Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Spruce Grove, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	37,645	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	34,108^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,752	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,273	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,003.3	...	...	1,003.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	37.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	37,645	18,520	19,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,145	4,085	4,055	21.6	22.1	21.2
0 to 4 years	2,390	1,205	1,185	6.3	6.5	6.2
5 to 9 years	2,945	1,470	1,475	7.8	7.9	7.7
10 to 14 years	2,810	1,415	1,395	7.5	7.6	7.3
15 to 64 years	24,700	12,245	12,450	65.6	66.1	65.1
15 to 19 years	2,400	1,250	1,150	6.4	6.7	6.0
20 to 24 years	2,030	1,070	955	5.4	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	2,565	1,295	1,270	6.8	7.0	6.6
30 to 34 years	2,925	1,405	1,520	7.8	7.6	7.9
35 to 39 years	3,310	1,630	1,685	8.8	8.8	8.8
40 to 44 years	2,815	1,390	1,425	7.5	7.5	7.5
45 to 49 years	2,505	1,255	1,250	6.7	6.8	6.5
50 to 54 years	2,170	1,085	1,090	5.8	5.9	5.7
55 to 59 years	2,095	1,000	1,095	5.6	5.4	5.7
60 to 64 years	1,875	865	1,010	5.0	4.7	5.3
65 years and over	4,805	2,175	2,630	12.8	11.7	13.8
65 to 69 years	1,620	760	860	4.3	4.1	4.5
70 to 74 years	1,395	610	780	3.7	3.3	4.1
75 to 79 years	960	455	505	2.6	2.5	2.6
80 to 84 years	480	220	260	1.3	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	345	130	215	0.9	0.7	1.1
85 to 89 years	255	105	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
90 to 94 years	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
95 to 99 years	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.6	22.1	21.2	21.6	22.1	21.2
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.1	65.1	65.6	66.1	65.1
65 years and over	12.8	11.7	13.8	12.8	11.7	13.8
85 years and over	0.9	0.7	1.1	0.9	0.7	1.1
Average age of the population	36.8	36.0	37.6	36.8	36.0	37.6
Median age of the population	36.0	35.6	36.8	36.0	35.6	36.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,045	...	...	63.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,815	...	...	12.7	...	...
Row house	835	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,115	...	...	14.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	335	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,070	...	...	21.5	...	...
2 persons	4,960	...	...	34.7	...	...
3 persons	2,405	...	...	16.8	...	...
4 persons	2,495	...	...	17.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,340	...	...	9.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	29,500	14,425	15,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	18,235	9,095	9,145	61.8	63.1	60.7
Married	14,680	7,335	7,350	49.8	50.8	48.8
Living common-law	3,555	1,760	1,795	12.1	12.2	11.9
Living common law - Never married	2,620	1,315	1,300	8.9	9.1	8.6
Living common law - Separated	155	75	85	0.5	0.5	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	725	355	375	2.5	2.5	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	60	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	11,270	5,335	5,930	38.2	37.0	39.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,365	4,075	3,290	25.0	28.2	21.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	830	310	520	2.8	2.1	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,930	750	1,180	6.5	5.2	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,145	200	950	3.9	1.4	6.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,125	...	...	47.3	...	...
3 persons	2,290	...	...	21.2	...	...
4 persons	2,355	...	...	21.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,060	...	...	9.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,020	...	...	83.3	...	...
Married couples	7,240	...	...	66.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,140	...	...	38.2	...	...
Without children	3,100	...	...	28.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,775	...	...	16.4	...	...
With children⁶	760	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	1,020	...	...	9.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,805	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,365	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	450	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,170	15,855	16,310	85.9	86.0	85.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,040	8,990	9,050	48.1	48.7	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	1,805	445	1,360	4.8	2.4	7.1
Children⁶	12,320	6,420	5,900	32.9	34.8	31.0
In a two-parent family	9,420	4,900	4,525	25.1	26.6	23.8
In a one-parent family	2,900	1,525	1,380	7.7	8.3	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,300	2,590	2,715	14.1	14.0	14.3
Living alone	3,075	1,360	1,710	8.2	7.4	9.0
Living with other relatives⁷	820	385	435	2.2	2.1	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,410	845	570	3.8	4.6	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,645	...	...	67.6	...	...
Couple-family households	8,300	...	...	58.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,545	...	...	31.8	...	...
Without children	3,760	...	...	26.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,345	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	300	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	590	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	590	...	...	4.1	...	...
One-person households	3,075	...	...	21.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	29,325	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,890	13,655	14,235	95.1	95.1	95.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	65,500	40,000	50,000	65,500	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,895	13,665	14,235	95.1	95.2	95.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	55,600	36,400	44,400	55,600	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,545	12,890	12,655	87.1	89.8	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	62,400	32,400	45,600	62,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,675	11,280	10,395	73.9	78.6	69.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	65,000	36,000	48,800	65,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,355	11,575	12,775	83.1	80.6	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,900	5,000	9,700	7,900	5,000	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,640	1,775	1,860	12.4	12.4	12.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,640	6,000	5,760	5,640	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,740	3,535	4,205	26.4	24.6	28.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	29,325	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,880	13,650	14,230	95.1	95.1	95.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,950	75,200	47,240	60,950	75,200	47,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,885	13,650	14,235	95.1	95.1	95.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	60,950	41,040	50,800	60,950	41,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,625	12,925	12,695	87.4	90.0	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,600	71,700	41,280	56,600	71,700	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,680	11,320	10,360	73.9	78.8	69.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,700	71,000	43,080	57,700	71,000	43,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,395	11,585	12,810	83.2	80.7	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,180	8,650	11,550	10,180	8,650	11,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,745	1,780	1,965	12.8	12.4	13.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,080	6,430	7,670	7,080	6,430	7,670
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,465	3,430	4,035	25.5	23.9	27.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,620	8,140	9,030	8,620	8,140	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	29,330	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,650	6,040	4,610	36.3	42.1	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,500	87,000	62,800	74,500	87,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,200	93,000	65,700	81,200	93,000	65,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,625	4,015	4,610	29.4	28.0	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	35,600	20,200	25,000	35,600	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,760	48,760	26,320	36,760	48,760	26,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4	90.2	78.0	85.4	90.2	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	78.4	66.4	73.6	78.4	66.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.6	9.8	22.0	14.6	9.8	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.1	2.2	1.6	1.1	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.0	6.4	4.3	3.0	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.7	5.4	3.8	2.7	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	29,330	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,435	700	735	4.9	4.9	4.9
With total income	27,890	13,660	14,230	95.1	95.1	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,125	735	1,385	7.6	5.4	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,260	745	1,515	8.1	5.5	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	3,570	1,310	2,265	12.8	9.6	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,115	1,160	1,955	11.2	8.5	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,840	1,115	1,725	10.2	8.2	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	2,440	1,100	1,340	8.7	8.1	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,290	1,155	1,135	8.2	8.5	8.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,885	1,050	835	6.8	7.7	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,505	920	585	5.4	6.7	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,375	890	485	4.9	6.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	4,490	3,480	1,010	16.1	25.5	7.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,140	2,305	835	11.3	16.9	5.9
$150,000 and over	1,350	1,180	170	4.8	8.6	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	29,330	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,425	690	730	4.9	4.8	4.9
With after-tax income	27,900	13,665	14,235	95.1	95.2	95.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,215	765	1,445	7.9	5.6	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	2,375	780	1,590	8.5	5.7	11.2
$20,000 to $29,999	4,080	1,495	2,590	14.6	10.9	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,740	1,465	2,270	13.4	10.7	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,335	1,430	1,905	12.0	10.5	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,060	1,520	1,540	11.0	11.1	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	2,385	1,385	1,000	8.5	10.1	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,930	1,195	730	6.9	8.7	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,570	1,045	525	5.6	7.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	990	740	250	3.5	5.4	1.8
$100,000 and over	2,220	1,845	380	8.0	13.5	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,200	940	255	4.3	6.9	1.8
$125,000 and over	1,020	900	120	3.7	6.6	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	29,330	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,645	3,075	4,575	26.1	21.4	30.6
With employment income	21,680	11,280	10,400	73.9	78.6	69.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,225	940	1,285	10.3	8.3	12.4
$5,000 to $9,999	1,315	485	830	6.1	4.3	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,175	810	1,360	10.0	7.2	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,805	695	1,110	8.3	6.2	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,820	765	1,060	8.4	6.8	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,670	720	950	7.7	6.4	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,660	805	855	7.7	7.1	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,640	825	815	7.6	7.3	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	775	580	6.3	6.9	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,175	735	435	5.4	6.5	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	765	405	5.4	6.8	3.9
$100,000 and over	3,675	2,960	715	17.0	26.2	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,820	1,350	475	8.4	12.0	4.6
$125,000 and over	1,855	1,615	240	8.6	14.3	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	29,325	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,380	13,390	13,990	93.4	93.2	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	68,000	38,400	50,400	68,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,390	13,390	13,995	93.4	93.2	93.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	57,200	35,200	44,400	57,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,330	12,780	12,550	86.4	89.0	83.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	66,000	35,600	48,800	66,000	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,765	11,310	10,450	74.2	78.8	69.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	69,500	38,000	52,000	69,500	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,120	10,970	12,150	78.8	76.4	81.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,200	1,010	5,080	2,200	1,010	5,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,730	1,335	1,400	9.3	9.3	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,160	7,150	6,000	5,160	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	29,325	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,415	13,440	13,975	93.5	93.6	93.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	77,400	45,680	61,200	77,400	45,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,425	13,440	13,980	93.5	93.6	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	62,250	39,440	50,600	62,250	39,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,475	12,855	12,625	86.9	89.5	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,500	76,100	42,600	59,500	76,100	42,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,815	11,355	10,460	74.4	79.1	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,600	75,900	44,000	60,600	75,900	44,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,155	10,990	12,165	79.0	76.5	81.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	5,690	8,250	7,030	5,690	8,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,870	1,295	1,575	9.8	9.0	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,930	6,400	9,190	7,930	6,400	9,190
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	29,330	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,610	6,030	4,580	36.2	42.0	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	87,000	58,400	72,500	87,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,700	93,300	61,850	79,700	93,300	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,125	3,805	4,315	27.7	26.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	50,400	27,000	35,200	50,400	27,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,400	61,450	33,120	46,400	61,450	33,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	94.0	84.2	90.2	94.0	84.2
Employment income (%)	78.8	82.8	72.2	78.8	82.8	72.2
Government transfers (%)	9.7	6.0	15.7	9.7	6.0	15.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.8	2.3	1.4	0.8	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,400	...	...	53,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	95	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	260	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	345	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	270	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	360	...	...	2.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	420	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	405	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	820	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	860	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	860	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	840	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	880	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,680	...	...	53.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,690	...	...	11.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,160	...	...	15.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,790	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	105	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	285	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	380	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	355	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	405	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	490	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,050	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,005	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,095	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,165	...	...	8.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,065	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,195	...	...	43.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,285	...	...	16.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,605	...	...	11.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,300	...	...	16.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,480	2,205	2,275	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,400	59,600	44,400	50,400	59,600	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	50,400	40,000	44,000	50,400	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,465	2,260	2,210	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,800	66,500	52,950	59,800	66,500	52,950
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,200	54,900	45,440	50,200	54,900	45,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,470	18,445	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,630	4,850	4,775	25.7	26.3	25.1
0 to 5 years	2,975	1,500	1,480	7.9	8.1	7.8
18 to 64 years	23,170	11,460	11,715	61.8	62.1	61.6
65 years and over	4,670	2,135	2,535	12.5	11.6	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,280	955	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	745	340	405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	100	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,185	515	675	...	...	...
65 years and over	345	95	250	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1	5.2	7.0	6.1	5.2	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.7	7.0	8.4	7.7	7.0	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	6.5	7.7	7.2	6.5	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.1	4.5	5.8	5.1	4.5	5.8
65 years and over (%)	7.4	4.6	9.7	7.4	4.6	9.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,625	4,855	4,775	25.7	26.3	25.1
0 to 5 years	2,975	1,495	1,475	7.9	8.1	7.8
18 to 64 years	23,175	11,460	11,715	61.8	62.1	61.6
65 years and over	4,665	2,135	2,535	12.4	11.6	13.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	860	420	445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	250	115	135	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	30	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	555	275	275	...	...	...
65 years and over	55	20	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.4	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	1.9	2.6	2.3	1.9	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,470	18,450	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	15,070	7,025	8,045	40.2	38.1	42.3
In bottom decile	2,065	945	1,120	5.5	5.1	5.9
In second decile	2,640	1,110	1,525	7.0	6.0	8.0
In third decile	3,065	1,425	1,640	8.2	7.7	8.6
In fourth decile	3,460	1,655	1,805	9.2	9.0	9.5
In fifth decile	3,840	1,885	1,955	10.2	10.2	10.3
In top half of the distribution	22,395	11,420	10,980	59.8	61.9	57.7
In sixth decile	4,310	2,175	2,140	11.5	11.8	11.3
In seventh decile	4,470	2,255	2,215	11.9	12.2	11.6
In eighth decile	4,500	2,260	2,240	12.0	12.2	11.8
In ninth decile	4,865	2,510	2,350	13.0	13.6	12.4
In top decile	4,255	2,225	2,035	11.4	12.1	10.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,470	...	...	37,470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.372	...	...	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.254	...	...	0.254	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	35,165	17,380	17,780	93.8	94.2	93.4
French only	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,230	1,045	1,190	5.9	5.7	6.3
Neither English nor French	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,720	18,070	18,650	98.0	97.9	98.0
French	615	320	295	1.6	1.7	1.6
English and French	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,810	18,120	18,685	98.2	98.2	98.2
Official languages	34,250	16,960	17,295	91.4	91.9	90.9
English	33,600	16,630	16,970	89.6	90.1	89.2
French	655	330	325	1.7	1.8	1.7
Non-official languages	2,560	1,165	1,395	6.8	6.3	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,515	1,150	1,370	6.7	6.2	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	825	370	455	2.2	2.0	2.4
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	315	380	1.9	1.7	2.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,290	600	695	3.4	3.3	3.7
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	325	130	200	0.9	0.7	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	130	195	0.9	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	400	180	220	1.1	1.0	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	105	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	235	100	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	70	0.3	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	270	135	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	250	130	120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	65	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	135	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	175	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	670	330	340	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	175	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	445	225	220	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,365	16,990	17,375	91.7	92.1	91.3
French	125	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	445	215	225	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	215	225	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	390	175	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,005	945	1,065	5.3	5.1	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,965	18,210	18,760	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	35,810	17,645	18,160	95.5	95.6	95.4
English	35,625	17,550	18,070	95.1	95.1	95.0
French	180	90	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	1,155	560	595	3.1	3.0	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,140	555	585	3.0	3.0	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	475	225	250	1.3	1.2	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	205	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	480	235	250	1.3	1.3	1.3
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	205	105	105	0.5	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	200	100	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	520	250	265	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	420	200	220	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,480	18,455	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,385	17,485	17,895	94.4	94.7	94.0
English	605	285	320	1.6	1.5	1.7
French	280	115	160	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	985	460	525	2.6	2.5	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	935	440	500	2.5	2.4	2.6
English and French	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,390	18,425	18,960	99.8	99.9	99.7
English	37,355	18,415	18,945	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	2,270	1,025	1,245	6.1	5.6	6.5
Non-official languages	3,980	1,910	2,070	10.6	10.4	10.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,885	1,865	2,015	10.4	10.1	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,115	510	605	3.0	2.8	3.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,085	505	580	2.9	2.7	3.0
Waray-Waray	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,055	1,015	1,040	5.5	5.5	5.5
Albanian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	210	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	425	210	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbian	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	105	75	0.5	0.6	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	270	360	1.7	1.5	1.9
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	360	150	215	1.0	0.8	1.1
German	360	150	215	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	110	125	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	400	220	180	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	400	220	180	1.1	1.2	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	190	110	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	115	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	610	315	295	1.6	1.7	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Romanian	35	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	485	230	255	1.3	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	170	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Thai	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,330	1,660	1,670	8.9	9.0	8.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,250	1,630	1,620	8.7	8.8	8.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,205	560	645	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis	1,990	1,045	940	5.3	5.7	4.9
Inuk (Inuit)	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	34,140	16,785	17,355	91.1	91.0	91.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,010	450	560	2.7	2.4	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	36,455	17,990	18,465	97.3	97.5	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	10,890	...	...	76.3	...	...
Renter	3,375	...	...	23.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,870	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not condominium	12,405	...	...	86.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	705	...	...	4.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,710	...	...	19.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,125	...	...	42.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,660	...	...	32.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,730	...	...	19.1	...	...
5 rooms	2,260	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	2,320	...	...	16.3	...	...
7 rooms	2,275	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,690	...	...	32.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,035	...	...	98.3	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	13,710	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	565	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	170	...	...	1.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,695	...	...	18.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,150	...	...	8.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,705	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,445	...	...	10.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,450	...	...	17.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,845	...	...	19.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,810	...	...	12.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,790	...	...	96.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	480	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,560	...	...	46.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,155	...	...	50.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	560	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	460	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,510	...	...	17.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,355	...	...	23.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,690	...	...	18.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,400	...	...	16.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,745	...	...	12.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	930	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	175	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,250	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	11,440	...	...	80.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,810	...	...	19.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,650	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,665	...	...	25.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,640	...	...	18.5	...	...
Not suitable only	500	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	335	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,610	...	...	74.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,210	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	12,875	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,895	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.2	...	...	71.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	364,000	...	...	364,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	384,000	...	...	384,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.1	...	...	39.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,465	18,445	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,135	600	535	3.0	3.3	2.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,105	585	520	2.9	3.2	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	675	340	335	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis single ancestry	410	240	175	1.1	1.3	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,905	1,420	1,480	7.8	7.7	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,830	1,380	1,445	7.6	7.5	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,525	710	810	4.1	3.8	4.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,275	655	625	3.4	3.6	3.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	33,430	16,425	17,005	89.2	89.0	89.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,470	18,445	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	35,750	17,620	18,135	95.4	95.5	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,410	4,745	4,665	25.1	25.7	24.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	26,335	12,865	13,465	70.3	69.7	70.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,720	830	890	4.6	4.5	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,470	18,445	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,675	16,615	17,060	89.9	90.1	89.7
Immigrants⁸¹	3,520	1,695	1,825	9.4	9.2	9.6
Before 1980	735	380	355	2.0	2.1	1.9
1980 to 1990	245	100	145	0.7	0.5	0.8
1991 to 2000	270	115	155	0.7	0.6	0.8
2001 to 2010	500	225	270	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,775	875	900	4.7	4.7	4.7
2011 to 2015	925	450	475	2.5	2.4	2.5
2016 to 2021	845	430	420	2.3	2.3	2.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	270	140	135	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,520	1,695	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	340	175	165	9.7	10.3	9.0
5 to 14 years	775	395	380	22.0	23.3	20.8
15 to 24 years	585	270	320	16.6	15.9	17.5
25 to 44 years	1,590	755	840	45.2	44.5	45.9
45 years and over	225	100	120	6.4	5.9	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,520	1,695	1,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	485	235	245	13.8	13.9	13.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	0.7	0.6	0.8
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.5
Guyana	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.5
Haiti	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	25	1.4	1.8	1.4
Mexico	105	60	45	3.0	3.5	2.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.5
United States of America	175	75	100	5.0	4.4	5.5
Other places of birth in Americas	55	30	25	1.6	1.8	1.4
Europe	1,135	540	590	32.2	31.9	32.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.1
France	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Germany	165	75	95	4.7	4.4	5.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
Italy	25	25	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Netherlands	80	30	45	2.3	1.8	2.5
Poland	65	15	45	1.8	0.9	2.5
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.9	0.6	0.8
Russian Federation	45	30	15	1.3	1.8	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Ukraine	65	45	25	1.8	2.7	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	475	230	245	13.5	13.6	13.4
Other places of birth in Europe	110	40	65	3.1	2.4	3.6
Africa	335	185	145	9.5	10.9	7.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.5
Egypt	15	15	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	25	20	1.3	1.5	1.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	3.0	3.2	2.7
Other places of birth in Africa	135	80	50	3.8	4.7	2.7
Asia	1,540	715	830	43.8	42.2	45.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	30	1.3	0.9	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	20	0.9	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	975	440	535	27.7	26.0	29.2
Viet Nam	25	10	20	0.7	0.6	1.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	230	125	105	6.5	7.4	5.7
Pakistan	45	15	30	1.3	0.9	1.6
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	135	65	70	3.8	3.8	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	15	10	0.9	0.9	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	850	430	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	120	55	70	14.1	12.8	16.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	30	15	5.3	7.0	3.6
United States of America	35	0	30	4.1	0.0	7.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	3.5	3.5	3.6
Europe	60	35	30	7.1	8.1	7.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.2	2.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	3.5	3.5	4.8
Africa	60	25	30	7.1	5.8	7.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	20	15	4.7	4.7	3.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	600	310	295	70.6	72.1	70.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	130	75	60	15.3	17.4	14.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	410	205	205	48.2	47.7	48.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.4	2.3	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,075	1,995	2,080	10.9	10.8	10.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,275	2,605	2,670	14.1	14.1	14.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,120	13,845	14,270	75.0	75.1	75.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,785	1,310	1,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,930	960	975	69.3	73.3	66.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	755	435	325	27.1	33.2	22.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,175	520	650	42.2	39.7	44.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	605	230	370	21.7	17.6	25.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	185	90	95	6.6	6.9	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	30	35	2.3	2.3	2.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,785	1,310	1,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	40	55	3.2	3.1	3.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	895	430	465	32.1	32.8	31.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	60	80	5.0	4.6	5.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	155	90	65	5.6	6.9	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,500	695	805	53.9	53.1	54.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,470	18,445	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,660	1,760	1,900	9.8	9.5	10.0
South Asian	700	390	310	1.9	2.1	1.6
Chinese	220	75	145	0.6	0.4	0.8
Black	685	345	345	1.8	1.9	1.8
Filipino	1,345	630	715	3.6	3.4	3.8
Arab	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	275	155	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
Southeast Asian	150	40	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
West Asian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japanese	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	33,805	16,680	17,125	90.2	90.4	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,470	18,445	19,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,910	3,010	2,900	15.8	16.3	15.2
English	9,310	4,410	4,900	24.8	23.9	25.8
Irish	6,595	3,080	3,510	17.6	16.7	18.5
Scottish	7,335	3,445	3,885	19.6	18.7	20.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,940	2,550	2,395	13.2	13.8	12.6
German	8,270	3,990	4,275	22.1	21.6	22.5
Chinese	300	105	190	0.8	0.6	1.0
Italian	685	390	295	1.8	2.1	1.6
Indian (India)	390	220	170	1.0	1.2	0.9
Ukrainian	4,455	2,040	2,420	11.9	11.1	12.7
Dutch	2,030	915	1,120	5.4	5.0	5.9
Polish	1,990	900	1,095	5.3	4.9	5.8
Québécois	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,060	555	500	2.8	3.0	2.6
Filipino	1,265	610	665	3.4	3.3	3.5
French Canadian	435	210	230	1.2	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	845	480	360	2.3	2.6	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	880	435	440	2.3	2.4	2.3
Métis	1,790	945	845	4.8	5.1	4.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	685	315	370	1.8	1.7	1.9
Russian	880	395	485	2.3	2.1	2.5
Norwegian	1,525	680	840	4.1	3.7	4.4
Welsh	980	465	510	2.6	2.5	2.7
Portuguese	160	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	560	260	300	1.5	1.4	1.6
Spanish	220	100	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	1,195	520	675	3.2	2.8	3.5
Hungarian	630	295	335	1.7	1.6	1.8
Acadian	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	90	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jewish	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaican	135	55	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	105	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	675	330	350	1.8	1.8	1.8
Korean	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	300	165	140	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanese	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iranian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	685	350	340	1.8	1.9	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	285	110	180	0.8	0.6	0.9
Sikh	75	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	420	190	230	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belgian	265	150	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
Haitian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	195	115	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mennonite	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Swiss	250	130	115	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	180	60	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	130	75	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	265	130	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	65	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	170	80	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	130	65	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	50	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	295	165	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ghanaian	55	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Barbadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,465	18,450	19,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	130	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian	18,355	8,550	9,805	49.0	46.3	51.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,755	1,845	1,905	10.0	10.0	10.0
Anabaptist	65	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anglican	1,135	515	620	3.0	2.8	3.3
Baptist	250	95	155	0.7	0.5	0.8
Catholic	7,610	3,640	3,970	20.3	19.7	20.9
Christian Orthodox	345	130	210	0.9	0.7	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	285	115	165	0.8	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	315	175	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
Lutheran	1,040	460	580	2.8	2.5	3.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	40	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	520	215	305	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Reformed	110	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Church	1,580	690	890	4.2	3.7	4.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,145	505	650	3.1	2.7	3.4
Hindu	155	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	225	115	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	200	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	285	95	190	0.8	0.5	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	18,000	9,400	8,595	48.0	50.9	45.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,045	18,205	18,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	31,810	15,780	16,030	85.9	86.7	85.1
Movers	5,235	2,425	2,805	14.1	13.3	14.9
Non-migrants	2,675	1,200	1,480	7.2	6.6	7.9
Migrants	2,560	1,225	1,330	6.9	6.7	7.1
Internal migrants	2,465	1,190	1,280	6.7	6.5	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,135	1,020	1,115	5.8	5.6	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	330	170	165	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,115	17,205	17,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,780	9,355	9,420	53.5	54.4	52.6
Movers	16,335	7,850	8,485	46.5	45.6	47.4
Non-migrants	5,700	2,750	2,950	16.2	16.0	16.5
Migrants	10,635	5,100	5,535	30.3	29.6	30.9
Internal migrants	10,050	4,810	5,240	28.6	28.0	29.2
Intraprovincial migrants	8,505	4,135	4,370	24.2	24.0	24.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,545	680	865	4.4	4.0	4.8
External migrants	585	280	300	1.7	1.6	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,325	14,360	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,575	3,005	2,570	19.0	20.9	17.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,750	11,350	12,400	81.0	79.0	82.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,255	9,920	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,565	1,450	1,115	12.7	14.6	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,690	8,470	9,220	87.3	85.4	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,325	14,355	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,695	2,430	2,265	16.0	16.9	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,545	4,615	4,935	32.5	32.1	33.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,090	7,310	7,770	51.5	50.9	51.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,555	5,555	4,995	36.0	38.7	33.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,685	3,075	610	12.6	21.4	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	830	485	340	2.8	3.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,855	2,590	265	9.7	18.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,010	2,210	3,800	20.5	15.4	25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	860	275	585	2.9	1.9	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,530	1,755	2,775	15.4	12.2	18.5
Bachelor's degree	3,565	1,270	2,295	12.2	8.8	15.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	75	100	0.6	0.5	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	85	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	615	310	305	2.1	2.2	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	60	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,260	9,915	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,975	1,055	920	9.7	10.6	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,050	2,995	3,055	29.9	30.2	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,230	5,870	6,365	60.4	59.2	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,430	4,460	3,975	41.6	45.0	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,945	2,500	440	14.5	25.2	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	600	375	220	3.0	3.8	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,345	2,120	220	11.6	21.4	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,830	1,755	3,080	23.8	17.7	29.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	660	205	460	3.3	2.1	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,805	1,415	2,390	18.8	14.3	23.1
Bachelor's degree	3,015	1,020	1,995	14.9	10.3	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	140	55	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	520	265	255	2.6	2.7	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,325	14,355	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,240	7,045	7,195	48.6	49.1	48.1
Education	1,150	255	895	3.9	1.8	6.0
13. Education	1,150	255	895	3.9	1.8	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	115	220	1.1	0.8	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	295	95	205	1.0	0.7	1.4
Humanities	415	145	270	1.4	1.0	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	10	70	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	40	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,290	320	970	4.4	2.2	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	55	85	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	20	275	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	210	20	190	0.7	0.1	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	265	65	200	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	360	155	200	1.2	1.1	1.3
Business, management and public administration	2,960	975	1,985	10.1	6.8	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	25	135	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,800	955	1,850	9.5	6.7	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	385	200	180	1.3	1.4	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	80	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	45	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	190	165	1.2	1.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	265	155	110	0.9	1.1	0.7
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,355	4,010	350	14.9	27.9	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	75	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	280	245	35	1.0	1.7	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	900	755	150	3.1	5.3	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,265	1,225	45	4.3	8.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,130	1,110	25	3.9	7.7	0.2
48. Precision production	705	650	55	2.4	4.5	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	380	200	185	1.3	1.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	245	105	150	0.8	0.7	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	95	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	2,405	365	2,045	8.2	2.5	13.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	75	95	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,215	285	1,930	7.6	2.0	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,050	540	515	3.6	3.8	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	510	110	405	1.7	0.8	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	290	185	105	1.0	1.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	235	10	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,255	9,920	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,020	4,045	3,975	39.6	40.8	38.4
Education	880	185	695	4.3	1.9	6.7
13. Education	880	185	695	4.3	1.9	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	265	90	175	1.3	0.9	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	245	80	165	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	340	110	230	1.7	1.1	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,120	280	840	5.5	2.8	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	50	85	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	10	230	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	185	15	170	0.9	0.2	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	225	60	170	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	320	130	190	1.6	1.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	2,470	800	1,670	12.2	8.1	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	145	15	130	0.7	0.2	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,325	785	1,540	11.5	7.9	14.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	295	155	140	1.5	1.6	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	165	125	1.5	1.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	145	95	1.2	1.5	0.9
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,530	3,200	325	17.4	32.3	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	220	185	30	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	750	605	145	3.7	6.1	1.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,030	990	40	5.1	10.0	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	875	855	25	4.3	8.6	0.2
48. Precision production	580	540	40	2.9	5.4	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	305	145	165	1.5	1.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	70	125	1.0	0.7	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	75	40	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	1,880	300	1,580	9.3	3.0	15.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	50	90	0.7	0.5	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,725	250	1,475	8.5	2.5	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	850	440	415	4.2	4.4	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	405	90	310	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	260	170	90	1.3	1.7	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	190	175	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,255	9,920	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,020	4,045	3,975	39.6	40.8	38.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,235	5,870	6,360	60.4	59.2	61.5
Location of study inside Canada	10,850	5,215	5,635	53.6	52.6	54.5
Same as province or territory of residence	8,680	4,240	4,435	42.9	42.7	42.9
Different than province or territory of residence	2,170	975	1,195	10.7	9.8	11.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,385	655	735	6.8	6.6	7.1
Americas	325	155	170	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	245	120	125	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	265	150	115	1.3	1.5	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	25	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Africa	75	40	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	700	295	405	3.5	3.0	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	455	185	275	2.2	1.9	2.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	175	90	85	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	29,325	14,355	14,970	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,595	10,810	9,790	...	...	...
Employed	18,470	9,745	8,725	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,130	1,065	1,070	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,730	3,550	5,180	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.2	75.3	65.4	70.2	75.3	65.4
Employment rate	63.0	67.9	58.3	63.0	67.9	58.3
Unemployment rate	10.3	9.9	10.9	10.3	9.9	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	29,325	14,355	14,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,325	3,880	5,445	31.8	27.0	36.4
Worked	20,000	10,480	9,520	68.2	73.0	63.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,920	6,210	4,705	37.2	43.3	31.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,080	4,265	4,815	31.0	29.7	32.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.3	41.0	41.7	42.3	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,595	10,810	9,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	260	270	2.6	2.4	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,065	10,550	9,515	97.4	97.6	97.2
Employee	17,905	9,390	8,515	86.9	86.9	87.0
Permanent position	15,365	8,095	7,270	74.6	74.9	74.3
Temporary position	2,540	1,295	1,255	12.3	12.0	12.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	610	255	350	3.0	2.4	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,930	1,035	900	9.4	9.6	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,160	1,165	1,000	10.5	10.8	10.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,595	10,810	9,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	260	270	2.6	2.4	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,065	10,550	9,515	97.4	97.6	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	105	35	0.7	1.0	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,375	785	2,585	16.4	7.3	26.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,210	915	295	5.9	8.5	3.0
3 Health occupations	1,315	200	1,115	6.4	1.9	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,055	650	1,410	10.0	6.0	14.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	320	95	220	1.6	0.9	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	5,005	1,900	3,095	24.3	17.6	31.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,375	4,850	525	26.1	44.9	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	570	470	105	2.8	4.3	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	710	570	135	3.4	5.3	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,595	10,810	9,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	530	260	270	2.6	2.4	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	20,065	10,550	9,515	97.4	97.6	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	160	90	70	0.8	0.8	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	820	705	110	4.0	6.5	1.1
22 Utilities	290	230	65	1.4	2.1	0.7
23 Construction	2,960	2,470	485	14.4	22.8	5.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,200	925	280	5.8	8.6	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,020	660	360	5.0	6.1	3.7
44-45 Retail trade	2,395	1,040	1,350	11.6	9.6	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,035	735	295	5.0	6.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	195	100	95	0.9	0.9	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	685	135	550	3.3	1.2	5.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	340	160	180	1.7	1.5	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	965	530	430	4.7	4.9	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	700	390	310	3.4	3.6	3.2
61 Educational services	1,135	220	915	5.5	2.0	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,065	275	1,795	10.0	2.5	18.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	345	155	190	1.7	1.4	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,345	515	835	6.5	4.8	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,025	505	515	5.0	4.7	5.3
91 Public administration	1,340	690	645	6.5	6.4	6.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,535	11,260	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,245	11,145	10,100	98.7	99.0	98.3
French	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	125	40	90	0.6	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	100	60	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,535	11,260	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,480	11,230	10,250	99.7	99.7	99.8
Official languages	21,445	11,220	10,225	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	21,390	11,210	10,180	99.3	99.6	99.1
French	60	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,535	11,260	10,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,350	11,180	10,170	99.1	99.3	99.0
English	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,465	9,745	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,025	1,100	1,925	16.4	11.3	22.1
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,585	2,800	785	19.4	28.7	9.0
Usual place of work	11,845	5,835	6,010	64.1	59.9	68.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,840	5,835	6,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,335	1,580	2,755	36.6	27.1	45.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,915	3,790	3,125	58.4	65.0	52.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	510	395	120	4.3	6.8	2.0
Commute to a different province or territory	85	70	15	0.7	1.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,430	8,635	6,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,360	8,025	6,330	93.1	92.9	93.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,535	7,635	5,900	87.7	88.4	86.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	825	390	435	5.3	4.5	6.4
Public transit	175	115	55	1.1	1.3	0.8
Walked	435	210	220	2.8	2.4	3.2
Bicycle	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other method	430	255	170	2.8	3.0	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,430	8,635	6,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,945	1,990	2,950	32.0	23.0	43.4
15 to 29 minutes	5,010	2,970	2,045	32.5	34.4	30.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,470	2,205	1,270	22.5	25.5	18.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,365	945	420	8.8	10.9	6.2
60 minutes and over	645	530	115	4.2	6.1	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,430	8,635	6,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,445	1,165	275	9.4	13.5	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,410	2,380	1,030	22.1	27.6	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,165	2,230	1,930	27.0	25.8	28.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,575	1,025	1,550	16.7	11.9	22.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,415	485	925	9.2	5.6	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,420	1,345	1,075	15.7	15.6	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,810	4,950	4,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	660	345	315	6.7	7.0	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,150	4,600	4,550	93.3	92.9	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,230	3,650	3,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	485	260	230	6.7	7.1	6.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	85	80	2.3	2.3	2.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	320	165	150	4.4	4.5	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,745	3,400	3,345	93.3	93.2	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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