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	65	30	35
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	15	40
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	265	120	145
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	15
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	10	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	20
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	20	0	20
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	15	15	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	20	0	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	90	35	50
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,950	16,240	16,710
Buddhist	120	50	70
Christian	17,870	8,100	9,770
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,335	1,640	1,700
Anabaptist	45	35	15
Anglican	1,095	450	645
Baptist	370	175	190
Catholic	6,300	2,885	3,415
Christian Orthodox	340	185	155
Jehovah's Witness	145	60	85
Latter Day Saints	50	20	30
Lutheran	1,085	485	600
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	50	50
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	655	280	375
Presbyterian	145	100	45
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	3,080	1,235	1,840
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,115	495	620
Hindu	305	240	65
Jewish	10	10	0
Muslim	220	100	115
Sikh	110	60	45
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55	35	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	265	115	150
No religion and secular perspectives	13,985	7,520	6,465
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,660	16,070	16,590
Non-movers	28,355	13,915	14,445
Movers	4,305	2,155	2,150
Non-migrants	2,760	1,375	1,385
Migrants	1,545	780	765
Internal migrants	1,420	730	690
Intraprovincial migrants	1,000	495	510
Interprovincial migrants	420	235	185
External migrants	125	50	75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,285	15,360	15,930
Non-movers	18,770	9,245	9,525
Movers	12,515	6,115	6,405
Non-migrants	6,625	3,155	3,470
Migrants	5,890	2,960	2,925
Internal migrants	4,730	2,310	2,420
Intraprovincial migrants	3,235	1,575	1,665
Interprovincial migrants	1,490	740	760
External migrants	1,155	650	510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,990	13,105	13,880
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,605	3,050	2,550
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,385	10,060	11,325
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,730	8,305	8,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,090	1,240	850
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,640	7,070	7,570
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,985	13,105	13,880
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,925	2,575	2,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,220	4,465	4,750
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,840	6,065	6,780
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,650	4,200	4,455
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,955	2,100	850
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,135	620	520
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,820	1,480	330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,920	1,805	3,115
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	785	300	485
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,195	1,865	2,330
Bachelor's degree	3,125	1,345	1,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235	110	130
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	65	30
Master's degree	660	290	370
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	55	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,725	8,305	8,420
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,790	1,035	755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,560	2,900	2,660
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,375	4,370	5,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,160	3,030	3,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,040	1,440	600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	770	420	350
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,270	1,020	250
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,665	1,405	2,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	455	180	275
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,220	1,340	1,880
Bachelor's degree	2,390	960	1,425
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	45	100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	55	30
Master's degree	550	235	310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	40	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,985	13,105	13,880
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,145	7,040	7,100
Education	1,290	320	970
13. Education	1,290	320	970
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	235	100	135
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	200	70	130
Humanities	420	230	200
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	40	30	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	25	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	95	70
54. History	45	20	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	850	275	575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	130	50	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	0	210
22. Legal professions and studies	75	25	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15
42. Psychology	170	55	110
45. Social sciences	230	125	105
Business, management and public administration	2,775	925	1,850
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265	55	215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,505	870	1,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies	210	120	95
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	40	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	55	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	315	210	100
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	165	65
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,955	2,770	190
04. Architecture and related services	55	25	30
14. Engineering	330	295	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	690	625	65
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	800	780	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	700	670	30
48. Precision production	385	365	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	195	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	160	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	40	20
Health and related fields	2,315	400	1,910
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	90	70
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,090	270	1,820
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	40	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,170	520	650
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	755	160	595
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	0
43. Security and protective services	170	140	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	200	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,730	8,305	8,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,350	3,940	3,415
Education	815	175	640
13. Education	815	175	640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	65	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	140	45	95
Humanities	295	150	140
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	10
23. English language and literature/letters	25	20	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	50	50
54. History	40	15	20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	665	210	450
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	100	35	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	0	170
22. Legal professions and studies	60	25	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	115	30	80
45. Social sciences	190	95	95
Business, management and public administration	2,195	740	1,455
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	190	35	155
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,000	700	1,295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155	100	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	25	20
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	20	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	30	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	245	155	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	200	135	60
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,105	1,940	160
04. Architecture and related services	40	15	30
14. Engineering	225	195	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	510	455	55
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	565	550	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	505	475	30
48. Precision production	255	250	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	125	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	170	100	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	15
Health and related fields	1,665	310	1,355
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	80	55
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465	190	1,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	875	390	485
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	560	125	435
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0
43. Security and protective services	140	105	35
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	145	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,730	8,305	8,420
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,350	3,940	3,415
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,375	4,365	5,005
Location of study inside Canada	8,030	3,665	4,370
Same as province or territory of residence	6,090	2,720	3,375
Different than province or territory of residence	1,950	945	995
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,340	705	640
Americas	295	140	160
United States of America	230	110	115
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	10	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	20	10
Europe	195	125	70
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	30	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	30	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	30	25	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	50	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	0
Africa	150	85	65
Nigeria	50	20	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	40	15
Other locations of study in Africa	35	20	10
Asia	675	345	330
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	10
Turkey	15	0	0
China⁹⁰	70	35	40
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	15	0
Philippines	350	140	205
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	175	115	55
Pakistan	15	10	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania	35	15	20
Australia	35	15	20
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,985	13,105	13,880
In the labour force	16,610	8,710	7,900
Employed	15,035	7,820	7,210
Unemployed	1,575	890	685
Not in the labour force	10,385	4,400	5,980
Participation rate	61.6	66.5	56.9
Employment rate	55.7	59.7	51.9
Unemployment rate	9.5	10.2	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,985	13,105	13,880
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,580	4,545	6,035
Worked	16,400	8,560	7,845
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,745	4,970	3,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,655	3,595	4,065
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.2	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,605	8,705	7,900
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	280	215
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,115	8,425	7,685
Employee	14,170	7,305	6,865
Permanent position	11,855	6,265	5,585
Temporary position	2,315	1,035	1,275
Fixed term (1 year or more)	650	265	385
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,665	770	895
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,940	1,120	825
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,605	8,705	7,900
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	280	215
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,115	8,425	7,685
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	60	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,035	580	1,455
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	655	550	105
3 Health occupations	1,575	275	1,305
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,145	770	1,375
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	310	120	185
6 Sales and service occupations	4,645	1,935	2,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,390	3,065	325
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	700	575	120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	580	495	85
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,605	8,705	7,900
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	280	215
All industries¹⁹¹	16,115	8,425	7,685
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	535	420	110
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	475	430	50
22 Utilities	150	105	45
23 Construction	1,305	1,160	140
31-33 Manufacturing	755	555	195
41 Wholesale trade	425	335	85
44-45 Retail trade	2,055	1,010	1,045
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	990	860	130
51 Information and cultural industries	185	120	65
52 Finance and insurance	465	175	290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	225	100	125
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	475	235	240
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	575	325	245
61 Educational services	1,295	360	930
62 Health care and social assistance	2,590	445	2,150
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	385	205	180
72 Accommodation and food services	1,350	550	800
81 Other services (except public administration)	790	360	425
91 Public administration	1,070	650	420
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	17,655	9,120	8,530
English	17,275	8,945	8,330
French	40	10	30
Non-official language	20	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10
English and French	165	70	95
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	17,655	9,120	8,530
Single responses	17,575	9,090	8,480
Official languages	17,530	9,065	8,460
English	17,455	9,050	8,405
French	75	15	60
Non-official languages	45	30	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	30	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	30	20
Chinese languages	40	30	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	30	50
English and French	35	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	17,655	9,120	8,530
None	17,420	9,010	8,410
English	45	10	35
French	110	55	50
Non-official language	70	40	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,030	7,820	7,210
Worked at home	1,580	675	905
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10
No fixed workplace address	2,055	1,605	450
Usual place of work	11,380	5,530	5,850
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,380	5,530	5,855
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,270	4,070	5,200
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	580	445	135
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,455	970	490
Commute to a different province or territory	75	50	25
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	13,440	7,135	6,305
Car, truck or van	12,385	6,600	5,790
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,615	6,345	5,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	775	255	515
Public transit	100	50	55
Walked	675	335	335
Bicycle	80	70	15
Other method	190	80	110
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	13,440	7,135	6,305
Less than 15 minutes	8,775	4,120	4,650
15 to 29 minutes	2,930	1,805	1,120
30 to 44 minutes	545	365	180
45 to 59 minutes	650	450	205
60 minutes and over	540	390	155
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	13,440	7,135	6,305
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	950	695	250
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,210	1,445	765
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,795	2,165	1,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,000	1,220	1,780
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,380	540	835
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,110	1,065	1,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,275	3,790	3,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	485	250	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,790	3,545	3,245
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,480	2,850	2,625
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	375	195	180
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	120	110
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	80	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,100	2,655	2,445

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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