Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Strathcona County, Specialized municipality (SM)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	99,225	...	...
Population, 2016¹	98,024^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,203	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,128	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	84.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,170.65	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	99,225	49,060	50,165
0 to 14 years	17,455	8,855	8,595
0 to 4 years	4,580	2,395	2,185
5 to 9 years	5,965	3,015	2,950
10 to 14 years	6,915	3,450	3,460
15 to 64 years	64,260	32,000	32,260
15 to 19 years	6,635	3,355	3,280
20 to 24 years	5,315	2,875	2,435
25 to 29 years	4,690	2,385	2,305
30 to 34 years	5,745	2,885	2,860
35 to 39 years	6,605	3,220	3,385
40 to 44 years	6,760	3,300	3,455
45 to 49 years	6,910	3,375	3,535
50 to 54 years	7,100	3,435	3,665
55 to 59 years	7,420	3,630	3,795
60 to 64 years	7,080	3,530	3,545
65 years and over	17,510	8,205	9,305
65 to 69 years	5,630	2,755	2,880
70 to 74 years	4,840	2,260	2,580
75 to 79 years	3,320	1,605	1,715
80 to 84 years	2,005	935	1,070
85 years and over	1,715	650	1,065
85 to 89 years	1,110	455	655
90 to 94 years	500	165	340
95 to 99 years	95	30	65
100 years and over	15	5	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.0	17.1
15 to 64 years	64.8	65.2	64.3
65 years and over	17.6	16.7	18.5
85 years and over	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	41.4	40.6	42.1
Median age of the population	42.4	41.6	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,125	...	...
Single-detached house	29,545	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,130	...	...
Row house	1,595	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	90	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,495	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	330	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	940	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,125	...	...
1 person	7,190	...	...
2 persons	14,160	...	...
3 persons	5,840	...	...
4 persons	6,450	...	...
5 or more persons	3,480	...	...
Number of persons in private households	97,730	48,555	49,175
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,775	40,200	41,570
Married or living common-law	52,605	26,280	26,325
Married	45,900	22,940	22,960
Living common-law	6,705	3,340	3,360
Living common law - Never married	4,285	2,180	2,110
Living common law - Separated	290	155	130
Living common law - Divorced	1,940	925	1,020
Living common law - Widowed	190	85	110
Not married and not living common-law	29,170	13,920	15,250
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,165	10,580	8,585
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,585	670	920
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,550	1,835	2,715
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,865	845	3,025
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,495	...	...
2 persons	14,655	...	...
3 persons	5,750	...	...
4 persons	6,310	...	...
5 or more persons	2,785	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,495	...	...
Total couple families	25,935	...	...
Married couples	22,585	...	...
With children⁶	12,080	...	...
Without children	10,505	...	...
Common-law couples	3,350	...	...
With children⁶	1,255	...	...
Without children	2,095	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,560	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,625	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	935	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	97,730	48,555	49,175
Total - Persons in census families	86,485	43,165	43,325
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,870	25,895	25,970
Parents in one-parent families	3,560	935	2,625
Children⁶	31,055	16,335	14,725
In a two-parent family	25,525	13,330	12,195
In a one-parent family	5,530	3,000	2,525
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	11,245	5,390	5,855
Living alone	7,195	3,260	3,930
Living with other relatives⁷	1,695	750	945
Living with non-relatives only	2,360	1,380	975
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,130	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,910	...	...
Couple-family households	24,030	...	...
With children⁶	12,370	...	...
Without children	11,660	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,880	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	760	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,050	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,030	...	...
One-person households	7,190	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,325	39,715	40,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,540	37,925	38,615
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	70,000	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,605	37,955	38,650
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	59,200	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,125	36,255	35,870
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	65,500	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,395	30,370	28,025
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	67,000	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,140	31,700	33,435
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,120	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,225	3,535	3,685
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,500	8,625	9,880
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,325	39,720	40,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,510	37,815	38,695
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	71,900	89,600	54,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,565	37,840	38,725
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	70,300	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,040	36,060	35,980
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	67,800	86,400	49,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,390	30,350	28,040
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,500	82,400	49,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	64,945	31,390	33,555
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,480	8,750	10,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,920	3,365	3,550
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,260	6,780	7,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,245	8,430	9,810
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,490	8,350	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,325	39,720	40,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,440	16,530	11,910
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	98,000	71,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,600	115,100	78,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,985	10,210	12,775
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	28,000	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,640	49,800	29,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.8	91.8	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.6	73.8	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.2	8.1	16.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.2	2.3	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	2.1	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,325	39,715	40,605
Without total income	3,780	1,790	1,990
With total income	76,545	37,930	38,615
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,750	2,165	3,580
$10,000 to $19,999	6,590	2,310	4,275
$20,000 to $29,999	8,915	3,495	5,420
$30,000 to $39,999	7,265	2,770	4,495
$40,000 to $49,999	6,920	2,840	4,085
$50,000 to $59,999	6,065	2,685	3,375
$60,000 to $69,999	5,665	2,740	2,930
$70,000 to $79,999	4,925	2,635	2,290
$80,000 to $89,999	4,115	2,320	1,795
$90,000 to $99,999	3,845	2,180	1,665
$100,000 and over	16,485	11,775	4,705
$100,000 to $149,999	10,100	6,605	3,495
$150,000 and over	6,380	5,170	1,210
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,325	39,715	40,605
Without after-tax income	3,715	1,755	1,955
With after-tax income	76,610	37,960	38,650
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,180	2,295	3,885
$10,000 to $19,999	6,920	2,430	4,495
$20,000 to $29,999	10,025	3,940	6,080
$30,000 to $39,999	8,850	3,455	5,395
$40,000 to $49,999	8,175	3,575	4,600
$50,000 to $59,999	7,485	3,615	3,870
$60,000 to $69,999	6,415	3,485	2,925
$70,000 to $79,999	5,235	2,995	2,240
$80,000 to $89,999	4,340	2,545	1,795
$90,000 to $99,999	3,295	2,125	1,175
$100,000 and over	9,685	7,495	2,190
$100,000 to $124,999	4,465	3,260	1,205
$125,000 and over	5,225	4,240	985
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,325	39,715	40,605
Without employment income	21,935	9,350	12,580
With employment income	58,395	30,370	28,020
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,445	3,635	3,810
$5,000 to $9,999	3,845	1,615	2,235
$10,000 to $19,999	5,595	2,200	3,390
$20,000 to $29,999	4,200	1,765	2,435
$30,000 to $39,999	3,835	1,580	2,250
$40,000 to $49,999	3,665	1,570	2,095
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	1,585	2,105
$60,000 to $69,999	3,715	1,680	2,030
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,690	1,545
$80,000 to $89,999	3,070	1,690	1,375
$90,000 to $99,999	3,150	1,730	1,420
$100,000 and over	12,950	9,610	3,340
$100,000 to $124,999	5,275	3,360	1,915
$125,000 and over	7,675	6,250	1,420
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,325	39,715	40,610
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,190	37,200	37,990
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,000	72,500	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,245	37,215	38,035
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	61,200	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,550	35,920	35,630
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	70,000	39,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,015	30,595	28,425
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,400	72,000	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,305	30,210	31,095
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,680	980	4,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,040	2,390	2,650
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,440	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,325	39,720	40,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,155	37,090	38,065
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	73,000	92,700	53,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,215	37,105	38,115
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,450	72,300	44,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,365	35,705	35,660
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	71,100	91,300	50,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,740	30,465	28,275
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,600	88,900	50,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,200	30,050	31,155
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,670	5,930	7,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,805	2,285	2,520
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,810	6,540	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,305	16,445	11,860
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	99,000	69,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	100,900	118,900	76,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,885	9,705	12,180
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,600	40,400	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	47,880	63,100	35,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.6	94.8	88.8
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.8	70.4
Government transfers (%)	7.4	5.2	11.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,125	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,190	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	29,935	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,130	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,190	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	29,935	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	166,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,125	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	205	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	505	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	690	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	540	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	655	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	765	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	780	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,740	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,820	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,045	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,920	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,975	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,675	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,150	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,175	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,040	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,125	...	...
Under $5,000	230	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	750	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	660	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	815	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	975	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,425	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,440	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,460	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,610	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,470	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,385	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,750	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,245	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,840	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,390	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,355	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,550	4,640	4,910
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600	63,600	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	53,600	44,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,265	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	165,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,880	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,350	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	201,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,390	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,515	4,650	4,865
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	67,900	76,800	59,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,400	61,800	49,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	97,730	48,555	49,175
0 to 17 years	21,400	10,875	10,520
0 to 5 years	5,695	2,950	2,745
18 to 64 years	59,975	29,810	30,165
65 years and over	16,360	7,870	8,490
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,280	1,975	2,310
0 to 17 years	1,115	565	550
0 to 5 years	295	150	145
18 to 64 years	2,340	1,110	1,230
65 years and over	830	305	525
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.4	4.1	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	3.7	4.1
65 years and over (%)	5.1	3.8	6.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	97,730	48,555	49,175
0 to 17 years	21,395	10,880	10,520
0 to 5 years	5,695	2,950	2,740
18 to 64 years	59,970	29,810	30,165
65 years and over	16,360	7,870	8,490
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,190	1,070	1,120
0 to 17 years	490	240	255
0 to 5 years	130	65	65
18 to 64 years	1,460	725	735
65 years and over	235	100	135
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.2	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175
In bottom half of the distribution	28,145	13,390	14,755
In bottom decile	3,695	1,795	1,900
In second decile	4,760	2,095	2,670
In third decile	5,300	2,515	2,785
In fourth decile	6,510	3,120	3,395
In fifth decile	7,870	3,865	4,010
In top half of the distribution	69,590	35,165	34,420
In sixth decile	9,185	4,485	4,700
In seventh decile	10,965	5,460	5,500
In eighth decile	12,780	6,435	6,345
In ninth decile	15,945	8,105	7,835
In top decile	20,720	10,680	10,040
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	97,730	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	98,240	48,730	49,510
English only	91,375	45,810	45,560
French only	30	15	15
English and French	6,530	2,780	3,750
Neither English nor French	310	125	185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	98,240	48,730	49,510
English	96,295	47,830	48,465
French	1,520	720	795
English and French	135	65	70
Neither English nor French	290	115	175
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	98,240	48,730	49,510
Single responses	96,405	47,880	48,530
Official languages	88,085	44,030	44,050
English	86,435	43,245	43,190
French	1,655	785	865
Non-official languages	8,320	3,840	4,475
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20
Algonquian languages	25	5	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	10	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	5	5	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,285	3,825	4,455
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	115	100
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	10	5	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	205	110	95
Amharic	10	0	10
Arabic	190	100	90
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	40	60
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	90	30	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,395	595	805
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10
Cebuano	20	5	15
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	40	20	25
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	10
Pangasinan	15	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,265	540	725
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	165	90	80
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	70	35	35
Tamil	80	45	35
Telugu	20	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,535	2,610	2,925
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,355	615	735
Baltic languages	25	10	10
Latvian	15	5	5
Lithuanian	15	10	5
Slavic languages	1,335	605	730
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	50	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	280	135	150
Russian	140	45	90
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	145	70	75
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	100	50	50
Serbian	40	20	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	680	320	365
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,780	830	950
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,250	560	690
German	1,230	560	675
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420	220	205
Afrikaans	70	40	35
Dutch	315	160	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	25	15	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	105	50	55
Danish	70	35	35
Icelandic	5	0	0
Norwegian	20	10	5
Swedish	15	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	640	650
Indo-Aryan languages	1,230	610	620
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	135	65	75
Hindi	105	45	65
Kacchi	30	15	15
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	5	5	0
Marathi	40	20	20
Nepali	25	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	735	380	350
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15
Urdu	95	45	50
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Iranian languages	65	35	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	5
Persian languages	55	25	30
Dari	15	10	10
Iranian Persian	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,050	495	560
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	180	85	95
Portuguese	140	70	75
Romanian	55	30	25
Spanish	675	305	365
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	35	10	25
Korean	95	40	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	5	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	5
American Sign Language	15	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	210	275
Chinese languages	465	200	265
Hakka	10	5	10
Mandarin	220	100	115
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	220	90	130
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5
Burmese	10	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25
Lao	15	5	10
Thai	25	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	15
Azerbaijani	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	90	40	50
Estonian	5	0	5
Finnish	15	5	5
Hungarian	70	30	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,840	855	985
English and French	440	205	235
English and non-official language(s)	1,240	580	660
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	98,240	48,730	49,510
English	89,260	44,580	44,680
French	310	140	170
Non-official language	1,435	680	755
Indigenous³⁹	0	5	0
Non-Indigenous	1,435	675	755
English and French	990	430	555
English and non-official language(s)	5,910	2,750	3,160
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	175	75	95
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	80
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	98,240	48,730	49,510
Single responses	96,925	48,120	48,805
Official languages	93,530	46,500	47,030
English	93,070	46,295	46,775
French	455	200	255
Non-official languages	3,400	1,625	1,770
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,395	1,625	1,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	40	40
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	75	40	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	885	400	485
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	15	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5
Ilocano	25	15	15
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	805	365	440
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	20	20
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	10	5	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,880	915	965
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	130	135
Baltic languages	10	10	10
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	255	125	130
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	75	35	35
Russian	55	25	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	30	15	15
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	60	30	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	300	145	160
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	235	110	120
German	235	110	120
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30
Afrikaans	35	15	20
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	850	415	435
Indo-Aryan languages	810	395	415
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	80	35	45
Hindi	55	30	30
Kacchi	15	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	5
Nepali	20	10	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	525	265	255
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	15
Urdu	60	20	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Iranian languages	40	20	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	10	5	5
Persian languages	30	15	10
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	460	225	235
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	40	20	15
Romanian	35	20	15
Spanish	375	180	195
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	10
Korean	60	30	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	20	10
American Sign Language	25	15	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	105	115
Chinese languages	215	105	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	135	65	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	5	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15
Lao	15	5	5
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,320	610	705
English and French	150	60	95
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	525	600
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	98,240	48,730	49,510
None	92,115	45,910	46,210
English	1,795	875	920
French	740	325	420
Non-official language	3,075	1,405	1,670
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20
Non-Indigenous	3,045	1,395	1,645
English and French	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	175	70	100
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	55
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	235	95	140
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	97,730	48,560	49,175
Official languages	97,455	48,425	49,025
English	97,405	48,405	49,005
French	6,725	2,810	3,920
Non-official languages	11,385	5,375	6,005
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	30	65
Algonquian languages	70	15	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	15	55
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	70	15	55
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	10	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10
Cree, n.o.s.	20	0	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	20	15	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,300	5,345	5,950
Afro-Asiatic languages	410	245	170
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0
Somali	15	10	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	395	230	160
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	370	220	140
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	0	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	20	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0
Vietnamese	45	15	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	1,940	835	1,100
Bikol	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	35	10	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10
Ilocano	130	50	80
Indonesian	40	15	20
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	40	25	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	20
Pangasinan	40	15	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,855	795	1,060
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15
Creole languages	60	25	35
Haitian Creole	15	15	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Dravidian languages	220	110	115
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	25	15
Tamil	170	90	80
Telugu	40	10	30
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	7,400	3,575	3,825
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,740	775	965
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,740	775	965
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Czech	75	50	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	410	195	215
Russian	195	65	120
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	140	75	70
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	115	60	55
Serbian	30	10	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	40	0	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	985	435	550
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	10	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	2,115	1,055	1,065
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	1,505	730	770
German	1,500	730	760
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	0	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	515	275	245
Afrikaans	75	40	35
Dutch	395	215	180
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	35	10	25
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	155	80	70
Danish	85	35	45
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	35	20	15
Swedish	45	25	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,910	995	915
Indo-Aryan languages	1,860	970	885
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	80	50	25
Gujarati	180	95	90
Hindi	760	385	375
Kacchi	45	25	20
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	70	25	40
Nepali	30	20	10
Oriya languages	10	10	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,045	570	475
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	90	40	50
Urdu	210	90	120
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	30	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	55	30	25
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,795	825	965
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	385	180	205
Portuguese	210	115	100
Romanian	60	25	30
Spanish	1,240	550	685
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Japanese	145	65	80
Korean	115	45	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	305	165	135
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	35	20	15
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	15	10	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	125	80	50
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	90	40	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	145	45	105
American Sign Language	140	45	95
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	610	280	330
Chinese languages	605	280	325
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	380	175	210
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	110	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	40
Lao	40	20	20
Thai	55	30	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	45	20	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	155	55	100
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	30	10	20
Hungarian	120	40	80
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,600	2,220	2,380
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,435	2,105	2,330
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,260	585	675
Métis	3,100	1,480	1,620
Inuk (Inuit)	65	40	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	120	90	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	20	25
Non-Indigenous identity	93,130	46,340	46,795
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	97,730	48,555	49,175
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	945	435	510
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	96,785	48,120	48,665
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,130	...	...
Owner	32,215	...	...
Renter	4,910	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,130	...	...
Condominium	4,725	...	...
Not condominium	32,400	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,130	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	1,355	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,655	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,600	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,130	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,380	...	...
5 rooms	4,090	...	...
6 rooms	5,265	...	...
7 rooms	5,630	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,130	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,875	...	...
More than one person per room	255	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,130	...	...
Suitable	36,485	...	...
Not suitable	645	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,130	...	...
1960 or before	1,570	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,595	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,130	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,815	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,295	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,260	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,200	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,270	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,130	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,650	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,480	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,130	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,760	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,825	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,545	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,130	...	...
15 to 24 years	475	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,175	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,760	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,710	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,150	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,000	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,105	...	...
85 years and over	760	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,765	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,280	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,485	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,980	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,130	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,155	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,075	...	...
Not suitable only	500	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,975	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,260	...	...
In core need	1,770	...	...
Not in core need	34,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,718	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,900	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,578	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	97,730	48,555	49,175
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,090	565	520
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,030	530	500
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	515	240	275
Métis single ancestry	490	285	210
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	35	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,440	2,135	2,305
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,280	2,020	2,255
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,965	930	1,035
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,260	1,070	1,195
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	160	110	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	105	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	92,200	45,855	46,345
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	97,730	48,555	49,170
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,400	46,920	47,480
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,080	10,765	10,315
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,320	36,160	37,160
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,330	1,635	1,695
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	97,730	48,555	49,170
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	86,925	43,290	43,630
Immigrants⁸¹	10,495	5,110	5,385
Before 1980	3,050	1,565	1,485
1980 to 1990	1,185	565	620
1991 to 2000	1,035	480	555
2001 to 2010	1,950	955	1,000
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,270	1,550	1,720
2011 to 2015	1,735	800	935
2016 to 2021	1,535	745	790
Non-permanent residents⁸³	315	160	160
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,495	5,110	5,385
Under 5 years	1,195	645	545
5 to 14 years	2,120	1,115	1,005
15 to 24 years	1,925	835	1,090
25 to 44 years	4,390	2,050	2,335
45 years and over	860	455	405
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,495	5,110	5,385
Americas	1,340	665	675
Brazil	50	25	25
Colombia	110	50	60
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	50	25	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	20	30
Mexico	95	45	45
Peru	35	10	25
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20
United States of America	620	325	300
Other places of birth in Americas	275	140	140
Europe	4,060	2,085	1,970
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15
Croatia	55	35	25
France	45	15	30
Germany	490	235	250
Greece	15	10	0
Hungary	55	35	25
Italy	140	95	45
Netherlands	320	205	115
Poland	305	160	150
Portugal	55	30	25
Romania	45	20	25
Russian Federation	35	10	25
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	70	20	55
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,970	1,005	965
Other places of birth in Europe	430	210	220
Africa	740	370	375
Algeria	20	20	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	20
Egypt	45	35	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	20	0	15
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	120	55	60
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	200	80	120
Other places of birth in Africa	300	145	150
Asia	4,175	1,885	2,285
Afghanistan	35	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	80	40	45
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15
Turkey	35	20	10
China⁹⁰	220	95	125
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	45	30
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	55
Taiwan	20	10	10
Philippines	1,795	770	1,025
Viet Nam	35	0	30
Bangladesh	40	20	25
India	1,055	520	535
Pakistan	135	65	70
Sri Lanka	50	15	30
Other places of birth in Asia	450	200	245
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	175	100	80
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,530	745	785
Americas	195	100	95
Brazil	25	10	15
Colombia	10	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	35	15	15
United States of America	70	45	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25
Europe	225	120	105
France	0	0	0
Germany	25	0	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	40
Other places of birth in Europe	60	30	30
Africa	175	85	90
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	75	35	35
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	35
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	15	25
Asia	930	430	495
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	155	85	70
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	20	10	0
Pakistan	15	10	10
Philippines	580	265	315
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	25	0	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10
Australia	10	0	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	97,730	48,560	49,175
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,685	5,745	5,935
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,375	7,720	7,660
Third generation or more¹⁰²	70,670	35,090	35,580
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,445	3,545	3,900
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,840	2,350	2,490
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,975	1,195	775
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,870	1,155	1,710
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,140	925	1,220
Refugees¹⁰⁸	410	240	170
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,445	3,545	3,900
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	80	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,785	840	945
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	295	150	145
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	320	155	160
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	15	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,895	2,300	2,590
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	97,730	48,555	49,175
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,190	4,585	4,600
South Asian	2,650	1,400	1,245
Chinese	900	440	460
Black	985	535	455
Filipino	2,340	1,040	1,300
Arab	275	160	120
Latin American	570	280	295
Southeast Asian	480	230	250
West Asian	95	55	40
Korean	145	60	85
Japanese	270	135	135
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	160	85	75
Multiple visible minorities	320	155	165
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	88,545	43,970	44,575
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	97,730	48,555	49,175
Canadian	13,345	6,870	6,475
English	24,130	11,585	12,545
Irish	17,450	8,190	9,265
Scottish	19,470	9,355	10,115
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,970	5,130	5,835
German	20,890	10,280	10,610
Chinese	1,160	570	590
Italian	2,430	1,270	1,160
Indian (India)	1,690	900	795
Ukrainian	16,830	8,210	8,625
Dutch	5,185	2,760	2,425
Polish	6,740	3,245	3,495
Québécois	115	55	60
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,055	2,045	2,015
Filipino	2,260	990	1,270
French Canadian	1,030	505	525
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,200	600	600
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,185	585	595
Métis	2,975	1,490	1,480
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,775	915	860
Russian	2,180	1,015	1,170
Norwegian	5,390	2,510	2,880
Welsh	2,685	1,285	1,395
Portuguese	455	240	215
American	1,740	865	880
Spanish	595	285	315
Swedish	3,475	1,585	1,890
Hungarian	1,295	655	640
Acadian	260	140	120
Pakistani	195	85	110
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	240	115	125
Jewish	265	130	135
Punjabi	295	170	125
Vietnamese	100	35	60
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	50	50
Greek	365	200	165
Jamaican	200	115	85
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	265	110	150
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	690	320	370
Korean	140	60	80
Romanian	900	450	450
Lebanese	280	155	125
Iranian	45	15	25
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	130	105
Danish	1,640	835	805
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	135	140
Sikh	370	195	170
Austrian	1,450	645	805
Belgian	750	340	415
Haitian	20	15	0
Hindu	155	75	75
Mexican	215	105	110
Mennonite	495	260	235
Swiss	610	275	335
Finnish	520	280	250
Sri Lankan	70	25	40
Croatian	350	160	190
Japanese	355	175	180
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	90	60	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	60	100
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	730	320	410
Muslim	40	30	10
Egyptian	105	55	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	40	55
Tamil	40	20	25
Icelandic	580	305	270
Colombian	110	65	50
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	575	280	295
Syrian	80	40	45
Guyanese	85	45	40
Afghan	20	15	10
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30
Serbian	100	45	55
Ojibway	90	30	55
Newfoundlander	160	75	85
Hong Konger	45	20	25
Ontarian	55	20	30
Persian	35	15	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	40	45
Turkish	120	65	60
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	40	35
Bangladeshi	50	30	20
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	65	35	30
Nigerian	130	85	45
Armenian	35	20	15
Slovak	185	70	115
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	265	140	125
Somali	25	15	10
Taiwanese	10	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	25	15	0
African Caribbean	20	0	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	30	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	55	50
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	35
Algonquin	15	0	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	195	95	100
South African	230	115	115
Australian	235	115	120
Palestinian	45	25	25
Chilean	210	115	95
Congolese	40	25	15
Nova Scotian	50	30	20
Ethiopian	50	30	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	10	15
Peruvian	30	15	20
Yoruba	55	25	30
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	45	25	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	155	90	70
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	65	65
New Brunswicker	15	10	0
Gujarati	40	25	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	25	0
Israeli	20	10	10
Mohawk	25	25	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	185	85	105
Bulgarian	30	10	20
Albertan	695	355	340
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	55	20	35
African American	55	30	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	55	115
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	130	50	75
Cuban	40	20	20
Bosnian	10	0	0
Venezuelan	80	35	50
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	150	70	80
Bengali	25	15	15
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	70	40	30
Laotian	35	20	15
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	65	20	45
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	25	35
British Columbian	65	30	35
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	45	30	15
Estonian	45	20	25
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	55	45	10
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	40	20	20
Dominican	20	10	0
Nepali	35	25	15
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	25	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	20
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	30	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	20	15
New Zealander	110	60	50
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	25	35
Malaysian	40	15	20
Plains Cree	30	10	15
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	145	60	85
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	20	30
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	15	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	20	0	15
Kenyan	25	10	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	25	0	20
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	10	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	60	35	30
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	30	0	35
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	25	10	15
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	80	55	25
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	45	30	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	20	0	20
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	15	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	15	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	75	30	45
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	35	15	15
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	97,730	48,555	49,175
Buddhist	340	160	185
Christian	53,625	25,205	28,425
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,750	5,150	5,600
Anabaptist	170	95	70
Anglican	2,525	1,165	1,360
Baptist	1,015	475	540
Catholic	21,685	10,265	11,425
Christian Orthodox	1,305	615	685
Jehovah's Witness	290	135	150
Latter Day Saints	805	375	430
Lutheran	3,410	1,590	1,820
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	70	95
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	935	460	475
Presbyterian	400	200	195
Reformed	250	120	130
United Church	5,420	2,305	3,120
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,500	2,170	2,335
Hindu	675	335	345
Jewish	45	25	25
Muslim	890	470	415
Sikh	935	520	415
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	40	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	560	265	295
No religion and secular perspectives	40,595	21,540	19,050
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	96,975	48,175	48,800
Non-movers	88,290	43,900	44,390
Movers	8,680	4,275	4,410
Non-migrants	4,970	2,440	2,530
Migrants	3,710	1,835	1,875
Internal migrants	3,475	1,720	1,760
Intraprovincial migrants	2,995	1,495	1,500
Interprovincial migrants	485	225	260
External migrants	235	115	120
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	93,165	46,190	46,975
Non-movers	63,270	31,690	31,580
Movers	29,895	14,500	15,395
Non-migrants	14,865	7,080	7,785
Migrants	15,025	7,420	7,610
Internal migrants	13,970	6,910	7,060
Intraprovincial migrants	11,860	5,995	5,865
Interprovincial migrants	2,110	915	1,195
External migrants	1,055	510	545
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,120	6,220	4,910
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	69,200	33,505	35,700
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,020	25,610	26,410
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,800	2,355	1,450
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	48,215	23,255	24,960
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,325	39,720	40,605
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,340	4,960	4,380
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	23,515	11,015	12,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,465	23,740	23,725
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,525	16,215	13,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,285	7,675	1,610
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,980	1,235	750
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,305	6,445	860
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,370	7,470	9,905
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,865	1,070	1,795
Bachelor's degree or higher	17,950	7,535	10,415
Bachelor's degree	13,460	5,400	8,055
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	830	350	480
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	195	155
Master's degree	2,870	1,330	1,540
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	255	190
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,015	25,610	26,410
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,760	1,620	1,145
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,955	6,160	6,795
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,300	17,835	18,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,365	12,295	10,070
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,950	5,860	1,090
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,320	895	425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,630	4,965	665
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,295	5,630	7,660
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,125	805	1,320
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,930	5,535	8,390
Bachelor's degree	10,505	4,035	6,465
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	595	250	340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	135	135
Master's degree	2,250	945	1,310
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	305	165	140
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,320	39,720	40,605
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,855	15,975	16,880
Education	4,245	1,025	3,225
13. Education	4,245	1,025	3,225
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	895	325	570
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	90	50
50. Visual and performing arts	750	235	525
Humanities	1,375	550	825
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	15	50
23. English language and literature/letters	260	70	195
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	445	170	275
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	50	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	175	145
54. History	120	70	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,740	1,175	2,560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	30
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	420	205	220
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	635	25	610
22. Legal professions and studies	690	185	505
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	20	10
42. Psychology	865	190	675
45. Social sciences	1,055	540	510
Business, management and public administration	9,275	3,540	5,735
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	525	85	440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,735	3,455	5,280
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,660	875	790
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	655	265	390
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	410	205	205
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	395	305	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	180	90	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,260	755	505
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	985	665	315
25. Library science	115	0	115
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,875	12,690	1,190
04. Architecture and related services	320	205	115
14. Engineering	2,010	1,670	340
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,050	3,525	520
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,405	3,290	115
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,285	2,250	40
48. Precision production	1,805	1,740	65
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	595	500
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	325	355
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	270	150
Health and related fields	7,700	1,180	6,520
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	705	300	405
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,895	830	6,065
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	45	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,350	1,045	1,305
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,365	245	1,120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0
43. Security and protective services	575	410	165
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	370	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,020	25,610	26,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,720	7,775	7,940
Education	2,860	620	2,240
13. Education	2,860	620	2,240
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	695	240	460
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	50	40
50. Visual and performing arts	605	185	420
Humanities	1,030	415	610
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	45
23. English language and literature/letters	190	60	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	155	200
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	25	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	230	110	120
54. History	90	50	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,055	910	2,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	175	190
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	515	15	490
22. Legal professions and studies	580	135	445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10
42. Psychology	695	135	565
45. Social sciences	845	425	420
Business, management and public administration	7,275	2,730	4,545
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	65	330
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,880	2,665	4,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,175	615	560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	445	175	270
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	155	145
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	275	215	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	85	65
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,015	605	405
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825	555	270
25. Library science	70	0	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	115	50	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,700	9,635	1,065
04. Architecture and related services	265	165	95
14. Engineering	1,535	1,220	315
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,215	2,755	455
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,625	2,515	110
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,700	1,670	30
48. Precision production	1,365	1,310	60
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	805	375	430
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	195	285
03. Natural resources and conservation	320	180	140
Health and related fields	5,905	880	5,025
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	585	220	365
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,250	620	4,625
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	30	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780	800	980
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,000	175	835
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0
43. Security and protective services	460	335	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	295	280	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,020	25,610	26,410
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,720	7,775	7,940
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,300	17,830	18,465
Location of study inside Canada	32,890	16,265	16,625
Same as province or territory of residence	28,135	13,955	14,170
Different than province or territory of residence	4,755	2,305	2,455
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,410	1,570	1,840
Americas	880	460	425
United States of America	650	365	290
Mexico	45	20	25
Cuba	20	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	25	0	15
Colombia	50	25	25
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	15
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	30
Europe	715	370	345
Belgium	10	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	85	35	50
Netherlands	35	20	15
Switzerland	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	40	25	15
Romania	15	0	10
Russian Federation	15	0	15
Ukraine	20	0	15
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405	225	180
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	30	30
Africa	180	85	90
Nigeria	60	30	35
Algeria	15	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	20	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	10
Asia	1,520	590	930
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	15	40
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30
Philippines	825	305	515
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	20	10	10
Sri Lanka	25	15	10
India	395	165	230
Pakistan	40	15	25
Other locations of study in Asia	50	15	35
Oceania	115	65	45
Australia	70	35	40
New Zealand	30	25	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,325	39,720	40,605
In the labour force	54,410	28,455	25,945
Employed	49,450	25,835	23,610
Unemployed	4,960	2,620	2,340
Not in the labour force	25,920	11,265	14,655
Participation rate	67.7	71.6	63.9
Employment rate	61.6	65.0	58.1
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.2	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,320	39,720	40,605
Did not work¹⁸⁶	26,120	11,345	14,770
Worked	54,205	28,375	25,835
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,550	17,260	12,285
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,655	11,110	13,545
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,405	28,460	25,945
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325
Employee	44,705	22,680	22,025
Permanent position	37,835	19,315	18,520
Temporary position	6,865	3,365	3,500
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,805	850	960
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,060	2,520	2,540
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,425	5,120	3,305
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,405	28,460	25,945
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	920	690	235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,155	2,645	7,515
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,250	3,210	1,045
3 Health occupations	4,255	645	3,610
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,200	2,080	4,125
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,260	495	765
6 Sales and service occupations	11,335	4,975	6,360
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,765	9,685	1,080
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,640	1,300	335
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,345	2,080	265
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,405	28,460	25,945
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,275	660	620
All industries¹⁹¹	53,130	27,800	25,325
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	740	420	325
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,090	1,710	380
22 Utilities	640	445	200
23 Construction	6,225	4,980	1,240
31-33 Manufacturing	3,600	2,805	795
41 Wholesale trade	2,365	1,680	690
44-45 Retail trade	5,560	2,610	2,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,525	1,775	745
51 Information and cultural industries	515	305	210
52 Finance and insurance	1,835	605	1,230
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,015	535	485
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,355	2,340	2,010
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110	55	60
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,765	995	775
61 Educational services	3,760	965	2,795
62 Health care and social assistance	6,465	1,000	5,470
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	995	455	535
72 Accommodation and food services	2,095	945	1,150
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,660	1,275	1,390
91 Public administration	3,805	1,905	1,905
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,665	30,075	27,590
English	56,605	29,660	26,945
French	145	50	95
Non-official language	25	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	15	10
English and French	470	150	320
English and non-official language(s)	395	185	205
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,665	30,075	27,590
Single responses	57,545	30,035	27,500
Official languages	57,485	30,010	27,475
English	57,275	29,950	27,325
French	210	65	145
Non-official languages	60	25	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10
Chinese languages	20	15	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	35	80
English and French	65	15	55
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,665	30,075	27,590
None	56,875	29,745	27,125
English	95	30	65
French	335	125	210
Non-official language	305	150	160
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous	300	145	150
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,450	25,835	23,610
Worked at home	10,910	4,765	6,150
Worked outside Canada	80	75	10
No fixed workplace address	6,640	5,065	1,570
Usual place of work	31,815	15,935	15,880
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,815	15,935	15,880
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,395	5,775	7,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,295	9,395	7,900
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	865	590	275
Commute to a different province or territory	270	180	85
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,455	21,005	17,455
Car, truck or van	35,805	19,795	16,015
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,365	19,210	15,150
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,440	580	865
Public transit	780	315	460
Walked	830	370	460
Bicycle	140	105	35
Other method	905	425	480
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,455	21,005	17,455
Less than 15 minutes	10,680	4,760	5,920
15 to 29 minutes	15,065	8,220	6,840
30 to 44 minutes	9,395	5,730	3,665
45 to 59 minutes	2,085	1,390	695
60 minutes and over	1,235	900	340
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,455	21,005	17,455
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,185	2,510	670
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,500	5,140	2,360
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,810	6,170	5,640
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,100	3,100	4,005
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,105	1,540	2,565
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,760	2,545	2,215
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,880	11,115	10,765
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,775	880	890
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,105	10,230	9,875
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,935	8,535	8,400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,400	690	710
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	315	385
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	705	375	325
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,530	7,840	7,690

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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