Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Wood Buffalo, Specialized municipality (SM)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,326	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,594^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.0	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	30,451	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	25,934	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.2	...	...	1.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	60,843.88	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,325	38,100	34,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,540	8,480	8,065	22.9	22.3	23.6
0 to 4 years	5,795	2,975	2,820	8.0	7.8	8.2
5 to 9 years	5,900	3,030	2,865	8.2	8.0	8.4
10 to 14 years	4,850	2,480	2,375	6.7	6.5	6.9
15 to 64 years	52,635	27,945	24,690	72.8	73.3	72.1
15 to 19 years	3,885	2,100	1,785	5.4	5.5	5.2
20 to 24 years	3,895	2,105	1,790	5.4	5.5	5.2
25 to 29 years	5,120	2,585	2,535	7.1	6.8	7.4
30 to 34 years	7,445	3,685	3,760	10.3	9.7	11.0
35 to 39 years	7,975	4,155	3,820	11.0	10.9	11.2
40 to 44 years	6,495	3,415	3,080	9.0	9.0	9.0
45 to 49 years	5,375	2,965	2,415	7.4	7.8	7.1
50 to 54 years	4,835	2,620	2,210	6.7	6.9	6.5
55 to 59 years	4,430	2,490	1,940	6.1	6.5	5.7
60 to 64 years	3,180	1,835	1,345	4.4	4.8	3.9
65 years and over	3,145	1,670	1,470	4.3	4.4	4.3
65 to 69 years	1,665	935	725	2.3	2.5	2.1
70 to 74 years	785	425	360	1.1	1.1	1.1
75 to 79 years	390	190	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
80 to 84 years	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
85 years and over	130	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
85 to 89 years	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
90 to 94 years	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
95 to 99 years	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.9	22.3	23.6	22.9	22.3	23.6
15 to 64 years	72.8	73.3	72.1	72.8	73.3	72.1
65 years and over	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.3
85 years and over	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2
Average age of the population	33.4	33.9	33.0	33.4	33.9	33.0
Median age of the population	34.4	35.2	34.0	34.4	35.2	34.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,480	...	...	48.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,225	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	2,745	...	...	10.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	475	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,645	...	...	21.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	845	...	...	3.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,520	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,660	...	...	21.8	...	...
2 persons	7,670	...	...	29.6	...	...
3 persons	4,780	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	4,620	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,205	...	...	12.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	71,775	37,755	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,785	29,625	26,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	35,080	17,925	17,150	62.9	60.5	65.6
Married	26,985	13,895	13,090	48.4	46.9	50.0
Living common-law	8,090	4,035	4,055	14.5	13.6	15.5
Living common law - Never married	6,450	3,220	3,230	11.6	10.9	12.3
Living common law - Separated	335	195	140	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,245	605	640	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	20,705	11,695	9,015	37.1	39.5	34.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	15,540	9,275	6,265	27.9	31.3	23.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,540	815	725	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,715	1,370	1,345	4.9	4.6	5.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	915	230	680	1.6	0.8	2.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,185	...	...	42.1	...	...
3 persons	4,595	...	...	23.6	...	...
4 persons	4,570	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,110	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,675	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	12,630	...	...	64.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,320	...	...	42.8	...	...
Without children	4,315	...	...	22.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,045	...	...	20.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,865	...	...	9.6	...	...
Without children	2,180	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,775	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,925	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	850	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	71,775	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	59,725	30,050	29,675	83.2	79.6	87.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,355	16,660	16,695	46.5	44.1	49.1
Parents in one-parent families	2,780	855	1,930	3.9	2.3	5.7
Children⁶	23,590	12,540	11,050	32.9	33.2	32.5
In a two-parent family	19,305	10,180	9,120	26.9	27.0	26.8
In a one-parent family	4,290	2,355	1,935	6.0	6.2	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,055	7,705	4,345	16.8	20.4	12.8
Living alone	5,660	3,805	1,850	7.9	10.1	5.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,085	1,070	1,020	2.9	2.8	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	4,310	2,830	1,480	6.0	7.5	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,890	...	...	61.3	...	...
Couple-family households	14,000	...	...	54.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,675	...	...	33.4	...	...
Without children	5,325	...	...	20.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,890	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	960	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	250	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,535	...	...	5.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,640	...	...	6.3	...	...
One-person households	5,660	...	...	21.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	55,245	29,280	25,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,500	28,120	24,375	95.0	96.0	93.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,000	113,000	46,000	73,000	113,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,515	28,130	24,385	95.1	96.1	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	89,000	41,200	61,600	89,000	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,465	27,060	21,400	87.7	92.4	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	76,500	115,000	43,200	76,500	115,000	43,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,555	25,955	19,605	82.5	88.6	75.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	80,000	116,000	46,000	80,000	116,000	46,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	43,705	23,015	20,685	79.1	78.6	79.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,680	1,210	6,900	3,680	1,210	6,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,515	3,085	4,425	13.6	10.5	17.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,760	6,280	6,200	5,760	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,345	7,520	8,825	29.6	25.7	34.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	55,245	29,255	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,525	28,095	24,425	95.1	96.0	94.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	97,400	128,000	62,350	97,400	128,000	62,350
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,540	28,115	24,425	95.1	96.1	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,200	95,900	51,250	75,200	95,900	51,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,400	27,010	21,390	87.6	92.3	82.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,600	127,900	61,750	98,600	127,900	61,750
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,560	25,875	19,680	82.5	88.4	75.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	99,400	127,400	62,600	99,400	127,400	62,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	43,695	22,895	20,795	79.1	78.3	80.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,860	6,170	9,710	7,860	6,170	9,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,635	3,075	4,565	13.8	10.5	17.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,160	8,100	7,720	7,160	8,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,185	7,310	8,875	29.3	25.0	34.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,320	8,990	8,690	8,320	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	55,245	29,260	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,580	14,200	8,380	40.9	48.5	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	118,000	151,000	83,000	118,000	151,000	83,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	133,800	157,400	93,600	133,800	157,400	93,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,755	9,160	8,595	32.1	31.3	33.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,600	83,000	26,400	43,600	83,000	26,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	71,200	99,000	41,600	71,200	99,000	41,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	93.2	96.0	86.8	93.2	96.0	86.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	88.6	91.8	80.8	88.6	91.8	80.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	6.7	3.9	13.3	6.7	3.9	13.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	2.4	1.2	0.6	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	1.8	5.8	3.0	1.8	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	1.7	5.2	2.8	1.7	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	55,240	29,275	25,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,745	1,160	1,590	5.0	4.0	6.1
With total income	52,495	28,120	24,380	95.0	96.1	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,695	1,365	3,335	8.9	4.9	13.7
$10,000 to $19,999	3,310	1,130	2,180	6.3	4.0	8.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,265	1,510	2,760	8.1	5.4	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	3,795	1,235	2,565	7.2	4.4	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,520	1,270	2,250	6.7	4.5	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	1,145	1,975	5.9	4.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,715	1,195	1,520	5.2	4.2	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,380	1,205	1,175	4.5	4.3	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,290	1,240	1,055	4.4	4.4	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,200	1,255	945	4.2	4.5	3.9
$100,000 and over	20,195	15,575	4,620	38.5	55.4	18.9
$100,000 to $149,999	7,955	5,210	2,740	15.2	18.5	11.2
$150,000 and over	12,240	10,365	1,875	23.3	36.9	7.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	55,240	29,275	25,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,725	1,150	1,580	4.9	3.9	6.1
With after-tax income	52,520	28,130	24,385	95.1	96.1	93.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,790	1,400	3,395	9.1	5.0	13.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,465	1,190	2,270	6.6	4.2	9.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,010	1,730	3,275	9.5	6.2	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,445	1,545	2,900	8.5	5.5	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,325	1,580	2,745	8.2	5.6	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,630	1,600	2,030	6.9	5.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,325	1,710	1,610	6.3	6.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,015	1,710	1,310	5.7	6.1	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	1,705	1,180	5.5	6.1	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,620	1,665	955	5.0	5.9	3.9
$100,000 and over	15,010	12,295	2,720	28.6	43.7	11.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,370	3,175	1,190	8.3	11.3	4.9
$125,000 and over	10,645	9,115	1,525	20.3	32.4	6.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	55,240	29,275	25,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,685	3,325	6,360	17.5	11.4	24.5
With employment income	45,560	25,950	19,605	82.5	88.6	75.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,360	1,285	2,075	7.4	5.0	10.6
$5,000 to $9,999	2,205	785	1,425	4.8	3.0	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,220	1,170	2,045	7.1	4.5	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,625	950	1,670	5.8	3.7	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,660	955	1,705	5.8	3.7	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,320	955	1,370	5.1	3.7	7.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,180	885	1,295	4.8	3.4	6.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,225	1,010	1,215	4.9	3.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,930	1,015	920	4.2	3.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,045	1,125	915	4.5	4.3	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,880	1,070	810	4.1	4.1	4.1
$100,000 and over	18,905	14,735	4,165	41.5	56.8	21.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,375	2,685	1,685	9.6	10.3	8.6
$125,000 and over	14,535	12,050	2,480	31.9	46.4	12.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	55,245	29,280	25,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,165	27,505	23,660	92.6	93.9	91.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,500	116,000	46,000	75,500	116,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,200	27,505	23,695	92.7	93.9	91.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,800	91,000	40,800	62,800	91,000	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,870	26,725	21,145	86.7	91.3	81.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	80,000	118,000	47,200	80,000	118,000	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,335	25,780	19,560	82.1	88.0	75.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	83,000	120,000	49,600	83,000	120,000	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	40,095	21,825	18,270	72.6	74.5	70.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	960	860	1,760	960	860	1,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,990	2,490	3,500	10.8	8.5	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	5,520	8,100	6,850	5,520	8,100
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	55,245	29,255	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,145	27,520	23,630	92.6	94.1	90.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	96,800	128,200	60,250	96,800	128,200	60,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,185	27,520	23,660	92.7	94.1	91.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	74,200	95,500	49,400	74,200	95,500	49,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,825	26,680	21,145	86.6	91.2	81.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	99,900	129,800	62,250	99,900	129,800	62,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,435	25,740	19,700	82.2	88.0	75.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	101,100	129,800	63,500	101,100	129,800	63,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40,190	21,830	18,360	72.7	74.6	70.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,324	3,028	5,865	4,324	3,028	5,865
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,975	2,310	3,665	10.8	7.9	14.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,940	7,430	9,900	8,940	7,430	9,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	55,245	29,260	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,550	14,195	8,355	40.8	48.5	32.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	115,000	147,000	76,500	115,000	147,000	76,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	129,600	154,200	87,600	129,600	154,200	87,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,940	8,905	8,035	30.7	30.4	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	57,600	97,000	38,000	57,600	97,000	38,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	80,700	108,200	50,240	80,700	108,200	50,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	96.4	98.2	92.4	96.4	98.2	92.4
Employment income (%)	92.8	94.8	87.8	92.8	94.8	87.8
Government transfers (%)	3.5	1.9	7.6	3.5	1.9	7.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.5	2.6	1.1	0.5	2.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	25,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	184,000	...	...	184,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	204,000	...	...	204,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	25,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	197,400	...	...	197,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	152,200	...	...	152,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	218,200	...	...	218,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	168,800	...	...	168,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	25,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	270	...	...	1.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...	1.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	225	...	...	0.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	275	...	...	1.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	310	...	...	1.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	320	...	...	1.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	655	...	...	2.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	655	...	...	2.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	760	...	...	2.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...	3.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	850	...	...	3.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,140	...	...	77.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,250	...	...	8.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,160	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,180	...	...	16.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	11,555	...	...	44.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	25,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	1.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	270	...	...	1.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	335	...	...	1.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	385	...	...	1.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	410	...	...	1.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	805	...	...	3.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	985	...	...	3.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	...	...	4.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,110	...	...	4.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,250	...	...	4.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,340	...	...	70.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,015	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,180	...	...	12.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	12,140	...	...	46.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...	200,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	194,000	...	...	194,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	224,000	...	...	224,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...	172,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,965	6,640	3,335	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	87,000	104,000	62,000	87,000	104,000	62,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	71,000	82,000	53,200	71,000	82,000	53,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	213,400	...	...	213,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...	164,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	206,400	...	...	206,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	158,400	...	...	158,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	238,000	...	...	238,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	182,800	...	...	182,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	123,900	...	...	123,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,975	6,655	3,320	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	104,100	118,500	75,200	104,100	118,500	75,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	80,100	89,600	60,950	80,100	89,600	60,950
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	71,780	37,755	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,945	9,735	9,205	26.4	25.8	27.1
0 to 5 years	7,080	3,625	3,455	9.9	9.6	10.2
18 to 64 years	49,810	26,395	23,420	69.4	69.9	68.8
65 years and over	3,025	1,625	1,400	4.2	4.3	4.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,795	1,305	1,490	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,005	515	490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	370	190	180	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,645	735	915	...	...	...
65 years and over	145	60	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.9	3.5	4.4	3.9	3.5	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.3	5.3	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	2.8	3.9	3.3	2.8	3.9
65 years and over (%)	4.8	3.8	5.9	4.8	3.8	5.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	71,775	37,760	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,940	9,735	9,210	26.4	25.8	27.1
0 to 5 years	7,080	3,625	3,455	9.9	9.6	10.2
18 to 64 years	49,815	26,395	23,415	69.4	69.9	68.8
65 years and over	3,025	1,625	1,400	4.2	4.3	4.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,455	745	715	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	415	215	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	65	60	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,005	510	500	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	20	15	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.4	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	71,775	37,755	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,550	7,145	7,405	20.3	18.9	21.8
In bottom decile	2,915	1,430	1,480	4.1	3.8	4.4
In second decile	2,560	1,220	1,335	3.6	3.2	3.9
In third decile	2,705	1,350	1,355	3.8	3.6	4.0
In fourth decile	2,925	1,445	1,480	4.1	3.8	4.4
In fifth decile	3,450	1,695	1,755	4.8	4.5	5.2
In top half of the distribution	57,230	30,615	26,615	79.7	81.1	78.2
In sixth decile	4,130	2,065	2,065	5.8	5.5	6.1
In seventh decile	5,360	2,725	2,630	7.5	7.2	7.7
In eighth decile	7,670	4,020	3,645	10.7	10.6	10.7
In ninth decile	12,575	6,610	5,965	17.5	17.5	17.5
In top decile	27,500	15,195	12,305	38.3	40.2	36.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	71,780	...	...	71,780	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.343	...	...	0.343	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	67,405	35,680	31,735	93.3	93.7	92.8
French only	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,310	2,185	2,125	6.0	5.7	6.2
Neither English nor French	475	175	300	0.7	0.5	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,205	36,965	33,245	97.1	97.1	97.2
French	1,365	815	550	1.9	2.1	1.6
English and French	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	450	165	285	0.6	0.4	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	68,955	36,450	32,505	95.4	95.7	95.0
Official languages	56,460	30,300	26,155	78.1	79.6	76.5
English	55,090	29,490	25,595	76.2	77.5	74.8
French	1,365	810	560	1.9	2.1	1.6
Non-official languages	12,500	6,155	6,345	17.3	16.2	18.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	470	225	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	225	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,025	5,930	6,105	16.6	15.6	17.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,045	1,165	880	2.8	3.1	2.6
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	620	375	245	0.9	1.0	0.7
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	545	335	215	0.8	0.9	0.6
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,415	780	630	2.0	2.0	1.8
Amharic	345	185	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arabic	865	480	390	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	190	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,630	1,550	2,075	5.0	4.1	6.1
Bikol	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	195	90	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,040	1,300	1,735	4.2	3.4	5.1
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	360	200	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,430	2,250	2,185	6.1	5.9	6.4
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	430	210	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	420	210	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	135	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	180	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,790	1,455	1,335	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,630	1,360	1,270	3.6	3.6	3.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	95	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Gujarati	875	445	430	1.2	1.2	1.3
Hindi	250	140	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	360	195	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	770	400	370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	365	465	1.1	1.0	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	615	270	345	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	570	300	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Akan (Twi)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	50	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dinka	30	30	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nuer	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	580	275	305	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	575	270	300	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	195	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	5	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	5	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,310	1,620	1,695	4.6	4.3	5.0
English and French	465	245	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,525	1,230	1,295	3.5	3.2	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	210	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,000	29,940	26,055	77.5	78.6	76.2
French	425	235	190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	2,980	1,480	1,495	4.1	3.9	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,855	1,410	1,445	4.0	3.7	4.2
English and French	940	505	435	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	11,265	5,595	5,675	15.6	14.7	16.6
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	370	175	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,275	36,585	32,695	95.9	96.1	95.6
Official languages	61,785	32,765	29,020	85.5	86.1	84.9
English	61,195	32,445	28,755	84.7	85.2	84.1
French	590	325	265	0.8	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	7,495	3,820	3,670	10.4	10.0	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algonquian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,260	3,680	3,575	10.0	9.7	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,250	710	540	1.7	1.9	1.6
Berber languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	385	240	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Somali	350	225	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	850	460	390	1.2	1.2	1.1
Amharic	190	100	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	530	280	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,220	1,055	1,160	3.1	2.8	3.4
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,895	900	995	2.6	2.4	2.9
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,695	1,355	1,340	3.7	3.6	3.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	95	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,980	1,010	965	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,885	960	915	2.6	2.5	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	725	380	350	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hindi	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	125	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	510	245	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	175	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	325	150	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	265	135	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	185	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	365	185	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,990	1,485	1,505	4.1	3.9	4.4
English and French	180	105	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,740	1,355	1,380	3.8	3.6	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	72,265	38,070	34,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,795	32,835	28,965	85.5	86.2	84.7
English	3,585	1,855	1,735	5.0	4.9	5.1
French	670	350	325	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	4,730	2,280	2,450	6.5	6.0	7.2
Indigenous³⁹	285	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	4,445	2,160	2,290	6.2	5.7	6.7
English and French	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	700	375	325	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	605	285	320	0.8	0.7	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	71,315	37,600	33,715	99.4	99.6	99.1
English	71,235	37,565	33,670	99.2	99.5	99.0
French	4,380	2,285	2,095	6.1	6.1	6.2
Non-official languages	17,965	8,920	9,045	25.0	23.6	26.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	520	215	310	0.7	0.6	0.9
Algonquian languages	395	150	245	0.6	0.4	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	390	150	235	0.5	0.4	0.7
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	390	150	235	0.5	0.4	0.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	275	125	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	185	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	185	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,455	8,710	8,745	24.3	23.1	25.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,030	1,760	1,260	4.2	4.7	3.7
Berber languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	765	465	300	1.1	1.2	0.9
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	645	405	250	0.9	1.1	0.7
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,345	1,365	980	3.3	3.6	2.9
Amharic	605	380	225	0.8	1.0	0.7
Arabic	1,565	900	665	2.2	2.4	2.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	295	175	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,325	2,350	2,980	7.4	6.2	8.8
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	120	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	450	215	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indonesian	50	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,055	2,205	2,845	7.0	5.8	8.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	200	90	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Creole languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	705	390	315	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kannada	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	305	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tulu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,420	3,300	3,120	8.9	8.7	9.2
Albanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	640	320	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	625	310	310	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	310	135	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	60	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	75	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	575	310	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	155	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
German	260	150	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	165	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dutch	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,850	2,040	1,815	5.4	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,605	1,895	1,705	5.0	5.0	5.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Gujarati	1,170	580	590	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindi	1,675	930	745	2.3	2.5	2.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	80	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	725	420	305	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	1,215	650	565	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	205	115	0.5	0.5	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	190	120	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	95	75	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,335	630	705	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	120	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,065	485	585	1.5	1.3	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,240	650	585	1.7	1.7	1.7
Akan (Twi)	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	210	135	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swahili	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	290	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	355	190	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	60	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	710	315	395	1.0	0.8	1.2
Chinese languages	710	315	395	1.0	0.8	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	495	220	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	8,135	4,120	4,010	11.3	10.9	11.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,805	3,955	3,850	10.9	10.5	11.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,350	2,240	2,115	6.1	5.9	6.2
Métis	3,165	1,565	1,605	4.4	4.1	4.7
Inuk (Inuit)	280	155	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	215	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	63,645	33,635	30,010	88.7	89.1	88.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,435	1,775	1,660	4.8	4.7	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	68,345	35,985	32,360	95.2	95.3	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,375	...	...	67.0	...	...
Renter	8,560	...	...	33.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,010	...	...	27.0	...	...
Not condominium	18,925	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,340	...	...	9.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,050	...	...	19.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,315	...	...	32.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,095	...	...	38.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,985	...	...	26.9	...	...
5 rooms	4,385	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,825	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	3,250	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,495	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	24,965	...	...	96.3	...	...
More than one person per room	970	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	24,340	...	...	93.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,600	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	350	...	...	1.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,050	...	...	19.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,850	...	...	11.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,915	...	...	11.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,845	...	...	14.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,990	...	...	19.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,390	...	...	13.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,545	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,490	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,445	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	13,475	...	...	52.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	11,010	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,455	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	855	...	...	3.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,605	...	...	21.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,600	...	...	29.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,860	...	...	22.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,455	...	...	17.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,230	...	...	4.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	285	...	...	1.1	...	...
85 years and over	40	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,570	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,325	...	...	12.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,915	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,785	...	...	22.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,860	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,335	...	...	5.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,020	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,150	...	...	77.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,190	...	...	4.7	...	...
Not in core need	24,290	...	...	95.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,375	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	86.2	...	...	86.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,780	...	...	2,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,700	...	...	2,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	462,800	...	...	462,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,656	...	...	1,656	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	71,780	37,755	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,440	2,400	2,040	6.2	6.4	6.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,205	2,295	1,910	5.9	6.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,135	1,695	1,440	4.4	4.5	4.2
Métis single ancestry	950	530	425	1.3	1.4	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	235	100	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	210	90	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,110	2,435	2,670	7.1	6.4	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,805	2,320	2,485	6.7	6.1	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,050	1,480	1,570	4.2	3.9	4.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,505	705	800	2.1	1.9	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	245	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	300	120	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	62,230	32,920	29,310	86.7	87.2	86.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	71,780	37,755	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	64,915	34,550	30,370	90.4	91.5	89.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,125	9,325	8,800	25.3	24.7	25.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	46,795	25,220	21,570	65.2	66.8	63.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,865	3,215	3,650	9.6	8.5	10.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	71,780	37,755	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,505	29,600	25,905	77.3	78.4	76.1
Immigrants⁸¹	15,410	7,725	7,685	21.5	20.5	22.6
Before 1980	645	405	245	0.9	1.1	0.7
1980 to 1990	615	330	280	0.9	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	1,545	905	645	2.2	2.4	1.9
2001 to 2010	4,530	2,325	2,210	6.3	6.2	6.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,070	3,760	4,310	11.2	10.0	12.7
2011 to 2015	3,940	1,825	2,110	5.5	4.8	6.2
2016 to 2021	4,135	1,935	2,200	5.8	5.1	6.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	865	435	430	1.2	1.2	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,415	7,725	7,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,025	580	445	6.6	7.5	5.8
5 to 14 years	2,395	1,270	1,125	15.5	16.4	14.6
15 to 24 years	2,695	1,430	1,260	17.5	18.5	16.4
25 to 44 years	7,755	3,725	4,030	50.3	48.2	52.4
45 years and over	1,540	725	820	10.0	9.4	10.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,415	7,725	7,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,290	590	700	8.4	7.6	9.1
Brazil	65	20	45	0.4	0.3	0.6
Colombia	120	65	55	0.8	0.8	0.7
El Salvador	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Guyana	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	250	140	110	1.6	1.8	1.4
Mexico	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
Peru	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
United States of America	330	170	160	2.1	2.2	2.1
Other places of birth in Americas	315	110	200	2.0	1.4	2.6
Europe	1,295	685	605	8.4	8.9	7.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.7
Greece	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portugal	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	115	40	70	0.7	0.5	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	445	265	175	2.9	3.4	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	280	165	120	1.8	2.1	1.6
Africa	3,325	1,895	1,430	21.6	24.5	18.6
Algeria	45	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Egypt	125	85	35	0.8	1.1	0.5
Eritrea	205	125	80	1.3	1.6	1.0
Ethiopia	535	340	195	3.5	4.4	2.5
Morocco	85	55	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	520	245	275	3.4	3.2	3.6
Somalia	400	260	135	2.6	3.4	1.8
South Africa, Republic of	270	120	150	1.8	1.6	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,115	615	505	7.2	8.0	6.6
Asia	9,345	4,465	4,875	60.6	57.8	63.4
Afghanistan	40	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	80	55	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Iraq	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	215	125	95	1.4	1.6	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Turkey	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	405	180	225	2.6	2.3	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	35	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	4,615	2,020	2,595	29.9	26.1	33.8
Viet Nam	75	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bangladesh	125	70	55	0.8	0.9	0.7
India	2,020	1,055	970	13.1	13.7	12.6
Pakistan	725	420	300	4.7	5.4	3.9
Sri Lanka	160	95	65	1.0	1.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	625	245	375	4.1	3.2	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	160	85	75	1.0	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,135	1,935	2,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	275	105	165	6.7	5.4	7.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	30	10	15	0.7	0.5	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	20	60	1.9	1.0	2.7
Mexico	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
United States of America	75	50	30	1.8	2.6	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	40	20	20	1.0	1.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	20	0.8	0.5	0.9
Europe	140	70	75	3.4	3.6	3.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	20	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	20	1.3	1.6	0.9
Africa	935	460	475	22.6	23.8	21.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	30	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.5
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	60	45	15	1.5	2.3	0.7
Eritrea	130	95	35	3.1	4.9	1.6
Ethiopia	120	45	80	2.9	2.3	3.6
Morocco	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Nigeria	180	75	105	4.4	3.9	4.8
Somalia	105	45	55	2.5	2.3	2.5
South Africa, Republic of	85	40	40	2.1	2.1	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	160	70	95	3.9	3.6	4.3
Asia	2,780	1,295	1,490	67.2	66.9	67.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	0	30	0.8	0.0	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	370	185	185	8.9	9.6	8.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	55	30	30	1.3	1.6	1.4
Pakistan	90	60	30	2.2	3.1	1.4
Philippines	1,960	920	1,045	47.4	47.5	47.6
Saudi Arabia	20	20	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	20	10	0.8	1.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	115	25	85	2.8	1.3	3.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,720	8,425	8,295	23.3	22.3	24.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,500	4,465	4,035	11.8	11.8	11.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	46,560	24,870	21,690	64.9	65.9	63.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	14,765	7,325	7,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,750	4,470	4,280	59.3	61.0	57.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,705	2,075	1,630	25.1	28.3	21.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,040	2,395	2,645	34.1	32.7	35.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,805	1,460	2,345	25.8	19.9	31.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,070	1,335	735	14.0	18.2	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	140	55	85	0.9	0.8	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	14,765	7,325	7,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	945	595	360	6.4	8.1	4.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,985	1,130	1,855	20.2	15.4	24.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	405	195	210	2.7	2.7	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	555	325	230	3.8	4.4	3.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	9,860	5,075	4,785	66.8	69.3	64.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	19,625	9,810	9,820	27.3	26.0	28.9
South Asian	4,770	2,515	2,255	6.6	6.7	6.6
Chinese	740	335	405	1.0	0.9	1.2
Black	4,825	2,680	2,140	6.7	7.1	6.3
Filipino	5,935	2,670	3,270	8.3	7.1	9.6
Arab	1,290	710	580	1.8	1.9	1.7
Latin American	645	250	390	0.9	0.7	1.1
Southeast Asian	425	160	270	0.6	0.4	0.8
West Asian	215	150	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	85	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	450	200	250	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	52,155	27,945	24,205	72.7	74.0	71.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	71,780	37,760	34,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,490	6,155	5,340	16.0	16.3	15.7
English	11,625	6,155	5,470	16.2	16.3	16.1
Irish	11,715	5,990	5,730	16.3	15.9	16.8
Scottish	9,095	4,670	4,425	12.7	12.4	13.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,595	2,865	2,730	7.8	7.6	8.0
German	4,840	2,430	2,410	6.7	6.4	7.1
Chinese	855	375	480	1.2	1.0	1.4
Italian	920	590	330	1.3	1.6	1.0
Indian (India)	2,225	1,180	1,040	3.1	3.1	3.1
Ukrainian	2,635	1,405	1,225	3.7	3.7	3.6
Dutch	1,525	820	710	2.1	2.2	2.1
Polish	1,350	745	605	1.9	2.0	1.8
Québécois	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,515	795	720	2.1	2.1	2.1
Filipino	5,065	2,255	2,810	7.1	6.0	8.3
French Canadian	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,605	1,985	1,625	5.0	5.3	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,155	1,155	1,005	3.0	3.1	3.0
Métis	2,940	1,435	1,505	4.1	3.8	4.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,545	790	755	2.2	2.1	2.2
Russian	660	360	305	0.9	1.0	0.9
Norwegian	1,025	490	530	1.4	1.3	1.6
Welsh	955	435	520	1.3	1.2	1.5
Portuguese	330	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
American	615	325	285	0.9	0.9	0.8
Spanish	600	255	345	0.8	0.7	1.0
Swedish	740	365	375	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hungarian	380	185	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	555	290	265	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistani	960	485	480	1.3	1.3	1.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,035	560	480	1.4	1.5	1.4
Jewish	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Vietnamese	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	605	340	260	0.8	0.9	0.8
Greek	160	95	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	400	200	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,080	530	545	1.5	1.4	1.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,285	630	650	1.8	1.7	1.9
Korean	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	315	175	140	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	595	345	250	0.8	0.9	0.7
Iranian	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	145	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	430	230	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	635	335	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	255	165	85	0.4	0.4	0.2
Belgian	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	555	305	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexican	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mennonite	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss	75	60	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Finnish	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lankan	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	200	105	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,535	705	830	2.1	1.9	2.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	255	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	80	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombian	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	190	80	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	130	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	1,490	830	660	2.1	2.2	1.9
Hong Konger	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	485	260	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	375	210	165	0.5	0.6	0.5
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	570	365	200	0.8	1.0	0.6
Taiwanese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	110	75	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	185	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	435	280	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	275	120	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	105	70	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrean	210	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albertan	525	275	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ghanaian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	200	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	15	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	445	210	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	105	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	155	105	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	445	255	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malay	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	71,780	37,760	34,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	270	95	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	38,280	19,050	19,230	53.3	50.5	56.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,825	3,360	3,460	9.5	8.9	10.2
Anabaptist	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,505	1,785	1,720	4.9	4.7	5.1
Baptist	865	380	485	1.2	1.0	1.4
Catholic	18,185	9,045	9,130	25.3	24.0	26.8
Christian Orthodox	950	510	435	1.3	1.4	1.3
Jehovah's Witness	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	205	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	275	115	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	770	400	365	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,725	1,285	1,440	3.8	3.4	4.2
Presbyterian	235	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Reformed	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
United Church	1,850	980	875	2.6	2.6	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,515	775	745	2.1	2.1	2.2
Hindu	2,025	1,090	935	2.8	2.9	2.7
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	4,315	2,380	1,940	6.0	6.3	5.7
Sikh	305	180	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	420	205	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	26,005	14,675	11,330	36.2	38.9	33.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,835	37,255	33,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,730	32,015	28,715	85.7	85.9	85.5
Movers	10,110	5,240	4,870	14.3	14.1	14.5
Non-migrants	7,575	3,985	3,585	10.7	10.7	10.7
Migrants	2,530	1,250	1,280	3.6	3.4	3.8
Internal migrants	2,075	1,040	1,035	2.9	2.8	3.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,270	625	645	1.8	1.7	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	805	415	390	1.1	1.1	1.2
External migrants	460	215	245	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	65,990	34,750	31,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,725	18,960	16,770	54.1	54.6	53.7
Movers	30,260	15,785	14,470	45.9	45.4	46.3
Non-migrants	16,700	8,840	7,860	25.3	25.4	25.2
Migrants	13,560	6,945	6,620	20.5	20.0	21.2
Internal migrants	10,775	5,570	5,205	16.3	16.0	16.7
Intraprovincial migrants	5,210	2,620	2,590	7.9	7.5	8.3
Interprovincial migrants	5,565	2,955	2,615	8.4	8.5	8.4
External migrants	2,785	1,370	1,410	4.2	3.9	4.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,245	29,260	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,370	4,175	3,190	13.3	14.3	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,880	25,085	22,795	86.7	85.7	87.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,545	23,470	21,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,830	2,265	1,560	8.6	9.7	7.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	40,715	21,205	19,510	91.4	90.3	92.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,245	29,255	25,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,425	3,470	2,955	11.6	11.9	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,840	8,480	8,355	30.5	29.0	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,985	17,305	14,675	57.9	59.2	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,195	12,740	8,455	38.4	43.5	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,025	6,600	1,425	14.5	22.6	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,190	1,465	730	4.0	5.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,835	5,135	695	10.6	17.6	2.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,445	5,425	6,020	20.7	18.5	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,725	720	1,005	3.1	2.5	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,790	4,565	6,220	19.5	15.6	23.9
Bachelor's degree	7,800	3,160	4,640	14.1	10.8	17.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	670	300	375	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	195	75	125	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,970	950	1,025	3.6	3.2	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,545	23,470	21,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,070	1,700	1,370	6.9	7.2	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,460	6,295	6,170	28.0	26.8	29.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,015	15,480	13,535	65.1	66.0	64.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,045	11,350	7,695	42.8	48.4	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,120	5,835	1,280	16.0	24.9	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,930	1,270	660	4.3	5.4	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,185	4,570	620	11.6	19.5	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,385	4,885	5,500	23.3	20.8	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,545	630	910	3.5	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,970	4,135	5,840	22.4	17.6	27.7
Bachelor's degree	7,150	2,815	4,335	16.1	12.0	20.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	265	345	1.4	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	190	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.6
Master's degree	1,870	900	970	4.2	3.8	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	85	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,250	29,260	25,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,260	11,950	11,310	42.1	40.8	43.5
Education	1,680	330	1,345	3.0	1.1	5.2
13. Education	1,680	330	1,345	3.0	1.1	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490	175	320	0.9	0.6	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	65	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	410	105	305	0.7	0.4	1.2
Humanities	895	335	555	1.6	1.1	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	10	70	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	195	55	140	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	315	90	220	0.6	0.3	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	105	30	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,110	570	1,540	3.8	1.9	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	25	465	0.9	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	245	70	175	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	385	60	320	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	690	315	380	1.2	1.1	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,030	1,650	4,380	10.9	5.6	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	390	80	310	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,640	1,570	4,070	10.2	5.4	15.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	860	395	470	1.6	1.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	255	65	195	0.5	0.2	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240	90	155	0.4	0.3	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	175	105	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	985	535	455	1.8	1.8	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	470	385	1.6	1.6	1.5
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,415	10,735	1,680	22.5	36.7	6.5
04. Architecture and related services	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	2,310	1,810	495	4.2	6.2	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,300	2,625	670	6.0	9.0	2.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,605	2,405	205	4.7	8.2	0.8
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,920	2,745	170	5.3	9.4	0.7
48. Precision production	1,170	1,090	85	2.1	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	655	345	305	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	140	130	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	210	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Health and related fields	3,385	645	2,740	6.1	2.2	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,140	500	2,640	5.7	1.7	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,480	1,600	880	4.5	5.5	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	800	170	625	1.4	0.6	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	295	145	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,245	1,135	105	2.3	3.9	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,540	23,470	21,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,530	7,985	7,545	34.9	34.0	35.8
Education	1,530	295	1,240	3.4	1.3	5.9
13. Education	1,530	295	1,240	3.4	1.3	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	460	155	300	1.0	0.7	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	385	100	285	0.9	0.4	1.4
Humanities	785	290	505	1.8	1.2	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	180	55	125	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	70	190	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	80	35	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,920	490	1,425	4.3	2.1	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	425	25	400	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	210	50	160	0.5	0.2	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	355	40	315	0.8	0.2	1.5
45. Social sciences	640	280	360	1.4	1.2	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,500	1,465	4,040	12.3	6.2	19.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	355	75	280	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,140	1,390	3,755	11.5	5.9	17.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	760	320	440	1.7	1.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	50	175	0.5	0.2	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	65	145	0.5	0.3	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	250	150	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	935	495	440	2.1	2.1	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	445	375	1.9	1.9	1.8
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,180	9,605	1,575	25.1	40.9	7.5
04. Architecture and related services	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	2,125	1,665	460	4.8	7.1	2.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,950	2,315	630	6.6	9.9	3.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,350	2,160	190	5.3	9.2	0.9
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,625	2,465	165	5.9	10.5	0.8
48. Precision production	1,035	945	90	2.3	4.0	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	605	320	280	1.4	1.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	375	205	170	0.8	0.9	0.8
Health and related fields	3,100	605	2,490	7.0	2.6	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	85	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,875	485	2,385	6.5	2.1	11.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,230	1,440	790	5.0	6.1	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	705	145	565	1.6	0.6	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	265	135	0.9	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,125	1,025	95	2.5	4.4	0.5
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,540	23,470	21,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,530	7,985	7,545	34.9	34.0	35.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,010	15,480	13,530	65.1	66.0	64.2
Location of study inside Canada	22,635	12,570	10,060	50.8	53.6	47.7
Same as province or territory of residence	11,150	6,690	4,465	25.0	28.5	21.2
Different than province or territory of residence	11,480	5,885	5,595	25.8	25.1	26.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,380	2,910	3,475	14.3	12.4	16.5
Americas	660	310	355	1.5	1.3	1.7
United States of America	350	185	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Americas	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	650	365	280	1.5	1.6	1.3
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Poland	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	265	165	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	810	455	355	1.8	1.9	1.7
Nigeria	210	105	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	130	75	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	360	205	150	0.8	0.9	0.7
Asia	4,200	1,750	2,450	9.4	7.5	11.6
Iran⁸⁸	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	2,380	885	1,495	5.3	3.8	7.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	1,060	540	525	2.4	2.3	2.5
Pakistan	275	140	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	90	15	75	0.2	0.1	0.4
Oceania	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	55,245	29,255	25,990	...	...	...
In the labour force	42,650	24,595	18,055	...	...	...
Employed	38,920	22,860	16,065	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,730	1,740	1,990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,595	4,660	7,930	...	...	...
Participation rate	77.2	84.1	69.5	77.2	84.1	69.5
Employment rate	70.4	78.1	61.8	70.4	78.1	61.8
Unemployment rate	8.7	7.1	11.0	8.7	7.1	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	55,250	29,260	25,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	13,735	5,285	8,450	24.9	18.1	32.5
Worked	41,505	23,970	17,540	75.1	81.9	67.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	22,995	14,420	8,575	41.6	49.3	33.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,515	9,545	8,970	33.5	32.6	34.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.9	39.2	40.7	41.9	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	42,655	24,600	18,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	390	495	2.1	1.6	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	41,775	24,210	17,565	97.9	98.4	97.3
Employee	39,310	22,930	16,375	92.2	93.2	90.7
Permanent position	34,175	20,510	13,665	80.1	83.4	75.7
Temporary position	5,130	2,420	2,710	12.0	9.8	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,735	915	815	4.1	3.7	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,400	1,505	1,890	8.0	6.1	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,465	1,285	1,185	5.8	5.2	6.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	42,655	24,600	18,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	390	495	2.1	1.6	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	41,775	24,210	17,565	97.9	98.4	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	225	145	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,505	1,380	4,125	12.9	5.6	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,530	2,700	830	8.3	11.0	4.6
3 Health occupations	1,615	210	1,405	3.8	0.9	7.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,940	1,080	2,855	9.2	4.4	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	395	125	270	0.9	0.5	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	8,940	3,390	5,550	21.0	13.8	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,345	11,550	1,795	31.3	47.0	9.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,690	1,370	320	4.0	5.6	1.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,595	2,260	335	6.1	9.2	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	42,655	24,600	18,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	880	390	495	2.1	1.6	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	41,775	24,210	17,565	97.9	98.4	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	12,625	9,955	2,665	29.6	40.5	14.8
22 Utilities	245	180	60	0.6	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	3,420	2,700	715	8.0	11.0	4.0
31-33 Manufacturing	850	650	195	2.0	2.6	1.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,240	870	370	2.9	3.5	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	3,605	1,425	2,185	8.5	5.8	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,140	1,585	560	5.0	6.4	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	200	100	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	530	155	375	1.2	0.6	2.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	955	535	420	2.2	2.2	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,490	770	720	3.5	3.1	4.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,560	1,330	1,235	6.0	5.4	6.8
61 Educational services	2,340	425	1,910	5.5	1.7	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,815	290	2,530	6.6	1.2	14.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	580	235	345	1.4	1.0	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,170	895	1,280	5.1	3.6	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,785	925	865	4.2	3.8	4.8
91 Public administration	2,045	1,100	950	4.8	4.5	5.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	44,795	25,515	19,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,945	25,140	18,810	98.1	98.5	97.6
French	70	10	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	290	110	180	0.6	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	440	225	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	44,795	25,515	19,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	44,715	25,495	19,230	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	44,625	25,425	19,205	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	44,530	25,415	19,115	99.4	99.6	99.1
French	95	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.4
Non-official languages	90	65	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90	60	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	80	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	44,795	25,515	19,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,120	25,190	18,930	98.5	98.7	98.2
English	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	215	100	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	330	155	175	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	300	140	160	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	38,920	22,855	16,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,595	1,830	2,765	11.8	8.0	17.2
Worked outside Canada	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,025	5,900	2,125	20.6	25.8	13.2
Usual place of work	26,280	15,105	11,170	67.5	66.1	69.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,280	15,110	11,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,370	14,560	10,820	96.5	96.4	96.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	510	315	195	1.9	2.1	1.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	295	200	90	1.1	1.3	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	105	35	70	0.4	0.2	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,300	21,010	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,370	13,605	9,770	68.1	64.8	73.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,135	12,440	8,695	61.6	59.2	65.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,235	1,165	1,070	6.5	5.5	8.0
Public transit	9,215	6,715	2,505	26.9	32.0	18.8
Walked	1,050	365	690	3.1	1.7	5.2
Bicycle	90	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other method	570	275	295	1.7	1.3	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,300	21,010	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,180	3,690	5,495	26.8	17.6	41.3
15 to 29 minutes	8,635	4,775	3,860	25.2	22.7	29.0
30 to 44 minutes	7,295	5,490	1,805	21.3	26.1	13.6
45 to 59 minutes	4,470	3,370	1,100	13.0	16.0	8.3
60 minutes and over	4,720	3,685	1,035	13.8	17.5	7.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,300	21,010	13,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,245	4,275	970	15.3	20.3	7.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,440	7,460	2,975	30.4	35.5	22.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,340	3,055	3,285	18.5	14.5	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,290	1,565	2,730	12.5	7.4	20.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,975	750	1,230	5.8	3.6	9.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,010	3,905	2,100	17.5	18.6	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,220	9,880	9,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,645	840	805	8.6	8.5	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,580	9,045	8,535	91.5	91.5	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,025	6,700	6,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130	585	545	8.7	8.7	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	555	270	280	4.3	4.0	4.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	305	265	4.4	4.6	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,900	6,115	5,780	91.4	91.3	91.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 31, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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