Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chestermere, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,163	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,887	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,925	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,733	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	675.0	...	...	675.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	32.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,160	11,085	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,035	2,565	2,465	22.7	23.1	22.3
0 to 4 years	1,300	670	630	5.9	6.0	5.7
5 to 9 years	1,765	890	875	8.0	8.0	7.9
10 to 14 years	1,970	1,010	960	8.9	9.1	8.7
15 to 64 years	14,840	7,385	7,450	67.0	66.6	67.3
15 to 19 years	1,630	855	775	7.4	7.7	7.0
20 to 24 years	1,150	620	530	5.2	5.6	4.8
25 to 29 years	990	515	475	4.5	4.6	4.3
30 to 34 years	1,375	630	745	6.2	5.7	6.7
35 to 39 years	1,815	840	975	8.2	7.6	8.8
40 to 44 years	1,940	930	1,015	8.8	8.4	9.2
45 to 49 years	1,805	915	890	8.1	8.3	8.0
50 to 54 years	1,530	790	745	6.9	7.1	6.7
55 to 59 years	1,335	665	675	6.0	6.0	6.1
60 to 64 years	1,265	635	630	5.7	5.7	5.7
65 years and over	2,290	1,130	1,155	10.3	10.2	10.4
65 to 69 years	985	490	495	4.4	4.4	4.5
70 to 74 years	650	335	315	2.9	3.0	2.8
75 to 79 years	360	185	180	1.6	1.7	1.6
80 to 84 years	175	80	90	0.8	0.7	0.8
85 years and over	115	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.7
85 to 89 years	80	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
90 to 94 years	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.7	23.1	22.3	22.7	23.1	22.3
15 to 64 years	67.0	66.6	67.3	67.0	66.6	67.3
65 years and over	10.3	10.2	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.4
85 years and over	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.7
Average age of the population	36.4	36.1	36.7	36.4	36.1	36.7
Median age of the population	37.6	37.2	38.0	37.6	37.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,400	...	...	80.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...	7.6	...	...
Row house	610	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	200	...	...	3.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	715	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 persons	1,875	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 persons	1,255	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	1,535	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,350	...	...	20.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,150	11,070	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,130	8,520	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,530	5,765	5,765	67.3	67.7	66.9
Married	10,325	5,160	5,160	60.3	60.6	59.9
Living common-law	1,210	605	605	7.1	7.1	7.0
Living common law - Never married	790	400	390	4.6	4.7	4.5
Living common law - Separated	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	350	165	185	2.0	1.9	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	5,595	2,755	2,845	32.7	32.3	33.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,065	2,220	1,850	23.7	26.1	21.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	330	150	180	1.9	1.8	2.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	655	270	390	3.8	3.2	4.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	545	115	430	3.2	1.3	5.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,390	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 persons	1,415	...	...	22.2	...	...
4 persons	1,745	...	...	27.4	...	...
5 or more persons	810	...	...	12.7	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,365	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,655	...	...	88.8	...	...
Married couples	5,055	...	...	79.4	...	...
With children⁶	3,325	...	...	52.2	...	...
Without children	1,725	...	...	27.1	...	...
Common-law couples	600	...	...	9.4	...	...
With children⁶	300	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	300	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	710	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	515	...	...	8.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	190	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	20,350	10,260	10,085	91.9	92.6	91.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,310	5,655	5,650	51.1	51.1	51.0
Parents in one-parent families	710	195	515	3.2	1.8	4.7
Children⁶	8,330	4,410	3,920	37.6	39.8	35.4
In a two-parent family	7,155	3,775	3,380	32.3	34.1	30.5
In a one-parent family	1,180	635	540	5.3	5.7	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,800	815	985	8.1	7.4	8.9
Living alone	715	335	380	3.2	3.0	3.4
Living with other relatives⁷	660	245	420	3.0	2.2	3.8
Living with non-relatives only	420	230	190	1.9	2.1	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,850	...	...	72.0	...	...
Couple-family households	4,380	...	...	65.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,850	...	...	42.3	...	...
Without children	1,535	...	...	22.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	465	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	595	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	315	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	155	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	715	...	...	10.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,115	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,105	8,000	8,105	94.1	94.1	94.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	57,200	41,200	48,000	57,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,130	8,015	8,115	94.2	94.2	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,600	37,600	43,200	49,600	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,695	7,475	7,225	85.9	87.9	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	56,000	36,000	45,200	56,000	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,620	6,475	6,145	73.7	76.1	71.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	56,800	38,000	46,000	56,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,860	6,685	7,175	81.0	78.6	83.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,960	8,500	7,000	4,960	8,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,785	785	1,000	10.4	9.2	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,720	5,800	5,760	5,720	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,275	2,530	2,745	30.8	29.7	31.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,115	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,080	7,975	8,100	94.0	93.8	94.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,400	75,500	55,500	65,400	75,500	55,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,000	8,115	94.2	94.1	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,150	60,100	46,320	53,150	60,100	46,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,685	7,400	7,285	85.8	87.0	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,350	73,700	50,800	62,350	73,700	50,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,620	6,380	6,240	73.7	75.0	72.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,200	73,100	51,040	62,200	73,100	51,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,905	6,665	7,240	81.2	78.4	84.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,820	8,540	11,000	9,820	8,540	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,870	785	1,085	10.9	9.2	12.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,070	6,320	7,600	7,070	6,320	7,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,300	2,525	2,775	31.0	29.7	32.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,940	9,240	9,100	8,940	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,110	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,265	3,525	2,745	36.6	41.4	31.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	78,000	84,000	70,500	78,000	84,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,200	103,500	80,000	93,200	103,500	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,780	2,165	2,620	27.9	25.5	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	21,800	21,000	21,600	21,800	21,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	39,120	31,400	34,880	39,120	31,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.0	90.6	82.2	87.0	90.6	82.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.6	77.4	70.8	74.6	77.4	70.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.0	9.5	17.7	13.0	9.5	17.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	1.8	1.3	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.5	5.1	4.0	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.8	5.7	4.6	3.8	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,115	8,510	8,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,010	510	500	5.9	6.0	5.8
With total income	16,110	8,000	8,105	94.1	94.0	94.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,460	590	875	9.1	7.4	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,540	645	895	9.6	8.1	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,090	940	1,155	13.0	11.8	14.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,685	690	990	10.5	8.6	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,515	665	855	9.4	8.3	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,340	625	715	8.3	7.8	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,115	520	600	6.9	6.5	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,050	550	500	6.5	6.9	6.2
$80,000 to $89,999	775	445	330	4.8	5.6	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	630	360	275	3.9	4.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	2,890	1,970	925	17.9	24.6	11.4
$100,000 to $149,999	1,815	1,155	660	11.3	14.4	8.1
$150,000 and over	1,070	815	260	6.6	10.2	3.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,115	8,510	8,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	985	495	490	5.8	5.8	5.7
With after-tax income	16,135	8,015	8,115	94.3	94.2	94.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,535	610	920	9.5	7.6	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,605	680	925	9.9	8.5	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,370	1,070	1,300	14.7	13.3	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	1,995	820	1,180	12.4	10.2	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,815	850	970	11.2	10.6	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,555	730	825	9.6	9.1	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	700	605	8.1	8.7	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	945	550	390	5.9	6.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	770	435	340	4.8	5.4	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	590	365	225	3.7	4.6	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,650	1,200	445	10.2	15.0	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	800	555	250	5.0	6.9	3.1
$125,000 and over	845	640	200	5.2	8.0	2.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,115	8,510	8,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,495	2,035	2,465	26.3	23.9	28.6
With employment income	12,615	6,475	6,140	73.7	76.1	71.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,465	680	785	11.6	10.5	12.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,020	445	570	8.1	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320	590	725	10.5	9.1	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	985	430	560	7.8	6.6	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	965	410	550	7.6	6.3	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	900	415	485	7.1	6.4	7.9
$50,000 to $59,999	870	395	475	6.9	6.1	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	850	385	465	6.7	5.9	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	760	430	330	6.0	6.6	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	590	345	240	4.7	5.3	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	545	325	220	4.3	5.0	3.6
$100,000 and over	2,355	1,625	730	18.7	25.1	11.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,010	610	400	8.0	9.4	6.5
$125,000 and over	1,345	1,015	330	10.7	15.7	5.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,115	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,700	7,785	7,915	91.7	91.5	92.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	60,800	40,400	49,200	60,800	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,705	7,790	7,920	91.8	91.6	92.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,000	36,800	43,600	52,000	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,520	7,355	7,170	84.8	86.5	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	60,800	38,400	48,800	60,800	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,630	6,445	6,190	73.8	75.8	71.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,200	60,400	40,400	49,200	60,400	40,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,945	6,275	6,670	75.6	73.8	77.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,240	920	3,480	1,240	920	3,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,185	465	725	6.9	5.5	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,800	5,640	7,600	6,800	5,640	7,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,115	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,690	7,760	7,930	91.7	91.2	92.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,500	78,800	54,500	66,500	78,800	54,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,700	7,765	7,935	91.7	91.3	92.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550	62,100	45,120	53,550	62,100	45,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,540	7,255	7,280	85.0	85.3	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,500	80,300	52,800	66,500	80,300	52,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,715	6,390	6,325	74.3	75.1	73.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	65,500	77,500	53,300	65,500	77,500	53,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,915	6,210	6,700	75.5	73.0	77.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,925	4,672	7,080	5,925	4,672	7,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,210	415	795	7.1	4.9	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,780	7,760	9,320	8,780	7,760	9,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,110	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,175	3,480	2,695	36.1	40.9	31.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	83,000	70,000	76,500	83,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	92,400	103,000	78,700	92,400	103,000	78,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,605	2,055	2,550	26.9	24.2	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	35,200	28,200	30,400	35,200	28,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,960	53,800	39,680	45,960	53,800	39,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.6	95.2	89.0	92.6	95.2	89.0
Employment income (%)	79.8	81.0	78.0	79.8	81.0	78.0
Government transfers (%)	7.3	4.7	11.0	7.3	4.7	11.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.7	1.0	0.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,735	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...	53,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	127,300	...	...	127,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,100	...	...	59,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	65	...	...	1.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	70	...	...	1.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	75	...	...	1.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	110	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	260	...	...	3.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	275	...	...	4.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...	5.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	360	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	335	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,590	...	...	68.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	895	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	835	...	...	12.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,300	...	...	19.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,565	...	...	23.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	75	...	...	1.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	90	...	...	1.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	135	...	...	2.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	315	...	...	4.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	400	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	410	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	455	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	490	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,005	...	...	59.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,080	...	...	16.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	935	...	...	13.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,985	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,135	570	565	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	62,000	49,600	56,000	62,000	49,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	52,000	43,600	48,000	52,000	43,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...	164,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	177,000	...	...	177,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,400	...	...	145,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,135	560	575	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	69,200	75,200	63,200	69,200	75,200	63,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600	61,800	49,600	55,600	61,800	49,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,145	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,070	3,120	2,950	27.4	28.2	26.6
0 to 5 years	1,615	825	785	7.3	7.4	7.1
18 to 64 years	13,790	6,825	6,965	62.3	61.6	62.9
65 years and over	2,285	1,130	1,155	10.3	10.2	10.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,005	475	530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	170	185	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	45	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	545	255	285	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	45	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.6	4.3	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.9	5.5	6.3	5.9	5.5	6.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.0	5.3	5.4	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.8	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.1
65 years and over (%)	4.6	4.0	5.2	4.6	4.0	5.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,145	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,070	3,120	2,950	27.4	28.2	26.6
0 to 5 years	1,615	830	785	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	13,790	6,825	6,965	62.3	61.6	62.9
65 years and over	2,285	1,125	1,160	10.3	10.2	10.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	340	165	175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	100	50	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	215	105	110	...	...	...
65 years and over	20	10	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,270	3,575	3,705	32.8	32.3	33.5
In bottom decile	895	435	460	4.0	3.9	4.2
In second decile	1,120	535	585	5.1	4.8	5.3
In third decile	1,475	705	775	6.7	6.4	7.0
In fourth decile	1,820	910	910	8.2	8.2	8.2
In fifth decile	1,965	990	980	8.9	8.9	8.8
In top half of the distribution	14,875	7,505	7,370	67.2	67.8	66.5
In sixth decile	2,200	1,100	1,100	9.9	9.9	9.9
In seventh decile	2,700	1,360	1,340	12.2	12.3	12.1
In eighth decile	2,975	1,465	1,510	13.4	13.2	13.6
In ninth decile	3,375	1,715	1,660	15.2	15.5	15.0
In top decile	3,625	1,865	1,765	16.4	16.8	15.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,145	...	...	22,145	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.301	...	...	0.301	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	20,730	10,485	10,250	93.5	94.6	92.5
French only	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	870	395	480	3.9	3.6	4.3
Neither English nor French	560	210	350	2.5	1.9	3.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,365	10,765	10,605	96.4	97.1	95.7
French	165	80	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	75	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	550	205	345	2.5	1.8	3.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,005	10,525	10,480	94.8	94.9	94.6
Official languages	14,835	7,520	7,315	66.9	67.8	66.0
English	14,655	7,435	7,220	66.1	67.1	65.2
French	175	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	6,165	3,005	3,165	27.8	27.1	28.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,170	3,005	3,165	27.8	27.1	28.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	390	205	185	1.8	1.8	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	380	200	180	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	300	165	140	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	325	370	3.1	2.9	3.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	660	305	355	3.0	2.8	3.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	490	215	275	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	175	220	1.8	1.6	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,140	2,050	2,090	18.7	18.5	18.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	300	140	160	1.4	1.3	1.4
Baltic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	140	160	1.3	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	80	35	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	175	85	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,150	1,575	1,575	14.2	14.2	14.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,020	1,510	1,515	13.6	13.6	13.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	190	90	95	0.9	0.8	0.9
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,435	1,220	1,210	11.0	11.0	10.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	140	150	1.3	1.3	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	80	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	505	235	265	2.3	2.1	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	100	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	290	135	155	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	240	110	130	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	235	110	125	1.1	1.0	1.1
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,160	560	600	5.2	5.1	5.4
English and French	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	985	480	505	4.4	4.3	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,865	7,520	7,345	67.1	67.8	66.3
French	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,935	920	1,010	8.7	8.3	9.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,935	920	1,010	8.7	8.3	9.1
English and French	115	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	5,030	2,490	2,540	22.7	22.5	22.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	110	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	20,955	10,480	10,470	94.5	94.5	94.5
Official languages	17,070	8,590	8,485	77.0	77.5	76.6
English	17,045	8,575	8,470	76.9	77.4	76.4
French	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	3,885	1,895	1,985	17.5	17.1	17.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,885	1,895	1,985	17.5	17.1	17.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	185	95	95	0.8	0.9	0.9
Amharic	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	140	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	425	195	230	1.9	1.8	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	400	185	215	1.8	1.7	1.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	250	120	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	105	110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,780	1,370	1,415	12.5	12.4	12.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,420	1,195	1,225	10.9	10.8	11.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,355	1,160	1,185	10.6	10.5	10.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	120	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,965	975	985	8.9	8.8	8.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	210	100	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	90	100	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	140	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	130	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,205	600	610	5.4	5.4	5.5
English and French	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	570	580	5.2	5.1	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,165	11,085	11,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	17,810	8,945	8,865	80.4	80.7	80.0
English	1,570	780	785	7.1	7.0	7.1
French	105	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	2,135	1,030	1,100	9.6	9.3	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,130	1,030	1,105	9.6	9.3	10.0
English and French	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	130	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,145	11,075	11,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	21,495	10,820	10,675	97.1	97.7	96.4
English	21,490	10,820	10,670	97.0	97.7	96.4
French	925	385	540	4.2	3.5	4.9
Non-official languages	8,335	4,075	4,260	37.6	36.8	38.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,335	4,075	4,260	37.6	36.8	38.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	355	310	3.0	3.2	2.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	665	355	310	3.0	3.2	2.8
Amharic	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arabic	560	310	255	2.5	2.8	2.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	920	465	455	4.2	4.2	4.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	830	415	415	3.7	3.7	3.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	620	245	370	2.8	2.2	3.3
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	590	235	355	2.7	2.1	3.2
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,555	2,765	2,790	25.1	25.0	25.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	385	180	205	1.7	1.6	1.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	385	180	205	1.7	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	85	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatian	120	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	125	130	1.1	1.1	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	170	90	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	165	85	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,050	2,020	2,030	18.3	18.2	18.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,965	1,985	1,985	17.9	17.9	17.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hindi	1,100	565	540	5.0	5.1	4.9
Kacchi	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,265	1,635	1,630	14.7	14.8	14.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	540	250	280	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	90	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	900	450	450	4.1	4.1	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	100	70	25	0.5	0.6	0.2
Spanish	580	275	305	2.6	2.5	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Korean	60	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	45	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dinka	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	160	205	1.6	1.4	1.9
Chinese languages	345	155	185	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	120	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	110	140	1.2	1.0	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Lao	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uralic languages	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	570	285	285	2.6	2.6	2.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	565	275	285	2.6	2.5	2.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	235	140	95	1.1	1.3	0.9
Métis	335	140	195	1.5	1.3	1.8
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	21,575	10,790	10,785	97.4	97.4	97.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	170	90	80	0.8	0.8	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,975	10,980	10,995	99.2	99.1	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,130	...	...	91.1	...	...
Renter	605	...	...	9.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	800	...	...	11.9	...	...
Not condominium	5,930	...	...	88.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	100	...	...	1.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	615	...	...	9.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,640	...	...	39.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,350	...	...	49.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	820	...	...	12.2	...	...
5 rooms	970	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	900	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	905	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,135	...	...	46.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,465	...	...	96.1	...	...
More than one person per room	270	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,445	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	290	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	185	...	...	2.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	175	...	...	2.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	965	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,525	...	...	22.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,590	...	...	23.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,440	...	...	21.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	815	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,530	...	...	97.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	205	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,275	...	...	33.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,875	...	...	57.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	585	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	795	...	...	11.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,760	...	...	26.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,750	...	...	26.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,370	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	790	...	...	11.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	215	...	...	3.2	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,400	...	...	80.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,335	...	...	19.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,245	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,720	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,230	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not suitable only	240	...	...	3.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	155	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	50	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,010	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	295	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not in core need	6,345	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.1	...	...	76.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,220	...	...	2,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,194	...	...	2,194	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	532,000	...	...	532,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	579,000	...	...	579,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	600	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.1	...	...	31.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,750	...	...	1,750	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,145	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	215	135	80	1.0	1.2	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	215	135	80	1.0	1.2	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	110	80	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
Métis single ancestry	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	565	190	380	2.6	1.7	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	550	190	360	2.5	1.7	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	295	110	190	1.3	1.0	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	75	175	1.2	0.7	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,370	10,755	10,615	96.5	97.1	95.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,145	11,075	11,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	20,715	10,390	10,325	93.5	93.8	93.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,920	3,045	2,870	26.7	27.5	25.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,795	7,345	7,450	66.8	66.3	67.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,430	685	750	6.5	6.2	6.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,145	11,075	11,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,865	8,050	7,815	71.6	72.7	70.6
Immigrants⁸¹	6,160	2,955	3,205	27.8	26.7	29.0
Before 1980	680	360	320	3.1	3.3	2.9
1980 to 1990	1,025	545	475	4.6	4.9	4.3
1991 to 2000	1,375	610	765	6.2	5.5	6.9
2001 to 2010	1,665	785	885	7.5	7.1	8.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,415	650	760	6.4	5.9	6.9
2011 to 2015	895	410	485	4.0	3.7	4.4
2016 to 2021	515	245	275	2.3	2.2	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	120	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,160	2,955	3,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	415	200	210	6.7	6.8	6.6
5 to 14 years	1,075	570	505	17.5	19.3	15.8
15 to 24 years	1,615	755	855	26.2	25.5	26.7
25 to 44 years	2,395	1,125	1,275	38.9	38.1	39.8
45 years and over	660	300	360	10.7	10.2	11.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,160	2,955	3,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	495	230	265	8.0	7.8	8.3
Brazil	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Colombia	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	80	30	50	1.3	1.0	1.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	95	55	35	1.5	1.9	1.1
Peru	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
United States of America	115	40	70	1.9	1.4	2.2
Other places of birth in Americas	95	40	55	1.5	1.4	1.7
Europe	875	450	420	14.2	15.2	13.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	75	30	40	1.2	1.0	1.2
Croatia	35	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.8
France	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Germany	55	30	30	0.9	1.0	0.9
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Italy	40	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Poland	55	30	30	0.9	1.0	0.9
Portugal	50	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romania	65	40	25	1.1	1.4	0.8
Russian Federation	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	305	170	130	5.0	5.8	4.1
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
Africa	440	230	210	7.1	7.8	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Eritrea	25	15	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Ethiopia	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
Morocco	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	45	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	30	35	1.1	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	220	115	110	3.6	3.9	3.4
Asia	4,210	1,985	2,225	68.3	67.2	69.4
Afghanistan	65	30	30	1.1	1.0	0.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	45	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	130	80	55	2.1	2.7	1.7
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	0	30	0.5	0.0	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	35	15	15	0.6	0.5	0.5
Philippines	605	255	350	9.8	8.6	10.9
Viet Nam	615	290	325	10.0	9.8	10.1
Bangladesh	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.3
India	2,000	960	1,045	32.5	32.5	32.6
Pakistan	270	125	145	4.4	4.2	4.5
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	265	135	135	4.3	4.6	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	60	80	2.4	2.0	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	520	245	270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	45	20	20	8.7	8.2	7.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	20	10	4.8	8.2	3.7
United States of America	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	65	35	25	12.5	14.3	9.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15	6.7	6.1	5.6
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	0	2.9	4.1	0.0
Africa	70	35	30	13.5	14.3	11.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	2.9	4.1	3.7
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	15	0	2.9	6.1	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	3.8	0.0	5.6
Asia	340	150	185	65.4	61.2	68.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	90	115	39.4	36.7	42.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	2.9	0.0	3.7
Philippines	65	25	40	12.5	10.2	14.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	25	0	4.8	10.2	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,430	3,080	3,350	29.0	27.8	30.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,505	2,905	2,600	24.9	26.2	23.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	10,215	5,090	5,125	46.1	46.0	46.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,480	2,595	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,195	1,065	1,130	40.1	41.0	39.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	850	440	410	15.5	17.0	14.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,350	625	720	24.6	24.1	25.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,360	1,015	1,350	43.1	39.1	46.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	840	480	360	15.3	18.5	12.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	30	45	1.5	1.2	1.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,480	2,595	2,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	225	135	80	4.1	5.2	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	450	180	270	8.2	6.9	9.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	65	55	2.2	2.5	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	180	60	120	3.3	2.3	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,475	2,145	2,335	81.7	82.7	80.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,390	4,745	4,645	42.4	42.8	41.9
South Asian	4,485	2,245	2,245	20.2	20.3	20.3
Chinese	415	215	205	1.9	1.9	1.9
Black	535	280	250	2.4	2.5	2.3
Filipino	910	425	485	4.1	3.8	4.4
Arab	670	370	300	3.0	3.3	2.7
Latin American	420	200	220	1.9	1.8	2.0
Southeast Asian	1,120	570	550	5.1	5.1	5.0
West Asian	80	45	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Japanese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	585	320	260	2.6	2.9	2.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	12,755	6,335	6,420	57.6	57.2	58.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,145	11,075	11,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,685	1,380	1,305	12.1	12.5	11.8
English	3,115	1,485	1,635	14.1	13.4	14.8
Irish	2,160	1,035	1,125	9.8	9.3	10.2
Scottish	2,760	1,245	1,515	12.5	11.2	13.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,325	605	715	6.0	5.5	6.5
German	2,660	1,290	1,370	12.0	11.6	12.4
Chinese	760	420	340	3.4	3.8	3.1
Italian	540	260	285	2.4	2.3	2.6
Indian (India)	2,165	1,120	1,050	9.8	10.1	9.5
Ukrainian	1,215	595	625	5.5	5.4	5.6
Dutch	910	445	465	4.1	4.0	4.2
Polish	825	405	415	3.7	3.7	3.7
Québécois	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	700	380	320	3.2	3.4	2.9
Filipino	895	435	460	4.0	3.9	4.2
French Canadian	165	70	100	0.7	0.6	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	420	225	195	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	145	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Métis	375	135	240	1.7	1.2	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	380	170	210	1.7	1.5	1.9
Russian	385	170	210	1.7	1.5	1.9
Norwegian	630	295	330	2.8	2.7	3.0
Welsh	300	135	160	1.4	1.2	1.4
Portuguese	200	85	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
American	305	130	175	1.4	1.2	1.6
Spanish	305	145	165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Swedish	360	175	190	1.6	1.6	1.7
Hungarian	260	140	120	1.2	1.3	1.1
Acadian	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistani	385	185	195	1.7	1.7	1.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	1,075	510	560	4.9	4.6	5.1
Vietnamese	940	460	480	4.2	4.2	4.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	90	45	0.6	0.8	0.4
Greek	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jamaican	90	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325	145	180	1.5	1.3	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	210	95	115	0.9	0.9	1.0
Lebanese	470	245	230	2.1	2.2	2.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Danish	205	95	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	1,015	515	500	4.6	4.7	4.5
Austrian	180	80	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgian	120	60	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mexican	135	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Mennonite	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Finnish	65	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Japanese	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	90	55	0.7	0.8	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Muslim	165	65	100	0.7	0.6	0.9
Egyptian	45	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	95	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Syrian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	100	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraqi	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	95	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chilean	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrean	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	120	50	75	0.5	0.5	0.7
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	80	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	85	50	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jatt	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,150	11,075	11,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	760	405	355	3.4	3.7	3.2
Christian	9,000	4,315	4,690	40.6	39.0	42.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,885	900	985	8.5	8.1	8.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	280	100	180	1.3	0.9	1.6
Baptist	125	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	4,385	2,160	2,225	19.8	19.5	20.1
Christian Orthodox	280	135	145	1.3	1.2	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	165	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lutheran	405	175	235	1.8	1.6	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	115	130	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	75	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Reformed	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	480	230	250	2.2	2.1	2.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	455	230	220	2.1	2.1	2.0
Hindu	400	220	180	1.8	2.0	1.6
Jewish	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Muslim	1,615	830	785	7.3	7.5	7.1
Sikh	3,155	1,560	1,590	14.2	14.1	14.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	7,130	3,720	3,410	32.2	33.6	30.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,950	11,000	10,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,570	9,820	9,750	89.2	89.3	89.0
Movers	2,380	1,180	1,205	10.8	10.7	11.0
Non-migrants	845	395	450	3.8	3.6	4.1
Migrants	1,535	785	750	7.0	7.1	6.8
Internal migrants	1,470	755	715	6.7	6.9	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,210	635	575	5.5	5.8	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	260	120	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
External migrants	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,835	10,460	10,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,220	6,695	6,525	63.5	64.0	62.9
Movers	7,615	3,765	3,850	36.5	36.0	37.1
Non-migrants	1,685	790	900	8.1	7.6	8.7
Migrants	5,930	2,980	2,950	28.5	28.5	28.4
Internal migrants	5,540	2,795	2,745	26.6	26.7	26.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,830	2,450	2,380	23.2	23.4	22.9
Interprovincial migrants	710	345	365	3.4	3.3	3.5
External migrants	390	185	205	1.9	1.8	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,110	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,965	1,590	1,375	17.3	18.7	16.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,145	6,915	7,230	82.7	81.3	84.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,110	5,935	6,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,365	810	560	11.3	13.6	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,735	5,125	5,610	88.6	86.4	90.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,115	8,505	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,685	1,420	1,265	15.7	16.7	14.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,045	2,485	2,560	29.5	29.2	29.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,385	4,605	4,780	54.8	54.1	55.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,335	2,815	2,515	31.2	33.1	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275	990	290	7.4	11.6	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	405	265	140	2.4	3.1	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	870	725	155	5.1	8.5	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,415	1,555	1,865	20.0	18.3	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	635	275	360	3.7	3.2	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,055	1,790	2,265	23.7	21.0	26.3
Bachelor's degree	2,910	1,260	1,645	17.0	14.8	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	100	120	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	790	360	430	4.6	4.2	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,105	5,935	6,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,155	670	490	9.5	11.3	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,090	1,470	1,615	25.5	24.8	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,865	3,795	4,070	65.0	63.9	66.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,360	2,280	2,080	36.0	38.4	33.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	975	770	210	8.1	13.0	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	275	175	100	2.3	2.9	1.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	700	590	105	5.8	9.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,850	1,285	1,570	23.5	21.7	25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	535	230	305	4.4	3.9	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,505	1,515	1,985	29.0	25.5	32.2
Bachelor's degree	2,510	1,065	1,440	20.7	17.9	23.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	175	75	100	1.4	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	65	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	700	310	395	5.8	5.2	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,115	8,510	8,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,730	3,900	3,830	45.2	45.8	44.5
Education	570	120	450	3.3	1.4	5.2
13. Education	570	120	450	3.3	1.4	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	165	65	105	1.0	0.8	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	145	45	100	0.8	0.5	1.2
Humanities	450	170	280	2.6	2.0	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	80	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	85	145	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	25	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
54. History	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	825	230	595	4.8	2.7	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	20	100	0.7	0.2	1.2
22. Legal professions and studies	180	50	125	1.1	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	135	10	130	0.8	0.1	1.5
45. Social sciences	290	115	175	1.7	1.4	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,385	980	1,405	13.9	11.5	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	125	15	110	0.7	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,260	965	1,295	13.2	11.3	15.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	330	175	160	1.9	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	55	60	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	20	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	125	95	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	405	250	160	2.4	2.9	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	225	130	2.1	2.6	1.5
25. Library science	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,320	2,135	190	13.6	25.1	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	485	420	65	2.8	4.9	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	735	655	85	4.3	7.7	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	395	380	20	2.3	4.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	420	415	0	2.5	4.9	0.0
48. Precision production	225	225	0	1.3	2.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	60	120	1.1	0.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	45	80	0.7	0.5	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.5
Health and related fields	1,255	175	1,075	7.3	2.1	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,140	125	1,020	6.7	1.5	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	250	250	2.9	2.9	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	295	70	225	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	95	80	20	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	100	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,105	5,935	6,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,240	2,140	2,105	35.0	36.1	34.1
Education	440	95	345	3.6	1.6	5.6
13. Education	440	95	345	3.6	1.6	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	135	65	75	1.1	1.1	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	115	40	75	1.0	0.7	1.2
Humanities	365	130	230	3.0	2.2	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	65	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	70	125	1.6	1.2	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
54. History	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	710	185	525	5.9	3.1	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	30	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	10	85	0.8	0.2	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	150	45	110	1.2	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	125	0	120	1.0	0.0	1.9
45. Social sciences	250	95	155	2.1	1.6	2.5
Business, management and public administration	2,065	810	1,250	17.1	13.6	20.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	20	100	0.9	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,945	800	1,150	16.1	13.5	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	220	110	110	1.8	1.9	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	40	50	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	60	20	0.7	1.0	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	225	155	3.1	3.8	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	205	120	2.8	3.5	1.9
25. Library science	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,915	1,750	160	15.8	29.5	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	415	355	60	3.4	6.0	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	605	530	75	5.0	8.9	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	345	335	10	2.9	5.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	335	335	0	2.8	5.6	0.0
48. Precision production	170	170	0	1.4	2.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	50	100	1.2	0.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	45	60	0.8	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
Health and related fields	1,090	160	930	9.0	2.7	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	995	110	880	8.2	1.9	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	210	185	3.3	3.5	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	60	170	1.9	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	70	15	0.7	1.2	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	80	0	0.7	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,105	5,935	6,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,240	2,140	2,105	35.0	36.1	34.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,865	3,795	4,070	65.0	63.9	65.9
Location of study inside Canada	6,265	3,010	3,250	51.8	50.7	52.6
Same as province or territory of residence	4,740	2,235	2,505	39.2	37.7	40.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,525	775	750	12.6	13.1	12.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,605	785	815	13.3	13.2	13.2
Americas	225	135	90	1.9	2.3	1.5
United States of America	150	95	60	1.2	1.6	1.0
Mexico	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	265	140	125	2.2	2.4	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romania	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Russian Federation	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	70	40	1.0	1.2	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Africa	85	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	995	445	545	8.2	7.5	8.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Philippines	260	105	160	2.1	1.8	2.6
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	490	235	255	4.0	4.0	4.1
Pakistan	85	35	40	0.7	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Oceania	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,115	8,505	8,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,195	6,395	5,800	...	...	...
Employed	10,825	5,730	5,100	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,370	665	705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,920	2,115	2,805	...	...	...
Participation rate	71.3	75.2	67.4	71.3	75.2	67.4
Employment rate	63.2	67.4	59.3	63.2	67.4	59.3
Unemployment rate	11.2	10.4	12.2	11.2	10.4	12.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,115	8,510	8,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,370	2,375	2,995	31.4	27.9	34.8
Worked	11,740	6,130	5,615	68.6	72.0	65.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,540	3,755	2,790	38.2	44.1	32.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,200	2,375	2,825	30.4	27.9	32.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.6	41.3	42.0	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,200	6,395	5,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	420	210	215	3.4	3.3	3.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,780	6,185	5,590	96.6	96.7	96.3
Employee	9,775	4,865	4,915	80.1	76.1	84.7
Permanent position	8,550	4,315	4,235	70.1	67.5	73.0
Temporary position	1,230	555	680	10.1	8.7	11.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	305	120	180	2.5	1.9	3.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	930	430	500	7.6	6.7	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,000	1,320	675	16.4	20.6	11.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,200	6,395	5,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	420	210	215	3.4	3.3	3.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,780	6,185	5,590	96.6	96.7	96.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	195	135	60	1.6	2.1	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,345	720	1,625	19.2	11.3	28.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	995	770	220	8.2	12.0	3.8
3 Health occupations	785	110	675	6.4	1.7	11.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,125	300	825	9.2	4.7	14.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	240	85	155	2.0	1.3	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	2,770	1,245	1,525	22.7	19.5	26.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,565	2,275	285	21.0	35.6	4.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	230	165	60	1.9	2.6	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	535	370	155	4.4	5.8	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,200	6,395	5,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	420	210	215	3.4	3.3	3.7
All industries¹⁹¹	11,780	6,185	5,590	96.6	96.7	96.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	65	55	15	0.5	0.9	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	560	300	255	4.6	4.7	4.4
22 Utilities	185	130	55	1.5	2.0	0.9
23 Construction	1,105	915	185	9.1	14.3	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	855	580	270	7.0	9.1	4.7
41 Wholesale trade	505	315	195	4.1	4.9	3.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,325	660	660	10.9	10.3	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,010	720	290	8.3	11.3	5.0
51 Information and cultural industries	165	95	65	1.4	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	470	220	250	3.9	3.4	4.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	275	135	140	2.3	2.1	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,010	605	405	8.3	9.5	7.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	475	245	230	3.9	3.8	4.0
61 Educational services	680	160	520	5.6	2.5	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	1,260	190	1,070	10.3	3.0	18.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	245	110	135	2.0	1.7	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	540	230	310	4.4	3.6	5.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	540	255	290	4.4	4.0	5.0
91 Public administration	480	255	230	3.9	4.0	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,795	6,720	6,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,070	6,305	5,765	94.3	93.8	94.8
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	75	35	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	35	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and French	50	0	45	0.4	0.0	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	595	370	225	4.7	5.5	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,795	6,720	6,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,650	6,630	6,020	98.9	98.7	99.0
Official languages	12,515	6,550	5,960	97.8	97.5	98.0
English	12,495	6,550	5,940	97.7	97.5	97.7
French	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	140	75	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	75	60	1.1	1.1	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	65	50	0.9	1.0	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	60	35	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	95	60	35	0.7	0.9	0.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	55	35	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	90	60	1.1	1.3	1.0
English and French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	140	90	50	1.1	1.3	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,795	6,720	6,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,255	6,410	5,850	95.8	95.4	96.2
English	65	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
French	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official language	355	210	140	2.8	3.1	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	355	210	140	2.8	3.1	2.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	50	30	0.6	0.7	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,825	5,725	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,665	1,210	1,455	24.6	21.1	28.6
Worked outside Canada	40	40	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,760	1,320	445	16.3	23.1	8.7
Usual place of work	6,365	3,160	3,200	58.8	55.2	62.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,365	3,160	3,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,065	410	650	16.7	13.0	20.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,015	2,570	2,445	78.8	81.3	76.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	250	155	90	3.9	4.9	2.8
Commute to a different province or territory	35	25	10	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,125	4,480	3,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,665	4,240	3,425	94.3	94.6	94.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,320	4,105	3,215	90.1	91.6	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	340	140	210	4.2	3.1	5.8
Public transit	85	40	45	1.0	0.9	1.2
Walked	140	65	80	1.7	1.5	2.2
Bicycle	30	15	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Other method	205	125	80	2.5	2.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,125	4,480	3,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,335	595	735	16.4	13.3	20.2
15 to 29 minutes	3,785	2,190	1,590	46.6	48.9	43.6
30 to 44 minutes	2,370	1,315	1,055	29.2	29.4	28.9
45 to 59 minutes	385	195	195	4.7	4.4	5.3
60 minutes and over	250	180	70	3.1	4.0	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,125	4,480	3,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	625	465	165	7.7	10.4	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,570	1,025	545	19.3	22.9	15.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,155	1,165	990	26.5	26.0	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,335	680	655	16.4	15.2	18.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,190	530	655	14.6	11.8	18.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,250	625	630	15.4	14.0	17.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,160	3,165	2,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	295	155	135	4.8	4.9	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,870	3,005	2,865	95.3	94.9	95.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,750	2,435	2,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	225	115	110	4.7	4.7	4.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	30	35	1.4	1.2	1.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	85	75	3.4	3.5	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,525	2,320	2,205	95.3	95.3	95.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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