Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince Albert, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	37,756	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	35,926	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,490	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,308	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	562.1	...	...	562.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	67.17	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	37,755	18,230	19,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,185	4,190	3,995	21.7	23.0	20.5
0 to 4 years	2,630	1,345	1,285	7.0	7.4	6.6
5 to 9 years	2,710	1,410	1,305	7.2	7.7	6.7
10 to 14 years	2,840	1,435	1,405	7.5	7.9	7.2
15 to 64 years	23,575	11,425	12,150	62.4	62.7	62.2
15 to 19 years	2,590	1,325	1,260	6.9	7.3	6.5
20 to 24 years	2,590	1,350	1,245	6.9	7.4	6.4
25 to 29 years	2,765	1,350	1,410	7.3	7.4	7.2
30 to 34 years	2,660	1,285	1,375	7.0	7.0	7.0
35 to 39 years	2,520	1,185	1,335	6.7	6.5	6.8
40 to 44 years	2,270	1,090	1,180	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	1,970	920	1,050	5.2	5.0	5.4
50 to 54 years	1,950	935	1,015	5.2	5.1	5.2
55 to 59 years	2,155	995	1,160	5.7	5.5	5.9
60 to 64 years	2,100	975	1,120	5.6	5.3	5.7
65 years and over	6,000	2,615	3,385	15.9	14.3	17.3
65 to 69 years	1,760	870	890	4.7	4.8	4.6
70 to 74 years	1,505	680	830	4.0	3.7	4.3
75 to 79 years	1,035	450	585	2.7	2.5	3.0
80 to 84 years	870	330	540	2.3	1.8	2.8
85 years and over	830	285	550	2.2	1.6	2.8
85 to 89 years	515	190	320	1.4	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	250	80	170	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	55	10	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.7	23.0	20.5	21.7	23.0	20.5
15 to 64 years	62.4	62.7	62.2	62.4	62.7	62.2
65 years and over	15.9	14.3	17.3	15.9	14.3	17.3
85 years and over	2.2	1.6	2.8	2.2	1.6	2.8
Average age of the population	37.7	36.3	39.1	37.7	36.3	39.1
Median age of the population	35.2	33.2	36.8	35.2	33.2	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,245	...	...	64.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	480	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	495	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	305	...	...	2.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,145	...	...	22.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	620	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,190	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	4,640	...	...	32.4	...	...
3 persons	2,125	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	1,765	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,585	...	...	11.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	29,570	14,040	15,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	13,910	6,935	6,980	47.0	49.4	44.9
Married	10,860	5,410	5,450	36.7	38.5	35.1
Living common-law	3,050	1,520	1,530	10.3	10.8	9.8
Living common law - Never married	2,405	1,190	1,220	8.1	8.5	7.9
Living common law - Separated	95	50	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	485	265	220	1.6	1.9	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	65	25	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	15,660	7,110	8,550	53.0	50.6	55.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,020	5,660	5,360	37.3	40.3	34.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	895	370	525	3.0	2.6	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,920	715	1,205	6.5	5.1	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,830	365	1,465	6.2	2.6	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,880	...	...	50.3	...	...
3 persons	2,105	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	1,610	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,100	...	...	11.3	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,695	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,755	...	...	69.7	...	...
Married couples	5,225	...	...	53.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,625	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	2,600	...	...	26.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,525	...	...	15.7	...	...
With children⁶	790	...	...	8.1	...	...
Without children	735	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,945	...	...	30.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,315	...	...	23.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	28,620	13,840	14,785	79.3	79.7	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,500	6,730	6,770	37.4	38.8	36.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,945	630	2,320	8.2	3.6	12.4
Children⁶	12,175	6,480	5,700	33.7	37.3	30.4
In a two-parent family	6,890	3,580	3,310	19.1	20.6	17.7
In a one-parent family	5,285	2,895	2,390	14.6	16.7	12.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,485	3,520	3,965	20.7	20.3	21.1
Living alone	4,190	1,755	2,440	11.6	10.1	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,410	680	725	3.9	3.9	3.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,880	1,085	795	5.2	6.3	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,055	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	5,950	...	...	41.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,930	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	3,020	...	...	21.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,100	...	...	14.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	480	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	710	...	...	5.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	775	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	4,190	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,975	13,195	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,530	12,475	14,055	94.8	94.5	95.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,400	39,200	40,400	42,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,530	12,475	14,055	94.8	94.5	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,400	36,400	37,200	38,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,415	10,685	11,730	80.1	81.0	79.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,800	30,600	34,400	38,800	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,290	8,975	9,315	65.4	68.0	63.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,200	11,115	13,080	86.5	84.2	88.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	8,800	12,500	10,700	8,800	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,160	1,505	1,660	11.3	11.4	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,120	6,280	6,000	6,120	6,280	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,060	3,645	4,415	28.8	27.6	29.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,980	13,195	14,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,590	12,510	14,080	95.0	94.8	95.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,280	52,700	46,200	49,280	52,700	46,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,590	12,510	14,080	95.0	94.8	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560	44,320	40,960	42,560	44,320	40,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,400	10,695	11,705	80.1	81.1	79.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,520	39,480	44,760	50,520	39,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,290	8,900	9,390	65.4	67.4	63.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,840	49,320	40,600	44,840	49,320	40,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,330	11,215	13,120	87.0	85.0	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,630	10,610	14,360	12,630	10,610	14,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,130	1,425	1,700	11.2	10.8	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,670	7,730	7,630	7,670	7,730	7,630
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,325	3,785	4,540	29.8	28.7	30.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,360	9,130	9,550	9,360	9,130	9,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,975	13,195	14,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,515	4,325	4,190	30.4	32.8	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,800	55,200	58,800	62,800	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,000	68,700	61,250	65,000	68,700	61,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,135	3,335	3,800	25.5	25.3	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	20,400	17,600	18,600	20,400	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	33,720	25,920	29,560	33,720	25,920
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.6	82.0	71.0	76.6	82.0	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	66.6	58.6	62.6	66.6	58.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.5	18.0	29.0	23.5	18.0	29.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.8	8.1	6.9	5.8	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.2	6.7	6.0	5.2	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,975	13,190	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,450	720	730	5.2	5.5	4.9
With total income	26,525	12,475	14,050	94.8	94.6	95.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,235	1,165	1,075	8.4	9.3	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,915	1,320	1,595	11.0	10.6	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	4,275	1,870	2,405	16.1	15.0	17.1
$30,000 to $39,999	3,690	1,595	2,095	13.9	12.8	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,190	1,320	1,870	12.0	10.6	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,640	1,195	1,445	10.0	9.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,865	870	990	7.0	7.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,405	725	685	5.3	5.8	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,135	595	540	4.3	4.8	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	980	460	515	3.7	3.7	3.7
$100,000 and over	2,200	1,365	840	8.3	10.9	6.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,690	990	700	6.4	7.9	5.0
$150,000 and over	510	370	135	1.9	3.0	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,975	13,190	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,450	720	730	5.2	5.5	4.9
With after-tax income	26,530	12,475	14,055	94.8	94.6	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,300	1,180	1,120	8.7	9.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,040	1,385	1,655	11.5	11.1	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,845	2,170	2,670	18.3	17.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,270	1,820	2,450	16.1	14.6	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,680	1,655	2,020	13.9	13.3	14.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,635	1,195	1,435	9.9	9.6	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,890	970	920	7.1	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,465	715	755	5.5	5.7	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	875	450	425	3.3	3.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	530	295	235	2.0	2.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	1,000	635	360	3.8	5.1	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	595	350	245	2.2	2.8	1.7
$125,000 and over	400	285	120	1.5	2.3	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,975	13,190	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,685	4,215	5,470	34.6	32.0	37.0
With employment income	18,290	8,975	9,315	65.4	68.0	63.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,465	1,085	1,385	13.5	12.1	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	1,465	680	780	8.0	7.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,150	1,000	1,150	11.8	11.1	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	1,885	940	945	10.3	10.5	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,865	845	1,020	10.2	9.4	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,675	755	920	9.2	8.4	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,405	695	705	7.7	7.7	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	575	585	6.3	6.4	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	975	500	475	5.3	5.6	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	930	480	445	5.1	5.3	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	740	375	365	4.0	4.2	3.9
$100,000 and over	1,575	1,045	530	8.6	11.6	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	920	560	355	5.0	6.2	3.8
$125,000 and over	655	480	175	3.6	5.3	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,975	13,195	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,850	12,080	13,770	92.4	91.5	93.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,200	35,200	37,600	41,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,860	12,080	13,775	92.4	91.5	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,200	32,400	34,400	37,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,055	10,485	11,570	78.8	79.5	78.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,400	31,200	35,600	40,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,155	8,915	9,240	64.9	67.6	62.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,800	34,400	37,600	40,800	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,985	10,515	12,475	82.2	79.7	84.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	2,280	8,100	5,800	2,280	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,680	1,345	1,330	9.6	10.2	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	7,150	6,280	6,650	7,150	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,980	13,195	14,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,965	12,135	13,830	92.8	92.0	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	50,160	42,680	46,160	50,160	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,970	12,135	13,835	92.8	92.0	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	42,040	37,600	39,640	42,040	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,035	10,470	11,560	78.8	79.3	78.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,080	50,840	39,840	45,080	50,840	39,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,155	8,830	9,330	64.9	66.9	63.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	49,600	41,360	45,360	49,600	41,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,120	10,520	12,595	82.6	79.7	85.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	7,230	10,270	8,890	7,230	10,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,585	1,230	1,355	9.2	9.3	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,380	8,820	7,980	8,380	8,820	7,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,975	13,195	14,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	8,435	4,280	4,150	30.2	32.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,000	51,600	54,800	60,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,950	65,900	57,900	61,950	65,900	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,585	3,095	3,495	23.5	23.5	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	26,600	23,800	24,800	26,600	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,320	38,160	30,960	34,320	38,160	30,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.4	78.0	82.8	87.4	78.0
Employment income (%)	68.8	72.0	65.4	68.8	72.0	65.4
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.5	21.9	17.2	12.5	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,100	...	...	79,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,520	...	...	49,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,600	...	...	42,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,120	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	675	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	625	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	545	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	605	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	640	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,215	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,130	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	990	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	930	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	795	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,875	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,525	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,070	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,350	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	925	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	325	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	725	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	680	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	715	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	730	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	700	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,350	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,155	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	960	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	830	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,840	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,500	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,010	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,330	...	...	9.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,400	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,070	2,835	3,235	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	36,400	36,800	36,800	36,400	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	33,200	34,000	33,600	33,200	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,700	...	...	107,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	68,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,350	...	...	63,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,165	2,965	3,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,080	45,080	45,040	45,080	45,080	45,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,160	38,600	39,640	39,160	38,600	39,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,710	4,965	4,745	26.9	28.6	25.3
0 to 5 years	3,140	1,605	1,530	8.7	9.2	8.2
18 to 64 years	20,925	9,940	10,990	58.0	57.3	58.6
65 years and over	5,470	2,450	3,015	15.2	14.1	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,980	2,670	3,310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,330	1,200	1,130	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	905	460	445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,785	1,165	1,625	...	...	...
65 years and over	865	300	555	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.6	15.4	17.7	16.6	15.4	17.7
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	24.2	23.8	24.0	24.2	23.8
0 to 5 years (%)	28.8	28.4	29.2	28.8	28.4	29.2
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	11.7	14.8	13.3	11.7	14.8
65 years and over (%)	15.8	12.4	18.5	15.8	12.4	18.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,705	4,960	4,745	26.9	28.6	25.3
0 to 5 years	3,140	1,610	1,530	8.7	9.3	8.2
18 to 64 years	20,930	9,940	10,985	58.0	57.3	58.6
65 years and over	5,465	2,450	3,020	15.1	14.1	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,155	1,075	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	730	380	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	145	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,320	660	660	...	...	...
65 years and over	105	35	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.2	5.8	6.0	6.2	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.5	7.6	7.4	7.5	7.6	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.3	9.0	9.6	9.3	9.0	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,465	10,065	11,400	59.5	58.0	60.8
In bottom decile	5,360	2,490	2,870	14.8	14.3	15.3
In second decile	4,915	2,260	2,655	13.6	13.0	14.2
In third decile	4,035	1,905	2,130	11.2	11.0	11.4
In fourth decile	3,795	1,805	1,995	10.5	10.4	10.6
In fifth decile	3,355	1,610	1,750	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	14,640	7,290	7,350	40.5	42.0	39.2
In sixth decile	3,160	1,555	1,605	8.8	9.0	8.6
In seventh decile	3,080	1,510	1,570	8.5	8.7	8.4
In eighth decile	3,105	1,545	1,555	8.6	8.9	8.3
In ninth decile	3,065	1,535	1,525	8.5	8.8	8.1
In top decile	2,230	1,145	1,090	6.2	6.6	5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	36,105	...	...	36,105	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.480	...	...	0.480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,270	17,415	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,450	16,145	17,300	92.2	92.7	91.8
French only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,625	1,180	1,450	7.2	6.8	7.7
Neither English nor French	175	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,270	17,415	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,440	17,025	18,415	97.7	97.8	97.7
French	580	265	315	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Neither English nor French	165	75	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,270	17,415	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,930	16,795	18,135	96.3	96.4	96.2
Official languages	30,315	14,570	15,745	83.6	83.7	83.5
English	29,670	14,275	15,395	81.8	82.0	81.6
French	645	290	355	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-official languages	4,610	2,225	2,385	12.7	12.8	12.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,370	605	760	3.8	3.5	4.0
Algonquian languages	1,055	465	590	2.9	2.7	3.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,040	460	580	2.9	2.6	3.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,040	460	580	2.9	2.6	3.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	225	100	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.	600	260	335	1.7	1.5	1.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	305	135	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Northern Athabaskan languages	300	135	165	0.8	0.8	0.9
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	300	135	165	0.8	0.8	0.9
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,240	1,620	1,620	8.9	9.3	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,000	445	555	2.8	2.6	2.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	890	405	480	2.5	2.3	2.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,445	760	690	4.0	4.4	3.7
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	200	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	435	200	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	280	130	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	220	115	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	635	355	275	1.8	2.0	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	595	335	260	1.6	1.9	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	55	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	150	125	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	80	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Spanish	115	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	155	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	100	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,345	625	720	3.7	3.6	3.8
English and French	205	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,035	460	570	2.9	2.6	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,270	17,415	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	30,580	14,705	15,880	84.3	84.4	84.2
French	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	825	405	420	2.3	2.3	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	700	355	350	1.9	2.0	1.9
English and French	390	180	210	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,140	1,990	2,150	11.4	11.4	11.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,270	17,415	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,195	16,910	18,280	97.0	97.1	97.0
Official languages	32,970	15,800	17,170	90.9	90.7	91.1
English	32,850	15,755	17,095	90.6	90.5	90.7
French	120	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	2,225	1,110	1,115	6.1	6.4	5.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	425	195	225	1.2	1.1	1.2
Algonquian languages	275	130	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	275	125	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	275	125	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	215	95	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	145	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	145	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	145	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,800	910	890	5.0	5.2	4.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	630	290	340	1.7	1.7	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	580	270	305	1.6	1.6	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	660	355	305	1.8	2.0	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	480	270	215	1.3	1.6	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	460	260	200	1.3	1.5	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	125	80	50	0.3	0.5	0.3
Hindi	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	115	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,080	505	570	3.0	2.9	3.0
English and French	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	960	445	515	2.6	2.6	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,275	17,420	18,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	32,410	15,560	16,845	89.3	89.3	89.3
English	1,160	585	580	3.2	3.4	3.1
French	330	150	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	2,000	930	1,070	5.5	5.3	5.7
Indigenous³⁹	1,025	440	580	2.8	2.5	3.1
Non-Indigenous	980	490	490	2.7	2.8	2.6
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	95	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	35,930	17,245	18,685	99.5	99.4	99.7
English	35,895	17,230	18,670	99.4	99.3	99.6
French	2,630	1,265	1,370	7.3	7.3	7.3
Non-official languages	7,035	3,415	3,615	19.5	19.7	19.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,490	1,085	1,405	6.9	6.3	7.5
Algonquian languages	2,045	885	1,160	5.7	5.1	6.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	1,995	870	1,125	5.5	5.0	6.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	1,995	870	1,125	5.5	5.0	6.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	165	60	105	0.5	0.3	0.6
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	320	140	180	0.9	0.8	1.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	445	185	260	1.2	1.1	1.4
Cree, n.o.s.	1,045	475	570	2.9	2.7	3.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	445	190	255	1.2	1.1	1.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	445	190	255	1.2	1.1	1.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	445	190	255	1.2	1.1	1.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,610	2,365	2,245	12.8	13.6	12.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	160	135	0.8	0.9	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	120	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	115	105	0.6	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,275	595	680	3.5	3.4	3.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,210	565	640	3.4	3.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	45	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,095	1,110	990	5.8	6.4	5.3
Albanian	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	515	235	280	1.4	1.4	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	515	235	280	1.4	1.4	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	140	205	0.9	0.8	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	140	135	0.8	0.8	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	80	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
German	135	75	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	905	520	385	2.5	3.0	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	860	500	365	2.4	2.9	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	205	125	80	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hindi	525	310	220	1.5	1.8	1.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	235	180	1.1	1.4	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	405	215	190	1.1	1.2	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	370	195	175	1.0	1.1	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	405	245	160	1.1	1.4	0.9
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	180	125	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	105	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	140	80	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,120	7,635	8,485	44.6	44.0	45.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,870	7,510	8,355	44.0	43.3	44.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,385	4,325	5,060	26.0	24.9	27.0
Métis	6,465	3,185	3,280	17.9	18.4	17.5
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	185	95	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	19,985	9,715	10,260	55.4	56.0	54.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,000	4,105	4,900	24.9	23.7	26.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	27,100	13,250	13,850	75.1	76.3	73.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	8,480	...	...	59.3	...	...
Renter	5,830	...	...	40.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,365	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not condominium	12,940	...	...	90.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,520	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,780	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,185	...	...	29.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,775	...	...	33.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,570	...	...	25.0	...	...
5 rooms	2,300	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	2,035	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	1,720	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,690	...	...	32.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,940	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	370	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,160	...	...	92.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,150	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,465	...	...	24.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,310	...	...	37.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,160	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,205	...	...	8.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	430	...	...	3.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	650	...	...	4.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	685	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	405	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,255	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,050	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,975	...	...	55.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,650	...	...	39.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	675	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	655	...	...	4.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,520	...	...	17.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,680	...	...	18.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,220	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,490	...	...	17.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,045	...	...	14.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,200	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	500	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,615	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,645	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,460	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,355	...	...	30.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,275	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not suitable only	890	...	...	6.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	715	...	...	5.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,950	...	...	69.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,500	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not in core need	12,580	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,475	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.4	...	...	62.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,257	...	...	1,257	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	250,000	...	...	250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	270,800	...	...	270,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,835	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.2	...	...	26.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.3	...	...	31.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10,420	4,875	5,545	28.9	28.1	29.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10,065	4,690	5,375	27.9	27.0	28.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,850	3,635	4,210	21.7	20.9	22.5
Métis single ancestry	2,205	1,045	1,160	6.1	6.0	6.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	355	185	170	1.0	1.1	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	170	1.0	1.0	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,180	2,560	2,620	14.3	14.8	14.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,755	2,325	2,425	13.2	13.4	12.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,095	1,060	1,035	5.8	6.1	5.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,660	1,270	1,390	7.4	7.3	7.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	420	235	190	1.2	1.4	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	420	235	190	1.2	1.4	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,505	9,915	10,585	56.8	57.1	56.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	33,835	16,185	17,650	93.7	93.3	94.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,200	4,710	4,490	25.5	27.1	23.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,630	11,480	13,155	68.2	66.1	70.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,270	1,175	1,100	6.3	6.8	5.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	32,120	15,315	16,805	89.0	88.2	89.6
Immigrants⁸¹	3,475	1,740	1,740	9.6	10.0	9.3
Before 1980	220	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
1980 to 1990	130	90	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
1991 to 2000	150	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
2001 to 2010	615	280	340	1.7	1.6	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,370	1,185	1,185	6.6	6.8	6.3
2011 to 2015	1,125	550	575	3.1	3.2	3.1
2016 to 2021	1,240	630	610	3.4	3.6	3.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	505	310	200	1.4	1.8	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,480	1,740	1,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	355	190	160	10.2	10.9	9.2
5 to 14 years	725	350	375	20.8	20.1	21.6
15 to 24 years	360	190	175	10.3	10.9	10.1
25 to 44 years	1,730	870	860	49.7	50.0	49.4
45 years and over	305	140	165	8.8	8.0	9.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,480	1,740	1,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	130	155	8.2	7.5	8.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	45	20	20	1.3	1.1	1.1
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	45	70	3.2	2.6	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	105	50	50	3.0	2.9	2.9
Europe	425	230	195	12.2	13.2	11.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	25	20	1.3	1.4	1.1
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.7	0.9	0.6
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.7	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	25	35	1.6	1.4	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	65	45	3.0	3.7	2.6
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40	2.6	2.9	2.3
Africa	760	395	365	21.8	22.7	21.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	135	60	70	3.9	3.4	4.0
Egypt	30	10	25	0.9	0.6	1.4
Eritrea	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	0.9
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	215	105	110	6.2	6.0	6.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	135	50	80	3.9	2.9	4.6
Other places of birth in Africa	190	140	50	5.5	8.0	2.9
Asia	2,010	985	1,030	57.8	56.6	59.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	35	25	1.6	2.0	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30	1.4	1.1	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	15	0.7	0.0	0.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,180	555	625	33.9	31.9	35.9
Viet Nam	70	50	20	2.0	2.9	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	350	175	175	10.1	10.1	10.1
Pakistan	95	35	55	2.7	2.0	3.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	160	85	75	4.6	4.9	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,240	630	610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	20	15	2.8	3.2	2.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	15	10	1.6	2.4	1.6
Europe	25	15	10	2.0	2.4	1.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Africa	425	250	175	34.3	39.7	28.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	15	15	0	1.2	2.4	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	125	60	60	10.1	9.5	9.8
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	15	1.6	1.6	2.5
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	65	60	10.1	10.3	9.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	15	2.4	3.2	2.5
Sudan⁹⁷	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Tunisia	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	60	15	6.0	9.5	2.5
Asia	760	340	415	61.3	54.0	68.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	55	85	10.9	8.7	13.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Philippines	505	230	280	40.7	36.5	45.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	35	25	4.4	5.6	4.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,080	2,085	1,990	11.3	12.0	10.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,335	1,570	1,760	9.2	9.0	9.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,695	13,695	15,000	79.5	78.9	80.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,260	1,625	1,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,210	1,095	1,110	67.8	67.4	67.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	915	540	380	28.1	33.2	23.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,295	555	740	39.7	34.2	45.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	440	185	255	13.5	11.4	15.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	600	345	260	18.4	21.2	15.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,260	1,625	1,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	805	415	390	24.7	25.5	23.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	35	85	3.7	2.2	5.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	85	70	4.6	5.2	4.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,145	1,070	1,070	65.8	65.8	65.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,220	2,160	2,060	11.7	12.4	11.0
South Asian	1,045	595	450	2.9	3.4	2.4
Chinese	175	80	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	805	435	370	2.2	2.5	2.0
Filipino	1,435	695	740	4.0	4.0	3.9
Arab	155	80	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Latin American	155	65	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	315	140	170	0.9	0.8	0.9
West Asian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	31,885	15,195	16,685	88.3	87.6	89.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,510	1,235	1,275	7.0	7.1	6.8
English	5,265	2,495	2,770	14.6	14.4	14.8
Irish	3,795	1,790	2,000	10.5	10.3	10.7
Scottish	4,410	2,075	2,335	12.2	12.0	12.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,365	2,060	2,305	12.1	11.9	12.3
German	4,970	2,285	2,685	13.8	13.2	14.3
Chinese	285	145	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Italian	310	155	160	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indian (India)	630	335	295	1.7	1.9	1.6
Ukrainian	4,275	2,050	2,225	11.8	11.8	11.9
Dutch	650	290	360	1.8	1.7	1.9
Polish	1,760	885	880	4.9	5.1	4.7
Québécois	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	490	275	215	1.4	1.6	1.1
Filipino	1,325	645	680	3.7	3.7	3.6
French Canadian	265	130	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	565	310	255	1.6	1.8	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,100	1,960	2,135	11.4	11.3	11.4
Métis	5,640	2,730	2,910	15.6	15.7	15.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	310	165	145	0.9	1.0	0.8
Russian	580	270	315	1.6	1.6	1.7
Norwegian	2,180	965	1,215	6.0	5.6	6.5
Welsh	480	245	230	1.3	1.4	1.2
Portuguese	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	290	170	120	0.8	1.0	0.6
Spanish	220	155	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
Swedish	1,040	445	595	2.9	2.6	3.2
Hungarian	635	260	375	1.8	1.5	2.0
Acadian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	145	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	65	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,895	1,920	1,970	10.8	11.1	10.5
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	185	105	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	180	105	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Danish	190	105	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,020	485	535	2.8	2.8	2.9
Sikh	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	335	160	180	0.9	0.9	1.0
Belgian	125	45	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	165	110	50	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mexican	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	150	50	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swiss	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	145	55	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	65	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	75	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	165	80	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Colombian	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	170	95	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	125	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Congolese	155	100	55	0.4	0.6	0.3
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Byelorussian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	845	395	450	2.3	2.3	2.4
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	375	155	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	210	95	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	150	60	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	455	210	240	1.3	1.2	1.3
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	36,105	17,355	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	21,240	9,705	11,530	58.8	55.9	61.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,485	1,160	1,330	6.9	6.7	7.1
Anabaptist	105	20	75	0.3	0.1	0.4
Anglican	2,980	1,330	1,645	8.3	7.7	8.8
Baptist	300	145	160	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catholic	10,710	5,070	5,635	29.7	29.2	30.1
Christian Orthodox	350	175	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	140	50	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Latter Day Saints	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	880	375	500	2.4	2.2	2.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	535	255	275	1.5	1.5	1.5
Presbyterian	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,380	510	870	3.8	2.9	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,080	475	605	3.0	2.7	3.2
Hindu	490	290	205	1.4	1.7	1.1
Jewish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Muslim	500	265	235	1.4	1.5	1.3
Sikh	230	115	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	365	180	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	180	65	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	13,035	6,710	6,325	36.1	38.7	33.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,650	17,145	18,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	29,390	14,140	15,255	82.4	82.5	82.4
Movers	6,265	3,010	3,255	17.6	17.6	17.6
Non-migrants	4,345	2,115	2,230	12.2	12.3	12.1
Migrants	1,915	890	1,030	5.4	5.2	5.6
Internal migrants	1,800	825	980	5.0	4.8	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,370	605	765	3.8	3.5	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	435	220	215	1.2	1.3	1.2
External migrants	115	65	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	33,460	15,960	17,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,090	8,600	9,490	54.1	53.9	54.2
Movers	15,370	7,365	8,010	45.9	46.1	45.8
Non-migrants	8,275	4,035	4,240	24.7	25.3	24.2
Migrants	7,095	3,330	3,765	21.2	20.9	21.5
Internal migrants	5,805	2,625	3,175	17.3	16.4	18.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,935	2,215	2,720	14.7	13.9	15.5
Interprovincial migrants	870	410	460	2.6	2.6	2.6
External migrants	1,290	700	590	3.9	4.4	3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,975	13,195	14,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,330	3,275	3,060	22.6	24.8	20.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,645	9,920	11,725	77.4	75.2	79.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,570	8,200	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,585	1,405	1,180	14.7	17.1	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,980	6,800	8,185	85.3	82.9	87.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,980	13,195	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,790	2,945	2,845	20.7	22.3	19.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,645	4,820	4,825	34.5	36.5	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,540	5,425	7,115	44.8	41.1	48.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,085	3,705	4,380	28.9	28.1	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,435	1,670	760	8.7	12.7	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,090	600	485	3.9	4.5	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,345	1,070	275	4.8	8.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,715	1,675	3,040	16.9	12.7	20.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	940	360	580	3.4	2.7	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,455	1,720	2,735	15.9	13.0	18.5
Bachelor's degree	3,295	1,210	2,085	11.8	9.2	14.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	290	135	150	1.0	1.0	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	75	75	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	640	245	395	2.3	1.9	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	60	25	0.3	0.5	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,570	8,205	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,260	1,215	1,050	12.9	14.8	11.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,990	3,055	2,935	34.1	37.2	31.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,315	3,930	5,380	53.0	47.9	57.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,830	2,690	3,140	33.2	32.8	33.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,790	1,240	550	10.2	15.1	5.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	795	460	335	4.5	5.6	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	990	775	215	5.6	9.4	2.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,380	1,200	2,175	19.2	14.6	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	665	255	410	3.8	3.1	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,485	1,240	2,245	19.8	15.1	24.0
Bachelor's degree	2,595	870	1,720	14.8	10.6	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	205	85	120	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	55	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	495	185	315	2.8	2.3	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	70	45	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,975	13,190	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,435	7,765	7,670	55.2	58.9	51.9
Education	1,325	415	915	4.7	3.1	6.2
13. Education	1,325	415	915	4.7	3.1	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	185	95	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	185	90	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Humanities	340	165	170	1.2	1.3	1.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	60	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	70	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	55	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,060	330	725	3.8	2.5	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	20	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	315	35	280	1.1	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	155	60	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	120	35	85	0.4	0.3	0.6
45. Social sciences	300	160	145	1.1	1.2	1.0
Business, management and public administration	2,735	805	1,930	9.8	6.1	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	530	100	430	1.9	0.8	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,195	705	1,495	7.8	5.3	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	195	105	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	95	50	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	170	125	1.1	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	170	110	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,135	2,030	105	7.6	15.4	0.7
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	240	200	35	0.9	1.5	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	380	350	30	1.4	2.7	0.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	700	680	15	2.5	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	590	565	20	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	230	225	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	375	240	135	1.3	1.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	65	65	0.5	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	245	175	70	0.9	1.3	0.5
Health and related fields	2,580	460	2,120	9.2	3.5	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,440	380	2,060	8.7	2.9	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,315	615	705	4.7	4.7	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	570	130	445	2.0	1.0	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	305	250	2.0	2.3	1.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	185	175	10	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,565	8,200	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,250	4,265	3,985	47.0	52.0	42.6
Education	855	255	595	4.9	3.1	6.4
13. Education	855	255	595	4.9	3.1	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	150	85	65	0.9	1.0	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	145	80	65	0.8	1.0	0.7
Humanities	245	115	135	1.4	1.4	1.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	55	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	835	220	615	4.8	2.7	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	20	50	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	265	30	230	1.5	0.4	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	120	25	90	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	100	30	70	0.6	0.4	0.7
45. Social sciences	210	100	110	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	2,035	605	1,430	11.6	7.4	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	455	90	365	2.6	1.1	3.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,585	520	1,065	9.0	6.3	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	80	65	0.8	1.0	0.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	260	140	120	1.5	1.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	140	100	1.4	1.7	1.1
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,535	1,445	85	8.7	17.6	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	195	165	30	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	245	220	25	1.4	2.7	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	530	515	10	3.0	6.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	410	395	20	2.3	4.8	0.2
48. Precision production	150	150	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	250	145	105	1.4	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	95	55	0.9	1.2	0.6
Health and related fields	1,940	355	1,585	11.0	4.3	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,840	300	1,545	10.5	3.7	16.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,060	480	580	6.0	5.9	6.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	470	115	360	2.7	1.4	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	445	225	215	2.5	2.7	2.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	145	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,565	8,200	9,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,250	4,265	3,985	47.0	52.0	42.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,315	3,935	5,380	53.0	48.0	57.4
Location of study inside Canada	7,975	3,295	4,675	45.4	40.2	49.9
Same as province or territory of residence	6,670	2,650	4,025	38.0	32.3	43.0
Different than province or territory of residence	1,305	655	655	7.4	8.0	7.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,340	635	705	7.6	7.7	7.5
Americas	95	55	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
United States of America	95	55	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	110	50	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	220	105	105	1.3	1.3	1.1
Nigeria	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	70	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	890	395	490	5.1	4.8	5.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	505	210	295	2.9	2.6	3.2
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	130	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pakistan	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Australia	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,980	13,195	14,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,205	8,570	8,635	...	...	...
Employed	15,230	7,470	7,760	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,975	1,100	875	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,775	4,630	6,150	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.5	64.9	58.4	61.5	64.9	58.4
Employment rate	54.4	56.6	52.5	54.4	56.6	52.5
Unemployment rate	11.5	12.8	10.1	11.5	12.8	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,975	13,190	14,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,540	5,070	6,465	41.3	38.4	43.7
Worked	16,440	8,120	8,315	58.8	61.6	56.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,820	4,485	4,330	31.5	34.0	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,625	3,640	3,985	27.3	27.6	27.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.6	40.7	40.7	40.6	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,200	8,565	8,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	320	300	3.6	3.7	3.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,580	8,245	8,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
Employee	15,130	7,380	7,745	88.0	86.2	89.7
Permanent position	12,295	6,005	6,285	71.5	70.1	72.8
Temporary position	2,835	1,375	1,455	16.5	16.1	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	730	320	410	4.2	3.7	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,105	1,055	1,050	12.2	12.3	12.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,455	865	590	8.5	10.1	6.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,200	8,565	8,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	320	300	3.6	3.7	3.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,580	8,245	8,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	90	20	0.6	1.1	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,205	620	1,585	12.8	7.2	18.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	525	405	125	3.1	4.7	1.4
3 Health occupations	1,930	340	1,585	11.2	4.0	18.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,430	1,295	2,135	19.9	15.1	24.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	195	80	115	1.1	0.9	1.3
6 Sales and service occupations	4,785	2,290	2,495	27.8	26.7	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,720	2,520	200	15.8	29.4	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	400	360	35	2.3	4.2	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	285	255	35	1.7	3.0	0.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,200	8,565	8,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	620	320	300	3.6	3.7	3.5
All industries¹⁹¹	16,580	8,245	8,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	240	195	40	1.4	2.3	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	275	245	30	1.6	2.9	0.3
22 Utilities	110	80	30	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	1,110	1,000	115	6.5	11.7	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	230	170	55	1.3	2.0	0.6
41 Wholesale trade	390	310	80	2.3	3.6	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,415	1,290	1,125	14.0	15.1	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	480	385	95	2.8	4.5	1.1
51 Information and cultural industries	165	100	65	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	375	155	220	2.2	1.8	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	200	105	95	1.2	1.2	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	490	245	255	2.8	2.9	3.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	505	330	180	2.9	3.9	2.1
61 Educational services	1,465	475	990	8.5	5.5	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	3,370	680	2,690	19.6	7.9	31.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	355	175	180	2.1	2.0	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,370	660	710	8.0	7.7	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	940	505	435	5.5	5.9	5.0
91 Public administration	2,085	1,145	940	12.1	13.4	10.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,285	9,030	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,785	8,805	8,980	97.3	97.5	97.0
French	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	135	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	295	135	160	1.6	1.5	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,285	9,030	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,225	9,005	9,225	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	18,150	8,970	9,180	99.3	99.3	99.1
English	18,055	8,940	9,115	98.7	99.0	98.4
French	95	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official languages	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	30	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,285	9,030	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,905	8,845	9,060	97.9	98.0	97.8
English	100	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
French	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Non-official language	190	90	105	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	125	55	70	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-Indigenous	65	30	30	0.4	0.3	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,225	7,470	7,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,120	520	600	7.4	7.0	7.7
Worked outside Canada	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,130	1,470	660	14.0	19.7	8.5
Usual place of work	11,960	5,465	6,495	78.6	73.2	83.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,960	5,465	6,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,945	4,265	5,680	83.2	78.0	87.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,035	580	450	8.7	10.6	6.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	765	455	310	6.4	8.3	4.8
Commute to a different province or territory	205	160	50	1.7	2.9	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,085	6,935	7,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	12,935	6,400	6,530	91.8	92.3	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,875	6,035	5,845	84.3	87.0	81.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,060	370	690	7.5	5.3	9.7
Public transit	240	95	135	1.7	1.4	1.9
Walked	525	235	290	3.7	3.4	4.1
Bicycle	55	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other method	340	170	170	2.4	2.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,085	6,935	7,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,795	4,630	5,155	69.5	66.8	72.1
15 to 29 minutes	2,780	1,355	1,430	19.7	19.5	20.0
30 to 44 minutes	650	395	250	4.6	5.7	3.5
45 to 59 minutes	250	135	110	1.8	1.9	1.5
60 minutes and over	610	415	200	4.3	6.0	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,085	6,935	7,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	675	500	175	4.8	7.2	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,300	1,295	1,010	16.3	18.7	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,100	2,055	2,050	29.1	29.6	28.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,455	1,405	2,045	24.5	20.3	28.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,730	820	900	12.3	11.8	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,825	865	960	13.0	12.5	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,885	5,050	4,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	730	355	375	7.4	7.0	7.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,155	4,690	4,465	92.6	92.9	92.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,100	3,625	3,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	565	285	285	8.0	7.9	8.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	180	195	5.3	5.0	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	195	105	90	2.7	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,530	3,345	3,185	92.0	92.3	91.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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