Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Foothills County, Municipal district (MD)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,199	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	22,616^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,075	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,604.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,200	11,705	11,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,700	1,905	1,790	15.9	16.3	15.6
0 to 4 years	850	440	410	3.7	3.8	3.6
5 to 9 years	1,280	670	610	5.5	5.7	5.3
10 to 14 years	1,565	795	770	6.7	6.8	6.7
15 to 64 years	14,840	7,340	7,505	64.0	62.7	65.3
15 to 19 years	1,480	760	715	6.4	6.5	6.2
20 to 24 years	1,085	565	520	4.7	4.8	4.5
25 to 29 years	775	370	405	3.3	3.2	3.5
30 to 34 years	835	410	425	3.6	3.5	3.7
35 to 39 years	1,245	585	655	5.4	5.0	5.7
40 to 44 years	1,450	690	755	6.3	5.9	6.6
45 to 49 years	1,610	810	800	6.9	6.9	7.0
50 to 54 years	1,860	900	955	8.0	7.7	8.3
55 to 59 years	2,185	1,040	1,145	9.4	8.9	10.0
60 to 64 years	2,315	1,190	1,120	10.0	10.2	9.7
65 years and over	4,660	2,460	2,205	20.1	21.0	19.2
65 to 69 years	1,870	980	895	8.1	8.4	7.8
70 to 74 years	1,355	715	645	5.8	6.1	5.6
75 to 79 years	795	440	360	3.4	3.8	3.1
80 to 84 years	395	195	195	1.7	1.7	1.7
85 years and over	245	130	110	1.1	1.1	1.0
85 to 89 years	175	100	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
90 to 94 years	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
95 to 99 years	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.3	15.6	15.9	16.3	15.6
15 to 64 years	64.0	62.7	65.3	64.0	62.7	65.3
65 years and over	20.1	21.0	19.2	20.1	21.0	19.2
85 years and over	1.1	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
Average age of the population	44.1	44.2	44.0	44.1	44.2	44.0
Median age of the population	48.4	48.4	48.0	48.4	48.4	48.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,970	...	...	94.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	235	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	205	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,285	...	...	15.2	...	...
2 persons	3,715	...	...	44.0	...	...
3 persons	1,235	...	...	14.6	...	...
4 persons	1,320	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	890	...	...	10.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,680	11,450	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,500	9,795	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	13,870	6,955	6,920	71.1	71.0	71.3
Married	12,295	6,165	6,135	63.1	62.9	63.2
Living common-law	1,570	790	780	8.1	8.1	8.0
Living common law - Never married	880	445	440	4.5	4.5	4.5
Living common law - Separated	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	580	300	280	3.0	3.1	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	45	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	5,635	2,845	2,790	28.9	29.0	28.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,915	2,125	1,790	20.1	21.7	18.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	260	150	110	1.3	1.5	1.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	800	400	400	4.1	4.1	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	650	160	490	3.3	1.6	5.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,975	...	...	55.1	...	...
3 persons	1,255	...	...	17.4	...	...
4 persons	1,290	...	...	17.9	...	...
5 or more persons	690	...	...	9.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,765	...	...	93.8	...	...
Married couples	5,985	...	...	83.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,810	...	...	39.0	...	...
Without children	3,175	...	...	44.0	...	...
Common-law couples	790	...	...	11.0	...	...
With children⁶	245	...	...	3.4	...	...
Without children	540	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	445	...	...	6.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	300	...	...	4.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	145	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,680	11,450	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	20,615	10,435	10,180	90.9	91.1	90.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,535	6,765	6,775	59.7	59.1	60.4
Parents in one-parent families	445	145	300	2.0	1.3	2.7
Children⁶	6,640	3,525	3,115	29.3	30.8	27.8
In a two-parent family	5,950	3,145	2,805	26.2	27.5	25.0
In a one-parent family	690	385	305	3.0	3.4	2.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,060	1,015	1,040	9.1	8.9	9.3
Living alone	1,285	655	635	5.7	5.7	5.7
Living with other relatives⁷	340	145	190	1.5	1.3	1.7
Living with non-relatives only	435	220	210	1.9	1.9	1.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,465	...	...	76.5	...	...
Couple-family households	6,140	...	...	72.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,755	...	...	32.6	...	...
Without children	3,385	...	...	40.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	325	...	...	3.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	235	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	230	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	165	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	1,285	...	...	15.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,170	9,165	9,000	95.2	95.6	94.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	64,500	40,800	50,800	64,500	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,190	9,180	9,010	95.3	95.8	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	55,200	36,800	44,800	55,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,170	8,750	8,415	89.9	91.3	88.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	60,000	34,800	45,600	60,000	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,255	6,975	6,285	69.4	72.8	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	51,200	29,600	38,800	51,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,960	7,600	7,365	78.4	79.3	77.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,400	5,720	8,300	7,400	5,720	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,080	520	565	5.7	5.4	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,120	1,920	2,200	21.6	20.0	23.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,165	9,175	8,990	95.2	95.7	94.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	95,600	116,000	74,800	95,600	116,000	74,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,185	9,180	9,010	95.3	95.8	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,800	83,000	58,350	70,800	83,000	58,350
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,195	8,730	8,465	90.1	91.1	89.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,100	114,200	71,300	93,100	114,200	71,300
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,260	7,020	6,240	69.5	73.2	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	79,200	101,900	53,650	79,200	101,900	53,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,820	7,565	7,255	77.6	78.9	76.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,160	8,830	9,510	9,160	8,830	9,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	990	555	435	5.2	5.8	4.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,400	7,400	6,840	6,400	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,145	2,045	2,095	21.7	21.3	22.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,830	8,840	8,830	8,830	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,020	3,580	2,440	31.5	37.4	25.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	98,000	66,500	84,000	98,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	131,000	161,400	86,500	131,000	161,400	86,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,160	2,420	2,740	27.0	25.2	28.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	21,200	16,200	17,800	21,200	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,080	48,480	38,320	43,080	48,480	38,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.2	93.8	89.8	92.2	93.8	89.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.5	67.2	49.8	60.5	67.2	49.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.8	6.3	10.3	7.8	6.3	10.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.3	1.8	3.1	2.3	1.8	3.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.1	1.7	2.8	2.1	1.7	2.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,090	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	915	420	500	4.8	4.4	5.3
With total income	18,170	9,165	9,005	95.2	95.6	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,840	735	1,105	10.1	8.0	12.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,765	690	1,075	9.7	7.5	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	2,135	880	1,255	11.8	9.6	13.9
$30,000 to $39,999	1,710	735	975	9.4	8.0	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,505	685	815	8.3	7.5	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,300	610	695	7.2	6.7	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,090	520	565	6.0	5.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	960	495	465	5.3	5.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	765	420	340	4.2	4.6	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	670	360	315	3.7	3.9	3.5
$100,000 and over	4,420	3,015	1,400	24.3	32.9	15.5
$100,000 to $149,999	2,000	1,240	760	11.0	13.5	8.4
$150,000 and over	2,425	1,780	645	13.3	19.4	7.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,090	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	900	405	490	4.7	4.2	5.2
With after-tax income	18,190	9,180	9,010	95.3	95.7	94.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,015	805	1,210	11.1	8.8	13.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,855	740	1,115	10.2	8.1	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,355	985	1,370	12.9	10.7	15.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,020	870	1,150	11.1	9.5	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,760	825	940	9.7	9.0	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	1,440	700	740	7.9	7.6	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,245	650	595	6.8	7.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	945	520	425	5.2	5.7	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	790	465	325	4.3	5.1	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	605	385	225	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,155	2,245	915	17.3	24.5	10.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	680	380	5.8	7.4	4.2
$125,000 and over	2,095	1,560	530	11.5	17.0	5.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,090	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,830	2,610	3,220	30.5	27.2	33.9
With employment income	13,260	6,975	6,285	69.5	72.7	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,490	1,250	1,240	18.8	17.9	19.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,045	435	605	7.9	6.2	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,405	615	795	10.6	8.8	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	940	435	510	7.1	6.2	8.1
$30,000 to $39,999	830	365	460	6.3	5.2	7.3
$40,000 to $49,999	755	345	410	5.7	4.9	6.5
$50,000 to $59,999	655	295	365	4.9	4.2	5.8
$60,000 to $69,999	645	310	335	4.9	4.4	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	530	275	260	4.0	3.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	470	255	215	3.5	3.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	475	265	210	3.6	3.8	3.3
$100,000 and over	3,015	2,140	875	22.7	30.7	13.9
$100,000 to $124,999	840	525	315	6.3	7.5	5.0
$125,000 and over	2,175	1,620	560	16.4	23.2	8.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,755	8,955	8,800	93.0	93.4	92.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	68,500	41,200	52,400	68,500	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,770	8,960	8,810	93.1	93.5	92.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,400	37,200	46,000	58,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,950	8,645	8,305	88.8	90.2	87.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	65,000	38,000	49,600	65,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,255	6,975	6,285	69.4	72.8	66.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	57,600	33,600	43,200	57,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,975	7,210	6,765	73.2	75.2	71.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,430	1,010	3,240	1,430	1,010	3,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	780	370	410	4.1	3.9	4.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,560	7,150	6,400	5,560	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,700	8,915	8,785	92.7	93.0	92.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	104,000	132,000	75,800	104,000	132,000	75,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,700	8,915	8,790	92.7	93.0	92.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	76,700	93,500	59,750	76,700	93,500	59,750
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,950	8,660	8,295	88.8	90.3	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	103,400	130,800	74,900	103,400	130,800	74,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,310	7,080	6,225	69.7	73.9	65.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,000	115,000	59,400	89,000	115,000	59,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,805	7,140	6,660	72.3	74.5	70.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,375	6,080	6,690	6,375	6,080	6,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	730	400	335	3.8	4.2	3.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,640	9,400	8,440	7,640	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,945	3,560	2,380	31.1	37.1	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	103,000	65,000	84,000	103,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	138,000	172,400	86,400	138,000	172,400	86,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,970	2,370	2,600	26.0	24.7	27.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	30,200	21,400	25,000	30,200	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	57,850	64,600	51,750	57,850	64,600	51,750
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	96.4	93.4	95.2	96.4	93.4
Employment income (%)	64.4	69.2	55.6	64.4	69.2	55.6
Government transfers (%)	4.8	3.7	6.7	4.8	3.7	6.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,285	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	205,600	...	...	205,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	152,400	...	...	152,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,285	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...	73,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	224,800	...	...	224,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	166,400	...	...	166,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	55	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	135	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	120	...	...	1.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	175	...	...	2.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	160	...	...	1.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	375	...	...	4.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	385	...	...	4.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	385	...	...	4.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	375	...	...	4.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,365	...	...	63.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	905	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	760	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,130	...	...	13.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,565	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	165	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	140	...	...	1.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	185	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	2.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	440	...	...	5.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	485	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	465	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	485	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,685	...	...	55.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	815	...	...	9.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,860	...	...	33.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	192,000	...	...	192,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,720	875	845	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	49,200	44,400	47,200	49,200	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	42,400	39,600	41,200	42,400	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	225,400	...	...	225,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,800	...	...	166,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	203,400	...	...	203,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,800	...	...	152,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	265,200	...	...	265,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	191,200	...	...	191,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	400	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	132,500	...	...	132,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...	107,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,715	875	835	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,400	78,400	92,800	85,400	78,400	92,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	64,600	56,600	73,000	64,600	56,600	73,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,535	2,350	2,185	20.0	20.5	19.5
0 to 5 years	1,030	545	485	4.5	4.8	4.3
18 to 64 years	13,550	6,685	6,865	59.8	58.4	61.2
65 years and over	4,590	2,415	2,175	20.2	21.1	19.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,635	815	820	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	370	185	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	950	480	470	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	150	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.2	7.1	7.3	7.2	7.1	7.3
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2	7.8	8.7	8.2	7.8	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	7.8	8.4	8.0	7.8	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	7.2	6.8	7.0	7.2	6.8
65 years and over (%)	6.8	6.3	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,680	11,455	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,535	2,355	2,180	20.0	20.6	19.4
0 to 5 years	1,030	545	485	4.5	4.8	4.3
18 to 64 years	13,550	6,685	6,865	59.7	58.4	61.2
65 years and over	4,590	2,420	2,170	20.2	21.1	19.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	680	365	315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	140	80	65	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	25	15	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	455	240	210	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	40	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	3.2	2.0	2.6	3.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.1	3.3	3.6	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,685	3,325	3,360	29.5	29.0	29.9
In bottom decile	1,520	750	770	6.7	6.5	6.9
In second decile	1,165	580	585	5.1	5.1	5.2
In third decile	1,245	620	620	5.5	5.4	5.5
In fourth decile	1,390	685	705	6.1	6.0	6.3
In fifth decile	1,370	690	680	6.0	6.0	6.1
In top half of the distribution	15,990	8,125	7,865	70.5	70.9	70.1
In sixth decile	1,580	800	780	7.0	7.0	7.0
In seventh decile	2,075	1,050	1,025	9.2	9.2	9.1
In eighth decile	2,305	1,135	1,165	10.2	9.9	10.4
In ninth decile	3,030	1,555	1,475	13.4	13.6	13.1
In top decile	7,005	3,590	3,415	30.9	31.3	30.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,675	...	...	22,675	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.492	...	...	0.492	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.383	...	...	0.383	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,200	11,700	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	21,735	11,035	10,695	93.7	94.3	93.0
French only	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,365	620	740	5.9	5.3	6.4
Neither English nor French	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,200	11,700	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,780	11,485	11,295	98.2	98.2	98.2
French	280	155	125	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,200	11,700	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,900	11,555	11,345	98.7	98.8	98.7
Official languages	20,765	10,500	10,265	89.5	89.7	89.3
English	20,480	10,345	10,135	88.3	88.4	88.1
French	285	160	125	1.2	1.4	1.1
Non-official languages	2,135	1,055	1,080	9.2	9.0	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,130	1,055	1,080	9.2	9.0	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,775	895	875	7.7	7.6	7.6
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	290	145	150	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	290	145	150	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	40	0.4	0.3	0.3
Russian	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,055	535	515	4.5	4.6	4.5
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	770	390	380	3.3	3.3	3.3
German	745	380	365	3.2	3.2	3.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	115	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	135	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	150	75	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	250	135	120	1.1	1.2	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	150	75	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	300	145	155	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and French	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	170	80	95	0.7	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,200	11,700	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,170	10,730	10,435	91.3	91.7	90.7
French	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	550	265	285	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	550	265	285	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	150	75	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,175	550	620	5.1	4.7	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,200	11,700	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,020	11,615	11,405	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	22,035	11,155	10,885	95.0	95.3	94.7
English	21,930	11,095	10,840	94.5	94.8	94.3
French	105	55	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Non-official languages	985	465	525	4.2	4.0	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	980	460	520	4.2	3.9	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	830	390	440	3.6	3.3	3.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	555	260	295	2.4	2.2	2.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	465	215	250	2.0	1.8	2.2
German	460	215	250	2.0	1.8	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	65	40	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	180	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	150	70	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,200	11,705	11,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,950	11,105	10,840	94.6	94.9	94.3
English	395	190	210	1.7	1.6	1.8
French	110	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	595	285	305	2.6	2.4	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	585	285	300	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,680	11,455	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	22,635	11,435	11,200	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	22,600	11,415	11,185	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	1,360	620	745	6.0	5.4	6.6
Non-official languages	2,540	1,275	1,260	11.2	11.1	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,525	1,275	1,250	11.1	11.1	11.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	40	80	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,005	1,025	980	8.8	8.9	8.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	475	235	240	2.1	2.1	2.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	470	235	235	2.1	2.1	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	195	105	90	0.9	0.9	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	25	60	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	60	15	45	0.3	0.1	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	790	400	390	3.5	3.5	3.5
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	465	240	225	2.1	2.1	2.0
German	450	240	215	2.0	2.1	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	330	180	150	1.5	1.6	1.3
Afrikaans	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dutch	210	115	95	0.9	1.0	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	215	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	205	105	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	575	300	275	2.5	2.6	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	70	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Portuguese	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	425	210	215	1.9	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	75	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Chinese languages	125	75	50	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	50	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	795	380	420	3.5	3.3	3.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	745	365	380	3.3	3.2	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	280	105	175	1.2	0.9	1.6
Métis	460	260	200	2.0	2.3	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	21,880	11,070	10,805	96.5	96.6	96.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	75	95	0.7	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,505	11,375	11,130	99.3	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,605	...	...	90.0	...	...
Renter	850	...	...	10.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	330	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not condominium	8,120	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	230	...	...	2.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	935	...	...	11.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,995	...	...	35.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,260	...	...	50.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	635	...	...	7.5	...	...
5 rooms	740	...	...	8.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,005	...	...	11.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,320	...	...	15.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,760	...	...	56.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,370	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,275	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	175	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	690	...	...	8.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,610	...	...	19.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	770	...	...	9.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,920	...	...	22.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,135	...	...	13.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,055	...	...	12.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	760	...	...	9.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	510	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,050	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,430	...	...	40.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,705	...	...	55.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	320	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	425	...	...	5.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,215	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,735	...	...	20.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,390	...	...	28.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,800	...	...	21.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	695	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,245	...	...	80.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,540	...	...	19.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,315	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,450	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,920	...	...	22.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,365	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not suitable only	135	...	...	1.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	240	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,530	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	260	...	...	3.4	...	...
Not in core need	7,300	...	...	96.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.3	...	...	52.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,132	...	...	2,132	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	985,000	...	...	985,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,512	...	...	1,512	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	140	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Métis single ancestry	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	830	400	430	3.7	3.5	3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	795	390	405	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	410	180	225	1.8	1.6	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	200	175	1.7	1.7	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,700	10,975	10,720	95.7	95.8	95.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,675	11,450	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,925	11,110	10,815	96.7	97.0	96.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,405	2,280	2,130	19.4	19.9	19.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,520	8,830	8,685	77.3	77.1	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	755	345	410	3.3	3.0	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,675	11,450	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,725	10,025	9,700	87.0	87.6	86.4
Immigrants⁸¹	2,895	1,385	1,505	12.8	12.1	13.4
Before 1980	945	465	485	4.2	4.1	4.3
1980 to 1990	395	165	230	1.7	1.4	2.0
1991 to 2000	420	220	205	1.9	1.9	1.8
2001 to 2010	615	285	335	2.7	2.5	3.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	520	260	265	2.3	2.3	2.4
2011 to 2015	260	125	135	1.1	1.1	1.2
2016 to 2021	265	135	130	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	55	45	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,900	1,390	1,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	325	135	190	11.2	9.7	12.6
5 to 14 years	595	305	290	20.5	21.9	19.3
15 to 24 years	485	245	240	16.7	17.6	15.9
25 to 44 years	1,225	565	660	42.2	40.6	43.9
45 years and over	270	140	135	9.3	10.1	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,900	1,390	1,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	410	155	255	14.1	11.2	16.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.3
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Mexico	40	25	15	1.4	1.8	1.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
United States of America	250	80	170	8.6	5.8	11.3
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	30	1.4	1.1	2.0
Europe	1,810	930	885	62.4	66.9	58.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.0
France	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.3
Germany	160	75	90	5.5	5.4	6.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Italy	40	35	10	1.4	2.5	0.7
Netherlands	185	100	85	6.4	7.2	5.6
Poland	95	50	45	3.3	3.6	3.0
Portugal	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Romania	35	15	15	1.2	1.1	1.0
Russian Federation	55	25	25	1.9	1.8	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.7
Ukraine	45	25	20	1.6	1.8	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	820	420	400	28.3	30.2	26.6
Other places of birth in Europe	270	135	130	9.3	9.7	8.6
Africa	190	100	95	6.6	7.2	6.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50	3.8	4.3	3.3
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	25	1.9	1.8	1.7
Asia	435	175	260	15.0	12.6	17.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	25	1.4	1.4	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	30	55	3.1	2.2	3.7
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	35	45	2.8	2.5	3.0
Pakistan	35	15	20	1.2	1.1	1.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	75	25	45	2.6	1.8	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	35	15	1.7	2.5	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	265	135	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	50	20	24.5	37.0	15.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	15	0	7.5	11.1	0.0
United States of America	40	25	15	15.1	18.5	11.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	105	55	55	39.6	40.7	42.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	20	24.5	29.6	15.4
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	5.7	0.0	7.7
Africa	35	15	20	13.2	11.1	15.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	15	20	13.2	11.1	15.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	50	10	40	18.9	7.4	30.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	10	5.7	0.0	7.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,115	1,530	1,585	13.7	13.4	14.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,975	2,020	1,955	17.5	17.6	17.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,585	7,905	7,680	68.7	69.0	68.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,950	930	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,260	635	625	64.6	68.3	60.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	505	370	135	25.9	39.8	13.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	755	265	490	38.7	28.5	47.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	520	195	320	26.7	21.0	31.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	170	90	80	8.7	9.7	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,950	930	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	25	10	1.5	2.7	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	510	275	235	26.2	29.6	22.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	30	10	2.1	3.2	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	20	45	3.1	2.2	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,305	580	725	66.9	62.4	70.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,160	510	645	5.1	4.5	5.7
South Asian	315	145	170	1.4	1.3	1.5
Chinese	140	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	150	60	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Filipino	155	60	95	0.7	0.5	0.8
Arab	45	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Latin American	105	50	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,515	10,940	10,575	94.9	95.5	94.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,675	11,455	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,340	1,690	1,645	14.7	14.8	14.7
English	6,730	3,270	3,460	29.7	28.5	30.8
Irish	4,075	2,080	2,000	18.0	18.2	17.8
Scottish	5,475	2,680	2,795	24.1	23.4	24.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,925	970	955	8.5	8.5	8.5
German	4,535	2,245	2,290	20.0	19.6	20.4
Chinese	160	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italian	820	435	385	3.6	3.8	3.4
Indian (India)	140	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ukrainian	1,655	815	840	7.3	7.1	7.5
Dutch	1,430	735	695	6.3	6.4	6.2
Polish	1,040	520	520	4.6	4.5	4.6
Québécois	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,280	700	580	5.6	6.1	5.2
Filipino	165	65	100	0.7	0.6	0.9
French Canadian	205	120	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	185	105	85	0.8	0.9	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	205	60	140	0.9	0.5	1.2
Métis	515	265	245	2.3	2.3	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	465	230	230	2.1	2.0	2.0
Russian	585	290	290	2.6	2.5	2.6
Norwegian	1,275	635	640	5.6	5.5	5.7
Welsh	515	265	255	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portuguese	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
American	645	280	365	2.8	2.4	3.3
Spanish	135	60	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	750	330	425	3.3	2.9	3.8
Hungarian	410	165	245	1.8	1.4	2.2
Acadian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	115	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Punjabi	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	85	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	210	85	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
Lebanese	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	540	230	305	2.4	2.0	2.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	340	175	165	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	225	100	120	1.0	0.9	1.1
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	75	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mennonite	140	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swiss	275	160	115	1.2	1.4	1.0
Finnish	170	100	70	0.7	0.9	0.6
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	45	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Japanese	135	55	85	0.6	0.5	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	225	75	140	1.0	0.7	1.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	170	90	75	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	195	105	95	0.9	0.9	0.8
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ojibway	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Persian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkish	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	75	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
South African	85	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	45	40	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	170	80	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,675	11,455	11,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	12,270	6,005	6,260	54.1	52.4	55.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,660	1,310	1,350	11.7	11.4	12.0
Anabaptist	55	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	1,170	570	595	5.2	5.0	5.3
Baptist	180	80	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catholic	3,855	1,920	1,935	17.0	16.8	17.2
Christian Orthodox	255	105	145	1.1	0.9	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	75	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	580	280	300	2.6	2.4	2.7
Lutheran	450	215	235	2.0	1.9	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	140	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	210	75	135	0.9	0.7	1.2
Reformed	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Church	1,650	815	835	7.3	7.1	7.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	925	455	470	4.1	4.0	4.2
Hindu	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jewish	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	145	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	90	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	9,920	5,220	4,700	43.7	45.6	41.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,570	11,385	11,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,790	10,505	10,285	92.1	92.3	92.0
Movers	1,775	880	895	7.9	7.7	8.0
Non-migrants	575	285	290	2.5	2.5	2.6
Migrants	1,200	595	605	5.3	5.2	5.4
Internal migrants	1,130	550	575	5.0	4.8	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	905	440	465	4.0	3.9	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	220	110	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,860	11,010	10,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,360	7,755	7,605	70.3	70.4	70.1
Movers	6,505	3,255	3,250	29.8	29.6	29.9
Non-migrants	730	365	365	3.3	3.3	3.4
Migrants	5,770	2,890	2,885	26.4	26.2	26.6
Internal migrants	5,595	2,795	2,800	25.6	25.4	25.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,870	2,430	2,440	22.3	22.1	22.5
Interprovincial migrants	725	370	355	3.3	3.4	3.3
External migrants	180	95	85	0.8	0.9	0.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,090	9,585	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,320	1,370	950	12.2	14.3	10.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,765	8,220	8,550	87.8	85.8	90.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,025	5,905	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	845	570	275	7.0	9.7	4.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,180	5,335	5,850	93.0	90.3	95.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,090	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,955	1,085	865	10.2	11.3	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,570	2,580	2,990	29.2	26.9	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,565	5,915	5,645	60.6	61.7	59.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,350	3,410	2,940	33.3	35.6	30.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,900	1,505	390	10.0	15.7	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	515	300	215	2.7	3.1	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,380	1,205	175	7.2	12.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,870	1,645	2,225	20.3	17.2	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	580	255	320	3.0	2.7	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,215	2,510	2,705	27.3	26.2	28.5
Bachelor's degree	3,715	1,710	2,005	19.5	17.8	21.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	295	110	185	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	145	100	1.3	1.5	1.1
Master's degree	820	475	345	4.3	5.0	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,025	5,905	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	645	415	230	5.4	7.0	3.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,075	1,405	1,665	25.6	23.8	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,305	4,085	4,220	69.1	69.2	69.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,515	2,380	2,135	37.5	40.3	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,290	1,040	245	10.7	17.6	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	195	130	2.7	3.3	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	965	845	115	8.0	14.3	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,850	1,195	1,655	23.7	20.2	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	140	230	3.1	2.4	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,790	1,705	2,085	31.5	28.9	34.1
Bachelor's degree	2,725	1,185	1,540	22.7	20.1	25.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	90	130	1.8	1.5	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	180	95	90	1.5	1.6	1.5
Master's degree	570	295	270	4.7	5.0	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	45	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,085	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,525	3,670	3,855	39.4	38.3	40.6
Education	750	145	610	3.9	1.5	6.4
13. Education	750	145	610	3.9	1.5	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	155	190	1.8	1.6	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	300	115	185	1.6	1.2	1.9
Humanities	305	105	200	1.6	1.1	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	70	0	65	0.4	0.0	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	910	285	620	4.8	3.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	35	75	0.6	0.4	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	0	85	0.5	0.0	0.9
22. Legal professions and studies	160	35	125	0.8	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	200	35	165	1.0	0.4	1.7
45. Social sciences	325	165	160	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,280	1,015	1,265	11.9	10.6	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,210	1,000	1,210	11.6	10.4	12.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	560	305	250	2.9	3.2	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	50	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	45	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	265	195	65	1.4	2.0	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	110	110	1.2	1.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	90	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,260	2,910	350	17.1	30.3	3.7
04. Architecture and related services	105	70	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	820	710	110	4.3	7.4	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	760	625	130	4.0	6.5	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	650	635	15	3.4	6.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	595	545	55	3.1	5.7	0.6
48. Precision production	335	325	10	1.8	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	670	345	325	3.5	3.6	3.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	275	255	2.8	2.9	2.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Health and related fields	1,750	310	1,440	9.2	3.2	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	200	70	130	1.0	0.7	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,500	210	1,290	7.9	2.2	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	515	230	285	2.7	2.4	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	55	250	1.6	0.6	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	95	65	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	100	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,025	5,905	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,720	1,820	1,900	30.9	30.8	31.0
Education	435	65	370	3.6	1.1	6.0
13. Education	435	65	370	3.6	1.1	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	255	115	140	2.1	1.9	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	235	95	140	2.0	1.6	2.3
Humanities	215	65	150	1.8	1.1	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0.4	0.0	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	0	55	0.5	0.0	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
54. History	40	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	200	500	5.9	3.4	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	30	65	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	0	60	0.5	0.0	1.0
22. Legal professions and studies	130	25	100	1.1	0.4	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	160	20	140	1.3	0.3	2.3
45. Social sciences	245	125	120	2.0	2.1	2.0
Business, management and public administration	1,730	780	950	14.4	13.2	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,680	780	910	14.0	13.2	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	160	175	2.7	2.7	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	85	35	55	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	30	60	0.8	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	90	45	1.1	1.5	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	85	65	1.2	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	110	65	45	0.9	1.1	0.7
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295	1,985	305	19.1	33.6	5.0
04. Architecture and related services	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
14. Engineering	545	455	85	4.5	7.7	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	575	460	125	4.8	7.8	2.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	445	430	15	3.7	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	430	385	40	3.6	6.5	0.7
48. Precision production	250	235	10	2.1	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	220	260	4.0	3.7	4.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	380	165	215	3.2	2.8	3.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	50	50	0.8	0.8	0.8
Health and related fields	1,320	220	1,090	11.0	3.7	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	50	95	1.2	0.8	1.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,135	150	985	9.4	2.5	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	390	185	205	3.2	3.1	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	215	40	170	1.8	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	60	25	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	80	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,025	5,905	6,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,720	1,820	1,900	30.9	30.8	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,300	4,085	4,220	69.0	69.2	69.0
Location of study inside Canada	7,160	3,520	3,645	59.5	59.6	59.6
Same as province or territory of residence	5,345	2,635	2,705	44.4	44.6	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,820	880	935	15.1	14.9	15.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,145	570	575	9.5	9.7	9.4
Americas	390	215	175	3.2	3.6	2.9
United States of America	360	200	165	3.0	3.4	2.7
Mexico	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	505	255	250	4.2	4.3	4.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	260	115	145	2.2	1.9	2.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	75	35	40	0.6	0.6	0.7
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	160	45	110	1.3	0.8	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,090	9,590	9,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,700	6,915	5,790	...	...	...
Employed	11,605	6,295	5,305	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,105	620	485	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	6,380	2,675	3,705	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.5	72.1	60.9	66.5	72.1	60.9
Employment rate	60.8	65.6	55.8	60.8	65.6	55.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.0	8.4	8.7	9.0	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,085	9,590	9,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,610	2,790	3,820	34.6	29.1	40.2
Worked	12,480	6,800	5,680	65.4	70.9	59.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,510	3,915	2,590	34.1	40.8	27.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,970	2,880	3,090	31.3	30.0	32.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.7	40.9	41.4	41.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,705	6,915	5,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	275	155	120	2.2	2.2	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,430	6,755	5,670	97.8	97.7	97.9
Employee	8,210	4,210	4,000	64.6	60.9	69.1
Permanent position	6,725	3,510	3,210	52.9	50.8	55.4
Temporary position	1,485	695	790	11.7	10.1	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	365	145	220	2.9	2.1	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,120	555	570	8.8	8.0	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,220	2,545	1,670	33.2	36.8	28.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,705	6,915	5,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	275	155	120	2.2	2.2	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,430	6,755	5,670	97.8	97.7	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	465	360	105	3.7	5.2	1.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,425	640	1,785	19.1	9.3	30.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,020	775	240	8.0	11.2	4.1
3 Health occupations	905	175	730	7.1	2.5	12.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	960	325	640	7.6	4.7	11.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	425	160	265	3.3	2.3	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	2,185	1,030	1,150	17.2	14.9	19.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,340	2,110	230	18.4	30.5	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,375	910	460	10.8	13.2	7.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	330	270	65	2.6	3.9	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,705	6,915	5,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	275	155	120	2.2	2.2	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	12,430	6,755	5,670	97.8	97.7	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,160	675	480	9.1	9.8	8.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	695	485	205	5.5	7.0	3.5
22 Utilities	140	80	55	1.1	1.2	0.9
23 Construction	1,655	1,290	370	13.0	18.7	6.4
31-33 Manufacturing	605	405	200	4.8	5.9	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	530	355	180	4.2	5.1	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	995	500	490	7.8	7.2	8.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	480	305	175	3.8	4.4	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	175	100	75	1.4	1.4	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	340	165	175	2.7	2.4	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	325	175	145	2.6	2.5	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,350	695	650	10.6	10.1	11.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	535	340	195	4.2	4.9	3.4
61 Educational services	620	135	480	4.9	2.0	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,145	190	955	9.0	2.7	16.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	175	190	2.9	2.5	3.3
72 Accommodation and food services	325	120	205	2.6	1.7	3.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	560	315	245	4.4	4.6	4.2
91 Public administration	415	220	195	3.3	3.2	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,590	7,345	6,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,305	7,210	6,095	97.9	98.2	97.6
French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	95	40	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	160	75	80	1.2	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,590	7,345	6,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,565	7,335	6,225	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	13,530	7,315	6,220	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	13,510	7,310	6,200	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,590	7,345	6,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,360	7,235	6,125	98.3	98.5	98.1
English	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
French	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	125	60	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	125	60	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,600	6,295	5,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,010	1,970	2,045	34.6	31.3	38.5
Worked outside Canada	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
No fixed workplace address	1,985	1,475	515	17.1	23.4	9.7
Usual place of work	5,560	2,825	2,735	47.9	44.9	51.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,555	2,825	2,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	990	500	485	17.8	17.7	17.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,255	2,110	2,140	76.6	74.7	78.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	265	165	100	4.8	5.8	3.7
Commute to a different province or territory	50	45	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,545	4,300	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,015	3,995	3,020	93.0	92.9	92.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,765	3,890	2,875	89.7	90.5	88.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	245	100	145	3.2	2.3	4.5
Public transit	50	15	30	0.7	0.3	0.9
Walked	250	140	110	3.3	3.3	3.4
Bicycle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other method	235	145	90	3.1	3.4	2.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,545	4,300	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,500	745	755	19.9	17.3	23.2
15 to 29 minutes	2,385	1,145	1,240	31.6	26.6	38.2
30 to 44 minutes	1,990	1,235	755	26.4	28.7	23.2
45 to 59 minutes	970	640	335	12.9	14.9	10.3
60 minutes and over	700	535	170	9.3	12.4	5.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,545	4,300	3,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	495	385	110	6.6	9.0	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,600	1,195	405	21.2	27.8	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,940	1,085	860	25.7	25.2	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,620	765	860	21.5	17.8	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,100	475	625	14.6	11.0	19.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	790	400	390	10.5	9.3	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,625	2,405	2,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	275	145	130	5.9	6.0	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,345	2,255	2,085	93.9	93.8	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,745	1,950	1,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	120	105	6.0	6.2	5.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	30	30	1.7	1.5	1.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	85	75	4.4	4.4	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,520	1,830	1,695	94.0	93.8	94.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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