Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lethbridge, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	98,406	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,729	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,862	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,225	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	812.5	...	...	812.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	121.12	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,405	48,330	50,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,060	8,740	8,320	17.3	18.1	16.6
0 to 4 years	5,280	2,670	2,610	5.4	5.5	5.2
5 to 9 years	5,800	2,930	2,870	5.9	6.1	5.7
10 to 14 years	5,980	3,140	2,835	6.1	6.5	5.7
15 to 64 years	63,535	31,630	31,905	64.6	65.4	63.7
15 to 19 years	5,630	2,815	2,815	5.7	5.8	5.6
20 to 24 years	7,715	3,805	3,910	7.8	7.9	7.8
25 to 29 years	7,245	3,755	3,495	7.4	7.8	7.0
30 to 34 years	7,130	3,575	3,560	7.2	7.4	7.1
35 to 39 years	6,885	3,455	3,430	7.0	7.1	6.9
40 to 44 years	6,195	3,070	3,120	6.3	6.4	6.2
45 to 49 years	5,625	2,835	2,790	5.7	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,225	2,550	2,670	5.3	5.3	5.3
55 to 59 years	5,810	2,870	2,935	5.9	5.9	5.9
60 to 64 years	6,075	2,895	3,180	6.2	6.0	6.4
65 years and over	17,810	7,965	9,850	18.1	16.5	19.7
65 to 69 years	5,505	2,605	2,905	5.6	5.4	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,490	2,045	2,445	4.6	4.2	4.9
75 to 79 years	3,185	1,450	1,735	3.2	3.0	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,195	920	1,275	2.2	1.9	2.5
85 years and over	2,430	950	1,485	2.5	2.0	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,430	600	835	1.5	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	755	285	470	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	215	55	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3	18.1	16.6	17.3	18.1	16.6
15 to 64 years	64.6	65.4	63.7	64.6	65.4	63.7
65 years and over	18.1	16.5	19.7	18.1	16.5	19.7
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	3.0	2.5	2.0	3.0
Average age of the population	40.2	39.2	41.2	40.2	39.2	41.2
Median age of the population	38.0	37.2	39.2	38.0	37.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,180	...	...	62.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,490	...	...	6.2	...	...
Row house	2,465	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,040	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,445	...	...	13.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	825	...	...	2.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	765	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,535	...	...	28.7	...	...
2 persons	14,655	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	5,855	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	4,990	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,190	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	96,270	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,345	39,595	41,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	45,265	22,525	22,740	55.6	56.9	54.5
Married	37,250	18,555	18,700	45.8	46.9	44.8
Living common-law	8,015	3,975	4,045	9.9	10.0	9.7
Living common law - Never married	6,050	3,020	3,035	7.4	7.6	7.3
Living common law - Separated	230	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,560	750	810	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	175	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	36,080	17,065	19,015	44.4	43.1	45.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,895	12,970	10,930	29.4	32.8	26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,845	805	1,040	2.3	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,095	2,410	3,680	7.5	6.1	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,245	875	3,365	5.2	2.2	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,315	...	...	54.3	...	...
3 persons	5,100	...	...	19.3	...	...
4 persons	4,520	...	...	17.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,450	...	...	9.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,080	...	...	83.7	...	...
Married couples	18,075	...	...	68.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,950	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	9,120	...	...	34.6	...	...
Common-law couples	4,005	...	...	15.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...	5.1	...	...
Without children	2,650	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,300	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,320	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	980	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	96,270	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	75,460	37,220	38,240	78.4	78.4	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,160	22,020	22,140	45.9	46.4	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,300	975	3,320	4.5	2.1	6.8
Children⁶	27,005	14,225	12,775	28.1	30.0	26.2
In a two-parent family	20,200	10,535	9,665	21.0	22.2	19.8
In a one-parent family	6,800	3,690	3,110	7.1	7.8	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,810	10,245	10,565	21.6	21.6	21.6
Living alone	11,530	5,180	6,355	12.0	10.9	13.0
Living with other relatives⁷	2,460	1,150	1,305	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,820	3,915	2,905	7.1	8.2	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,335	...	...	58.0	...	...
Couple-family households	20,025	...	...	49.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,385	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	10,640	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	755	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,500	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,910	...	...	7.2	...	...
One-person households	11,530	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,220	38,725	40,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,050	37,125	38,925	96.0	95.9	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	36,800	41,600	48,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,090	37,145	38,945	96.0	95.9	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,700	34,155	34,545	86.7	88.2	85.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,800	28,800	36,000	44,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,785	28,550	27,235	70.4	73.7	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,755	32,420	35,330	85.5	83.7	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,450	10,400	8,800	6,450	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,415	3,595	3,820	9.4	9.3	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,020	9,655	11,365	26.5	24.9	28.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,055	37,065	38,990	96.0	95.7	96.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,600	44,840	52,500	60,600	44,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,090	37,080	39,015	96.0	95.7	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,400	39,400	44,760	50,400	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,875	34,140	34,730	86.9	88.1	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,900	38,280	47,520	56,900	38,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,780	28,390	27,390	70.4	73.3	67.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	56,300	38,800	47,680	56,300	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,600	32,240	35,360	85.3	83.2	87.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,670	9,390	11,840	10,670	9,390	11,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,425	3,570	3,850	9.4	9.2	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,395	7,290	6,860	6,395	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,840	9,490	11,350	26.3	24.5	28.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,490	8,310	8,630	8,490	8,310	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,220	38,735	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,965	14,825	11,140	32.8	38.3	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	56,800	62,400	67,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,100	78,000	62,000	71,100	78,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,030	10,465	12,565	29.1	27.0	31.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,200	17,800	19,600	22,200	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	35,080	24,500	29,320	35,080	24,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.6	76.0	82.0	86.6	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	71.2	60.8	66.6	71.2	60.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.1	13.5	24.0	18.1	13.5	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.9	6.6	5.1	3.9	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	5.6	4.4	3.5	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,175	1,605	1,570	4.0	4.1	3.9
With total income	76,045	37,130	38,920	96.0	95.9	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,270	2,270	3,000	6.9	6.1	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,525	2,830	4,700	9.9	7.6	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	13,345	5,775	7,570	17.5	15.6	19.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,210	4,365	5,845	13.4	11.8	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,755	3,985	4,775	11.5	10.7	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,265	3,615	3,650	9.6	9.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,790	3,100	2,690	7.6	8.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	2,635	1,910	6.0	7.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,240	1,940	1,305	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,660	1,580	1,080	3.5	4.3	2.8
$100,000 and over	7,445	5,035	2,405	9.8	13.6	6.2
$100,000 to $149,999	5,430	3,520	1,910	7.1	9.5	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,015	1,515	500	2.6	4.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,130	1,580	1,550	4.0	4.1	3.8
With after-tax income	76,090	37,145	38,945	96.0	95.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,545	2,355	3,190	7.3	6.3	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	2,955	4,885	10.3	8.0	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	14,930	6,515	8,415	19.6	17.5	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	11,980	5,265	6,715	15.7	14.2	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,225	4,965	5,260	13.4	13.4	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,800	4,130	3,665	10.3	11.1	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	3,245	2,500	7.6	8.7	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,755	2,270	1,485	4.9	6.1	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,710	1,220	3.9	4.6	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	1,100	620	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	3,620	2,630	995	4.8	7.1	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	1,440	580	2.7	3.9	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,605	1,190	410	2.1	3.2	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,440	10,180	13,260	29.6	26.3	32.7
With employment income	55,780	28,550	27,235	70.4	73.7	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,400	2,910	3,490	11.5	10.2	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,420	1,850	2,570	7.9	6.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	6,960	3,035	3,925	12.5	10.6	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	5,745	2,475	3,270	10.3	8.7	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,335	2,455	2,885	9.6	8.6	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,260	2,625	2,640	9.4	9.2	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,640	2,420	2,220	8.3	8.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,890	2,195	1,695	7.0	7.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	1,920	1,240	5.7	6.7	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,440	890	4.2	5.0	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,085	1,255	825	3.7	4.4	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,555	3,970	1,585	10.0	13.9	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	3,120	2,030	1,090	5.6	7.1	4.0
$125,000 and over	2,435	1,940	495	4.4	6.8	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,220	38,725	40,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,755	36,465	38,295	94.4	94.2	94.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,400	40,400	48,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,790	36,470	38,320	94.4	94.2	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,000	36,800	42,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,205	33,905	34,305	86.1	87.6	84.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,000	38,000	46,400	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,320	28,750	27,565	71.1	74.2	68.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	33,200	39,200	47,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,395	31,435	33,960	82.5	81.2	83.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,300	1,050	5,360	2,300	1,050	5,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,125	2,575	2,560	6.5	6.6	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,080	6,700	5,800	5,080	6,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,865	36,490	38,380	94.5	94.2	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,500	60,250	43,200	51,500	60,250	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,890	36,490	38,400	94.5	94.2	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	49,920	37,720	43,680	49,920	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,470	33,940	34,525	86.4	87.6	85.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,850	39,640	49,160	58,850	39,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,405	28,670	27,735	71.2	74.0	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080	55,900	40,040	48,080	55,900	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,705	31,580	34,125	82.9	81.5	84.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,385	8,440	7,450	6,385	8,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,335	2,745	2,595	6.7	7.1	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	6,510	8,480	7,470	6,510	8,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,220	38,735	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,800	14,715	11,085	32.6	38.0	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	66,500	54,000	60,800	66,500	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	73,600	59,650	67,600	73,600	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,005	10,015	11,985	27.8	25.9	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	28,400	23,200	25,000	28,400	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	41,280	29,360	34,760	41,280	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	82.6	87.4	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	70.4	72.8	67.0	70.4	72.8	67.0
Government transfers (%)	12.7	9.2	17.4	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,920	...	...	49,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...	1.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,590	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,670	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,245	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,435	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,605	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,665	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,000	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,695	...	...	39.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,035	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,610	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,080	...	...	10.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,975	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,650	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,875	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,485	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,630	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,920	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,885	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,525	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,390	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,025	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,175	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,180	...	...	10.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,350	9,090	9,260	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,800	35,200	36,800	38,800	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,390	9,015	9,370	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,640	47,360	44,000	45,640	47,360	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,760	40,560	38,960	39,760	40,560	38,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	96,270	47,470	48,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,320	10,400	9,920	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	6,440	3,240	3,200	6.7	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years	59,720	29,590	30,130	62.0	62.3	61.7
65 years and over	16,230	7,475	8,755	16.9	15.7	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,470	4,345	5,130	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,430	1,260	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	445	405	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,420	2,505	2,910	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,625	580	1,045	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.2	10.5	9.8	9.2	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8	12.0	12.1	11.8
0 to 5 years (%)	13.2	13.9	12.5	13.2	13.9	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.5	9.7	9.1	8.5	9.7
65 years and over (%)	10.0	7.7	12.0	10.0	7.7	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	96,270	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,320	10,400	9,920	21.1	21.9	20.3
0 to 5 years	6,445	3,240	3,205	6.7	6.8	6.6
18 to 64 years	59,720	29,595	30,130	62.0	62.4	61.7
65 years and over	16,230	7,480	8,755	16.9	15.8	17.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,800	1,925	1,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	710	375	340	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	130	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,880	1,455	1,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	210	95	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4	3.7	4.0	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.8	4.9	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	96,270	47,470	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	50,520	24,350	26,165	52.5	51.3	53.6
In bottom decile	9,165	4,475	4,690	9.5	9.4	9.6
In second decile	10,825	4,940	5,880	11.2	10.4	12.0
In third decile	10,230	4,930	5,300	10.6	10.4	10.9
In fourth decile	10,170	5,005	5,170	10.6	10.5	10.6
In fifth decile	10,120	4,995	5,130	10.5	10.5	10.5
In top half of the distribution	45,750	23,115	22,640	47.5	48.7	46.4
In sixth decile	9,830	4,885	4,945	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	9,670	4,865	4,810	10.0	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	9,595	4,845	4,755	10.0	10.2	9.7
In ninth decile	9,105	4,685	4,425	9.5	9.9	9.1
In top decile	7,545	3,840	3,705	7.8	8.1	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	96,270	...	...	96,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	97,080	47,710	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	91,175	44,985	46,190	93.9	94.3	93.6
French only	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	5,020	2,325	2,690	5.2	4.9	5.4
Neither English nor French	845	375	475	0.9	0.8	1.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	97,080	47,710	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,245	46,835	48,410	98.1	98.2	98.1
French	790	410	380	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	820	355	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	97,080	47,710	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	94,910	46,680	48,235	97.8	97.8	97.7
Official languages	82,280	40,585	41,690	84.8	85.1	84.5
English	81,480	40,180	41,300	83.9	84.2	83.7
French	800	410	390	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	12,630	6,090	6,540	13.0	12.8	13.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	265	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,355	5,970	6,385	12.7	12.5	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,015	530	485	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	915	475	440	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	690	350	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,615	735	885	1.7	1.5	1.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,330	600	730	1.4	1.3	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,285	3,540	3,745	7.5	7.4	7.6
Albanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,000	425	570	1.0	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	975	410	560	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	300	115	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	85	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,830	865	965	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	930	435	490	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	915	430	485	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	830	390	435	0.9	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	60	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	645	305	340	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,385	1,205	1,170	2.5	2.5	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,070	1,055	1,020	2.1	2.2	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	245	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	990	495	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	170	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Urdu	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,985	990	990	2.0	2.1	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,595	795	800	1.6	1.7	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	405	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dinka	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	765	365	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	715	335	385	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	375	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,170	1,035	1,130	2.2	2.2	2.3
English and French	285	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,655	800	850	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	97,080	47,710	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,910	41,315	42,595	86.4	86.6	86.3
French	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,200	1,600	1,595	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,150	1,580	1,575	3.2	3.3	3.2
English and French	735	345	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	8,560	4,105	4,450	8.8	8.6	9.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	97,080	47,710	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	95,080	46,730	48,345	97.9	97.9	97.9
Official languages	88,690	43,565	45,130	91.4	91.3	91.4
English	88,445	43,440	45,005	91.1	91.1	91.2
French	245	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	6,385	3,170	3,220	6.6	6.6	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,300	3,125	3,175	6.5	6.5	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	335	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	605	310	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arabic	470	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	155	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,075	535	540	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	905	450	450	0.9	0.9	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,290	1,635	1,650	3.4	3.4	3.3
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	310	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	160	70	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	855	840	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,520	775	745	1.6	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	785	390	400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080	540	545	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	960	480	475	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,000	980	1,020	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,830	900	925	1.9	1.9	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	97,080	47,715	49,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,015	43,850	45,160	91.7	91.9	91.5
English	2,705	1,320	1,385	2.8	2.8	2.8
French	630	300	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	3,885	1,800	2,080	4.0	3.8	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	310	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	3,570	1,665	1,910	3.7	3.5	3.9
English and French	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	310	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	370	205	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	96,270	47,465	48,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	95,530	47,150	48,385	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	95,475	47,110	48,365	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	5,055	2,365	2,695	5.3	5.0	5.5
Non-official languages	17,905	8,770	9,140	18.6	18.5	18.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	785	340	445	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquian languages	770	335	440	0.8	0.7	0.9
Blackfoot	715	305	415	0.7	0.6	0.9
Cree-Innu languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,150	8,435	8,715	17.8	17.8	17.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,365	730	640	1.4	1.5	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	170	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	90	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,235	655	580	1.3	1.4	1.2
Amharic	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	940	490	450	1.0	1.0	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,185	995	1,195	2.3	2.1	2.4
Bikol	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	895	1,080	2.0	1.9	2.2
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,040	5,125	10.6	10.6	10.5
Albanian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,210	610	595	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,205	605	595	1.3	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	380	180	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	380	215	165	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	250	115	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,695	1,345	1,350	2.8	2.8	2.8
Frisian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,495	805	680	1.6	1.7	1.4
German	1,475	805	670	1.5	1.7	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,160	525	630	1.2	1.1	1.3
Afrikaans	165	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	780	360	425	0.8	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,775	1,420	1,360	2.9	3.0	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,245	1,210	2.6	2.6	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Gujarati	390	205	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	845	415	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	955	500	455	1.0	1.1	0.9
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	220	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	180	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	255	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,595	1,765	1,835	3.7	3.7	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,055	1,470	1,585	3.2	3.1	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	520	270	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	960	475	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Akan (Twi)	185	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	350	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	265	100	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dinka	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	970	460	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	915	420	495	1.0	0.9	1.0
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	505	235	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	130	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	265	100	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,275	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,395	3,115	3,280	6.6	6.6	6.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,190	3,015	3,175	6.4	6.4	6.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,045	1,970	2,075	4.2	4.2	4.3
Métis	2,110	1,030	1,080	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	89,875	44,350	45,525	93.4	93.4	93.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,275	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,610	1,755	1,855	3.7	3.7	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,660	45,710	46,945	96.2	96.3	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	27,440	...	...	68.2	...	...
Renter	12,785	...	...	31.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,575	...	...	11.4	...	...
Not condominium	35,650	...	...	88.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	3,175	...	...	7.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,210	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,485	...	...	31.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,130	...	...	37.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,915	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	5,885	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	5,735	...	...	14.3	...	...
7 rooms	5,755	...	...	14.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,930	...	...	34.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,725	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	500	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	38,980	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,245	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,225	...	...	18.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,780	...	...	26.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,035	...	...	10.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,845	...	...	12.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,440	...	...	8.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,560	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,185	...	...	7.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,155	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,275	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,950	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,825	...	...	49.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,130	...	...	45.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,270	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,410	...	...	6.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,780	...	...	16.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,180	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,225	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,060	...	...	17.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,010	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,110	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,845	...	...	79.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,225	...	...	20.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,610	...	...	19.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,645	...	...	26.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,525	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,015	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,355	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	525	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,580	...	...	73.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,765	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not in core need	35,685	...	...	90.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,394	...	...	1,394	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	314,000	...	...	314,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	338,000	...	...	338,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,785	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,175	...	...	1,175	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	96,270	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,490	1,695	1,795	3.6	3.6	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,475	1,695	1,785	3.6	3.6	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,085	1,490	1,600	3.2	3.1	3.3
Métis single ancestry	370	195	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,415	1,705	1,705	3.5	3.6	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,275	1,630	1,640	3.4	3.4	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,960	960	1,000	2.0	2.0	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,290	660	630	1.3	1.4	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,365	44,060	45,305	92.8	92.8	92.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	96,270	47,470	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,560	44,230	45,335	93.0	93.2	92.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,400	9,970	9,425	20.2	21.0	19.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,165	34,255	35,905	72.9	72.2	73.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,710	3,235	3,470	7.0	6.8	7.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	96,270	47,470	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,370	39,660	40,715	83.5	83.5	83.4
Immigrants⁸¹	14,485	7,090	7,395	15.0	14.9	15.2
Before 1980	3,145	1,470	1,675	3.3	3.1	3.4
1980 to 1990	1,190	605	585	1.2	1.3	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,105	535	565	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	3,115	1,560	1,550	3.2	3.3	3.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,940	2,910	3,025	6.2	6.1	6.2
2011 to 2015	2,780	1,405	1,375	2.9	3.0	2.8
2016 to 2021	3,155	1,510	1,650	3.3	3.2	3.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,415	725	690	1.5	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,490	7,090	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,380	665	710	9.5	9.4	9.6
5 to 14 years	3,070	1,590	1,480	21.2	22.4	20.0
15 to 24 years	2,840	1,350	1,490	19.6	19.0	20.1
25 to 44 years	6,155	2,955	3,200	42.5	41.7	43.3
45 years and over	1,045	525	515	7.2	7.4	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,490	7,090	7,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,830	1,340	1,495	19.5	18.9	20.2
Brazil	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Colombia	215	100	115	1.5	1.4	1.6
El Salvador	550	280	275	3.8	3.9	3.7
Guyana	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	75	55	0.9	1.1	0.7
Mexico	375	205	170	2.6	2.9	2.3
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	940	395	545	6.5	5.6	7.4
Other places of birth in Americas	510	220	290	3.5	3.1	3.9
Europe	4,210	2,075	2,140	29.1	29.3	28.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Croatia	100	50	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
France	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	530	265	265	3.7	3.7	3.6
Greece	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	90	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italy	95	40	60	0.7	0.6	0.8
Netherlands	635	300	335	4.4	4.2	4.5
Poland	250	110	140	1.7	1.6	1.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	110	60	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
Russian Federation	80	50	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	100	55	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,540	770	770	10.6	10.9	10.4
Other places of birth in Europe	500	250	245	3.5	3.5	3.3
Africa	1,840	970	870	12.7	13.7	11.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	90	50	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ethiopia	190	120	75	1.3	1.7	1.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	260	135	125	1.8	1.9	1.7
Somalia	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	195	95	100	1.3	1.3	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	965	505	465	6.7	7.1	6.3
Asia	5,455	2,615	2,840	37.6	36.9	38.4
Afghanistan	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	305	160	140	2.1	2.3	1.9
Turkey	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	400	170	230	2.8	2.4	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Taiwan	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	1,810	805	1,000	12.5	11.4	13.5
Viet Nam	215	100	120	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bangladesh	80	35	40	0.6	0.5	0.5
India	625	325	305	4.3	4.6	4.1
Pakistan	175	95	80	1.2	1.3	1.1
Sri Lanka	90	45	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,365	670	695	9.4	9.4	9.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	95	55	1.0	1.3	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,155	1,510	1,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	590	270	320	18.7	17.9	19.4
Brazil	25	10	10	0.8	0.7	0.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	40	40	2.5	2.6	2.4
Mexico	125	60	60	4.0	4.0	3.6
United States of America	130	50	75	4.1	3.3	4.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	225	105	115	7.1	7.0	7.0
Europe	290	170	120	9.2	11.3	7.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	15	0.6	0.7	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	90	35	4.0	6.0	2.1
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	50	2.5	2.3	3.0
Africa	675	325	345	21.4	21.5	20.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.2
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.2
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	80	55	30	2.5	3.6	1.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	145	75	75	4.6	5.0	4.5
Somalia	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	40	15	25	1.3	1.0	1.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	130	140	8.6	8.6	8.5
Asia	1,580	720	865	50.1	47.7	52.4
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Bangladesh	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
China⁹⁰	40	10	35	1.3	0.7	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	110	100	6.7	7.3	6.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	0.9
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Nepal	85	45	40	2.7	3.0	2.4
Pakistan	75	30	50	2.4	2.0	3.0
Philippines	730	325	400	23.1	21.5	24.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	245	120	125	7.8	7.9	7.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40	2.1	2.0	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	0.8	1.3	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	96,275	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,945	8,375	8,565	17.6	17.6	17.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,115	8,210	8,905	17.8	17.3	18.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,215	30,885	31,335	64.6	65.1	64.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,345	5,615	5,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,700	2,920	2,780	50.2	52.0	48.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,190	1,460	730	19.3	26.0	12.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,510	1,460	2,045	30.9	26.0	35.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,520	1,050	1,465	22.2	18.7	25.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,025	1,605	1,415	26.7	28.6	24.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	35	65	0.9	0.6	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,345	5,615	5,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	140	165	2.7	2.5	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,090	1,140	950	18.4	20.3	16.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	480	260	220	4.2	4.6	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	645	315	325	5.7	5.6	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	15	70	0.7	0.3	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,745	3,745	4,000	68.3	66.7	69.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	96,275	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,625	7,815	7,810	16.2	16.5	16.0
South Asian	2,990	1,585	1,405	3.1	3.3	2.9
Chinese	1,430	670	760	1.5	1.4	1.6
Black	3,105	1,630	1,470	3.2	3.4	3.0
Filipino	2,320	1,075	1,245	2.4	2.3	2.6
Arab	435	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	1,955	925	1,035	2.0	1.9	2.1
Southeast Asian	785	355	430	0.8	0.7	0.9
West Asian	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	1,460	780	685	1.5	1.6	1.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	460	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,640	39,650	40,995	83.8	83.5	84.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	96,270	47,470	48,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,870	6,505	6,370	13.4	13.7	13.1
English	22,070	10,545	11,525	22.9	22.2	23.6
Irish	13,140	6,155	6,990	13.6	13.0	14.3
Scottish	16,665	7,965	8,690	17.3	16.8	17.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,000	3,385	3,615	7.3	7.1	7.4
German	18,495	9,040	9,460	19.2	19.0	19.4
Chinese	1,500	740	760	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italian	3,185	1,640	1,540	3.3	3.5	3.2
Indian (India)	1,135	575	560	1.2	1.2	1.1
Ukrainian	6,465	2,960	3,505	6.7	6.2	7.2
Dutch	7,045	3,385	3,660	7.3	7.1	7.5
Polish	3,600	1,715	1,880	3.7	3.6	3.9
Québécois	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,345	1,645	1,700	3.5	3.5	3.5
Filipino	2,310	1,100	1,215	2.4	2.3	2.5
French Canadian	515	245	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,800	870	930	1.9	1.8	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,910	965	950	2.0	2.0	1.9
Métis	1,805	925	875	1.9	1.9	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,155	1,105	1,050	2.2	2.3	2.2
Russian	2,625	1,210	1,415	2.7	2.5	2.9
Norwegian	4,540	2,085	2,455	4.7	4.4	5.0
Welsh	2,200	1,050	1,145	2.3	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	260	135	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	2,260	1,100	1,160	2.3	2.3	2.4
Spanish	750	340	410	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	2,635	1,240	1,390	2.7	2.6	2.8
Hungarian	3,030	1,385	1,650	3.1	2.9	3.4
Acadian	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	470	190	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
Jewish	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	360	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	320	170	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	245	140	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	375	145	230	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	725	360	360	0.8	0.8	0.7
Korean	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	830	370	465	0.9	0.8	1.0
Lebanese	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,260	1,070	1,190	2.3	2.3	2.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	290	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	865	455	415	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgian	520	225	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	300	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	730	385	345	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mennonite	800	395	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Swiss	740	355	380	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finnish	550	285	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	150	70	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatian	460	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,735	910	830	1.8	1.9	1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	840	430	410	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	215	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	560	235	330	0.6	0.5	0.7
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	695	305	390	0.7	0.6	0.8
Colombian	170	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	925	475	450	1.0	1.0	0.9
Syrian	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	260	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	510	235	275	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	385	195	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
South African	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	245	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	260	165	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	210	340	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bulgarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	555	300	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ghanaian	135	75	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	520	265	260	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,125	565	555	1.2	1.2	1.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	200	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	96,270	47,465	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,035	505	530	1.1	1.1	1.1
Christian	47,995	22,295	25,700	49.9	47.0	52.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,890	5,210	5,685	11.3	11.0	11.6
Anabaptist	320	190	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Anglican	2,420	1,095	1,325	2.5	2.3	2.7
Baptist	965	430	535	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	15,485	7,225	8,260	16.1	15.2	16.9
Christian Orthodox	540	265	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	485	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	5,565	2,605	2,960	5.8	5.5	6.1
Lutheran	2,040	970	1,065	2.1	2.0	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	885	400	485	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	525	235	290	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	710	375	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
United Church	4,400	1,795	2,600	4.6	3.8	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,650	1,215	1,440	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hindu	1,240	655	585	1.3	1.4	1.2
Jewish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,810	950	860	1.9	2.0	1.8
Sikh	325	170	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	380	175	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	720	295	430	0.7	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	42,645	22,365	20,280	44.3	47.1	41.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	95,180	46,965	48,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,510	39,240	40,270	83.5	83.6	83.5
Movers	15,670	7,725	7,940	16.5	16.4	16.5
Non-migrants	10,530	5,265	5,270	11.1	11.2	10.9
Migrants	5,140	2,465	2,670	5.4	5.2	5.5
Internal migrants	4,645	2,230	2,420	4.9	4.7	5.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,530	1,655	1,875	3.7	3.5	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	580	540	1.2	1.2	1.1
External migrants	490	240	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,990	44,740	46,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	50,100	24,580	25,520	55.1	54.9	55.2
Movers	40,890	20,160	20,730	44.9	45.1	44.8
Non-migrants	21,525	10,810	10,715	23.7	24.2	23.2
Migrants	19,370	9,350	10,015	21.3	20.9	21.7
Internal migrants	16,340	8,005	8,340	18.0	17.9	18.0
Intraprovincial migrants	12,375	6,025	6,350	13.6	13.5	13.7
Interprovincial migrants	3,965	1,980	1,985	4.4	4.4	4.3
External migrants	3,025	1,345	1,680	3.3	3.0	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,220	38,735	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,360	7,080	6,280	16.9	18.3	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,860	31,650	34,210	83.1	81.7	84.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,725	24,680	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,795	3,200	2,595	11.7	13.0	10.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,925	21,485	22,445	88.3	87.1	89.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,220	38,730	40,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,655	6,120	5,535	14.7	15.8	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,330	12,705	12,625	32.0	32.8	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,235	19,905	22,335	53.3	51.4	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,545	12,045	12,500	31.0	31.1	30.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,405	4,885	1,520	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,935	1,025	910	2.4	2.6	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,465	3,860	610	5.6	10.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,570	6,520	10,050	20.9	16.8	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,575	640	925	2.0	1.7	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,690	7,860	9,830	22.3	20.3	24.3
Bachelor's degree	12,265	5,075	7,190	15.5	13.1	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	345	395	0.9	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	345	165	0.6	0.9	0.4
Master's degree	3,195	1,455	1,740	4.0	3.8	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	985	645	335	1.2	1.7	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,720	24,680	25,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,855	2,725	2,130	9.8	11.0	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,110	7,630	6,480	28.4	30.9	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,755	14,320	16,430	61.9	58.0	65.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,075	8,420	8,655	34.3	34.1	34.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,400	3,410	995	8.8	13.8	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,235	690	545	2.5	2.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,165	2,725	445	6.4	11.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,610	4,555	7,055	23.4	18.5	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	455	605	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,675	5,895	7,775	27.5	23.9	31.0
Bachelor's degree	9,585	3,920	5,660	19.3	15.9	22.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	505	230	280	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	265	150	0.8	1.1	0.6
Master's degree	2,440	1,040	1,400	4.9	4.2	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	725	440	285	1.5	1.8	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,220	38,730	40,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,985	18,830	18,160	46.7	48.6	44.9
Education	3,550	1,030	2,525	4.5	2.7	6.2
13. Education	3,550	1,030	2,525	4.5	2.7	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490	695	795	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	105	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,385	590	795	1.7	1.5	2.0
Humanities	1,915	895	1,015	2.4	2.3	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	370	125	240	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	280	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	170	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	315	170	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,285	1,510	2,775	5.4	3.9	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	225	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	95	890	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	500	180	320	0.6	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	950	295	655	1.2	0.8	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,225	660	570	1.5	1.7	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,775	2,945	4,830	9.8	7.6	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	155	515	0.8	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,095	2,790	4,305	9.0	7.2	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,720	865	860	2.2	2.2	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935	430	505	1.2	1.1	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	155	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	315	230	85	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	790	385	1.5	2.0	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	880	630	255	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	130	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	125	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,610	7,095	520	9.6	18.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	165	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	735	650	90	0.9	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,800	1,585	215	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,090	2,040	50	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,885	1,835	50	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	940	875	65	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,525	1,010	520	1.9	2.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,060	740	320	1.3	1.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	270	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	8,490	1,700	6,790	10.7	4.4	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	655	320	335	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,725	1,305	6,420	9.8	3.4	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,675	1,370	1,305	3.4	3.5	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,545	480	1,060	2.0	1.2	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	810	575	235	1.0	1.5	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	295	10	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,720	24,675	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,965	10,360	8,610	38.1	42.0	34.4
Education	2,320	630	1,690	4.7	2.6	6.7
13. Education	2,320	630	1,690	4.7	2.6	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	475	575	2.1	1.9	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	430	575	2.0	1.7	2.3
Humanities	1,315	640	675	2.6	2.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	245	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	180	230	0.8	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	235	130	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,265	1,045	2,220	6.6	4.2	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	160	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	70	705	1.5	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	370	115	255	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	725	205	520	1.5	0.8	2.1
45. Social sciences	915	470	445	1.8	1.9	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,800	2,235	3,565	11.7	9.1	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	85	410	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,290	2,145	3,140	10.6	8.7	12.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	665	675	2.7	2.7	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	765	360	405	1.5	1.5	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	105	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	230	170	65	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	905	625	280	1.8	2.5	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	515	200	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,375	4,915	455	10.8	19.9	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	540	460	75	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,330	1,125	205	2.7	4.6	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,455	1,420	35	2.9	5.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,310	1,270	45	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	630	585	45	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	680	435	2.2	2.8	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	475	265	1.5	1.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	205	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
Health and related fields	6,295	1,400	4,895	12.7	5.7	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	265	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,690	1,080	4,605	11.4	4.4	18.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,005	960	4.0	4.1	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,120	345	775	2.3	1.4	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	610	435	170	1.2	1.8	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	220	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,720	24,675	25,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,965	10,360	8,610	38.1	42.0	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,750	14,325	16,430	61.8	58.1	65.6
Location of study inside Canada	26,325	12,245	14,080	52.9	49.6	56.2
Same as province or territory of residence	22,085	10,310	11,775	44.4	41.8	47.0
Different than province or territory of residence	4,245	1,935	2,315	8.5	7.8	9.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,425	2,080	2,350	8.9	8.4	9.4
Americas	1,565	720	850	3.1	2.9	3.4
United States of America	1,050	480	570	2.1	1.9	2.3
Mexico	160	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cuba	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	190	85	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Europe	730	365	365	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315	150	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	295	175	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	55	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	155	95	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asia	1,715	760	955	3.4	3.1	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Philippines	800	325	480	1.6	1.3	1.9
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	365	190	170	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	125	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,220	38,730	40,490	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,775	26,900	24,875	...	...	...
Employed	46,895	24,370	22,525	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,880	2,535	2,345	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,445	11,830	15,620	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.4	69.5	61.4	65.4	69.5	61.4
Employment rate	59.2	62.9	55.6	59.2	62.9	55.6
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,220	38,730	40,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,025	12,135	15,890	35.4	31.3	39.2
Worked	51,195	26,595	24,600	64.6	68.7	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,670	15,355	11,320	33.7	39.6	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,525	11,245	13,280	31.0	29.0	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.7	41.4	42.1	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,775	26,905	24,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570	2.3	2.2	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300	97.7	97.8	97.7
Employee	44,655	22,790	21,870	86.2	84.7	87.9
Permanent position	37,360	19,485	17,885	72.2	72.4	71.9
Temporary position	7,290	3,305	3,985	14.1	12.3	16.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,050	875	1,175	4.0	3.3	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,245	2,430	2,810	10.1	9.0	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,955	3,525	2,430	11.5	13.1	9.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,775	26,905	24,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570	2.3	2.2	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300	97.7	97.8	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	320	240	80	0.6	0.9	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,300	2,210	5,095	14.1	8.2	20.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,515	2,000	520	4.9	7.4	2.1
3 Health occupations	5,470	1,165	4,310	10.6	4.3	17.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,930	2,510	4,425	13.4	9.3	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,140	445	700	2.2	1.7	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	13,460	5,985	7,470	26.0	22.2	30.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,295	8,510	780	18.0	31.6	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,490	1,235	255	2.9	4.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,685	2,020	665	5.2	7.5	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,775	26,905	24,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570	2.3	2.2	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300	97.7	97.8	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,105	790	315	2.1	2.9	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	685	605	80	1.3	2.2	0.3
22 Utilities	290	265	30	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	4,045	3,530	515	7.8	13.1	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	4,230	3,205	1,020	8.2	11.9	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,460	1,075	375	2.8	4.0	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	6,520	3,100	3,425	12.6	11.5	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,075	1,665	410	4.0	6.2	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	620	390	230	1.2	1.4	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,545	560	980	3.0	2.1	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	735	400	330	1.4	1.5	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,510	1,395	1,110	4.8	5.2	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,795	1,050	745	3.5	3.9	3.0
61 Educational services	4,820	1,790	3,030	9.3	6.7	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,650	1,780	6,865	16.7	6.6	27.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	865	405	460	1.7	1.5	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,695	1,640	2,050	7.1	6.1	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,415	1,100	1,320	4.7	4.1	5.3
91 Public administration	2,495	1,530	965	4.8	5.7	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,345	28,535	26,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,040	27,965	26,080	97.6	98.0	97.3
French	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	315	135	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	765	365	405	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,345	28,535	26,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	55,170	28,440	26,730	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	54,980	28,365	26,620	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	54,825	28,340	26,485	99.1	99.3	98.8
French	155	20	130	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	190	80	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	80	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,345	28,535	26,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	54,380	28,105	26,275	98.3	98.5	98.0
English	160	50	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	205	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	520	260	255	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	435	215	215	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,895	24,370	22,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,070	2,755	3,310	12.9	11.3	14.7
Worked outside Canada	110	105	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,690	4,790	1,900	14.3	19.7	8.4
Usual place of work	34,025	16,715	17,310	72.6	68.6	76.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,020	16,710	17,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,255	13,765	15,495	86.0	82.4	89.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,350	2,070	1,280	9.8	12.4	7.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,200	715	485	3.5	4.3	2.8
Commute to a different province or territory	220	170	50	0.6	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,715	21,505	19,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,285	19,850	17,435	91.6	92.3	90.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,845	18,720	16,130	85.6	87.0	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,445	1,130	1,310	6.0	5.3	6.8
Public transit	930	345	580	2.3	1.6	3.0
Walked	1,465	700	770	3.6	3.3	4.0
Bicycle	390	265	130	1.0	1.2	0.7
Other method	640	350	290	1.6	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,715	21,505	19,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,350	10,435	10,920	52.4	48.5	56.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,445	8,030	6,415	35.5	37.3	33.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,705	1,630	1,075	6.6	7.6	5.6
45 to 59 minutes	935	520	420	2.3	2.4	2.2
60 minutes and over	1,275	890	380	3.1	4.1	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,715	21,505	19,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325	1,670	660	5.7	7.8	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,760	4,550	2,210	16.6	21.2	11.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,500	6,125	5,370	28.2	28.5	28.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,560	3,655	4,905	21.0	17.0	25.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,740	1,985	2,755	11.6	9.2	14.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,820	3,525	3,305	16.8	16.4	17.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,665	10,575	10,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	945	505	440	4.6	4.8	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,725	10,070	9,650	95.5	95.2	95.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,985	7,720	7,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	375	330	4.7	4.9	4.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	210	195	2.7	2.7	2.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	170	140	2.1	2.2	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,285	7,345	6,935	95.3	95.1	95.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table