Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lethbridge, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	98,406	...	...
Population, 2016¹	92,729	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,862	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,225	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	812.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	121.12	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	98,405	48,330	50,070
0 to 14 years	17,060	8,740	8,320
0 to 4 years	5,280	2,670	2,610
5 to 9 years	5,800	2,930	2,870
10 to 14 years	5,980	3,140	2,835
15 to 64 years	63,535	31,630	31,905
15 to 19 years	5,630	2,815	2,815
20 to 24 years	7,715	3,805	3,910
25 to 29 years	7,245	3,755	3,495
30 to 34 years	7,130	3,575	3,560
35 to 39 years	6,885	3,455	3,430
40 to 44 years	6,195	3,070	3,120
45 to 49 years	5,625	2,835	2,790
50 to 54 years	5,225	2,550	2,670
55 to 59 years	5,810	2,870	2,935
60 to 64 years	6,075	2,895	3,180
65 years and over	17,810	7,965	9,850
65 to 69 years	5,505	2,605	2,905
70 to 74 years	4,490	2,045	2,445
75 to 79 years	3,185	1,450	1,735
80 to 84 years	2,195	920	1,275
85 years and over	2,430	950	1,485
85 to 89 years	1,430	600	835
90 to 94 years	755	285	470
95 to 99 years	215	55	155
100 years and over	35	10	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.3	18.1	16.6
15 to 64 years	64.6	65.4	63.7
65 years and over	18.1	16.5	19.7
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	3.0
Average age of the population	40.2	39.2	41.2
Median age of the population	38.0	37.2	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,225	...	...
Single-detached house	25,180	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,490	...	...
Row house	2,465	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,040	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	825	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	765	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,225	...	...
1 person	11,535	...	...
2 persons	14,655	...	...
3 persons	5,855	...	...
4 persons	4,990	...	...
5 or more persons	3,190	...	...
Number of persons in private households	96,270	47,465	48,805
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,345	39,595	41,755
Married or living common-law	45,265	22,525	22,740
Married	37,250	18,555	18,700
Living common-law	8,015	3,975	4,045
Living common law - Never married	6,050	3,020	3,035
Living common law - Separated	230	135	100
Living common law - Divorced	1,560	750	810
Living common law - Widowed	175	70	100
Not married and not living common-law	36,080	17,065	19,015
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,895	12,970	10,930
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,845	805	1,040
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,095	2,410	3,680
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,245	875	3,365
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,385	...	...
2 persons	14,315	...	...
3 persons	5,100	...	...
4 persons	4,520	...	...
5 or more persons	2,450	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,380	...	...
Total couple families	22,080	...	...
Married couples	18,075	...	...
With children⁶	8,950	...	...
Without children	9,120	...	...
Common-law couples	4,005	...	...
With children⁶	1,355	...	...
Without children	2,650	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,300	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,320	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	980	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	96,270	47,465	48,805
Total - Persons in census families	75,460	37,220	38,240
Married spouses or common-law partners	44,160	22,020	22,140
Parents in one-parent families	4,300	975	3,320
Children⁶	27,005	14,225	12,775
In a two-parent family	20,200	10,535	9,665
In a one-parent family	6,800	3,690	3,110
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,810	10,245	10,565
Living alone	11,530	5,180	6,355
Living with other relatives⁷	2,460	1,150	1,305
Living with non-relatives only	6,820	3,915	2,905
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,225	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,335	...	...
Couple-family households	20,025	...	...
With children⁶	9,385	...	...
Without children	10,640	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,315	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	755	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,500	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,910	...	...
One-person households	11,530	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,220	38,725	40,495
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,050	37,125	38,925
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,090	37,145	38,945
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,700	34,155	34,545
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,800	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,785	28,550	27,235
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,755	32,420	35,330
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,450	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,415	3,595	3,820
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,020	9,655	11,365
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,220	38,730	40,490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,055	37,065	38,990
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,600	44,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,090	37,080	39,015
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,400	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,875	34,140	34,730
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,900	38,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,780	28,390	27,390
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	56,300	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,600	32,240	35,360
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,670	9,390	11,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,425	3,570	3,850
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,395	7,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,840	9,490	11,350
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,490	8,310	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,220	38,735	40,490
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,965	14,825	11,140
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,100	78,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,030	10,465	12,565
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,200	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	35,080	24,500
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.0	86.6	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	71.2	60.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.1	13.5	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.9	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,220	38,730	40,490
Without total income	3,175	1,605	1,570
With total income	76,045	37,130	38,920
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,270	2,270	3,000
$10,000 to $19,999	7,525	2,830	4,700
$20,000 to $29,999	13,345	5,775	7,570
$30,000 to $39,999	10,210	4,365	5,845
$40,000 to $49,999	8,755	3,985	4,775
$50,000 to $59,999	7,265	3,615	3,650
$60,000 to $69,999	5,790	3,100	2,690
$70,000 to $79,999	4,540	2,635	1,910
$80,000 to $89,999	3,240	1,940	1,305
$90,000 to $99,999	2,660	1,580	1,080
$100,000 and over	7,445	5,035	2,405
$100,000 to $149,999	5,430	3,520	1,910
$150,000 and over	2,015	1,515	500
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,220	38,730	40,490
Without after-tax income	3,130	1,580	1,550
With after-tax income	76,090	37,145	38,945
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,545	2,355	3,190
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	2,955	4,885
$20,000 to $29,999	14,930	6,515	8,415
$30,000 to $39,999	11,980	5,265	6,715
$40,000 to $49,999	10,225	4,965	5,260
$50,000 to $59,999	7,800	4,130	3,665
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745	3,245	2,500
$70,000 to $79,999	3,755	2,270	1,485
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,710	1,220
$90,000 to $99,999	1,720	1,100	620
$100,000 and over	3,620	2,630	995
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	1,440	580
$125,000 and over	1,605	1,190	410
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,220	38,730	40,490
Without employment income	23,440	10,180	13,260
With employment income	55,780	28,550	27,235
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,400	2,910	3,490
$5,000 to $9,999	4,420	1,850	2,570
$10,000 to $19,999	6,960	3,035	3,925
$20,000 to $29,999	5,745	2,475	3,270
$30,000 to $39,999	5,335	2,455	2,885
$40,000 to $49,999	5,260	2,625	2,640
$50,000 to $59,999	4,640	2,420	2,220
$60,000 to $69,999	3,890	2,195	1,695
$70,000 to $79,999	3,160	1,920	1,240
$80,000 to $89,999	2,330	1,440	890
$90,000 to $99,999	2,085	1,255	825
$100,000 and over	5,555	3,970	1,585
$100,000 to $124,999	3,120	2,030	1,090
$125,000 and over	2,435	1,940	495
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,220	38,725	40,495
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,755	36,465	38,295
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,790	36,470	38,320
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,205	33,905	34,305
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,400	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,320	28,750	27,565
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,395	31,435	33,960
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,300	1,050	5,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,125	2,575	2,560
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,080	6,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,220	38,730	40,490
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,865	36,490	38,380
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,500	60,250	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,890	36,490	38,400
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,680	49,920	37,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,470	33,940	34,525
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,850	39,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,405	28,670	27,735
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,080	55,900	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,705	31,580	34,125
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	6,385	8,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,335	2,745	2,595
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,470	6,510	8,480
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,220	38,735	40,490
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,800	14,715	11,085
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	66,500	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	73,600	59,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,005	10,015	11,985
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	28,400	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	41,280	29,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	70.4	72.8	67.0
Government transfers (%)	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,225	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,530	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,695	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,225	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,535	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,690	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,225	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	460	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,590	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,670	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,245	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,435	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,605	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,665	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,000	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,430	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,695	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,610	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,080	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,975	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,225	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	200	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	370	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	495	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,650	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,920	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,885	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,660	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,525	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,655	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,390	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,025	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,175	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,180	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,455	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,110	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,365	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,025	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,350	9,090	9,260
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,800	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,435	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,105	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,440	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,940	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,390	9,015	9,370
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,640	47,360	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,760	40,560	38,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	96,270	47,470	48,800
0 to 17 years	20,320	10,400	9,920
0 to 5 years	6,440	3,240	3,200
18 to 64 years	59,720	29,590	30,130
65 years and over	16,230	7,475	8,755
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,470	4,345	5,130
0 to 17 years	2,430	1,260	1,170
0 to 5 years	850	445	405
18 to 64 years	5,420	2,505	2,910
65 years and over	1,625	580	1,045
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.2	10.5
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.1	11.8
0 to 5 years (%)	13.2	13.9	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.5	9.7
65 years and over (%)	10.0	7.7	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	96,270	47,465	48,805
0 to 17 years	20,320	10,400	9,920
0 to 5 years	6,445	3,240	3,205
18 to 64 years	59,720	29,595	30,130
65 years and over	16,230	7,480	8,755
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,800	1,925	1,880
0 to 17 years	710	375	340
0 to 5 years	235	130	105
18 to 64 years	2,880	1,455	1,430
65 years and over	210	95	110
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.0	4.1	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	96,270	47,470	48,805
In bottom half of the distribution	50,520	24,350	26,165
In bottom decile	9,165	4,475	4,690
In second decile	10,825	4,940	5,880
In third decile	10,230	4,930	5,300
In fourth decile	10,170	5,005	5,170
In fifth decile	10,120	4,995	5,130
In top half of the distribution	45,750	23,115	22,640
In sixth decile	9,830	4,885	4,945
In seventh decile	9,670	4,865	4,810
In eighth decile	9,595	4,845	4,755
In ninth decile	9,105	4,685	4,425
In top decile	7,545	3,840	3,705
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	96,270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	97,080	47,710	49,365
English only	91,175	44,985	46,190
French only	45	30	15
English and French	5,020	2,325	2,690
Neither English nor French	845	375	475
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	97,080	47,710	49,365
English	95,245	46,835	48,410
French	790	410	380
English and French	225	110	115
Neither English nor French	820	355	460
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	97,080	47,710	49,365
Single responses	94,910	46,680	48,235
Official languages	82,280	40,585	41,690
English	81,480	40,180	41,300
French	800	410	390
Non-official languages	12,630	6,090	6,540
Indigenous languages³⁹	275	120	160
Algonquian languages	265	115	145
Blackfoot	240	105	130
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	10	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,355	5,970	6,385
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,015	530	485
Berber languages	15	5	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	85	50	35
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	25	10	10
Somali	55	35	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	915	475	440
Amharic	95	55	40
Arabic	690	350	340
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	5
Maltese	5	5	0
Tigrigna	120	70	55
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	95	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15
Vietnamese	205	85	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,615	735	885
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15
Cebuano	110	40	65
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	30	20	15
Ilocano	45	20	20
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	5	5	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,330	600	730
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15
Creole languages	20	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	155	85	70
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	40	30
Tamil	45	25	20
Telugu	25	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,285	3,540	3,745
Albanian	55	30	30
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,000	425	570
Baltic languages	20	10	10
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	5
Slavic languages	975	410	560
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	30	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	300	115	185
Russian	160	75	80
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	195	90	100
Bosnian	40	15	20
Croatian	125	60	60
Serbian	25	15	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15
Ukrainian	235	85	150
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,830	865	965
Frisian	10	5	5
High German languages	930	435	490
German	915	430	485
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	830	390	435
Afrikaans	60	25	25
Dutch	645	305	340
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	100	45	55
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5
Scandinavian languages	60	25	30
Danish	35	20	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	15	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	15
Indo-Iranian languages	2,385	1,205	1,170
Indo-Aryan languages	2,070	1,055	1,020
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	140	65	70
Gujarati	245	135	115
Hindi	120	70	55
Kacchi	15	5	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	0	5
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	990	495	500
Oriya languages	5	0	5
Odia	5	0	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	335	170	160
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	5	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25
Urdu	150	75	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	305	155	155
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	60	35	30
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	30	15	15
Persian languages	210	105	105
Dari	75	40	40
Iranian Persian	100	50	45
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	15	25
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,985	990	990
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	205	100	100
Portuguese	90	45	50
Romanian	90	50	45
Spanish	1,595	795	800
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	215	85	130
Korean	185	85	100
Mongolian	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages	405	205	205
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	5	0	0
Igbo	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	10
Lingala	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	5	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	5	15
Shona	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	155	70	90
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	25	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	130	75	55
Dinka	75	45	35
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	25
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	765	365	395
Chinese languages	715	335	385
Hakka	5	5	5
Mandarin	315	150	165
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	375	170	200
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	30	15
Burmese	10	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	30	20	10
S'gaw Karen	30	20	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	35
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	40	10	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	240	120	120
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	20	5	10
Hungarian	210	105	105
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Multiple responses	2,170	1,035	1,130
English and French	285	125	155
English and non-official language(s)	1,655	800	850
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
Multiple non-official languages	145	60	80
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	97,080	47,710	49,365
English	83,910	41,315	42,595
French	180	95	85
Non-official language	3,200	1,600	1,595
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	25
Non-Indigenous	3,150	1,580	1,575
English and French	735	345	390
English and non-official language(s)	8,560	4,105	4,450
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	250	130	125
Multiple non-official languages	230	115	115
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	97,080	47,710	49,365
Single responses	95,080	46,730	48,345
Official languages	88,690	43,565	45,130
English	88,445	43,440	45,005
French	245	125	125
Non-official languages	6,385	3,170	3,220
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	45
Algonquian languages	75	40	40
Blackfoot	75	35	40
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,300	3,125	3,175
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	335	325
Berber languages	10	5	10
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	50	30	20
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	5
Somali	40	20	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	605	310	300
Amharic	55	35	20
Arabic	470	230	235
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	75	35	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	70	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10
Vietnamese	155	65	90
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,075	535	540
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Cebuano	85	40	45
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5
Ilocano	30	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	905	450	450
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	105	60	50
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	50	25	20
Tamil	25	15	15
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,290	1,635	1,650
Albanian	30	20	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	315	155	165
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	310	145	160
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	85	35	45
Russian	80	50	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	40	20	20
Serbian	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	60	30	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	160	70	90
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	80	30	50
German	75	25	50
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	40
Afrikaans	25	10	10
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	855	840
Indo-Aryan languages	1,520	775	745
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	90	45	45
Gujarati	160	85	75
Hindi	75	40	40
Kacchi	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	785	390	400
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	130	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15
Urdu	100	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	175	85	95
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	25	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	105	50	55
Dari	25	10	15
Iranian Persian	60	25	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,080	540	545
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	5	15
Portuguese	50	25	25
Romanian	45	25	20
Spanish	960	480	475
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	30	50
Korean	140	70	65
Mongolian	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	185	100	85
Akan (Twi)	20	10	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	10	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	80	40	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	35	20	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	25
Dinka	25	15	15
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	15	15
American Sign Language	25	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	445	220	225
Chinese languages	415	200	215
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	195	100	100
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	215	100	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	20	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	25	15	10
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	20	5	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,000	980	1,020
English and French	105	55	55
English and non-official language(s)	1,830	900	925
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	97,080	47,715	49,365
None	89,015	43,850	45,160
English	2,705	1,320	1,385
French	630	300	330
Non-official language	3,885	1,800	2,080
Indigenous³⁹	310	140	175
Non-Indigenous	3,570	1,665	1,910
English and French	30	20	15
English and non-official language(s)	310	155	160
French and non-official language(s)	130	70	60
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	370	205	170
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	96,270	47,465	48,800
Official languages	95,530	47,150	48,385
English	95,475	47,110	48,365
French	5,055	2,365	2,695
Non-official languages	17,905	8,770	9,140
Indigenous languages³⁹	785	340	445
Algonquian languages	770	335	440
Blackfoot	715	305	415
Cree-Innu languages	60	30	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	60	30	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	30	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	10	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,150	8,435	8,715
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,365	730	640
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	0	10
Hausa	20	0	10
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	170	105	60
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	90	50	30
Somali	55	35	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,235	655	580
Amharic	210	115	95
Arabic	940	490	450
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	10	25
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	115	70	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	135	165
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	30
Vietnamese	260	125	135
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	2,185	995	1,195
Bikol	20	15	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	50	55
Cebuano	130	50	80
Fijian	10	0	0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10
Ilocano	115	50	65
Indonesian	40	20	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	15	10	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	895	1,080
Waray-Waray	10	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	90	95
Creole languages	95	65	30
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	45	25	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	25	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	205	95	110
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	75	40	30
Tamil	95	50	45
Telugu	15	15	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10,165	5,040	5,125
Albanian	60	35	30
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,210	610	595
Baltic languages	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0
Slavic languages	1,205	605	595
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Czech	40	25	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	380	180	205
Russian	380	215	165
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	220	115	100
Bosnian	30	15	20
Croatian	155	85	70
Serbian	75	40	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	35	10	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	25	25
Ukrainian	250	115	135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	35	10	30
Irish	15	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	15
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,695	1,345	1,350
Frisian	20	0	15
High German languages	1,495	805	680
German	1,475	805	670
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,160	525	630
Afrikaans	165	70	100
Dutch	780	360	425
Low German, n.o.s.	40	15	25
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	165	85	80
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	0	10
Scandinavian languages	115	55	60
Danish	75	40	35
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	0	20
Swedish	30	10	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	90	45	40
Indo-Iranian languages	2,775	1,420	1,360
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,245	1,210
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	210	80	125
Gujarati	390	205	185
Hindi	845	415	435
Kacchi	35	10	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	15	0	10
Marathi	15	10	0
Nepali	955	500	455
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	220	240
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	40	40
Urdu	290	155	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Iranian languages	345	180	160
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	50	30	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	55	30	25
Persian languages	255	130	125
Dari	105	45	55
Iranian Persian	115	65	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,595	1,765	1,835
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	310	165	145
Portuguese	160	85	80
Romanian	170	90	80
Spanish	3,055	1,470	1,585
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	520	270	250
Korean	170	90	80
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	960	475	485
Akan (Twi)	185	115	70
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	30	10	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	30	15	10
Igbo	20	15	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0
Lingala	40	10	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	45	25	20
Shona	10	0	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	350	160	190
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	265	100	165
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	45	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	195	110	85
Dinka	120	65	50
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Sign languages	175	80	100
American Sign Language	175	80	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	970	460	510
Chinese languages	915	420	495
Hakka	10	0	10
Mandarin	505	235	270
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	240	275
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	25	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	55	35	15
Burmese	25	15	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	15	0
S'gaw Karen	15	10	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	15	55
Lao	20	10	0
Thai	70	15	55
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	30	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	25	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	310	130	180
Estonian	10	0	10
Finnish	35	25	0
Hungarian	265	100	165
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,275	47,465	48,805
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,395	3,115	3,280
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,190	3,015	3,175
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,045	1,970	2,075
Métis	2,110	1,030	1,080
Inuk (Inuit)	40	15	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	35	50
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	60	50
Non-Indigenous identity	89,875	44,350	45,525
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	96,275	47,465	48,805
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,610	1,755	1,855
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	92,660	45,710	46,945
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,225	...	...
Owner	27,440	...	...
Renter	12,785	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,225	...	...
Condominium	4,575	...	...
Not condominium	35,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,225	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...
1 bedroom	3,175	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,210	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,225	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,915	...	...
5 rooms	5,885	...	...
6 rooms	5,735	...	...
7 rooms	5,755	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,930	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,225	...	...
One person or fewer per room	39,725	...	...
More than one person per room	500	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,225	...	...
Suitable	38,980	...	...
Not suitable	1,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,225	...	...
1960 or before	7,225	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,780	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,035	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,845	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,440	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,560	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,185	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,225	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,275	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,950	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,225	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,825	...	...
Two-maintainer household	18,130	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,270	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,225	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,410	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,780	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,180	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,225	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,060	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,010	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,445	...	...
85 years and over	1,110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,070	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,845	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,225	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,225	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,645	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,525	...	...
Not suitable only	1,015	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,355	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	525	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,580	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,455	...	...
In core need	3,765	...	...
Not in core need	35,685	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,425	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,394	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	314,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	338,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,785	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,175	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	96,270	47,465	48,805
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,490	1,695	1,795
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,475	1,695	1,785
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,085	1,490	1,600
Métis single ancestry	370	195	180
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,415	1,705	1,705
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,275	1,630	1,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,960	960	1,000
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,290	660	630
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	75	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	70	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	89,365	44,060	45,305
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	96,270	47,470	48,805
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,560	44,230	45,335
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,400	9,970	9,425
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	70,165	34,255	35,905
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,710	3,235	3,470
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	96,270	47,470	48,805
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	80,370	39,660	40,715
Immigrants⁸¹	14,485	7,090	7,395
Before 1980	3,145	1,470	1,675
1980 to 1990	1,190	605	585
1991 to 2000	1,105	535	565
2001 to 2010	3,115	1,560	1,550
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,940	2,910	3,025
2011 to 2015	2,780	1,405	1,375
2016 to 2021	3,155	1,510	1,650
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,415	725	690
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,490	7,090	7,395
Under 5 years	1,380	665	710
5 to 14 years	3,070	1,590	1,480
15 to 24 years	2,840	1,350	1,490
25 to 44 years	6,155	2,955	3,200
45 years and over	1,045	525	515
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,490	7,090	7,395
Americas	2,830	1,340	1,495
Brazil	50	15	30
Colombia	215	100	115
El Salvador	550	280	275
Guyana	25	25	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	75	55
Mexico	375	205	170
Peru	10	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	940	395	545
Other places of birth in Americas	510	220	290
Europe	4,210	2,075	2,140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	40	30
Croatia	100	50	50
France	45	15	25
Germany	530	265	265
Greece	40	25	20
Hungary	90	40	45
Italy	95	40	60
Netherlands	635	300	335
Poland	250	110	140
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	110	60	50
Russian Federation	80	50	35
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15
Ukraine	100	55	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,540	770	770
Other places of birth in Europe	500	250	245
Africa	1,840	970	870
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	30	45
Egypt	10	10	0
Eritrea	90	50	35
Ethiopia	190	120	75
Morocco	10	0	0
Nigeria	260	135	125
Somalia	40	20	20
South Africa, Republic of	195	95	100
Other places of birth in Africa	965	505	465
Asia	5,455	2,615	2,840
Afghanistan	95	40	55
Iran⁸⁸	90	50	35
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	35	35	0
Syria⁸⁹	305	160	140
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	400	170	230
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	20	35
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	30
Taiwan	45	20	20
Philippines	1,810	805	1,000
Viet Nam	215	100	120
Bangladesh	80	35	40
India	625	325	305
Pakistan	175	95	80
Sri Lanka	90	45	40
Other places of birth in Asia	1,365	670	695
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	95	55
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,155	1,510	1,650
Americas	590	270	320
Brazil	25	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	80	40	40
Mexico	125	60	60
United States of America	130	50	75
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	225	105	115
Europe	290	170	120
France	0	0	0
Germany	20	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	15
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	90	35
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	50
Africa	675	325	345
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	25	0	20
Cameroon	15	10	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	0	20
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	30	15	15
Ethiopia	80	55	30
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	145	75	75
Somalia	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0
Sudan⁹⁷	40	15	25
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	270	130	140
Asia	1,580	720	865
Afghanistan	10	0	10
Bangladesh	15	10	10
China⁹⁰	40	10	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	210	110	100
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Lebanon	10	10	0
Nepal	85	45	40
Pakistan	75	30	50
Philippines	730	325	400
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	20	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	245	120	125
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	20	0	20
Other places of birth in Asia	65	30	40
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0
Australia	15	15	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	96,275	47,465	48,805
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,945	8,375	8,565
Second generation¹⁰¹	17,115	8,210	8,905
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,215	30,885	31,335
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,345	5,615	5,725
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,700	2,920	2,780
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,190	1,460	730
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,510	1,460	2,045
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,520	1,050	1,465
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,025	1,605	1,415
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	35	65
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,345	5,615	5,725
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	140	165
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,090	1,140	950
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	480	260	220
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	645	315	325
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	15	70
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,745	3,745	4,000
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	96,275	47,465	48,805
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,625	7,815	7,810
South Asian	2,990	1,585	1,405
Chinese	1,430	670	760
Black	3,105	1,630	1,470
Filipino	2,320	1,075	1,245
Arab	435	220	225
Latin American	1,955	925	1,035
Southeast Asian	785	355	430
West Asian	305	150	155
Korean	175	90	85
Japanese	1,460	780	685
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	110	95
Multiple visible minorities	460	230	225
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,640	39,650	40,995
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	96,270	47,470	48,800
Canadian	12,870	6,505	6,370
English	22,070	10,545	11,525
Irish	13,140	6,155	6,990
Scottish	16,665	7,965	8,690
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,000	3,385	3,615
German	18,495	9,040	9,460
Chinese	1,500	740	760
Italian	3,185	1,640	1,540
Indian (India)	1,135	575	560
Ukrainian	6,465	2,960	3,505
Dutch	7,045	3,385	3,660
Polish	3,600	1,715	1,880
Québécois	100	50	45
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,345	1,645	1,700
Filipino	2,310	1,100	1,215
French Canadian	515	245	270
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,800	870	930
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,910	965	950
Métis	1,805	925	875
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,155	1,105	1,050
Russian	2,625	1,210	1,415
Norwegian	4,540	2,085	2,455
Welsh	2,200	1,050	1,145
Portuguese	260	135	125
American	2,260	1,100	1,160
Spanish	750	340	410
Swedish	2,635	1,240	1,390
Hungarian	3,030	1,385	1,650
Acadian	215	100	115
Pakistani	155	80	80
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	470	190	285
Jewish	185	90	95
Punjabi	60	30	30
Vietnamese	360	185	170
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	140	130
Greek	320	170	155
Jamaican	245	140	110
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	375	145	230
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	725	360	360
Korean	185	95	90
Romanian	830	370	465
Lebanese	110	60	50
Iranian	100	55	50
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	110	85
Danish	2,260	1,070	1,190
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	290	300
Sikh	100	50	50
Austrian	865	455	415
Belgian	520	225	295
Haitian	10	10	0
Hindu	300	160	135
Mexican	730	385	345
Mennonite	800	395	405
Swiss	740	355	380
Finnish	550	285	270
Sri Lankan	150	70	75
Croatian	460	230	235
Japanese	1,735	910	830
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	55	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	40
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	840	430	410
Muslim	215	125	95
Egyptian	50	10	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	560	235	330
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	695	305	390
Colombian	170	75	90
Moroccan	40	15	25
Czech	925	475	450
Syrian	185	95	85
Guyanese	25	15	0
Afghan	105	40	60
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	50
Serbian	85	50	40
Ojibway	85	30	55
Newfoundlander	75	30	45
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	30	0	25
Persian	45	20	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	30	10
Turkish	55	25	30
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	30
Bangladeshi	165	85	80
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	35	35
Nigerian	260	145	110
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	510	235	275
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	65	85
Somali	70	40	30
Taiwanese	30	0	25
Iraqi	10	0	0
Salvadorean	385	195	185
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	25	55
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	20
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0
Algonquin	20	0	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10
Lithuanian	165	105	60
South African	250	130	120
Australian	245	95	150
Palestinian	40	25	15
Chilean	45	20	25
Congolese	85	35	50
Nova Scotian	35	20	15
Ethiopian	260	165	100
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	190	80	110
Peruvian	25	15	10
Yoruba	185	90	95
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	15	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	45	30	20
Maltese	55	30	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	180	90	85
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	70	75
New Brunswicker	15	10	10
Gujarati	55	25	25
Eritrean	160	75	80
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	30	0	30
Mohawk	55	20	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	210	340
Bulgarian	35	10	20
Albertan	555	300	260
Ghanaian	135	75	65
Barbadian	30	20	10
African American	65	35	25
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	105	70
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	45	25
Cuban	65	10	50
Bosnian	40	15	25
Venezuelan	20	10	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	60	40	20
Bengali	35	0	30
Cameroonian	25	0	25
Guatemalan	55	20	30
Indonesian	30	10	15
Laotian	45	15	30
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	25	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	15	35
British Columbian	35	20	20
Ecuadorian	25	15	15
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	15	15	0
Estonian	40	15	25
Kurdish	30	20	0
Fijian	25	20	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	110	55	55
Dominican	10	0	0
Nepali	520	265	260
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	65	35	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	20	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,125	565	555
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	50	35	20
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	110	65	45
Sudanese	285	135	150
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	25
Malaysian	20	10	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	60	30	25
Buddhist	65	55	15
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	15	15	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	20	15
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	50	20	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	20	20
Burundian	70	30	40
Tigrinya	20	15	10
Nicaraguan	65	25	45
Mauritian	35	30	10
Kenyan	200	90	105
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	20	10	15
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	10	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	35	20	15
Mayan	75	45	35
Honduran	105	50	55
Cherokee	30	20	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	55	25	25
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	25	10	15
Goan	30	15	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15
Burmese	35	20	10
Mongolian	10	10	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	35	15	25
Oromo	40	25	15
Tanzanian	15	0	15
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	15	0	15
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	40	25	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	35	30	0
Costa Rican	10	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	20	0	20
Karen	45	30	10
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	96,270	47,465	48,805
Buddhist	1,035	505	530
Christian	47,995	22,295	25,700
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,890	5,210	5,685
Anabaptist	320	190	130
Anglican	2,420	1,095	1,325
Baptist	965	430	535
Catholic	15,485	7,225	8,260
Christian Orthodox	540	265	270
Jehovah's Witness	485	225	260
Latter Day Saints	5,565	2,605	2,960
Lutheran	2,040	970	1,065
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	65	55
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	885	400	485
Presbyterian	525	235	290
Reformed	710	375	335
United Church	4,400	1,795	2,600
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,650	1,215	1,440
Hindu	1,240	655	585
Jewish	125	55	70
Muslim	1,810	950	860
Sikh	325	170	155
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	380	175	200
Other religions and spiritual traditions	720	295	430
No religion and secular perspectives	42,645	22,365	20,280
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	95,180	46,965	48,215
Non-movers	79,510	39,240	40,270
Movers	15,670	7,725	7,940
Non-migrants	10,530	5,265	5,270
Migrants	5,140	2,465	2,670
Internal migrants	4,645	2,230	2,420
Intraprovincial migrants	3,530	1,655	1,875
Interprovincial migrants	1,115	580	540
External migrants	490	240	255
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,990	44,740	46,250
Non-movers	50,100	24,580	25,520
Movers	40,890	20,160	20,730
Non-migrants	21,525	10,810	10,715
Migrants	19,370	9,350	10,015
Internal migrants	16,340	8,005	8,340
Intraprovincial migrants	12,375	6,025	6,350
Interprovincial migrants	3,965	1,980	1,985
External migrants	3,025	1,345	1,680
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,220	38,735	40,490
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,360	7,080	6,280
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,860	31,650	34,210
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,725	24,680	25,040
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,795	3,200	2,595
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,925	21,485	22,445
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,220	38,730	40,490
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,655	6,120	5,535
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,330	12,705	12,625
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,235	19,905	22,335
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,545	12,045	12,500
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,405	4,885	1,520
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,935	1,025	910
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,465	3,860	610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,570	6,520	10,050
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,575	640	925
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,690	7,860	9,830
Bachelor's degree	12,265	5,075	7,190
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	740	345	395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	345	165
Master's degree	3,195	1,455	1,740
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	985	645	335
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	49,720	24,680	25,045
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,855	2,725	2,130
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,110	7,630	6,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,755	14,320	16,430
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,075	8,420	8,655
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,400	3,410	995
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,235	690	545
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,165	2,725	445
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,610	4,555	7,055
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,060	455	605
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,675	5,895	7,775
Bachelor's degree	9,585	3,920	5,660
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	505	230	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415	265	150
Master's degree	2,440	1,040	1,400
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	725	440	285
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,220	38,730	40,485
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,985	18,830	18,160
Education	3,550	1,030	2,525
13. Education	3,550	1,030	2,525
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,490	695	795
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	105	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,385	590	795
Humanities	1,915	895	1,015
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	40	75
23. English language and literature/letters	370	125	240
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	280	365
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	170	90
54. History	315	170	145
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,285	1,510	2,775
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	25	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485	225	260
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	990	95	890
22. Legal professions and studies	500	180	320
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	30	45
42. Psychology	950	295	655
45. Social sciences	1,225	660	570
Business, management and public administration	7,775	2,945	4,830
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	155	515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,095	2,790	4,305
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,720	865	860
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935	430	505
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	155	180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	10
40. Physical sciences	315	230	85
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	35	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	790	385
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	880	630	255
25. Library science	130	40	90
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	125	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,610	7,095	520
04. Architecture and related services	165	105	55
14. Engineering	735	650	90
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,800	1,585	215
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,090	2,040	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,885	1,835	50
48. Precision production	940	875	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,525	1,010	520
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,060	740	320
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	270	200
Health and related fields	8,490	1,700	6,790
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	655	320	335
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,725	1,305	6,420
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	70	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,675	1,370	1,305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,545	480	1,060
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	810	575	235
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	295	10
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	49,720	24,675	25,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,965	10,360	8,610
Education	2,320	630	1,690
13. Education	2,320	630	1,690
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,055	475	575
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	45	0
50. Visual and performing arts	1,005	430	575
Humanities	1,315	640	675
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	20	55
23. English language and literature/letters	245	100	145
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	410	180	230
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	85	50
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	65
54. History	235	130	100
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,265	1,045	2,220
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	390	160	230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	70	705
22. Legal professions and studies	370	115	255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	10	35
42. Psychology	725	205	520
45. Social sciences	915	470	445
Business, management and public administration	5,800	2,235	3,565
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	85	410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,290	2,145	3,140
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,335	665	675
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	765	360	405
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	105	150
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	0
40. Physical sciences	230	170	65
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	905	625	280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	715	515	200
25. Library science	70	30	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	80	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,375	4,915	455
04. Architecture and related services	110	60	50
14. Engineering	540	460	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,330	1,125	205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,455	1,420	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,310	1,270	45
48. Precision production	630	585	45
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	680	435
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	735	475	265
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	205	170
Health and related fields	6,295	1,400	4,895
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	265	260
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,690	1,080	4,605
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	50	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,005	960
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,120	345	775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	610	435	170
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	220	10
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	49,720	24,675	25,040
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,965	10,360	8,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,750	14,325	16,430
Location of study inside Canada	26,325	12,245	14,080
Same as province or territory of residence	22,085	10,310	11,775
Different than province or territory of residence	4,245	1,935	2,315
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,425	2,080	2,350
Americas	1,565	720	850
United States of America	1,050	480	570
Mexico	160	85	80
Cuba	20	0	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	10	10
Brazil	25	15	20
Colombia	80	45	35
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Americas	190	85	100
Europe	730	365	365
Belgium	10	10	0
France	20	10	0
Germany	50	30	20
Netherlands	55	25	25
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	0	10
Poland	30	10	20
Romania	30	20	15
Russian Federation	40	20	15
Ukraine	55	35	25
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315	150	170
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10
Italy	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	15
Africa	295	175	120
Nigeria	55	30	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30
Other locations of study in Africa	155	95	60
Asia	1,715	760	955
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	105	45	55
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0
Japan	50	10	40
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	35
Philippines	800	325	480
Viet Nam	25	10	15
Bangladesh	50	30	20
Sri Lanka	30	10	20
India	365	190	170
Pakistan	50	25	25
Other locations of study in Asia	125	60	70
Oceania	115	60	55
Australia	80	30	50
New Zealand	40	30	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,220	38,730	40,490
In the labour force	51,775	26,900	24,875
Employed	46,895	24,370	22,525
Unemployed	4,880	2,535	2,345
Not in the labour force	27,445	11,830	15,620
Participation rate	65.4	69.5	61.4
Employment rate	59.2	62.9	55.6
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.4	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,220	38,730	40,485
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,025	12,135	15,890
Worked	51,195	26,595	24,600
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,670	15,355	11,320
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,525	11,245	13,280
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,775	26,905	24,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300
Employee	44,655	22,790	21,870
Permanent position	37,360	19,485	17,885
Temporary position	7,290	3,305	3,985
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,050	875	1,175
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,245	2,430	2,810
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,955	3,525	2,430
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,775	26,905	24,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	320	240	80
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,300	2,210	5,095
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,515	2,000	520
3 Health occupations	5,470	1,165	4,310
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,930	2,510	4,425
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,140	445	700
6 Sales and service occupations	13,460	5,985	7,470
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,295	8,510	780
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,490	1,235	255
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,685	2,020	665
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,775	26,905	24,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	595	570
All industries¹⁹¹	50,610	26,310	24,300
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,105	790	315
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	685	605	80
22 Utilities	290	265	30
23 Construction	4,045	3,530	515
31-33 Manufacturing	4,230	3,205	1,020
41 Wholesale trade	1,460	1,075	375
44-45 Retail trade	6,520	3,100	3,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,075	1,665	410
51 Information and cultural industries	620	390	230
52 Finance and insurance	1,545	560	980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	735	400	330
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,510	1,395	1,110
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	35
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,795	1,050	745
61 Educational services	4,820	1,790	3,030
62 Health care and social assistance	8,650	1,780	6,865
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	865	405	460
72 Accommodation and food services	3,695	1,640	2,050
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,415	1,100	1,320
91 Public administration	2,495	1,530	965
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,345	28,535	26,805
English	54,040	27,965	26,080
French	75	10	65
Non-official language	100	40	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	100	40	60
English and French	315	135	180
English and non-official language(s)	765	365	405
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,345	28,535	26,805
Single responses	55,170	28,440	26,730
Official languages	54,980	28,365	26,620
English	54,825	28,340	26,485
French	155	20	130
Non-official languages	190	80	115
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	80	115
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	0	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	15
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	10	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	35	50
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	15	10	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	10	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	45	10	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	20
Chinese languages	50	30	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	170	95	75
English and French	25	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,345	28,535	26,805
None	54,380	28,105	26,275
English	160	50	120
French	205	100	100
Non-official language	520	260	255
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	35
Non-Indigenous	435	215	215
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	50	15	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,895	24,370	22,525
Worked at home	6,070	2,755	3,310
Worked outside Canada	110	105	0
No fixed workplace address	6,690	4,790	1,900
Usual place of work	34,025	16,715	17,310
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,020	16,710	17,310
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	29,255	13,765	15,495
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,350	2,070	1,280
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,200	715	485
Commute to a different province or territory	220	170	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,715	21,505	19,210
Car, truck or van	37,285	19,850	17,435
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,845	18,720	16,130
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,445	1,130	1,310
Public transit	930	345	580
Walked	1,465	700	770
Bicycle	390	265	130
Other method	640	350	290
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,715	21,505	19,210
Less than 15 minutes	21,350	10,435	10,920
15 to 29 minutes	14,445	8,030	6,415
30 to 44 minutes	2,705	1,630	1,075
45 to 59 minutes	935	520	420
60 minutes and over	1,275	890	380
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,715	21,505	19,210
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325	1,670	660
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,760	4,550	2,210
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,500	6,125	5,370
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,560	3,655	4,905
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,740	1,985	2,755
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,820	3,525	3,305
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,665	10,575	10,095
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	945	505	440
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,725	10,070	9,650
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,985	7,720	7,270
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	375	330
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	210	195
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	170	140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,285	7,345	6,935

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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