Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Airdrie, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	74,100	...	...	14,223,942	...	...
Population, 2016¹	61,581	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.3	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,037	...	...	5,929,250	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,298	...	...	5,491,201	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	878.1	...	...	15.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	84.39	...	...	892,411.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	74,100	36,845	37,255	14,223,945	6,970,855	7,253,085
0 to 14 years	18,270	9,400	8,870	2,251,795	1,155,630	1,096,160
0 to 4 years	5,480	2,810	2,670	683,515	350,035	333,480
5 to 9 years	6,435	3,300	3,135	764,430	392,380	372,050
10 to 14 years	6,350	3,290	3,065	803,850	413,215	390,635
15 to 64 years	48,995	24,295	24,700	9,334,440	4,616,340	4,718,100
15 to 19 years	4,515	2,325	2,190	801,455	413,485	387,970
20 to 24 years	3,390	1,770	1,620	895,600	465,525	430,075
25 to 29 years	4,110	2,015	2,095	975,400	497,185	478,215
30 to 34 years	6,110	2,855	3,255	981,210	487,465	493,745
35 to 39 years	7,455	3,615	3,845	948,030	463,170	484,860
40 to 44 years	6,720	3,370	3,350	890,160	427,860	462,295
45 to 49 years	5,305	2,735	2,575	894,580	430,580	464,005
50 to 54 years	4,210	2,170	2,045	941,270	455,420	485,845
55 to 59 years	3,740	1,825	1,915	1,040,160	507,700	532,465
60 to 64 years	3,440	1,615	1,825	966,575	467,955	498,625
65 years and over	6,840	3,155	3,685	2,637,710	1,198,880	1,438,825
65 to 69 years	2,815	1,355	1,465	813,215	386,325	426,890
70 to 74 years	1,980	940	1,035	691,280	325,435	365,840
75 to 79 years	1,010	505	500	469,485	217,485	252,000
80 to 84 years	585	215	375	325,110	143,070	182,045
85 years and over	450	140	315	338,620	126,565	212,050
85 to 89 years	285	115	175	205,480	83,875	121,605
90 to 94 years	130	25	105	101,430	34,715	66,710
95 to 99 years	30	5	30	28,000	7,235	20,770
100 years and over	5	0	5	3,705	745	2,965
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.7	25.5	23.8	15.8	16.6	15.1
15 to 64 years	66.1	65.9	66.3	65.6	66.2	65.0
65 years and over	9.2	8.6	9.9	18.5	17.2	19.8
85 years and over	0.6	0.4	0.8	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	34.8	34.1	35.4	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	36.0	41.6	40.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Single-detached house	17,210	...	...	2,942,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,610	...	...	303,260	...	...
Row house	3,825	...	...	505,265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	95	...	...	181,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,265	...	...	548,785	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	984,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	10,220	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	180	...	...	14,985	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,295	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
1 person	5,050	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
2 persons	8,195	...	...	1,798,040	...	...
3 persons	4,545	...	...	872,480	...	...
4 persons	5,305	...	...	825,445	...	...
5 or more persons	3,215	...	...	542,700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	73,855	36,805	37,050	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,835	27,450	28,385	11,972,145	5,815,220	6,156,925
Married or living common-law	35,920	17,945	17,975	6,769,725	3,384,485	3,385,240
Married	29,690	14,830	14,865	5,738,390	2,866,825	2,871,565
Living common-law	6,230	3,120	3,115	1,031,340	517,665	513,670
Living common law - Never married	4,620	2,315	2,305	727,825	366,175	361,650
Living common law - Separated	265	130	130	55,440	29,445	25,995
Living common law - Divorced	1,260	640	625	220,445	110,510	109,935
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	50	27,625	11,535	16,095
Not married and not living common-law	19,910	9,500	10,410	5,202,420	2,430,735	2,771,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,275	7,280	6,000	3,515,215	1,885,705	1,629,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,550	640	915	333,775	139,675	194,100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,415	1,265	2,145	695,630	266,865	428,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,670	325	1,350	657,800	138,495	519,305
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,795	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
2 persons	8,600	...	...	1,936,595	...	...
3 persons	4,465	...	...	877,660	...	...
4 persons	5,275	...	...	811,380	...	...
5 or more persons	2,460	...	...	344,035	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,800	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
Total couple families	17,730	...	...	3,291,560	...	...
Married couples	14,610	...	...	2,776,165	...	...
With children⁶	9,360	...	...	1,571,480	...	...
Without children	5,250	...	...	1,204,680	...	...
Common-law couples	3,115	...	...	515,395	...	...
With children⁶	1,435	...	...	189,835	...	...
Without children	1,680	...	...	325,560	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,070	...	...	678,110	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,285	...	...	538,450	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	780	...	...	139,660	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	73,860	36,805	37,050	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Total - Persons in census families	64,735	32,240	32,495	11,601,460	5,741,475	5,859,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,455	17,715	17,740	6,583,120	3,292,585	3,290,525
Parents in one-parent families	3,070	780	2,290	678,110	139,660	538,450
Children⁶	26,215	13,745	12,470	4,340,235	2,309,225	2,031,005
In a two-parent family	21,220	11,120	10,105	3,281,460	1,736,630	1,544,825
In a one-parent family	4,990	2,620	2,365	1,058,775	572,595	486,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,120	4,565	4,555	2,430,295	1,146,280	1,284,010
Living alone	5,050	2,380	2,670	1,452,540	651,180	801,365
Living with other relatives⁷	1,550	660	895	388,780	155,465	233,320
Living with non-relatives only	2,520	1,525	995	588,970	339,640	249,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,300	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,235	...	...	3,347,195	...	...
Couple-family households	15,915	...	...	2,841,660	...	...
With children⁶	9,760	...	...	1,517,365	...	...
Without children	6,155	...	...	1,324,295	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,320	...	...	505,535	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	800	...	...	221,120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	140	...	...	45,215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	184,430	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	975	...	...	240,700	...	...
One-person households	5,050	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	55,595	27,410	28,190	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,830	26,005	26,830	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	63,200	40,800	41,200	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,880	26,030	26,850	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	37,200	37,200	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,715	24,655	24,060	10,010,415	4,968,685	5,041,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	60,800	33,200	36,000	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,895	22,190	20,705	8,153,180	4,198,670	3,954,510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	62,800	36,000	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,705	21,510	24,200	10,239,835	4,910,535	5,329,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,000	9,000	8,900	6,850	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,090	3,230	3,860	1,054,225	467,500	586,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,720	6,000	5,600	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,290	7,385	8,900	3,327,770	1,623,900	1,703,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,750	25,980	26,770	11,296,770	5,486,720	5,810,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,150	74,500	48,280	56,350	64,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,805	26,005	26,790	11,302,690	5,489,710	5,812,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,880	60,250	41,800	46,280	51,900	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,725	24,575	24,155	10,011,345	4,970,240	5,041,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950	71,500	42,240	52,700	62,350	43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,880	22,155	20,725	8,153,185	4,198,665	3,954,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	71,200	43,560	52,600	60,500	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,640	21,545	24,090	10,242,610	4,912,020	5,330,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,880	8,280	11,310	10,640	9,440	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,240	3,375	3,870	1,052,985	466,380	586,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	6,770	7,660	6,640	6,120	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,195	7,220	8,980	3,321,155	1,619,825	1,701,335
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,040	8,660	9,340	9,300	9,150	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	55,545	27,350	28,200	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,290	12,410	8,885	3,865,695	2,145,810	1,719,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	85,000	62,800	67,000	72,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	83,900	95,400	67,900	82,400	90,700	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,260	7,680	9,575	3,112,160	1,451,440	1,660,720
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	28,800	19,000	17,400	19,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	42,840	26,440	28,520	32,760	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	90.8	79.0	82.8	87.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.8	81.6	69.8	67.4	71.4	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.0	9.2	21.1	17.1	13.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.2	2.3	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.5	7.5	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.2	6.5	4.9	4.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	55,600	27,405	28,190	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without total income	2,760	1,400	1,365	488,030	248,310	239,725
With total income	52,835	26,005	26,830	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,280	1,530	2,750	977,950	423,650	554,300
$10,000 to $19,999	4,350	1,555	2,790	1,383,475	596,755	786,720
$20,000 to $29,999	6,480	2,505	3,975	1,752,040	763,295	988,745
$30,000 to $39,999	5,795	2,230	3,570	1,388,215	609,735	778,480
$40,000 to $49,999	5,295	2,250	3,040	1,190,885	547,655	643,230
$50,000 to $59,999	4,845	2,205	2,640	985,270	468,060	517,205
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,110	2,185	782,980	396,770	386,210
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	2,035	1,525	612,620	331,080	281,545
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	1,850	1,130	477,445	271,290	206,150
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,540	960	385,830	218,395	167,435
$100,000 and over	8,450	6,190	2,260	1,358,115	858,695	499,415
$100,000 to $149,999	6,005	4,165	1,840	897,615	538,590	359,025
$150,000 and over	2,445	2,020	420	460,495	320,105	140,395
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	55,600	27,405	28,190	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without after-tax income	2,715	1,375	1,345	482,035	245,195	236,845
With after-tax income	52,880	26,035	26,845	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,460	1,605	2,850	1,025,995	440,280	585,715
$10,000 to $19,999	4,525	1,635	2,885	1,442,850	625,100	817,750
$20,000 to $29,999	7,525	2,940	4,580	1,967,040	859,195	1,107,840
$30,000 to $39,999	6,920	2,765	4,150	1,621,120	733,430	887,690
$40,000 to $49,999	6,580	2,955	3,630	1,384,490	655,400	729,090
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680	2,845	2,830	1,068,365	535,895	532,470
$60,000 to $69,999	4,685	2,675	2,005	782,135	422,645	359,495
$70,000 to $79,999	3,550	2,240	1,315	572,210	325,895	246,315
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	1,845	1,090	457,650	249,665	207,980
$90,000 to $99,999	1,865	1,255	605	280,640	169,480	111,160
$100,000 and over	4,165	3,280	890	698,310	471,495	226,815
$100,000 to $124,999	2,245	1,675	565	344,450	223,970	120,480
$125,000 and over	1,925	1,600	320	353,860	247,525	106,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	55,600	27,405	28,190	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without employment income	12,705	5,220	7,485	3,629,670	1,535,015	2,094,650
With employment income	42,890	22,190	20,705	8,153,175	4,198,665	3,954,510
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,495	1,800	2,690	1,218,885	604,555	614,330
$5,000 to $9,999	2,920	1,155	1,765	688,670	304,845	383,825
$10,000 to $19,999	4,415	1,725	2,690	928,840	424,990	503,850
$20,000 to $29,999	3,415	1,400	2,010	696,570	325,510	371,065
$30,000 to $39,999	3,265	1,380	1,885	677,110	320,720	356,390
$40,000 to $49,999	3,410	1,585	1,825	672,005	320,925	351,080
$50,000 to $59,999	3,420	1,610	1,805	611,665	307,370	304,290
$60,000 to $69,999	3,205	1,660	1,540	519,955	278,350	241,605
$70,000 to $79,999	2,795	1,670	1,125	419,875	237,375	182,500
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,535	855	352,235	207,090	145,150
$90,000 to $99,999	2,180	1,365	815	316,750	176,135	140,615
$100,000 and over	6,985	5,295	1,690	1,050,620	690,800	359,820
$100,000 to $124,999	3,455	2,400	1,060	489,720	295,720	194,005
$125,000 and over	3,530	2,900	630	560,895	395,080	165,810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	55,595	27,410	28,190	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,685	25,440	26,240	11,051,405	5,357,685	5,693,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	65,500	39,600	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,710	25,445	26,260	11,055,345	5,358,275	5,697,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	55,600	36,000	35,600	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,125	24,360	23,765	9,877,245	4,895,500	4,981,740
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	65,000	36,400	37,600	44,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,900	22,150	20,750	8,159,090	4,190,670	3,968,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	66,500	38,400	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,270	20,525	22,745	9,643,335	4,616,005	5,027,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,520	930	4,200	2,200	1,010	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,990	2,115	2,875	723,990	308,550	415,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	4,920	7,150	5,640	5,360	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,650	25,410	26,240	11,053,285	5,358,015	5,695,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,400	76,700	46,600	53,800	62,850	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,665	25,415	26,250	11,057,080	5,358,540	5,698,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,680	61,550	40,200	44,080	50,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,225	24,255	23,970	9,878,270	4,896,015	4,982,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,250	76,400	43,960	53,250	63,150	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,880	22,080	20,800	8,160,870	4,191,675	3,969,185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,300	76,400	45,320	52,700	60,850	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,285	20,730	22,555	9,644,415	4,616,310	5,028,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,105	4,596	7,490	7,150	5,990	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,930	2,075	2,855	725,250	308,485	416,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,195	9,580	7,340	6,410	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	55,545	27,350	28,200	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	21,210	12,365	8,845	3,830,200	2,124,710	1,705,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	85,000	59,200	62,800	68,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,500	95,000	65,000	77,800	86,600	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,100	7,205	8,900	2,925,680	1,365,355	1,560,325
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	44,400	25,600	23,600	26,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,200	57,700	33,280	34,640	39,840	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	95.2	86.2	88.4	91.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	83.0	86.6	77.2	72.4	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	8.3	4.9	13.8	11.6	8.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.2	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,295	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,050	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,250	...	...	4,038,660	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,060	...	...	1,451,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,750	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,230	...	...	4,039,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	155	...	...	61,515	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	30,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	110	...	...	63,360	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...	96,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	365	...	...	186,250	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	495	...	...	168,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	465	...	...	158,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	520	...	...	175,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	605	...	...	182,900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	635	...	...	182,945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,430	...	...	370,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	...	...	364,585	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,655	...	...	350,520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,640	...	...	332,395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,585	...	...	310,400	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,755	...	...	2,455,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,965	...	...	662,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,275	...	...	500,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,130	...	...	630,420	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,385	...	...	661,550	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	69,645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	32,100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	120	...	...	65,025	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...	101,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...	197,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	555	...	...	190,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	570	...	...	183,505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	630	...	...	204,300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...	215,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	815	...	...	217,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,860	...	...	440,280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,010	...	...	430,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,000	...	...	409,865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	...	...	385,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,060	...	...	343,595	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,915	...	...	2,003,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,375	...	...	685,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	472,130	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,465	...	...	846,155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,510	...	...	3,875,790	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,340	...	...	1,361,615	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,820	...	...	1,770,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,875	...	...	610,815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,570	3,910	3,665	2,041,505	990,815	1,050,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	58,400	46,000	38,800	40,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,200	49,600	41,200	35,600	36,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,475	...	...	3,873,665	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,305	...	...	1,359,275	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,860	...	...	1,773,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,800	...	...	168,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,850	...	...	607,780	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,400	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,585	4,015	3,575	2,039,230	985,390	1,053,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,800	69,700	52,900	51,800	54,250	49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,350	56,700	45,360	43,440	44,880	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	73,855	36,805	37,055	14,031,755	6,887,755	7,143,995
0 to 17 years	21,160	10,880	10,280	2,726,265	1,400,695	1,325,570
0 to 5 years	6,730	3,415	3,320	831,185	425,620	405,560
18 to 64 years	46,065	22,795	23,270	8,795,220	4,328,780	4,466,440
65 years and over	6,640	3,130	3,505	2,510,270	1,158,280	1,351,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,450	2,000	2,450	1,420,525	664,975	755,550
0 to 17 years	1,525	765	765	314,150	161,695	152,455
0 to 5 years	505	245	255	102,930	52,570	50,360
18 to 64 years	2,400	1,055	1,345	803,215	385,100	418,120
65 years and over	520	180	340	303,160	118,180	184,980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.0	5.4	6.6	10.1	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.0	7.4	11.5	11.5	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5	7.3	7.7	12.4	12.4	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	4.6	5.8	9.1	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	7.8	5.8	9.7	12.1	10.2	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	73,860	36,805	37,050	13,977,120	6,860,325	7,116,790
0 to 17 years	21,160	10,880	10,275	2,709,120	1,391,825	1,317,290
0 to 5 years	6,735	3,410	3,320	825,865	422,885	402,980
18 to 64 years	46,060	22,795	23,270	8,763,785	4,313,030	4,450,755
65 years and over	6,635	3,130	3,510	2,504,220	1,155,470	1,348,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,850	935	910	738,795	379,035	359,760
0 to 17 years	580	305	280	126,035	64,885	61,150
0 to 5 years	190	105	85	39,415	20,100	19,315
18 to 64 years	1,190	600	590	541,410	283,705	257,710
65 years and over	75	35	45	71,350	30,450	40,900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.5	5.3	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.7	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.1	2.5	4.8	4.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.5	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.2	2.9	2.6	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	73,855	36,805	37,055	14,031,755	6,887,760	7,143,995
In bottom half of the distribution	30,385	14,585	15,795	6,516,085	3,131,205	3,384,880
In bottom decile	4,045	1,925	2,115	1,318,120	643,165	674,955
In second decile	5,065	2,285	2,780	1,283,940	594,495	689,440
In third decile	6,210	2,975	3,235	1,292,030	618,405	673,625
In fourth decile	7,145	3,505	3,640	1,296,710	628,155	668,555
In fifth decile	7,925	3,900	4,020	1,325,280	646,975	678,300
In top half of the distribution	43,470	22,220	21,255	7,515,670	3,756,555	3,759,115
In sixth decile	8,570	4,320	4,250	1,365,960	672,380	693,580
In seventh decile	8,775	4,410	4,365	1,415,070	700,525	714,550
In eighth decile	8,925	4,575	4,350	1,482,300	739,210	743,095
In ninth decile	9,310	4,755	4,550	1,581,535	794,505	787,030
In top decile	7,895	4,150	3,745	1,670,800	849,940	820,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	73,860	...	...	14,031,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.368	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.253	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English only	68,130	34,155	33,980	12,196,575	6,083,990	6,112,590
French only	60	30	30	39,310	17,190	22,125
English and French	5,340	2,445	2,895	1,519,365	678,385	840,975
Neither English nor French	485	195	290	344,545	138,355	206,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	71,955	35,840	36,115	13,179,535	6,510,015	6,669,520
French	1,330	660	670	484,425	227,550	256,875
English and French	265	140	130	98,270	45,480	52,790
Neither English nor French	465	180	280	337,560	134,870	202,685
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	71,740	35,700	36,040	13,430,605	6,594,620	6,835,990
Official languages	62,685	31,370	31,320	9,642,770	4,785,140	4,857,635
English	61,380	30,715	30,665	9,179,655	4,566,580	4,613,080
French	1,310	650	660	463,120	218,560	244,550
Non-official languages	9,050	4,335	4,715	3,787,835	1,809,480	1,978,355
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	14,475	6,735	7,740
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	13,545	6,360	7,185
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	5	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	2,815	1,365	1,455
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	2,800	1,360	1,440
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	125	55	70
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	60	20	35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	550	240	315
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	35	20	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,975	985	990
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	70	35	30
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	60	25	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10,645	4,955	5,690
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,240	2,015	2,225
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	6,365	2,920	3,445
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	280	130	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,000	2,745	3,250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	510	200	310
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	505	195	305
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	270	100	165
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	190	75	115
Oneida	0	0	0	40	10	25
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	20	5	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	30	35
Non-Indigenous languages	9,035	4,325	4,710	3,773,365	1,802,745	1,970,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	230	190	310,765	156,145	154,620
Berber languages	10	5	5	855	480	370
Kabyle	5	5	5	580	315	265
Tamazight	0	0	0	215	130	80
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Chadic languages	0	0	0	635	350	280
Hausa	0	0	0	560	315	245
Mina	0	0	0	70	35	35
Coptic	0	0	0	535	265	275
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	27,575	12,405	15,170
Bilen	0	0	0	930	495	440
Oromo	15	10	10	1,540	760	785
Somali	5	0	0	24,700	10,945	13,755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	405	215	190
Semitic languages	385	210	175	281,160	142,645	138,515
Amharic	35	15	15	12,490	5,745	6,740
Arabic	310	170	140	214,230	109,870	104,360
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	24,105	11,685	12,420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	15,665	7,535	8,125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	7,480	3,655	3,820
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	960	485	475
Harari	5	5	0	970	430	540
Hebrew	5	0	0	11,630	6,255	5,375
Maltese	0	0	0	4,120	1,950	2,175
Tigrigna	20	10	10	13,360	6,585	6,775
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	255	130	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	60	85	84,300	37,815	46,485
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	7,065	3,170	3,900
Vietnamese	130	50	80	77,085	34,585	42,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	140	60	80
Austronesian languages	1,495	660	835	208,395	83,860	124,535
Bikol	10	5	0	685	300	385
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	2,735	1,115	1,625
Cebuano	25	5	20	5,900	2,290	3,615
Fijian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	3,775	1,460	2,315
Ilocano	45	20	25	14,680	5,995	8,680
Indonesian	10	5	10	5,440	2,345	3,095
Kankanaey	0	0	0	375	160	215
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	275	115	160
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	55	70
Merina	0	0	0	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	95	40	50
Malay	5	0	0	540	220	325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	1,910	875	1,040
Pangasinan	0	0	0	750	320	430
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,315	590	725	168,845	67,675	101,175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	590	240	355
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	1,710	690	1,020
Creole languages	25	10	10	11,690	5,335	6,355
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	5,160	2,260	2,905
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	435	220	210
Krio	5	0	0	290	115	170
Morisyen	5	0	0	1,990	955	1,035
Sango	0	0	0	45	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,690	1,255	1,435
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	1,080	500	580
Dravidian languages	150	75	75	185,145	93,855	91,285
Kannada	0	0	0	4,335	2,215	2,115
Malayalam	40	15	20	32,805	17,970	14,835
Tamil	70	35	35	126,640	61,665	64,970
Telugu	35	20	15	20,715	11,690	9,030
Tulu	0	0	0	415	205	210
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	105	130
Georgian	0	0	0	1,650	890	760
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	480	225	255
Indo-European languages	5,545	2,720	2,825	2,119,610	1,032,375	1,087,230
Albanian	20	15	10	20,720	10,295	10,425
Armenian	0	0	0	14,680	7,060	7,620
Balto-Slavic languages	720	325	395	377,895	172,690	205,205
Baltic languages	15	10	5	7,425	3,050	4,370
Latvian	5	0	0	3,050	1,250	1,800
Lithuanian	10	5	0	4,370	1,800	2,570
Slavic languages	710	315	390	370,475	169,640	200,840
Belarusian	0	0	0	440	200	240
Bulgarian	10	5	5	8,565	4,050	4,520
Czech	40	15	25	9,060	4,035	5,025
Macedonian	5	0	0	13,620	6,490	7,130
Polish	155	70	80	106,275	47,780	58,495
Russian	230	100	130	104,310	46,870	57,440
Rusyn	0	0	0	225	105	115
Serbo-Croatian	110	55	55	77,145	37,410	39,740
Bosnian	35	20	15	7,140	3,495	3,650
Croatian	50	25	30	28,385	13,465	14,925
Serbian	20	10	10	40,465	19,915	20,555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,160	545	610
Slovak	25	15	10	8,675	3,910	4,765
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5,520	2,350	3,175
Ukrainian	120	50	75	36,340	16,285	20,055
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	150	135
Celtic languages	0	0	0	795	390	405
Irish	0	0	0	225	120	105
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	170	85	85
Welsh	0	0	0	320	140	175
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Germanic languages	675	325	350	167,265	78,455	88,810
Frisian	0	0	0	970	465	505
High German languages	420	205	210	102,915	47,630	55,285
German	405	195	205	89,075	40,865	48,205
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	8,895	4,435	4,460
Swiss German	15	10	10	2,390	1,125	1,265
Yiddish	0	0	0	2,555	1,200	1,350
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	215	95	115	56,725	27,350	29,375
Afrikaans	55	25	30	2,865	1,460	1,405
Dutch	135	60	70	41,240	19,735	21,505
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	1,930	965	970
Low Saxon	0	0	0	440	210	230
Plautdietsch	20	5	10	8,610	4,275	4,340
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	1,630	700	930
Scandinavian languages	45	20	25	6,440	2,905	3,530
Danish	30	10	15	3,370	1,545	1,830
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	80	95
Norwegian	10	10	0	800	350	445
Swedish	5	0	5	2,090	930	1,160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	105	115
Greek	30	20	15	47,970	23,270	24,700
Indo-Iranian languages	2,350	1,180	1,160	884,995	452,190	432,805
Indo-Aryan languages	2,045	1,035	1,015	715,085	367,815	347,270
Assamese	0	0	0	325	150	175
Bengali	45	20	20	54,990	27,905	27,085
Gujarati	85	40	40	95,785	50,450	45,340
Hindi	190	95	90	87,035	45,590	41,445
Kacchi	10	5	0	3,880	1,760	2,120
Kashmiri	0	0	0	460	230	230
Konkani	5	0	0	2,595	1,260	1,340
Marathi	15	5	10	9,460	4,875	4,585
Nepali	15	10	0	12,430	6,280	6,155
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,325	690	630
Odia	0	0	0	830	445	380
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	490	245	245
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,200	605	595	260,075	135,000	125,075
Rohingya	0	0	0	290	145	145
Sindhi	10	0	5	2,670	1,375	1,300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	11,040	5,400	5,645
Urdu	445	225	215	170,955	85,745	85,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	1,760	955	805
Iranian languages	300	150	150	169,765	84,295	85,470
Baluchi	0	0	0	335	185	150
Kurdish	25	15	15	9,120	4,850	4,275
Parsi	0	0	0	330	180	145
Pashto	20	15	15	12,780	6,585	6,195
Persian languages	250	125	125	146,700	72,240	74,460
Dari	155	75	80	34,340	16,650	17,685
Iranian Persian	45	25	20	97,135	47,970	49,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	15,230	7,615	7,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	495	260	240
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	85	65
Italic (Romance) languages	1,740	850	885	605,070	287,915	317,155
Catalan	0	0	0	285	140	140
Italian	90	50	45	194,125	92,875	101,255
Portuguese	175	85	95	153,750	73,670	80,080
Romanian	175	95	80	38,955	18,100	20,850
Spanish	1,300	630	675	217,245	102,760	114,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	370	345
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	100
Japanese	65	20	50	12,880	4,245	8,635
Korean	185	80	105	75,220	34,160	41,065
Mongolian	10	0	5	535	235	305
Niger-Congo languages	425	215	210	42,470	19,960	22,515
Akan (Twi)	65	35	30	9,325	4,405	4,915
Bamanankan	0	0	0	185	100	85
Edo	10	5	5	1,165	475	685
Éwé	5	5	0	485	235	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	480	245	230
Ga	5	5	0	510	235	275
Ganda	0	0	0	1,195	560	635
Gikuyu	15	5	5	460	180	280
Igbo	35	15	20	2,385	1,220	1,170
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	1,920	845	1,075
Lingala	5	0	0	825	350	475
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	135	55	80
Mòoré	0	0	0	60	30	30
Mwani	0	0	0	345	180	165
Ndebele	10	0	5	335	155	180
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	2,705	1,225	1,480
Shona	40	20	25	1,580	710	875
Soninke	0	0	0	195	115	75
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	230	85	150
Swahili	45	25	20	6,445	3,010	3,440
Wojenaka	0	0	0	60	35	30
Wolof	5	5	0	460	240	220
Yoruba	130	70	55	7,335	3,560	3,775
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	3,655	1,710	1,940
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	1,935	955	985
Dinka	10	5	5	325	165	160
Nuer	10	0	5	320	150	170
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	1,125	555	570
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	80	80
Sign languages	15	5	5	2,775	1,480	1,300
American Sign Language	15	5	5	2,360	1,235	1,125
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	35	20	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	225	160
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	155	185	632,250	291,600	340,655
Chinese languages	335	150	185	621,980	286,570	335,410
Hakka	5	0	5	6,215	2,860	3,350
Mandarin	130	50	80	327,470	150,700	176,770
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,015	525	495
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	10,290	4,630	5,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	4,190	1,890	2,300
Yue (Cantonese)	190	95	95	267,425	123,440	143,990
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,080	2,385	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	300	140	160
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	10,000	4,905	5,095
Burmese	0	0	0	1,540	755	790
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	440	200	240
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,765	875	895
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,530	755	775
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235	115	120
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,785	2,845	2,940
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	460	230	230
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	130	145
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	8,265	3,360	4,905
Lao	10	0	5	4,570	2,175	2,390
Thai	40	10	30	3,535	1,120	2,420
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	65	100
Turkic languages	20	15	10	32,270	17,020	15,250
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,870	1,545	1,325
Kazakh	0	0	0	255	115	135
Turkish	15	5	10	26,740	14,190	12,550
Uyghur	0	0	0	720	360	360
Uzbek	10	10	0	1,080	520	565
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	610	290	320
Uralic languages	130	60	70	42,270	19,005	23,265
Estonian	5	0	0	3,450	1,510	1,940
Finnish	20	15	10	7,650	3,210	4,445
Hungarian	105	45	55	31,170	14,290	16,875
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	460	220	240
Multiple responses	2,275	1,115	1,155	669,185	323,300	345,885
English and French	390	185	205	96,260	45,030	51,235
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	835	835	494,610	242,470	252,140
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	15,710	7,085	8,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	16,770	7,725	9,045
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	70	45,835	20,990	24,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	62,595	31,295	31,300	9,630,975	4,782,040	4,848,935
French	405	210	200	188,560	89,335	99,230
Non-official language	2,485	1,190	1,290	1,124,950	528,060	596,895
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,630	1,260	1,375
Non-Indigenous	2,485	1,190	1,290	1,122,315	526,805	595,515
English and French	985	480	505	274,675	124,275	150,400
English and non-official language(s)	7,045	3,410	3,630	2,647,980	1,289,510	1,358,470
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	14,065	6,055	8,010
English, French and non-official language(s)	290	140	155	117,430	51,870	65,565
Multiple non-official languages	180	85	95	101,145	46,775	54,370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	72,075	35,850	36,220	13,384,695	6,573,230	6,811,465
Official languages	67,200	33,495	33,705	11,165,425	5,509,035	5,656,395
English	66,610	33,200	33,410	10,910,560	5,389,445	5,521,125
French	595	295	300	254,870	119,590	135,275
Non-official languages	4,870	2,355	2,515	2,219,265	1,064,195	1,155,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	5,710	2,820	2,890
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,430	2,695	2,735
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	1,230	620	605
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	1,220	620	605
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	135	50	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,015	530	485
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20	10	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	4,185	2,060	2,120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	1,985	995	985
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	2,195	1,065	1,125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,070	1,005	1,065
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15	5	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	150	65	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	150	65	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	5	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	50	20	25
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous languages	4,870	2,355	2,515	2,213,555	1,061,375	1,152,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	90	95	181,660	88,245	93,420
Berber languages	5	0	5	365	195	170
Kabyle	5	0	5	220	115	100
Tamazight	0	0	0	100	55	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Chadic languages	0	0	0	355	180	170
Hausa	0	0	0	325	165	155
Mina	0	0	0	30	10	15
Coptic	0	0	0	255	125	130
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	16,105	7,125	8,980
Bilen	0	0	0	800	440	355
Oromo	5	5	0	840	385	455
Somali	0	0	0	14,230	6,180	8,050
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	115	115
Semitic languages	175	85	90	164,590	80,620	83,970
Amharic	20	15	10	6,405	2,865	3,545
Arabic	125	50	70	124,865	61,605	63,260
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	18,120	8,680	9,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	11,870	5,645	6,225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5,550	2,685	2,865
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	705	345	355
Harari	0	0	0	515	225	290
Hebrew	0	0	0	4,925	2,505	2,415
Maltese	0	0	0	770	350	420
Tigrigna	10	5	5	8,870	4,335	4,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	55,990	25,430	30,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	3,855	1,705	2,150
Vietnamese	65	30	35	52,080	23,700	28,380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55	25	30
Austronesian languages	890	425	470	115,225	50,755	64,470
Bikol	0	0	0	255	115	140
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5	1,355	600	760
Cebuano	20	10	10	3,140	1,380	1,760
Fijian	0	0	0	20	15	5
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	1,960	860	1,100
Ilocano	25	10	10	8,105	3,635	4,465
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,990	930	1,055
Kankanaey	0	0	0	210	100	110
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	110	55	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	45	15	35
Merina	0	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Malay	0	0	0	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	990	455	535
Pangasinan	0	0	0	250	115	140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	380	420	95,635	41,970	53,660
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	230	90	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	785	355	435
Creole languages	10	5	5	6,165	2,705	3,460
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	2,640	1,115	1,525
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	195	75	115
Krio	0	0	0	140	60	85
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,425	685	735
Sango	0	0	0	30	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,325	565	760
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	420	195	225
Dravidian languages	110	50	55	129,245	64,385	64,855
Kannada	0	0	0	2,165	1,110	1,055
Malayalam	20	10	15	20,855	11,325	9,535
Tamil	65	30	30	93,165	44,735	48,425
Telugu	20	10	10	12,805	7,095	5,710
Tulu	0	0	0	145	65	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	60
Georgian	0	0	0	1,040	570	475
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	185	85	95
Indo-European languages	3,045	1,490	1,550	1,136,460	553,970	582,490
Albanian	0	0	0	9,880	4,875	5,005
Armenian	0	0	0	8,590	4,035	4,545
Balto-Slavic languages	320	150	175	181,290	84,870	96,420
Baltic languages	5	5	5	1,640	700	940
Latvian	0	0	0	535	225	310
Lithuanian	5	5	5	1,105	470	630
Slavic languages	315	145	165	179,650	84,175	95,475
Belarusian	0	0	0	145	70	75
Bulgarian	10	0	5	4,100	1,955	2,140
Czech	15	5	5	2,555	1,180	1,375
Macedonian	0	0	0	5,535	2,590	2,945
Polish	50	20	25	45,800	21,280	24,515
Russian	140	70	75	66,045	30,625	35,420
Rusyn	0	0	0	120	70	50
Serbo-Croatian	45	25	25	35,980	17,375	18,610
Bosnian	20	10	10	3,450	1,670	1,780
Croatian	20	10	10	9,990	4,660	5,335
Serbian	5	5	0	22,145	10,850	11,295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	400	195	205
Slovak	10	5	5	3,070	1,470	1,600
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,000	420	580
Ukrainian	50	20	30	15,235	7,100	8,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	40	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	140	75	65
Irish	0	0	0	65	35	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	25	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	45	15	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Germanic languages	70	30	40	40,600	19,895	20,700
Frisian	0	0	0	85	45	45
High German languages	45	25	20	28,670	14,000	14,665
German	45	20	20	20,680	10,015	10,670
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,180	3,590	3,590
Swiss German	0	0	0	560	280	280
Yiddish	0	0	0	250	115	130
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	11,190	5,540	5,650
Afrikaans	15	5	5	1,175	595	580
Dutch	10	5	5	4,055	2,000	2,050
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,265	630	640
Low Saxon	0	0	0	185	85	100
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	4,415	2,185	2,235
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	95	40	50
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	620	300	315
Danish	0	0	0	210	90	115
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Swedish	0	0	0	310	160	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	20
Greek	15	10	5	19,065	8,615	10,455
Indo-Iranian languages	1,685	830	855	601,605	304,195	297,410
Indo-Aryan languages	1,485	735	750	487,535	248,975	238,560
Assamese	0	0	0	145	75	70
Bengali	30	15	15	34,830	17,260	17,570
Gujarati	70	35	35	63,145	32,735	30,405
Hindi	120	60	65	52,420	27,250	25,175
Kacchi	0	0	0	1,655	725	925
Kashmiri	0	0	0	145	65	75
Konkani	0	0	0	640	295	345
Marathi	0	0	0	4,975	2,540	2,440
Nepali	5	5	5	8,910	4,555	4,355
Oriya languages	0	0	0	655	345	310
Odia	0	0	0	420	220	200
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	230	125	110
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	470	480	198,670	103,170	95,495
Rohingya	0	0	0	220	105	110
Sindhi	5	0	5	1,390	700	690
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	5,795	2,870	2,925
Urdu	265	135	135	113,020	55,810	57,215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	930	470	455
Iranian languages	200	95	105	114,005	55,190	58,815
Baluchi	0	0	0	195	105	90
Kurdish	10	5	5	5,560	2,815	2,740
Parsi	0	0	0	170	80	90
Pashto	20	5	15	8,670	4,315	4,360
Persian languages	170	85	90	99,095	47,705	51,395
Dari	120	55	65	21,150	10,030	11,120
Iranian Persian	30	15	10	67,320	32,510	34,810
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	10,625	5,160	5,465
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	310	170	135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages	945	470	480	275,210	127,365	147,850
Catalan	0	0	0	105	50	55
Italian	15	5	5	58,670	24,180	34,495
Portuguese	75	35	40	74,745	35,620	39,120
Romanian	95	45	45	17,755	8,280	9,480
Spanish	760	375	385	123,690	59,125	64,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	110	130
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	45	40
Japanese	35	15	25	5,875	2,485	3,390
Korean	140	65	75	53,585	24,865	28,720
Mongolian	5	0	0	290	145	145
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	50	16,065	7,275	8,785
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	4,370	1,945	2,425
Bamanankan	0	0	0	80	40	40
Edo	0	0	0	270	105	170
Éwé	0	0	0	120	50	65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	220	110	115
Ga	0	0	0	170	70	100
Ganda	0	0	0	345	160	180
Gikuyu	0	0	0	70	35	35
Igbo	0	0	5	660	330	330
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	775	330	445
Lingala	0	0	0	330	135	190
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	35	10	25
Mòoré	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mwani	0	0	0	80	40	35
Ndebele	5	0	5	115	55	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,375	630	750
Shona	15	10	5	450	195	250
Soninke	0	0	0	105	60	40
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Swahili	10	10	5	2,775	1,250	1,525
Wojenaka	0	0	0	35	25	15
Wolof	0	0	0	165	80	80
Yoruba	35	15	20	2,640	1,200	1,435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	835	400	435
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	820	380	440
Dinka	0	0	0	125	55	70
Nuer	0	0	0	185	80	110
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	460	220	240
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	25	20
Sign languages	20	15	5	5,010	2,900	2,115
American Sign Language	15	15	0	3,920	2,240	1,680
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	50	30	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,035	625	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	105	469,325	219,365	249,965
Chinese languages	175	80	100	461,870	215,705	246,165
Hakka	0	0	0	2,540	1,170	1,370
Mandarin	75	30	50	253,860	120,260	133,600
Min Dong	0	0	0	650	310	340
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	4,890	2,195	2,700
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	2,765	1,300	1,465
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	55	193,955	88,915	105,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,090	1,495	1,595
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	7,310	3,585	3,720
Burmese	0	0	0	960	460	505
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	305	140	165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,275	640	630
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,105	555	550
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	85	80
Tibetan	0	0	0	4,540	2,245	2,300
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	70	80
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	3,995	1,875	2,120
Lao	5	5	5	2,395	1,145	1,245
Thai	10	5	5	1,520	700	820
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	55
Turkic languages	20	10	5	19,965	10,165	9,800
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	1,445	715	730
Kazakh	0	0	0	40	20	20
Turkish	5	5	5	17,160	8,770	8,390
Uyghur	0	0	0	490	250	240
Uzbek	10	10	0	580	285	300
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	125	130
Uralic languages	50	25	30	12,465	5,690	6,780
Estonian	0	0	0	485	180	300
Finnish	10	5	5	1,140	500	640
Hungarian	35	20	20	10,835	5,000	5,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	90	100
Multiple responses	1,945	970	975	715,095	344,690	370,405
English and French	200	105	95	59,725	27,005	32,720
English and non-official language(s)	1,670	830	835	624,265	303,790	320,480
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	6,475	2,810	3,665
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	12,185	5,465	6,715
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	12,445	5,620	6,825
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	74,020	36,820	37,195	14,099,790	6,917,915	7,181,870
None	67,085	33,485	33,600	11,528,735	5,680,910	5,847,825
English	2,065	1,010	1,055	903,960	442,585	461,380
French	690	335	350	189,420	84,900	104,520
Non-official language	3,340	1,580	1,760	1,136,770	544,150	592,620
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	9,310	4,115	5,190
Non-Indigenous	3,335	1,575	1,755	1,127,465	540,035	587,425
English and French	40	15	25	16,580	7,565	9,020
English and non-official language(s)	285	140	145	140,865	70,400	70,470
French and non-official language(s)	135	60	70	52,565	22,740	29,820
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	2,920	1,450	1,465
Multiple non-official languages	375	185	185	127,975	63,220	64,755
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Official languages	73,325	36,590	36,735	13,688,615	6,750,410	6,938,210
English	73,245	36,560	36,690	13,650,230	6,733,550	6,916,680
French	5,410	2,500	2,910	1,550,545	690,530	860,020
Non-official languages	13,445	6,500	6,940	5,058,180	2,428,200	2,629,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	29,850	13,765	16,080
Algonquian languages	25	10	20	26,775	12,415	14,355
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	5,205	2,540	2,670
Atikamekw	0	0	0	15	0	15
Cree languages	20	10	15	5,155	2,520	2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	335	180	150
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	200	70	130
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	1,165	510	655
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	135	50	90
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	95	60	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,340	1,685	1,650
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	15	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	295	120	170
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	250	105	150
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,560	9,880	11,680
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	135	65	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	6,260	2,945	3,315
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	15,530	7,035	8,500
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	1,295	510	785
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	210	80	130
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	115	65	55
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	14,155	6,465	7,690
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	35
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	115	65	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	105	60	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	30	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	25	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	1,000	445	550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	25	15	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	25	15	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	970	425	540
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	1,625	650	980
Cayuga	0	0	0	210	85	125
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,220	465	755
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	135	45	85
Salish languages	0	0	0	65	45	20
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	65	50	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	20	15	0
Dakota	0	0	0	15	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	20	20	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	45
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	245	125	120
Non-Indigenous languages	13,415	6,490	6,920	5,029,345	2,414,910	2,614,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	790	400	395	481,620	242,565	239,050
Berber languages	0	0	0	1,570	845	725
Kabyle	0	0	0	950	490	460
Tamazight	0	0	0	475	270	205
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	125	95
Chadic languages	10	0	10	2,210	1,060	1,140
Hausa	10	0	10	2,005	955	1,045
Mina	0	0	0	200	105	95
Coptic	0	0	0	2,130	1,000	1,130
Cushitic languages	25	15	15	41,520	19,095	22,425
Bilen	0	0	0	1,335	750	585
Oromo	25	15	10	2,950	1,400	1,550
Somali	0	0	0	36,825	16,695	20,135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	445	370
Semitic languages	760	380	375	443,215	225,035	218,175
Amharic	45	15	25	22,815	11,015	11,800
Arabic	650	325	325	342,860	175,790	167,075
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	33,950	16,770	17,175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	21,640	10,590	11,045
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	11,170	5,565	5,605
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,685	860	820
Harari	0	0	0	1,610	720	890
Hebrew	40	20	20	47,380	24,020	23,360
Maltese	0	0	0	6,055	2,840	3,210
Tigrigna	30	15	15	19,755	9,645	10,105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	685	410	270
Austro-Asiatic languages	210	80	130	115,355	52,805	62,550
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	10,085	4,540	5,535
Vietnamese	200	75	125	105,800	48,475	57,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	275	100	180
Austronesian languages	2,175	925	1,245	292,100	117,695	174,400
Bikol	40	20	20	1,345	565	785
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	30	3,410	1,370	2,040
Cebuano	100	35	60	11,100	4,270	6,835
Fijian	0	0	0	210	110	100
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	6,435	2,535	3,900
Ilocano	80	30	45	26,205	10,300	15,905
Indonesian	40	25	15	8,175	3,680	4,495
Kankanaey	0	0	0	620	255	365
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	310	130	180
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	270	115	150
Merina	0	0	0	35	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	235	110	125
Malay	0	0	0	4,370	1,965	2,410
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	10	3,390	1,395	1,990
Pangasinan	20	10	10	1,610	650	960
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,060	875	1,185	271,450	108,415	163,035
Waray-Waray	35	20	15	1,810	705	1,105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	6,850	2,845	4,005
Creole languages	125	50	65	36,585	16,590	19,990
Haitian Creole	40	15	25	14,220	6,345	7,875
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	3,385	1,515	1,870
Krio	0	0	0	650	240	410
Morisyen	0	0	0	5,645	2,735	2,910
Sango	0	0	0	270	105	165
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,235	4,450	5,785
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	4,065	1,960	2,105
Dravidian languages	260	155	110	272,060	139,105	132,950
Kannada	10	0	0	12,930	6,720	6,215
Malayalam	40	20	20	48,025	26,105	21,915
Tamil	140	80	60	192,890	96,245	96,645
Telugu	90	60	25	38,190	21,290	16,905
Tulu	0	0	0	1,225	655	570
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	685	285	395
Georgian	0	0	0	2,170	1,110	1,060
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	555	280	275
Indo-European languages	8,115	4,080	4,035	2,941,400	1,441,975	1,499,430
Albanian	25	20	0	26,725	13,445	13,275
Armenian	0	0	0	19,610	9,460	10,150
Balto-Slavic languages	970	435	530	470,080	219,210	250,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	9,715	4,055	5,665
Latvian	0	0	0	4,215	1,830	2,385
Lithuanian	0	0	0	5,520	2,240	3,280
Slavic languages	970	435	530	462,520	216,100	246,420
Belarusian	0	0	0	1,630	685	950
Bulgarian	0	0	0	11,310	5,545	5,765
Czech	75	35	40	13,130	6,040	7,090
Macedonian	20	10	15	21,070	10,020	11,045
Polish	185	85	95	134,980	61,800	73,180
Russian	375	170	210	155,340	72,230	83,115
Rusyn	0	0	0	295	155	140
Serbo-Croatian	215	95	125	102,885	50,515	52,365
Bosnian	130	50	75	13,895	6,925	6,970
Croatian	90	35	55	48,075	23,410	24,670
Serbian	40	15	30	58,045	28,685	29,355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,850	950	905
Slovak	40	20	20	11,725	5,340	6,385
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	7,235	3,205	4,025
Ukrainian	135	60	75	58,355	26,140	32,215
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	255	250
Celtic languages	10	0	10	4,115	2,125	1,990
Irish	0	0	0	2,345	1,300	1,045
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	715	330	375
Welsh	0	0	0	810	360	450
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	125
Germanic languages	1,050	485	560	257,270	123,000	134,270
Frisian	0	0	0	1,750	895	855
High German languages	700	335	360	175,485	84,625	90,855
German	665	320	340	158,120	75,990	82,125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,370	5,150	5,220
Swiss German	45	20	20	3,485	1,670	1,815
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,100	2,995	3,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	315	145	170	78,435	37,515	40,920
Afrikaans	100	40	60	9,255	4,785	4,470
Dutch	170	85	95	55,040	25,820	29,215
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	0	2,185	1,095	1,095
Low Saxon	0	0	0	595	275	310
Plautdietsch	30	20	15	10,245	5,150	5,095
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,040	910	1,135
Scandinavian languages	85	35	50	12,565	5,670	6,895
Danish	40	20	25	5,175	2,265	2,905
Icelandic	0	0	0	390	165	220
Norwegian	20	0	20	2,385	1,175	1,210
Swedish	20	15	0	5,340	2,460	2,885
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	480	255	225
Greek	55	25	30	76,320	37,385	38,945
Indo-Iranian languages	3,210	1,675	1,530	1,244,895	639,965	604,930
Indo-Aryan languages	2,805	1,495	1,310	1,049,480	542,040	507,440
Assamese	0	0	0	725	355	370
Bengali	55	30	25	76,980	39,455	37,525
Gujarati	155	90	65	143,240	75,090	68,150
Hindi	1,040	550	490	436,125	227,165	208,965
Kacchi	15	0	10	8,140	3,695	4,450
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Konkani	0	0	0	6,745	3,165	3,585
Marathi	30	20	10	24,775	12,710	12,065
Nepali	20	15	0	17,110	8,645	8,465
Oriya languages	0	0	0	2,545	1,320	1,225
Odia	0	0	0	1,430	775	655
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,130	560	575
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,760	925	835	397,865	208,905	188,955
Rohingya	0	0	0	370	155	215
Sindhi	60	30	30	5,595	2,940	2,655
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	20	21,630	10,975	10,655
Urdu	720	400	320	295,175	149,300	145,875
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,965	3,315	2,650
Iranian languages	455	220	240	210,370	105,605	104,765
Baluchi	0	0	0	520	285	235
Kurdish	30	20	15	13,870	7,530	6,340
Parsi	0	0	0	525	310	215
Pashto	15	10	0	20,790	10,880	9,910
Persian languages	420	190	225	183,830	91,790	92,040
Dari	255	115	140	47,640	23,410	24,235
Iranian Persian	100	55	50	122,305	61,280	61,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	75	35	45	16,615	8,475	8,140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	510	535
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,300	715	580
Italic (Romance) languages	2,990	1,525	1,470	922,975	437,590	485,385
Catalan	0	0	0	770	415	355
Italian	280	155	125	312,800	149,440	163,360
Portuguese	285	130	155	208,575	101,175	107,390
Romanian	240	135	105	48,315	22,450	25,865
Spanish	2,315	1,170	1,140	401,205	187,785	213,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,355	1,325	1,030
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	510	405
Japanese	125	60	60	30,705	13,895	16,810
Korean	295	130	160	90,475	41,165	49,310
Mongolian	0	0	0	745	315	430
Niger-Congo languages	970	495	475	106,850	50,070	56,780
Akan (Twi)	105	55	55	17,570	8,065	9,510
Bamanankan	0	0	0	760	395	365
Edo	30	15	10	3,210	1,370	1,835
Éwé	10	10	0	1,195	610	580
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	1,010	530	480
Ga	10	0	10	1,870	785	1,080
Ganda	0	0	0	2,760	1,145	1,615
Gikuyu	25	10	10	1,080	420	660
Igbo	145	80	65	8,115	3,985	4,130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	4,020	1,705	2,315
Lingala	0	0	0	7,315	3,255	4,065
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	1,050	480	570
Mòoré	0	0	0	235	135	100
Mwani	15	10	10	520	265	255
Ndebele	25	10	15	855	380	475
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	4,895	2,250	2,650
Shona	65	35	30	3,040	1,345	1,695
Soninke	0	0	0	290	185	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	630	265	365
Swahili	110	40	60	24,360	11,850	12,510
Wojenaka	0	0	0	260	130	130
Wolof	15	10	0	1,495	740	755
Yoruba	385	200	175	24,375	11,775	12,600
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	50	50	12,825	6,130	6,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	20	20	3,210	1,560	1,645
Dinka	0	0	0	470	255	215
Nuer	0	0	0	585	260	325
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	2,155	1,040	1,115
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	415
Sign languages	85	25	60	18,990	7,515	11,475
American Sign Language	65	20	40	16,685	6,460	10,225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	380	155	225
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	2,600	1,185	1,420
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	200	215	747,160	348,570	398,590
Chinese languages	395	190	200	734,190	342,245	391,950
Hakka	0	0	0	8,760	4,120	4,640
Mandarin	245	120	125	467,415	214,895	252,520
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,450	690	765
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	18,020	8,040	9,985
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	6,720	3,010	3,710
Yue (Cantonese)	195	100	100	352,135	163,575	188,560
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,200	2,505	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	515	245	275
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	0	13,135	6,410	6,735
Burmese	0	0	0	2,570	1,255	1,315
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	600	265	330
Karenic languages	0	0	0	2,255	1,120	1,135
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	1,970	1,005	965
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	170	215
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,475	3,675	3,800
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	980	445	540
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	250	315
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	12,655	5,555	7,105
Lao	10	10	0	7,370	3,450	3,915
Thai	65	25	45	6,200	2,485	3,720
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	335	135	195
Turkic languages	20	0	10	52,195	27,335	24,860
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	5,910	3,215	2,695
Kazakh	0	0	0	710	320	395
Turkish	20	0	10	44,815	23,570	21,245
Uyghur	0	0	0	825	430	400
Uzbek	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,055
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,075	465	610
Uralic languages	165	90	75	52,025	23,840	28,185
Estonian	0	0	0	4,010	1,745	2,260
Finnish	20	10	10	9,455	4,035	5,420
Hungarian	130	65	60	38,690	18,095	20,600
Other languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	2,145	990	1,155
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,630	1,790	1,840	406,585	195,100	211,495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,465	1,690	1,775	389,955	187,485	202,470
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,245	605	635	251,030	120,545	130,485
Métis	2,180	1,065	1,115	134,615	64,850	69,765
Inuk (Inuit)	35	20	20	4,310	2,090	2,220
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	35	25	7,115	3,225	3,890
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	40	9,515	4,385	5,130
Non-Indigenous identity	70,165	35,000	35,165	13,625,165	6,692,470	6,932,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	765	390	365	172,535	82,960	89,580
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	73,035	36,395	36,635	13,859,215	6,804,610	7,054,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Owner	20,850	...	...	3,755,720	...	...
Renter	5,445	...	...	1,724,970	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	10,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Condominium	5,595	...	...	822,780	...	...
Not condominium	20,695	...	...	4,668,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	48,740	...	...
1 bedroom	1,150	...	...	769,570	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,925	...	...	1,205,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,530	...	...	1,918,935	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,630	...	...	1,548,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,295	...	...	1,579,320	...	...
5 rooms	4,130	...	...	775,580	...	...
6 rooms	4,445	...	...	791,100	...	...
7 rooms	3,930	...	...	708,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,495	...	...	1,636,990	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,765	...	...	5,328,575	...	...
More than one person per room	525	...	...	162,625	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Suitable	25,325	...	...	5,122,185	...	...
Not suitable	965	...	...	369,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1960 or before	230	...	...	1,247,430	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,250	...	...	1,456,110	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,600	...	...	711,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,070	...	...	644,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,210	...	...	385,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,165	...	...	348,760	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,115	...	...	328,735	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,650	...	...	369,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,730	...	...	5,177,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	560	...	...	314,050	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,435	...	...	2,677,880	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,650	...	...	2,506,110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,210	...	...	307,210	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,295	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
15 to 24 years	530	...	...	126,385	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,655	...	...	727,305	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,680	...	...	930,410	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,510	...	...	1,013,210	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,105	...	...	1,149,345	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,660	...	...	876,960	...	...
75 to 84 years	920	...	...	481,250	...	...
85 years and over	245	...	...	186,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,265	...	...	5,415,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	20,805	...	...	4,103,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,455	...	...	1,312,095	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,020	...	...	1,169,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,295	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,630	...	...	1,802,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,115	...	...	1,150,405	...	...
Not suitable only	765	...	...	262,900	...	...
Major repairs needed only	395	...	...	201,870	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	185	...	...	74,930	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	80,990	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	25,420	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	5,765	...	...
Acceptable housing	19,665	...	...	3,688,915	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,830	...	...	5,272,360	...	...
In core need	1,990	...	...	639,805	...	...
Not in core need	23,840	...	...	4,632,550	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,850	...	...	3,718,255	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.3	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.9	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,960	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,900	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	418,400	...	...	807,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,445	...	...	1,722,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	1.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.7	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.6	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,606	...	...	1,408	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	10,510	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,155	590	565	169,090	81,790	87,305
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,100	575	525	166,095	80,470	85,625
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	535	275	260	136,445	65,890	70,555
Métis single ancestry	550	290	260	27,835	13,715	14,120
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	1,810	860	955
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	15	40	3,000	1,320	1,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	15	40	2,660	1,165	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	175	75	100
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	115	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	50	30	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,580	1,745	1,835	351,395	168,170	183,220
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,505	1,710	1,790	342,985	164,410	178,575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,855	945	915	246,415	118,170	128,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,610	755	860	93,245	44,675	48,575
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	25	3,325	1,570	1,755
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	30	40	8,405	3,760	4,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	40	7,595	3,465	4,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	535	205	335
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	80	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	60	10	45
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	69,055	34,450	34,605	13,511,270	6,637,605	6,873,660
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	69,035	34,545	34,495	12,633,260	6,196,980	6,436,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,405	10,555	9,855	2,554,125	1,312,480	1,241,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	48,635	23,990	24,635	10,079,140	4,884,505	5,194,635
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,755	2,245	2,515	1,398,490	690,590	707,905
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	60,875	30,480	30,390	9,437,320	4,691,825	4,745,495
Immigrants⁸¹	12,525	6,065	6,460	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,605
Before 1980	1,410	755	650	860,305	403,270	457,030
1980 to 1990	880	460	420	506,195	241,800	264,390
1991 to 2000	1,515	715	795	852,765	399,470	453,295
2001 to 2010	3,305	1,560	1,745	941,630	439,390	502,240
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,425	2,570	2,850	1,045,695	501,050	544,645
2011 to 2015	2,840	1,410	1,430	461,010	216,545	244,470
2016 to 2021	2,585	1,165	1,420	584,680	284,505	300,175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	390	240	150	387,850	210,765	177,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,530	6,070	6,460	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Under 5 years	1,290	680	610	375,395	188,360	187,030
5 to 14 years	2,500	1,235	1,265	734,680	369,755	364,925
15 to 24 years	2,270	1,020	1,245	840,165	375,990	464,175
25 to 44 years	5,570	2,760	2,815	1,851,675	869,160	982,515
45 years and over	905	375	525	404,670	181,710	222,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,530	6,070	6,460	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Americas	2,310	1,130	1,180	629,550	280,635	348,910
Brazil	95	45	55	23,125	10,700	12,420
Colombia	260	100	155	32,520	14,630	17,890
El Salvador	185	95	90	21,780	10,575	11,200
Guyana	25	15	10	77,635	34,275	43,360
Haiti	25	15	15	11,375	5,000	6,380
Jamaica	265	145	115	122,770	52,770	70,000
Mexico	280	135	150	33,380	15,340	18,040
Peru	35	20	15	11,455	5,025	6,435
Trinidad and Tobago	60	35	25	52,750	23,490	29,260
United States of America	575	255	315	111,390	49,035	62,355
Other places of birth in Americas	505	265	245	131,370	59,810	71,560
Europe	2,945	1,475	1,475	1,049,725	500,520	549,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	40	45	21,150	10,365	10,780
Croatia	50	25	25	24,270	11,860	12,405
France	55	25	35	15,240	7,305	7,930
Germany	235	110	130	54,275	25,665	28,610
Greece	10	10	0	31,650	15,385	16,265
Hungary	60	40	20	18,530	8,555	9,975
Italy	65	40	20	135,640	66,885	68,750
Netherlands	90	30	55	39,490	20,295	19,195
Poland	160	85	75	88,785	39,620	49,160
Portugal	45	20	25	95,490	46,635	48,855
Romania	150	85	60	40,475	18,690	21,780
Russian Federation	115	55	60	44,165	19,010	25,155
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	22,295	10,790	11,505
Ukraine	140	60	80	43,070	19,255	23,820
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,225	620	610	239,485	115,580	123,910
Other places of birth in Europe	445	220	220	135,725	64,620	71,100
Africa	1,830	920	910	287,920	140,080	147,840
Algeria	0	0	0	4,355	2,160	2,195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	10,220	4,585	5,640
Egypt	85	40	45	39,345	20,480	18,865
Eritrea	35	15	15	14,200	7,255	6,950
Ethiopia	35	15	20	19,415	9,050	10,365
Morocco	45	25	25	8,105	3,805	4,300
Nigeria	705	380	330	37,420	18,840	18,580
Somalia	0	0	0	20,335	8,590	11,745
South Africa, Republic of	145	60	80	21,540	10,620	10,915
Other places of birth in Africa	745	380	370	112,985	54,690	58,290
Asia	5,360	2,490	2,870	2,225,590	1,056,605	1,168,985
Afghanistan	220	100	120	38,580	19,100	19,480
Iran⁸⁸	65	40	30	103,795	52,260	51,535
Iraq	55	35	20	63,255	31,725	31,525
Lebanon	95	60	35	38,170	19,650	18,515
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	45,685	22,995	22,695
Turkey	0	0	0	20,795	11,105	9,690
China⁹⁰	160	75	80	355,955	159,035	196,925
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	10	35	108,480	50,730	57,750
Korea, South⁹²	220	100	120	62,750	28,690	34,060
Taiwan	15	10	0	18,105	7,825	10,275
Philippines	1,980	845	1,135	268,580	109,035	159,545
Viet Nam	120	55	70	86,315	39,175	47,140
Bangladesh	45	25	25	46,260	23,520	22,740
India	1,435	700	735	495,750	249,975	245,780
Pakistan	455	220	230	165,530	83,050	82,475
Sri Lanka	105	40	60	112,730	54,625	58,100
Other places of birth in Asia	335	175	165	194,855	94,100	100,750
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	55	30	13,810	7,140	6,670
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,585	1,165	1,420	584,680	284,500	300,180
Americas	500	255	245	68,450	32,815	35,635
Brazil	50	30	20	8,725	4,095	4,625
Colombia	45	15	30	4,260	1,825	2,440
Haiti	0	0	0	1,550	705	845
Jamaica	70	35	35	9,970	5,205	4,770
Mexico	80	35	45	5,810	2,740	3,065
United States of America	135	75	65	17,945	8,895	9,045
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	3,400	1,500	1,900
Other places of birth in Americas	105	60	50	16,795	7,840	8,955
Europe	335	155	180	47,295	23,945	23,345
France	30	15	15	3,225	1,665	1,560
Germany	10	0	0	1,685	885	795
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	2,225	1,465	760
Italy	10	0	0	1,770	1,040	730
Russian Federation	25	0	20	5,150	2,010	3,135
Ukraine	50	25	20	6,035	2,675	3,360
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	15	35	8,000	4,820	3,180
Other places of birth in Europe	160	80	75	19,200	9,375	9,830
Africa	475	225	250	64,910	32,295	32,615
Algeria	0	0	0	1,130	545	585
Burundi	0	0	0	1,790	815	970
Cameroon	30	10	20	1,585	750	830
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	2,275	1,020	1,260
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,085	495	595
Egypt	0	0	0	6,370	3,230	3,145
Eritrea	15	10	0	7,145	3,795	3,350
Ethiopia	10	10	0	3,480	1,595	1,880
Morocco	25	10	10	1,890	910	980
Nigeria	260	130	125	16,570	8,335	8,230
Somalia	0	0	0	3,345	1,775	1,570
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	25	2,915	1,455	1,460
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	2,095	1,075	1,015
Tunisia	0	0	0	820	390	430
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	45	12,405	6,105	6,305
Asia	1,255	520	730	401,940	194,220	207,725
Afghanistan	25	0	20	7,225	3,550	3,675
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,710	3,970	3,735
China⁹⁰	45	20	20	54,645	22,895	31,750
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,620	1,095	1,525
India	420	195	225	139,660	73,185	66,470
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,215	6,335	6,880
Iraq	0	0	0	12,940	6,415	6,525
Israel	0	0	0	2,270	1,175	1,100
Japan	0	0	0	1,460	345	1,115
Jordan	0	0	0	2,610	1,340	1,270
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	25	6,935	2,855	4,075
Lebanon	20	0	20	4,365	2,185	2,175
Nepal	10	0	0	2,445	1,240	1,200
Pakistan	25	0	20	23,970	11,805	12,170
Philippines	580	230	345	45,235	19,170	26,070
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	6,110	3,300	2,805
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	5,895	2,770	3,120
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	30,180	15,370	14,805
Turkey	0	0	0	7,060	3,835	3,225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	5,310	2,785	2,520
Viet Nam	0	0	0	6,020	2,205	3,815
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	25	14,075	6,380	7,700
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	2,090	1,230	855
Australia	10	0	10	1,620	985	640
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	470	250	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,525	6,640	6,885	4,725,795	2,259,845	2,465,955
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,830	6,355	6,470	3,180,170	1,594,980	1,585,195
Third generation or more¹⁰²	47,440	23,795	23,645	6,125,785	3,032,745	3,093,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,120	5,310	5,810	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,240	3,075	3,160	1,669,195	831,060	838,135
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,345	1,415	920	697,905	424,975	272,930
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,895	1,660	2,230	971,295	406,090	565,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,380	1,505	1,880	1,037,680	420,725	616,955
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,355	650	710	587,735	306,430	281,310
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	75	65	51,675	23,490	28,180
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,120	5,310	5,810	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	610	330	280	262,835	139,045	123,790
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,860	845	1,010	289,330	131,810	157,520
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	420	210	210	79,320	39,275	40,050
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	635	365	270	179,715	85,115	94,595
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	30	20	19,030	7,670	11,360
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,550	3,530	4,020	2,516,055	1,178,800	1,337,255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,050	7,470	7,585	4,817,360	2,350,135	2,467,230
South Asian	3,825	2,020	1,810	1,515,295	779,270	736,020
Chinese	660	345	310	820,245	388,310	431,935
Black	3,530	1,790	1,740	768,740	365,800	402,940
Filipino	2,745	1,195	1,550	363,650	157,580	206,070
Arab	605	325	280	284,215	146,815	137,395
Latin American	1,595	805	790	249,190	119,360	129,830
Southeast Asian	435	180	255	167,845	79,270	88,580
West Asian	375	195	185	212,185	106,670	105,520
Korean	310	135	170	99,425	46,800	52,625
Japanese	160	60	95	31,420	13,690	17,730
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	85	100	124,120	59,280	64,835
Multiple visible minorities	625	340	290	181,025	87,280	93,750
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,740	29,320	29,420	9,214,395	4,537,435	4,676,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Canadian	11,620	5,970	5,655	1,621,655	815,240	806,415
English	16,480	8,160	8,315	2,347,685	1,145,055	1,202,630
Irish	12,095	6,060	6,030	1,999,985	952,395	1,047,595
Scottish	14,150	6,860	7,290	1,937,010	938,335	998,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,405	3,180	3,225	1,039,385	500,570	538,815
German	12,410	6,035	6,370	1,058,075	517,665	540,410
Chinese	995	490	505	821,835	388,045	433,795
Italian	2,365	1,130	1,230	905,105	453,765	451,335
Indian (India)	1,965	1,035	930	764,435	392,845	371,585
Ukrainian	5,420	2,615	2,810	342,260	164,565	177,690
Dutch	3,290	1,630	1,655	478,860	236,645	242,210
Polish	2,545	1,235	1,305	461,090	221,095	240,000
Québécois	165	85	80	28,035	13,475	14,555
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,605	1,260	1,345	462,995	225,610	237,385
Filipino	2,615	1,145	1,470	355,680	154,820	200,860
French Canadian	675	360	315	199,845	94,210	105,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,830	895	930	221,315	110,260	111,055
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,065	550	515	160,660	76,990	83,670
Métis	2,295	1,095	1,205	131,780	63,205	68,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,730	925	805	182,785	90,865	91,920
Russian	1,780	840	940	187,460	87,560	99,900
Norwegian	2,310	1,115	1,200	62,840	30,300	32,535
Welsh	1,750	835	905	188,980	89,555	99,425
Portuguese	440	240	200	300,600	149,460	151,145
American	1,160	570	595	129,750	62,895	66,855
Spanish	1,060	530	520	143,840	66,950	76,890
Swedish	1,590	670	915	68,260	31,655	36,600
Hungarian	1,150	540	610	149,040	72,070	76,970
Acadian	280	115	165	34,125	16,055	18,070
Pakistani	530	275	255	212,650	107,640	105,015
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	930	455	475	149,265	72,095	77,175
Jewish	245	110	135	155,180	77,755	77,425
Punjabi	375	210	165	119,085	62,110	56,985
Vietnamese	255	110	140	122,735	58,135	64,590
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	190	115	75	110,250	56,985	53,270
Greek	245	125	120	143,065	72,455	70,605
Jamaican	560	295	265	201,945	95,525	106,420
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	335	145	185	110,750	53,190	57,565
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	415	160	255	20,025	9,580	10,445
Korean	325	145	180	100,025	47,215	52,810
Romanian	690	340	355	86,435	41,425	45,005
Lebanese	395	225	175	80,345	40,555	39,790
Iranian	110	50	65	109,410	55,025	54,385
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	130	140	73,665	35,960	37,705
Danish	1,145	560	590	52,170	25,415	26,755
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	250	110	140	61,790	29,610	32,175
Sikh	520	290	235	77,805	40,720	37,085
Austrian	580	275	305	63,920	31,280	32,640
Belgian	430	190	240	56,860	28,120	28,745
Haitian	95	45	50	17,930	8,440	9,495
Hindu	145	70	80	106,970	56,425	50,545
Mexican	490	215	275	54,725	27,070	27,655
Mennonite	285	150	135	38,095	19,075	19,025
Swiss	505	255	250	56,510	27,790	28,720
Finnish	335	165	165	76,275	36,805	39,465
Sri Lankan	135	50	80	105,765	51,825	53,940
Croatian	245	120	120	79,240	39,340	39,900
Japanese	295	135	160	42,250	18,715	23,530
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	60	65	83,435	42,105	41,335
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	135	95	21,650	10,225	11,420
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	655	305	345	31,395	15,385	16,005
Muslim	170	95	75	62,780	31,910	30,865
Egyptian	130	60	70	54,210	28,345	25,855
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	235	125	110	48,595	23,670	24,920
Tamil	65	40	30	86,580	43,270	43,310
Icelandic	555	270	285	13,915	6,875	7,045
Colombian	235	115	120	39,420	18,730	20,690
Moroccan	70	45	30	12,300	5,935	6,365
Czech	325	160	165	39,400	18,745	20,655
Syrian	50	25	25	42,525	21,170	21,365
Guyanese	45	20	20	85,455	40,520	44,935
Afghan	285	135	150	61,255	30,315	30,940
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	45	50	59,655	27,150	32,505
Serbian	40	20	15	64,415	32,230	32,175
Ojibway	110	65	45	52,770	25,660	27,110
Newfoundlander	160	95	60	29,950	14,735	15,215
Hong Konger	15	15	0	41,120	19,885	21,235
Ontarian	120	55	65	64,245	31,915	32,335
Persian	50	35	20	46,445	23,795	22,650
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	60	65	59,110	28,445	30,670
Turkish	15	0	10	43,555	22,580	20,970
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	40	30	6,160	2,810	3,350
Bangladeshi	20	15	10	47,195	24,190	23,000
Algerian	0	0	0	4,970	2,450	2,510
Brazilian	90	50	45	33,905	16,455	17,450
Nigerian	430	200	230	36,750	17,890	18,865
Armenian	30	10	20	30,860	15,245	15,610
Slovak	160	80	80	37,165	18,390	18,780
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	50	65	32,880	15,745	17,135
Somali	15	0	10	41,640	19,575	22,070
Taiwanese	10	10	0	17,960	8,150	9,810
Iraqi	55	25	25	42,980	21,520	21,460
Salvadorean	185	90	100	24,740	11,925	12,815
African Caribbean	90	55	35	43,475	19,070	24,405
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	40	20	32,785	15,515	17,265
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	70	25	40	38,000	19,570	18,430
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	35	10	39,165	17,615	21,555
Algonquin	75	45	30	20,910	9,815	11,090
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	20	50	42,575	19,380	23,200
Lithuanian	25	10	20	29,870	14,165	15,705
South African	180	85	90	21,965	11,055	10,910
Australian	170	75	100	14,775	7,780	6,995
Palestinian	90	50	45	30,365	15,605	14,755
Chilean	195	130	65	14,370	6,800	7,570
Congolese	40	10	25	12,815	5,870	6,945
Nova Scotian	60	35	30	10,195	5,000	5,190
Ethiopian	50	25	25	20,625	9,970	10,665
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	70	60	22,825	10,645	12,180
Peruvian	45	30	15	15,260	7,295	7,965
Yoruba	310	155	155	19,350	9,870	9,475
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	15	15,155	7,065	8,095
Berber	0	0	0	3,055	1,585	1,470
Albanian	30	20	0	29,575	14,865	14,715
Maltese	75	50	30	33,825	16,710	17,110
Macedonian	45	15	25	35,925	17,810	18,115
Slovenian	65	35	30	25,085	12,325	12,760
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	90	30	60	13,170	6,310	6,855
New Brunswicker	35	10	30	5,865	2,750	3,115
Gujarati	50	25	25	25,995	13,705	12,285
Eritrean	15	10	0	17,165	8,390	8,770
African Canadian	65	40	25	20,025	9,540	10,485
Israeli	0	0	0	20,570	10,745	9,825
Mohawk	45	20	30	20,595	10,170	10,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	115	55	55	12,115	5,600	6,505
Bulgarian	40	10	35	15,900	7,810	8,095
Albertan	605	315	290	1,185	580	600
Ghanaian	95	60	35	20,935	10,015	10,915
Barbadian	45	20	20	21,205	10,175	11,035
African American	105	55	50	16,380	7,985	8,395
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	35	35	16,400	7,800	8,605
Tunisian	0	0	0	2,430	1,240	1,190
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10	15,800	7,910	7,890
Cuban	50	25	20	14,785	7,185	7,600
Bosnian	180	70	110	16,065	8,070	7,995
Venezuelan	45	15	35	12,885	6,015	6,865
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	1,010	440	575
Latvian	30	15	20	16,070	7,545	8,525
Bengali	30	15	15	16,665	8,635	8,030
Cameroonian	105	50	55	4,295	2,060	2,230
Guatemalan	85	40	45	10,175	5,045	5,130
Indonesian	75	40	30	10,645	4,835	5,820
Laotian	25	15	15	10,870	5,165	5,695
Ilocano	20	15	10	10,560	4,790	5,775
Northern Irish	55	15	40	14,875	7,390	7,480
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	10	10,135	5,135	5,005
British Columbian	30	15	15	1,020	460	565
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	18,835	8,955	9,880
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	18,755	8,900	9,855
Argentinian	60	35	30	11,950	5,935	6,015
Estonian	40	15	20	14,025	6,585	7,440
Kurdish	35	15	15	13,495	7,445	6,050
Fijian	10	10	0	2,345	1,080	1,265
Jatt	70	35	30	9,195	4,725	4,470
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	15	20	8,040	4,020	4,025
Coptic	0	0	0	14,845	7,400	7,440
Thai	75	20	55	7,850	3,215	4,640
Dominican	0	0	0	8,585	4,185	4,400
Nepali	35	10	20	11,585	5,890	5,690
Kabyle	0	0	0	570	255	320
Assyrian	0	0	0	17,080	8,360	8,720
Igbo	195	110	80	8,595	4,175	4,420
Byelorussian	20	15	0	9,730	4,630	5,095
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	285	110	175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	35	3,445	1,675	1,760
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,300	590	710
Moldovan	25	0	20	4,295	2,065	2,225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	5,550	2,640	2,910
New Zealander	40	25	15	4,865	2,645	2,220
Sudanese	60	20	45	9,200	4,570	4,630
Breton	0	0	0	650	325	325
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	20	12,085	5,180	6,900
Malaysian	40	25	15	7,360	3,380	3,990
Plains Cree	0	0	0	365	180	185
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	55	35	20	3,660	1,850	1,810
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	2,070	1,000	1,075
Saskatchewanian	140	55	85	1,755	720	1,040
Buddhist	0	0	0	8,440	4,045	4,400
Gaspesian	0	0	0	700	335	365
Norman	0	0	0	2,250	1,330	925
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	9,250	4,355	4,895
Ivorian	0	0	0	2,270	1,040	1,230
Saulteaux	0	0	0	735	340	390
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	6,980	3,250	3,735
Burundian	0	0	0	4,105	1,940	2,165
Tigrinya	0	0	0	5,290	2,750	2,535
Nicaraguan	65	40	25	6,575	3,055	3,520
Mauritian	0	0	0	5,050	2,540	2,510
Kenyan	50	30	20	6,970	3,290	3,680
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	7,300	3,560	3,745
Vincentian	55	40	15	9,080	4,010	5,070
Jordanian	0	0	0	9,040	4,825	4,215
Manitoban	70	35	35	1,505	700	800
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15	3,040	1,440	1,595
Rwandan	0	0	0	3,450	1,580	1,865
Grenadian	0	0	0	10,250	4,820	5,430
Malayali	0	0	0	8,100	4,245	3,860
Chaldean	0	0	0	10,280	5,185	5,090
Sinhalese	0	0	0	8,060	3,985	4,075
Mayan	50	35	15	4,085	2,065	2,025
Honduran	10	0	10	3,735	1,870	1,865
Cherokee	35	20	20	3,555	1,630	1,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	15	0	1,350	585	765
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	8,830	3,915	4,920
Flemish	0	0	0	3,565	1,770	1,790
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	6,730	3,345	3,390
Senegalese	0	0	0	1,155	610	550
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	6,235	3,235	3,005
Sicilian	0	0	0	5,840	3,075	2,760
Pashtun	0	0	0	6,385	3,395	2,990
Malay	0	0	0	3,910	1,930	1,980
Goan	15	10	0	7,930	3,830	4,100
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	40	30	10	3,150	1,535	1,615
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,380	3,630	3,745
Zimbabwean	60	20	35	3,780	1,780	2,005
Burmese	15	15	0	4,290	1,980	2,310
Mongolian	0	0	0	3,585	1,635	1,950
Azorean	0	0	0	6,085	2,875	3,210
Atikamekw	0	0	0	85	35	45
Bamileke	60	40	15	1,100	570	530
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	7,605	3,425	4,180
Ugandan	25	10	15	4,685	2,225	2,460
Oromo	0	0	0	3,015	1,570	1,445
Tanzanian	20	0	15	4,865	2,285	2,580
Yemeni	25	15	15	5,300	2,585	2,715
Central African	0	0	0	1,630	770	860
Libyan	0	0	0	4,200	2,155	2,050
Basque	0	0	0	1,515	835	680
Uruguayan	0	0	0	4,720	2,335	2,390
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	15	20	4,055	2,045	2,010
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	3,605	1,650	1,955
Igorot	0	0	0	2,245	950	1,300
Fulani	0	0	0	1,165	605	565
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	275	150	125
Guinean	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
St. Lucian	35	10	25	5,850	2,660	3,190
Prince Edward Islander	35	20	15	1,900	890	1,010
Maliseet	0	0	0	615	285	335
Beninese	0	0	0	1,325	630	695
Telugu	0	0	0	4,755	2,665	2,090
Roma	10	10	0	3,470	1,735	1,735
Costa Rican	0	0	0	2,735	1,390	1,345
African Nova Scotian	20	10	10	1,650	725	925
Malagasy	0	0	0	555	265	290
Kashmiri	0	0	0	3,905	1,900	2,000
Singaporean	0	0	0	2,320	1,070	1,250
Karen	0	0	0	2,365	1,185	1,180
Edo	45	25	25	3,515	1,705	1,810
Tajik	0	0	0	4,150	2,065	2,080
Amhara	0	0	0	3,135	1,560	1,575
Paraguayan	0	0	0	855	365	490
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	73,795	36,790	37,005	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Buddhist	215	75	140	164,215	73,715	90,500
Christian	34,555	16,340	18,215	7,315,810	3,410,290	3,905,520
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,740	4,130	4,610	1,070,190	503,135	567,055
Anabaptist	80	30	45	57,795	28,065	29,725
Anglican	1,705	805	900	525,425	236,080	289,345
Baptist	865	385	485	165,400	75,170	90,230
Catholic	13,585	6,500	7,080	3,654,825	1,729,760	1,925,070
Christian Orthodox	585	275	310	329,850	158,655	171,200
Jehovah's Witness	320	135	180	48,290	20,680	27,610
Latter Day Saints	980	495	485	16,420	7,710	8,710
Lutheran	1,035	460	570	114,810	52,600	62,215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235	90	140	35,320	15,890	19,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,270	615	650	174,605	77,250	97,360
Presbyterian	470	195	270	202,275	91,710	110,560
Reformed	145	95	50	47,400	23,275	24,120
United Church	2,520	1,120	1,405	570,830	251,315	319,520
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,020	1,005	1,015	302,375	138,995	163,385
Hindu	710	355	355	573,700	295,980	277,720
Jewish	70	40	35	196,100	96,075	100,020
Muslim	2,250	1,195	1,060	942,990	474,965	468,025
Sikh	1,515	815	710	300,435	155,390	145,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	20	10	15,985	7,400	8,580
Other religions and spiritual traditions	565	245	320	88,845	37,840	51,000
No religion and secular perspectives	33,880	17,710	16,175	4,433,675	2,335,900	2,097,770
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	72,840	36,280	36,560	13,904,805	6,823,190	7,081,615
Non-movers	61,555	30,790	30,765	12,295,685	6,023,840	6,271,855
Movers	11,285	5,490	5,795	1,609,120	799,355	809,765
Non-migrants	5,345	2,575	2,775	914,170	454,180	459,990
Migrants	5,940	2,910	3,025	694,950	345,175	349,775
Internal migrants	5,600	2,725	2,880	570,275	282,115	288,165
Intraprovincial migrants	4,270	2,125	2,145	516,425	255,130	261,300
Interprovincial migrants	1,325	595	730	53,850	26,985	26,865
External migrants	335	190	150	124,670	63,060	61,610
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	68,340	33,960	34,380	13,349,180	6,539,010	6,810,170
Non-movers	34,605	17,435	17,165	8,361,770	4,077,100	4,284,665
Movers	33,735	16,520	17,215	4,987,410	2,461,910	2,525,505
Non-migrants	12,170	5,975	6,200	2,087,055	1,023,085	1,063,965
Migrants	21,560	10,545	11,015	2,900,355	1,438,815	1,461,540
Internal migrants	19,810	9,715	10,095	2,167,365	1,064,190	1,103,170
Intraprovincial migrants	15,510	7,660	7,850	1,938,720	949,475	989,250
Interprovincial migrants	4,295	2,055	2,235	228,640	114,715	113,925
External migrants	1,755	830	925	732,990	374,630	358,365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,545	27,350	28,200	11,782,825	5,733,360	6,049,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,290	4,545	3,740	1,969,920	1,007,805	962,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,255	22,800	24,460	9,812,905	4,725,555	5,087,350
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,055	20,265	20,785	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,700	2,220	1,485	757,455	418,970	338,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,350	18,045	19,305	6,827,190	3,281,570	3,545,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,100	3,770	3,330	1,799,890	904,590	895,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,005	8,380	8,620	3,204,170	1,608,155	1,596,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,440	15,190	16,250	6,778,765	3,220,615	3,558,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,360	10,425	9,935	3,250,175	1,592,945	1,657,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,805	4,570	1,240	592,485	426,550	165,935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,715	1,065	650	287,155	178,555	108,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,090	3,500	590	305,330	248,000	57,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,775	5,075	7,700	2,389,205	1,046,345	1,342,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,780	785	995	268,480	120,040	148,440
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,075	4,765	6,315	3,528,600	1,627,675	1,900,925
Bachelor's degree	8,480	3,505	4,965	2,307,685	1,034,000	1,273,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	555	210	350	224,820	99,320	125,500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	85	120	90,530	45,085	45,445
Master's degree	1,625	850	775	786,440	377,795	408,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	115	95	119,125	71,465	47,655
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,050	20,265	20,790	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,790	1,630	1,160	667,665	367,715	299,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,250	5,695	5,560	1,770,810	938,035	832,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,010	12,940	14,070	5,146,170	2,394,785	2,751,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,100	8,755	8,345	2,356,375	1,142,180	1,214,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,785	3,790	995	384,770	276,165	108,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	820	500	184,665	114,510	70,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,460	2,970	495	200,110	161,655	38,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,775	4,280	6,495	1,787,580	784,340	1,003,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,530	680	855	184,030	81,665	102,360
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,910	4,190	5,720	2,789,795	1,252,610	1,537,190
Bachelor's degree	7,575	3,090	4,490	1,798,010	793,045	1,004,965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	470	180	290	173,205	72,790	100,420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	75	105	71,055	31,530	39,525
Master's degree	1,500	755	745	658,060	305,270	352,785
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	85	89,470	49,975	39,490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,110	12,155	11,950	5,004,055	2,512,745	2,491,305
Education	1,880	430	1,450	358,255	79,480	278,775
13. Education	1,880	430	1,450	358,255	79,480	278,775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	315	515	258,480	110,905	147,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	110	35	26,160	18,830	7,330
50. Visual and performing arts	690	205	480	232,325	92,080	140,250
Humanities	1,215	505	705	388,160	139,895	248,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	25	35	40,335	8,230	32,110
23. English language and literature/letters	195	40	155	99,000	27,245	71,755
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	190	270	112,250	37,775	74,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	10,520	3,610	6,915
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	55	70	26,705	14,590	12,115
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	120	80	28,715	17,275	11,440
54. History	120	65	55	54,415	28,500	25,910
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	15	15	16,220	2,670	13,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,995	850	2,150	928,970	308,755	620,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	12,940	2,725	10,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	125	245	106,350	42,040	64,305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	535	35	500	154,370	12,575	141,795
22. Legal professions and studies	555	90	465	144,535	50,355	94,180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	24,040	7,835	16,205
42. Psychology	430	110	320	142,265	33,385	108,885
45. Social sciences	1,030	475	555	344,465	159,850	184,620
Business, management and public administration	6,730	2,355	4,375	1,472,490	630,535	841,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	2,340	850	1,490
44. Public administration and social service professions	410	60	350	123,510	24,630	98,885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,315	2,295	4,020	1,346,635	605,055	741,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	875	385	490	303,310	141,260	162,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	90	180	133,895	52,610	81,285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	100	110	69,195	30,195	38,995
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	20	6,440	1,795	4,640
40. Physical sciences	300	160	145	80,200	51,680	28,525
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	40	13,585	4,980	8,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,100	750	350	367,845	240,245	127,600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	940	690	250	284,925	198,705	86,220
25. Library science	65	10	55	16,090	2,620	13,475
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	50	50	56,120	31,880	24,245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	10,705	7,040	3,660
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,025	7,225	800	1,274,815	1,122,875	151,940
04. Architecture and related services	160	95	65	61,850	39,075	22,780
14. Engineering	1,190	1,015	180	414,085	329,125	84,960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,060	1,690	370	278,410	247,630	30,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	185	35	150
46. Construction trades	2,085	2,025	60	197,795	193,595	4,205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,690	1,610	85	208,980	204,525	4,450
48. Precision production	835	795	45	113,510	108,890	4,625
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	835	440	395	132,765	73,065	59,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	580	280	295	86,885	46,085	40,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	160	100	45,885	26,975	18,910
Health and related fields	4,780	830	3,955	939,610	194,715	744,900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	25	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	255	235	84,485	41,350	43,135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,255	565	3,690	828,240	139,360	688,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	2,335	585	1,750
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	24,520	13,410	11,110
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,160	1,090	1,065	351,505	178,155	173,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,115	255	860	181,985	49,755	132,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,135	1,895	240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	2,200	2,010	195
43. Security and protective services	515	360	155	110,890	75,460	35,430
49. Transportation and materials moving	510	460	50	54,295	49,040	5,255
Other¹⁷⁹	15	15	0	2,555	725	1,830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,055	20,270	20,785	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,040	7,325	6,720	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Education	1,505	340	1,165	242,725	50,715	192,005
13. Education	1,505	340	1,165	242,725	50,715	192,005
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	725	245	480	199,945	84,310	115,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	25	18,425	12,920	5,505
50. Visual and performing arts	620	160	450	181,520	71,390	110,130
Humanities	980	390	590	279,505	97,835	181,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	25	29,620	5,455	24,165
23. English language and literature/letters	150	25	125	71,745	19,350	52,390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	395	155	235	83,455	27,595	55,860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	7,195	2,395	4,805
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	40	65	19,380	10,610	8,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	90	60	18,420	11,085	7,335
54. History	100	45	60	39,275	19,895	19,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	10,415	1,445	8,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,665	755	1,915	729,685	232,410	497,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	10,515	2,085	8,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	110	225	88,895	34,255	54,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	485	40	445	119,090	8,825	110,265
22. Legal professions and studies	490	80	410	117,900	37,130	80,775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	18,585	6,035	12,555
42. Psychology	370	95	275	107,035	23,715	83,320
45. Social sciences	925	420	505	267,660	120,375	147,285
Business, management and public administration	5,855	2,025	3,830	1,161,875	487,235	674,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	1,785	655	1,130
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	50	310	98,675	18,325	80,355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,490	1,975	3,515	1,061,420	468,255	593,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	335	445	220,805	97,905	122,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	245	80	165	100,550	38,595	61,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	85	105	50,505	21,085	29,425
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	20	5,100	1,410	3,690
40. Physical sciences	265	140	125	55,565	33,765	21,800
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	20	35	9,090	3,055	6,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	675	315	304,045	200,360	103,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	630	230	244,700	170,900	73,800
25. Library science	45	10	40	9,860	1,740	8,120
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	30	45	40,875	22,115	18,760
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	8,610	5,605	3,005
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,845	6,110	735	932,505	805,990	126,515
04. Architecture and related services	140	80	65	48,030	29,245	18,785
14. Engineering	1,050	875	170	326,190	252,675	73,515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,740	1,410	330	202,375	178,135	24,240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	165	35	130
46. Construction trades	1,760	1,705	60	137,150	133,905	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,450	1,375	75	143,480	140,190	3,290
48. Precision production	700	670	40	75,115	71,805	3,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	710	365	345	100,525	52,065	48,460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	225	265	64,365	31,780	32,585
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	140	85	36,155	20,290	15,875
Health and related fields	4,120	755	3,365	703,890	148,295	555,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	240	225	64,360	31,305	33,055
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,625	510	3,120	619,520	107,760	511,760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	1,960	375	1,580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	18,030	8,855	9,175
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,825	945	880	268,815	137,235	131,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	920	210	710	136,310	37,500	98,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	1,600	1,400	200
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	1,180	1,070	110
43. Security and protective services	455	320	135	89,470	60,610	28,855
49. Transportation and materials moving	435	400	40	40,255	36,655	3,600
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	1,860	435	1,420
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	41,055	20,270	20,785	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,040	7,325	6,720	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,010	12,945	14,065	5,146,175	2,394,790	2,751,385
Location of study inside Canada	22,480	10,810	11,670	3,921,795	1,818,550	2,103,240
Same as province or territory of residence	15,555	7,460	8,090	3,634,290	1,680,865	1,953,420
Different than province or territory of residence	6,925	3,355	3,570	287,505	137,685	149,820
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,535	2,130	2,405	1,224,380	576,235	648,140
Americas	1,075	490	590	229,280	113,350	115,930
United States of America	610	290	325	140,770	72,740	68,035
Mexico	120	60	60	11,625	5,075	6,545
Cuba	10	0	10	3,715	1,875	1,840
Haiti	0	0	0	1,250	620	630
Jamaica	45	30	20	9,200	4,480	4,720
Brazil	60	15	50	17,755	8,105	9,645
Colombia	80	30	50	12,705	5,495	7,205
Peru	15	0	10	2,750	1,050	1,700
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	20	5,530	2,340	3,190
Other locations of study in Americas	100	50	55	23,985	11,560	12,425
Europe	845	445	400	224,050	113,485	110,560
Belgium	0	0	0	1,650	885	765
France	25	15	10	11,580	6,190	5,390
Germany	80	35	45	7,115	3,880	3,240
Netherlands	20	0	10	4,345	2,410	1,935
Switzerland	20	0	10	2,525	1,265	1,255
Hungary	10	0	0	2,960	1,425	1,535
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,080	880	1,205
Poland	15	0	10	16,450	7,365	9,090
Romania	35	30	10	14,985	7,380	7,605
Russian Federation	45	10	35	19,185	8,720	10,460
Ukraine	75	40	35	18,225	8,245	9,985
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	6,925	3,920	3,000
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	215	170	72,655	39,105	33,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	3,415	1,600	1,820
Italy	0	0	0	3,895	2,230	1,660
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	5,750	2,910	2,840
Other locations of study in Europe	95	45	45	30,300	15,075	15,225
Africa	535	255	280	65,145	31,940	33,205
Nigeria	280	130	155	15,165	7,355	7,810
Algeria	0	0	0	1,550	685	860
Morocco	25	10	15	2,180	960	1,215
Tunisia	10	10	0	805	375	430
Egypt	30	20	15	17,195	8,445	8,755
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	25	6,770	3,545	3,225
Other locations of study in Africa	140	70	70	21,480	10,570	10,905
Asia	2,005	890	1,115	686,295	308,075	378,220
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	35,535	16,145	19,390
Iraq	10	0	0	12,270	6,020	6,250
Israel	0	0	0	6,675	3,365	3,310
Lebanon	0	0	0	7,235	3,350	3,885
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	7,515	3,610	3,905
Turkey	0	0	0	7,585	4,105	3,475
China⁹⁰	60	25	30	92,585	41,055	51,530
Taiwan	0	0	0	3,535	1,125	2,410
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	8,875	3,660	5,210
Japan	15	0	10	6,310	2,145	4,160
Korea, South⁹²	105	40	65	21,145	8,075	13,070
Philippines	910	340	570	109,885	38,390	71,495
Viet Nam	0	0	0	5,120	1,845	3,280
Bangladesh	15	10	0	16,250	7,315	8,945
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	11,075	5,125	5,950
India	605	320	285	245,655	121,625	124,035
Pakistan	130	60	70	53,750	24,970	28,780
Other locations of study in Asia	95	45	45	35,295	16,145	19,150
Oceania	75	55	20	19,605	9,380	10,220
Australia	50	30	15	16,965	8,040	8,925
New Zealand	25	20	0	2,445	1,240	1,200
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	200	100	95
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
In the labour force	41,330	21,645	19,680	7,399,200	3,847,325	3,551,880
Employed	36,730	19,525	17,205	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Unemployed	4,600	2,120	2,480	906,310	430,365	475,940
Not in the labour force	14,215	5,700	8,515	4,383,620	1,886,035	2,497,580
Participation rate	74.4	79.2	69.8	62.8	67.1	58.7
Employment rate	66.1	71.4	61.0	55.1	59.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.8	12.6	12.2	11.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	55,545	27,345	28,200	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,160	6,185	8,975	4,469,170	1,946,590	2,522,580
Worked	40,385	21,165	19,225	7,313,650	3,786,770	3,526,880
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,045	12,940	9,100	3,982,300	2,219,290	1,763,015
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,340	8,225	10,115	3,331,350	1,567,480	1,763,870
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.7	40.2	41.1	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,335	21,650	19,680	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	212,505	102,580	109,925
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
Employee	35,320	18,355	16,965	6,109,070	3,071,915	3,037,155
Permanent position	31,045	16,390	14,655	5,166,275	2,627,415	2,538,865
Temporary position	4,270	1,965	2,310	942,795	444,505	498,290
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,205	485	715	324,250	147,125	177,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,070	1,475	1,590	618,540	297,380	321,160
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,910	2,825	2,080	1,077,625	672,825	404,800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,335	21,650	19,680	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	212,505	102,580	109,925
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	280	225	55	95,240	66,160	29,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,085	1,945	5,145	1,328,155	449,705	878,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,105	2,470	645	685,390	513,025	172,365
3 Health occupations	2,690	360	2,325	543,565	110,185	433,380
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,455	1,500	2,955	871,260	289,220	582,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	800	285	520	232,200	105,695	126,505
6 Sales and service occupations	10,005	4,180	5,825	1,735,930	782,170	953,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,525	8,390	1,135	1,175,410	1,063,670	111,740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	870	730	140	148,055	111,985	36,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,400	1,095	300	371,490	252,930	118,560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,335	21,650	19,680	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,100	465	635	212,505	102,580	109,925
All industries¹⁹¹	40,230	21,185	19,045	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	255	165	104,895	66,330	38,565
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,560	1,250	315	34,360	29,285	5,080
22 Utilities	515	345	170	55,230	41,785	13,445
23 Construction	4,685	3,955	735	538,340	466,825	71,515
31-33 Manufacturing	2,170	1,675	495	655,935	457,795	198,135
41 Wholesale trade	1,355	960	395	244,910	157,760	87,155
44-45 Retail trade	5,470	2,450	3,015	798,090	383,965	414,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,570	2,425	1,140	379,485	282,295	97,190
51 Information and cultural industries	680	360	320	169,120	98,930	70,190
52 Finance and insurance	1,110	405	700	399,030	185,100	213,935
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	710	390	315	152,050	80,630	71,420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,645	1,370	1,275	681,235	384,400	296,835
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	50	30	26,240	12,465	13,780
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,770	930	845	324,285	183,445	140,835
61 Educational services	2,360	575	1,790	531,260	165,080	366,175
62 Health care and social assistance	4,370	560	3,810	859,910	163,580	696,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	275	350	130,490	67,705	62,785
72 Accommodation and food services	2,030	860	1,175	390,675	171,925	218,745
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,815	835	980	283,115	131,210	151,905
91 Public administration	2,285	1,255	1,030	428,030	214,245	213,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,310	22,555	20,755	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
English	41,850	21,880	19,970	7,181,805	3,743,490	3,438,320
French	115	20	100	52,565	18,880	33,680
Non-official language	110	40	70	74,365	39,275	35,090
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	305	160	150
Non-Indigenous	110	40	70	74,060	39,120	34,940
English and French	490	185	305	285,005	121,875	163,125
English and non-official language(s)	715	410	310	275,330	141,295	134,035
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	355	150	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	10,820	4,890	5,925
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,475	2,885	2,585
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,310	22,555	20,755	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
Single responses	43,095	22,435	20,660	7,783,760	4,024,730	3,759,025
Official languages	42,855	22,310	20,550	7,649,065	3,955,095	3,693,975
English	42,650	22,280	20,370	7,555,160	3,920,680	3,634,480
French	205	25	180	93,910	34,410	59,495
Non-official languages	235	125	115	134,690	69,640	65,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,240	610	630
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	1,185	590	595
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	155	75	80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	145	75	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,030	515	510
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	465	250	215
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	560	265	300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	25	10	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	250	285
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	15	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	20	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	20	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	125	115	133,450	69,030	64,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	4,830	2,800	2,035
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	210	90	120
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	190	80	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	0	15	4,615	2,700	1,915
Amharic	0	0	0	60	25	35
Arabic	20	0	15	3,735	2,195	1,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	410	305	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	320	235	85
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	85	65	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	315	130	185
Tigrigna	0	0	0	90	45	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,365	1,510	1,855
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	140	60	80
Vietnamese	0	0	0	3,225	1,450	1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	1,530	655	875
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	55	20	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40	20	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	1,330	555	780
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	20	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,660	1,255	1,410
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	160	95	65
Tamil	0	0	0	2,440	1,150	1,295
Telugu	0	0	0	55	10	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	160	85	75	50,205	27,580	22,620
Albanian	0	0	0	270	155	115
Armenian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	6,865	3,075	3,790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	65	15	60
Latvian	0	0	0	30	10	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	40	0	40
Slavic languages	15	10	10	6,790	3,065	3,730
Bulgarian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Czech	0	0	0	40	10	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	10	0	10	1,765	815	950
Russian	0	0	0	3,295	1,335	1,965
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	605	360	250
Bosnian	0	0	0	85	65	15
Croatian	0	0	0	135	80	55
Serbian	0	0	0	395	220	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	910	435	475
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	7,320	3,975	3,345
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,185	2,760
German	0	0	0	3,210	1,685	1,525
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,555	1,400	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	135	65	75
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	35	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,275	735	540
Afrikaans	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dutch	0	0	0	680	360	320
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	40	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	515	320	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	90	45	40
Danish	0	0	0	15	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	50	30	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	355	200	155
Indo-Iranian languages	80	45	35	19,460	11,125	8,335
Indo-Aryan languages	80	45	35	15,015	8,755	6,260
Bengali	0	0	0	440	205	235
Gujarati	0	0	0	850	410	445
Hindi	0	0	0	1,145	545	600
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	150	70	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	10,235	6,485	3,755
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	75	60	10
Urdu	0	0	0	2,080	975	1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	4,435	2,360	2,075
Kurdish	0	0	0	125	100	25
Pashto	0	0	0	85	50	35
Persian languages	0	0	0	4,210	2,200	2,005
Dari	0	0	0	415	220	200
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	3,415	1,735	1,675
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	380	250	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	30	15,735	8,955	6,780
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,005	420	585
Portuguese	10	10	0	5,645	3,510	2,140
Romanian	10	0	0	300	155	140
Spanish	40	15	25	8,765	4,860	3,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	1,075	400	675
Korean	10	10	0	5,460	2,620	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	170	75	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	60	35	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	845	320	525
American Sign Language	0	0	0	795	300	490
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	30	15	61,525	30,930	30,595
Chinese languages	40	30	15	61,360	30,840	30,520
Hakka	0	0	0	45	20	25
Mandarin	10	0	0	37,260	18,740	18,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	150	60	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	25	10	23,610	11,880	11,730
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	250	115	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	135	80	55
Burmese	0	0	0	15	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	45	35	15
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	35	30	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	330	170	160
Lao	0	0	0	50	15	30
Thai	0	0	0	275	150	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	970	480	490
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	0	25
Turkish	0	0	0	905	455	450
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	350	165	180
Estonian	0	0	0	65	15	45
Finnish	0	0	0	55	20	35
Hungarian	0	0	0	230	130	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Multiple responses	220	125	95	101,955	48,010	53,945
English and French	90	45	45	46,525	19,475	27,055
English and non-official language(s)	125	75	50	53,330	27,575	25,755
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	155	70	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	880	395	485
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,060	490	565
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,310	22,555	20,755	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
None	42,275	22,055	20,220	7,400,850	3,844,820	3,556,035
English	205	75	130	89,345	39,850	49,495
French	315	140	175	199,430	87,785	111,645
Non-official language	430	240	190	154,150	79,615	74,535
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,895	1,115	1,785
Non-Indigenous	430	240	190	151,255	78,510	72,750
English and French	0	0	0	270	100	170
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,395	3,425	3,970
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	7,510	3,515	3,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	50	45	0
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	25	26,705	13,575	13,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,730	19,525	17,205	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Worked at home	7,655	3,350	4,305	1,929,760	904,345	1,025,415
Worked outside Canada	90	85	0	29,740	19,860	9,875
No fixed workplace address	6,420	4,890	1,535	765,180	576,300	188,880
Usual place of work	22,570	11,205	11,365	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,570	11,205	11,365	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,875	3,500	5,375	2,212,620	1,041,890	1,170,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,695	6,980	5,720	653,055	340,750	312,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	795	590	205	885,485	523,590	361,890
Commute to a different province or territory	195	135	65	17,050	10,215	6,835
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,990	16,095	12,895	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Car, truck or van	26,645	14,860	11,790	3,790,545	2,161,945	1,628,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,290	14,310	10,985	3,451,650	2,022,010	1,429,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,360	550	810	338,895	139,935	198,960
Public transit	390	180	215	390,140	163,395	226,745
Walked	810	345	465	208,380	94,020	114,370
Bicycle	125	90	35	37,665	26,230	11,440
Other method	1,015	625	395	106,655	47,160	59,495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,990	16,095	12,895	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Less than 15 minutes	8,460	3,520	4,935	1,283,185	621,485	661,700
15 to 29 minutes	8,780	5,020	3,770	1,527,580	823,940	703,640
30 to 44 minutes	8,175	5,150	3,025	934,230	555,195	379,030
45 to 59 minutes	2,160	1,390	770	375,215	226,980	148,230
60 minutes and over	1,415	1,010	405	413,180	265,140	148,040
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,990	16,095	12,895	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,970	2,270	695	351,800	257,455	94,350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,105	3,985	2,125	797,475	512,385	285,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,435	3,915	3,520	1,066,580	572,020	494,565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,830	2,105	2,725	938,175	426,175	511,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,970	1,165	1,805	632,825	298,665	334,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,680	2,650	2,030	746,530	426,045	320,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,470	11,035	10,430	2,781,415	1,429,175	1,352,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,815	910	905	349,875	176,750	173,120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,650	10,125	9,525	2,431,540	1,252,420	1,179,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,545	8,010	7,535	2,047,210	1,053,155	994,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,360	680	680	268,250	135,205	133,045
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	760	375	380	179,995	88,815	91,175
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	305	295	88,260	46,390	41,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,185	7,330	6,855	1,778,960	917,950	861,010

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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