Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fernie, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	6,320	5,000,879
Population, 2016¹	5,396^rE	4,648,055
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	17.1^E	7.6
Total private dwellings²	3,256	2,211,694
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,597	2,041,834
Population density per square kilometre	418.3	5.4
Land area in square kilometres	15.11	920,686.55
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	6,315	5,000,880
0 to 14 years	1,110	716,900
0 to 4 years	335	216,825
5 to 9 years	410	244,290
10 to 14 years	365	255,790
15 to 64 years	4,280	3,267,620
15 to 19 years	275	253,690
20 to 24 years	255	294,650
25 to 29 years	515	337,090
30 to 34 years	630	358,585
35 to 39 years	605	353,350
40 to 44 years	530	319,740
45 to 49 years	415	310,035
50 to 54 years	350	329,005
55 to 59 years	320	356,345
60 to 64 years	390	355,130
65 years and over	925	1,016,365
65 to 69 years	320	319,405
70 to 74 years	265	272,365
75 to 79 years	145	181,075
80 to 84 years	105	121,055
85 years and over	90	122,465
85 to 89 years	60	74,315
90 to 94 years	20	36,840
95 to 99 years	15	9,790
100 years and over	0	1,515
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	14.3
15 to 64 years	67.8	65.3
65 years and over	14.6	20.3
85 years and over	1.4	2.4
Average age of the population	39.3	43.1
Median age of the population	38.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,595	2,041,835
Single-detached house	1,620	866,340
Semi-detached house	85	62,890
Row house	170	168,590
Apartment or flat in a duplex	70	249,835
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	490	417,475
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	221,845
Other single-attached house	10	3,760
Movable dwelling⁴	160	51,100
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,595	2,041,835
1 person	685	600,705
2 persons	995	719,865
3 persons	385	296,200
4 persons	360	256,700
5 or more persons	165	168,355
Number of persons in private households	6,175	4,915,945
Average household size	2.4	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	5,210	4,283,980
Married or living common-law	3,300	2,464,130
Married	2,400	2,036,165
Living common-law	900	427,970
Living common law - Never married	765	313,560
Living common law - Separated	10	17,220
Living common law - Divorced	115	87,370
Living common law - Widowed	10	9,815
Not married and not living common-law	1,910	1,819,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,330	1,202,625
Not married and not living common law - Separated	95	110,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	270	283,035
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	215	223,475
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,785	1,399,405
2 persons	1,015	763,875
3 persons	320	290,335
4 persons	330	255,295
5 or more persons	115	89,900
Average size of census families	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,785	1,399,405
Total couple families	1,610	1,190,930
Married couples	1,165	977,010
With children⁶	590	496,240
Without children	575	480,770
Common-law couples	450	213,925
With children⁶	110	64,570
Without children	340	149,355
Total one-parent families	170	208,475
in which the parent is a woman+	125	161,820
in which the parent is a man+	45	46,655
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	6,175	4,915,945
Total - Persons in census families	4,935	3,897,915
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,230	2,381,865
Parents in one-parent families	170	208,475
Children⁶	1,535	1,307,575
In a two-parent family	1,280	1,001,235
In a one-parent family	260	306,340
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,240	1,018,030
Living alone	690	600,705
Living with other relatives⁷	55	139,900
Living with non-relatives only	495	277,425
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,595	2,041,830
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,600	1,157,520
Couple-family households	1,455	1,002,775
With children⁶	655	463,945
Without children	795	538,825
One-parent-family households	145	154,745
Multigenerational households⁸	20	75,700
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	20,325
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	105	79,015
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	160	108,570
One-person households	685	600,705
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	5,070	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,975	4,076,345
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,975	4,078,810
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,730	3,655,710
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,025	2,886,365
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,655	3,377,800
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	485	370,345
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,320	1,106,935
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	5,090	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,015	4,075,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,900	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,015	4,077,810
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,950	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,785	3,654,285
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,850	50,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,010	2,886,325
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,500	50,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,735	3,374,170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,330	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	525	368,410
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,320	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,390	1,102,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,820	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	5,095	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,785	1,301,410
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	86,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	88,700	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,785	1,195,830
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	30,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.8	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.2	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.4	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	5,065	4,200,500
Without total income	90	124,155
With total income	4,970	4,076,350
Under $10,000 (including loss)	390	385,230
$10,000 to $19,999	395	474,245
$20,000 to $29,999	630	627,895
$30,000 to $39,999	625	515,780
$40,000 to $49,999	530	442,130
$50,000 to $59,999	410	363,335
$60,000 to $69,999	305	284,130
$70,000 to $79,999	260	221,755
$80,000 to $89,999	220	172,110
$90,000 to $99,999	205	136,185
$100,000 and over	1,005	453,550
$100,000 to $149,999	695	297,440
$150,000 and over	315	156,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	5,065	4,200,500
Without after-tax income	90	121,690
With after-tax income	4,970	4,078,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	405	402,375
$10,000 to $19,999	405	490,875
$20,000 to $29,999	750	705,795
$30,000 to $39,999	720	593,485
$40,000 to $49,999	575	502,775
$50,000 to $59,999	400	387,850
$60,000 to $69,999	340	283,825
$70,000 to $79,999	290	207,535
$80,000 to $89,999	310	150,155
$90,000 to $99,999	245	99,015
$100,000 and over	525	255,125
$100,000 to $124,999	295	127,025
$125,000 and over	230	128,100
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	5,065	4,200,500
Without employment income	1,040	1,314,135
With employment income	4,030	2,886,365
Under $5,000 (including loss)	460	397,640
$5,000 to $9,999	265	234,130
$10,000 to $19,999	435	339,265
$20,000 to $29,999	375	266,065
$30,000 to $39,999	390	257,235
$40,000 to $49,999	290	247,550
$50,000 to $59,999	255	230,030
$60,000 to $69,999	185	190,470
$70,000 to $79,999	175	154,990
$80,000 to $89,999	165	128,265
$90,000 to $99,999	150	105,855
$100,000 and over	875	334,875
$100,000 to $124,999	410	154,515
$125,000 and over	465	180,360
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	5,070	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,895	3,960,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,915	3,968,465
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,680	3,614,710
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,070	2,972,225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,975	2,715,540
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,120	5,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	390	258,710
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	5,090	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,950	3,959,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	62,350	52,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,955	3,967,440
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	43,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,715	3,612,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,500	51,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,085	2,971,405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,850	49,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,050	2,711,365
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,690	8,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	450	258,380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	7,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	5,095	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,760	1,288,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,100	72,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,725	1,128,665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,600	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,840	36,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4	89.0
Employment income (%)	79.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	7.6	10.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,595	2,041,835
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	685	600,705
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	43,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,910	1,441,130
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,600	2,041,835
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,500	108,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,300	91,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	665	600,425
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,400	55,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,400	46,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,935	1,441,410
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	141,200	130,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	109,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,595	2,041,835
Under $5,000	15	30,080
$5,000 to $9,999	10	13,160
$10,000 to $14,999	10	19,290
$15,000 to $19,999	30	41,735
$20,000 to $24,999	75	82,340
$25,000 to $29,999	65	63,830
$30,000 to $34,999	70	64,895
$35,000 to $39,999	75	75,105
$40,000 to $44,999	90	73,975
$45,000 to $49,999	75	73,180
$50,000 to $59,999	160	144,895
$60,000 to $69,999	140	139,140
$70,000 to $79,999	125	131,840
$80,000 to $89,999	145	122,530
$90,000 to $99,999	125	112,775
$100,000 and over	1,385	853,065
$100,000 to $124,999	305	235,680
$125,000 to $149,999	265	178,970
$150,000 to $199,999	420	221,175
$200,000 and over	400	217,240
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,595	2,041,835
Under $5,000	15	34,265
$5,000 to $9,999	10	13,550
$10,000 to $14,999	10	19,930
$15,000 to $19,999	35	43,390
$20,000 to $24,999	75	86,585
$25,000 to $29,999	85	72,515
$30,000 to $34,999	75	74,810
$35,000 to $39,999	95	85,940
$40,000 to $44,999	100	85,575
$45,000 to $49,999	95	85,000
$50,000 to $59,999	160	168,315
$60,000 to $69,999	160	160,070
$70,000 to $79,999	170	149,385
$80,000 to $89,999	175	136,615
$90,000 to $99,999	160	121,890
$100,000 and over	1,170	704,010
$100,000 to $124,999	375	243,560
$125,000 to $149,999	280	167,850
$150,000 and over	520	292,600
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,780	1,364,485
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	129,000	107,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	95,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	880	562,590
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	705	561,965
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	138,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	165	188,585
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	70,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,185	878,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,760	1,363,860
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,800	130,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,200	108,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	561,775
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,200	115,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,400	96,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	720	563,000
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,800	161,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	133,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	130	186,930
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	83,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	73,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,245	875,470
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,800	50,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	42,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	6,175	4,915,940
0 to 17 years	1,290	866,210
0 to 5 years	425	264,100
18 to 64 years	4,045	3,085,015
65 years and over	845	964,710
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	380	528,870
0 to 17 years	70	98,830
0 to 5 years	25	29,460
18 to 64 years	205	297,960
65 years and over	105	132,075
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.1	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.4	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	9.7
65 years and over (%)	12.4	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	6,175	4,825,465
0 to 17 years	1,285	848,955
0 to 5 years	425	259,060
18 to 64 years	4,045	3,033,655
65 years and over	845	942,860
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	130	279,035
0 to 17 years	10	44,480
0 to 5 years	5	11,690
18 to 64 years	110	201,000
65 years and over	10	33,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	0.9	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	2.8	6.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	6,175	4,915,940
In bottom half of the distribution	2,285	2,300,730
In bottom decile	440	516,435
In second decile	465	444,845
In third decile	435	436,965
In fourth decile	500	442,745
In fifth decile	450	459,740
In top half of the distribution	3,885	2,615,210
In sixth decile	540	475,780
In seventh decile	635	494,480
In eighth decile	795	518,565
In ninth decile	935	550,860
In top decile	980	575,535
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	6,175	4,915,940
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	0.346
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.369	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.261	0.306
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	6,240	4,951,660
English only	5,430	4,461,290
French only	5	1,785
English and French	800	326,865
Neither English nor French	10	161,720
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	6,240	4,951,660
English	6,005	4,718,195
French	205	56,495
English and French	15	18,145
Neither English nor French	10	158,820
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	6,240	4,951,660
Single responses	6,110	4,761,600
Official languages	5,730	3,382,455
English	5,525	3,325,035
French	205	57,420
Non-official languages	380	1,379,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	5,490
Algonquian languages	0	820
Blackfoot	0	30
Cree-Innu languages	0	630
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	620
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	170
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	85
Cree, n.o.s.	0	305
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	15
Mi'kmaq	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	15
Ojibway languages	0	135
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	1,560
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	1,545
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	615
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	90
Dene, n.o.s.	0	70
Gwich'in	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	60
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	20
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	40
Tahltan languages	0	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	5
Tahltan	0	80
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	35
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	460
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	110
Tlingit	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Haida	0	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	35
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	10
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	5
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	30
Michif	0	25
Salish languages	0	1,080
Halkomelem	0	180
Lillooet	0	100
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	180
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	265
Squamish	0	25
Straits	0	95
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	55
Siouan languages	0	10
Assiniboine	0	5
Dakota	0	5
Stoney	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	1,005
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	575
Nisga'a	0	320
Tsimshian	0	115
Wakashan languages	0	760
Haisla	0	80
Heiltsuk	0	295
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	150
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	215
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	70
Non-Indigenous languages	380	1,373,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	33,195
Berber languages	0	110
Kabyle	0	70
Tamazight	0	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Chadic languages	0	50
Hausa	0	40
Mina	0	10
Coptic	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	2,005
Bilen	0	30
Oromo	0	310
Somali	0	1,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Semitic languages	0	31,020
Amharic	0	1,620
Arabic	0	22,970
Aramaic languages	0	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	580
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	800
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	125
Harari	0	15
Hebrew	0	2,260
Maltese	0	170
Tigrigna	0	2,455
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	34,145
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	1,530
Vietnamese	0	32,560
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	50
Austronesian languages	45	104,100
Bikol	0	425
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	1,375
Cebuano	0	3,585
Fijian	0	345
Hiligaynon	0	1,895
Ilocano	0	6,325
Indonesian	0	4,080
Kankanaey	0	200
Kinaray-a	0	125
Malagasy languages	0	35
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	30
Malay	0	365
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	870
Pangasinan	0	395
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	82,835
Waray-Waray	0	300
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	945
Creole languages	0	925
Haitian Creole	0	115
Jamaican English Creole	0	40
Krio	0	35
Morisyen	0	375
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Dravidian languages	20	13,260
Kannada	0	565
Malayalam	0	4,740
Tamil	0	5,055
Telugu	10	2,810
Tulu	0	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Georgian	0	160
Hmong-Mien languages	0	85
Indo-European languages	270	657,345
Albanian	0	1,645
Armenian	0	1,350
Balto-Slavic languages	45	81,655
Baltic languages	0	1,065
Latvian	0	545
Lithuanian	0	525
Slavic languages	45	80,590
Belarusian	0	70
Bulgarian	0	2,025
Czech	10	5,855
Macedonian	0	330
Polish	15	15,810
Russian	10	28,660
Rusyn	0	25
Serbo-Croatian	5	16,425
Bosnian	0	1,655
Croatian	0	6,805
Serbian	5	7,665
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	300
Slovak	0	3,275
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	950
Ukrainian	5	7,120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Celtic languages	0	415
Irish	0	110
Scottish Gaelic	0	80
Welsh	0	200
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	30
Germanic languages	70	84,375
Frisian	0	200
High German languages	45	53,255
German	45	50,695
Pennsylvania German	0	15
Swiss German	5	2,330
Yiddish	0	215
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	23,295
Afrikaans	0	3,700
Dutch	10	17,345
Low German, n.o.s.	0	235
Low Saxon	0	110
Plautdietsch	0	1,580
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	320
Scandinavian languages	15	7,530
Danish	0	3,625
Icelandic	0	215
Norwegian	0	1,520
Swedish	10	2,175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	95
Greek	0	5,545
Indo-Iranian languages	60	368,635
Indo-Aryan languages	60	306,465
Assamese	0	75
Bengali	0	4,765
Gujarati	15	8,250
Hindi	10	32,390
Kacchi	0	1,195
Kashmiri	0	80
Konkani	0	280
Marathi	0	1,605
Nepali	5	1,725
Oriya languages	0	110
Odia	0	65
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	240,865
Rohingya	0	65
Sindhi	0	285
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	1,935
Urdu	0	12,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	625
Iranian languages	0	62,135
Baluchi	0	65
Kurdish	0	2,775
Parsi	0	155
Pashto	0	1,365
Persian languages	0	57,700
Dari	0	6,005
Iranian Persian	0	46,395
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	5,295
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Italic (Romance) languages	85	113,685
Catalan	0	200
Italian	45	19,805
Portuguese	10	24,320
Romanian	0	8,775
Spanish	35	60,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Japanese	15	22,030
Korean	10	59,935
Mongolian	0	435
Niger-Congo languages	5	4,910
Akan (Twi)	0	545
Bamanankan	0	15
Edo	0	75
Éwé	0	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	40
Ga	0	50
Ganda	0	160
Gikuyu	0	70
Igbo	0	290
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	295
Lingala	0	90
Luba-Kasai	0	10
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	30
Ndebele	0	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	225
Shona	0	355
Soninke	0	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	65
Swahili	0	1,090
Wojenaka	0	10
Wolof	0	50
Yoruba	0	555
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	735
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	420
Dinka	0	105
Nuer	0	50
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	220
African, n.o.s.	0	45
Sign languages	0	1,000
American Sign Language	0	895
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	419,855
Chinese languages	15	417,290
Hakka	0	2,080
Mandarin	5	205,205
Min Dong	0	185
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	11,780
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	3,200
Yue (Cantonese)	5	192,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	2,560
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	135
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	2,485
Burmese	0	1,015
Kuki-Chin languages	0	210
Karenic languages	0	725
S'gaw Karen	0	645
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Tibetan	0	395
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	140
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	75
Tai-Kadai languages	5	4,395
Lao	0	1,100
Thai	5	3,170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	120
Turkic languages	0	6,055
Azerbaijani	0	625
Kazakh	0	115
Turkish	0	4,765
Uyghur	0	240
Uzbek	0	150
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	165
Uralic languages	10	11,275
Estonian	0	575
Finnish	0	3,005
Hungarian	10	7,700
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	130
Multiple responses	130	190,055
English and French	70	17,320
English and non-official language(s)	50	150,730
French and non-official language(s)	0	2,395
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	2,960
Multiple non-official languages	5	16,645
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	6,240	4,951,660
English	5,670	3,491,395
French	35	11,050
Non-official language	55	464,235
Indigenous³⁹	0	645
Non-Indigenous	55	463,590
English and French	185	42,645
English and non-official language(s)	270	880,090
French and non-official language(s)	5	1,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	21,610
Multiple non-official languages	0	39,565
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	6,240	4,951,660
Single responses	6,135	4,753,615
Official languages	6,030	3,906,070
English	5,955	3,888,825
French	80	17,245
Non-official languages	110	847,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	1,215
Algonquian languages	0	130
Blackfoot	0	10
Cree-Innu languages	0	110
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	100
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	465
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	460
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	215
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.	0	20
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0
Tahltan	0	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	165
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	30
Tlingit	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Haida	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	15
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	10
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5
Michif	0	10
Salish languages	0	250
Halkomelem	0	45
Lillooet	0	40
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	30
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	80
Squamish	0	5
Straits	0	30
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Siouan languages	0	15
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	210
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	120
Nisga'a	0	80
Tsimshian	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	65
Haisla	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	20
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	30
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	30
Non-Indigenous languages	110	846,335
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	19,805
Berber languages	0	40
Kabyle	0	30
Tamazight	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Chadic languages	0	10
Hausa	0	5
Mina	0	5
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	1,150
Bilen	0	25
Oromo	0	155
Somali	0	930
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Semitic languages	0	18,605
Amharic	0	765
Arabic	0	13,845
Aramaic languages	0	1,110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	600
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	120
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	0	1,030
Maltese	0	5
Tigrigna	0	1,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	21,705
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	780
Vietnamese	0	20,890
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	40
Austronesian languages	15	54,720
Bikol	0	130
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	585
Cebuano	0	1,735
Fijian	0	110
Hiligaynon	0	865
Ilocano	0	3,280
Indonesian	0	1,375
Kankanaey	0	105
Kinaray-a	0	55
Malagasy languages	0	15
Merina	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	15
Malay	0	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	425
Pangasinan	0	130
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	45,380
Waray-Waray	0	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Creole languages	0	430
Haitian Creole	0	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	25
Krio	0	20
Morisyen	0	230
Sango	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Dravidian languages	10	8,005
Kannada	0	240
Malayalam	0	2,890
Tamil	0	3,185
Telugu	5	1,645
Tulu	0	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	25
Georgian	0	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	35
Indo-European languages	60	364,340
Albanian	0	690
Armenian	0	675
Balto-Slavic languages	5	33,875
Baltic languages	0	225
Latvian	0	90
Lithuanian	0	135
Slavic languages	5	33,650
Belarusian	0	15
Bulgarian	0	900
Czech	0	1,760
Macedonian	0	125
Polish	0	5,250
Russian	0	16,090
Rusyn	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	6,745
Bosnian	0	720
Croatian	0	1,940
Serbian	0	4,010
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	75
Slovak	0	1,040
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	85
Ukrainian	0	1,630
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Celtic languages	0	45
Irish	0	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	5
Welsh	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	12,280
Frisian	0	10
High German languages	0	7,805
German	0	7,320
Pennsylvania German	0	5
Swiss German	0	480
Yiddish	0	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	3,785
Afrikaans	0	1,725
Dutch	0	1,485
Low German, n.o.s.	0	60
Low Saxon	0	45
Plautdietsch	0	440
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	30
Scandinavian languages	0	670
Danish	0	220
Icelandic	0	50
Norwegian	0	95
Swedish	0	305
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Greek	0	1,915
Indo-Iranian languages	35	263,030
Indo-Aryan languages	35	220,735
Assamese	0	20
Bengali	0	2,720
Gujarati	10	4,160
Hindi	5	17,670
Kacchi	0	455
Kashmiri	0	30
Konkani	0	45
Marathi	0	780
Nepali	0	1,120
Oriya languages	0	40
Odia	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	184,065
Rohingya	0	60
Sindhi	0	130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	940
Urdu	0	8,235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	265
Iranian languages	0	42,285
Baluchi	0	40
Kurdish	0	1,765
Parsi	0	75
Pashto	0	900
Persian languages	0	39,475
Dari	0	3,690
Iranian Persian	0	32,375
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	3,405
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	20	51,830
Catalan	0	80
Italian	10	4,475
Portuguese	0	12,670
Romanian	0	3,620
Spanish	15	30,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5
Japanese	10	10,220
Korean	5	45,525
Mongolian	0	220
Niger-Congo languages	0	1,485
Akan (Twi)	0	165
Bamanankan	0	5
Edo	0	10
Éwé	0	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	15
Ga	0	15
Ganda	0	30
Gikuyu	0	10
Igbo	0	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	105
Lingala	0	25
Luba-Kasai	0	0
Mòoré	0	0
Mwani	0	0
Ndebele	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	130
Shona	0	65
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5
Swahili	0	375
Wojenaka	0	0
Wolof	0	15
Yoruba	0	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	155
Dinka	0	30
Nuer	0	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	90
African, n.o.s.	0	20
Sign languages	0	1,720
American Sign Language	0	1,390
Quebec Sign Language	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	325
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	310,860
Chinese languages	0	309,165
Hakka	0	605
Mandarin	0	162,130
Min Dong	0	95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	6,285
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	2,010
Yue (Cantonese)	0	136,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	1,455
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	1,665
Burmese	0	670
Kuki-Chin languages	0	170
Karenic languages	0	530
S'gaw Karen	0	475
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tibetan	0	240
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	1,570
Lao	0	500
Thai	0	1,010
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Turkic languages	0	3,030
Azerbaijani	0	295
Kazakh	0	15
Turkish	0	2,500
Uyghur	0	125
Uzbek	0	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	40
Uralic languages	0	2,375
Estonian	0	65
Finnish	0	500
Hungarian	0	1,815
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Multiple responses	100	198,040
English and French	45	7,210
English and non-official language(s)	55	183,010
French and non-official language(s)	0	535
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	1,525
Multiple non-official languages	0	5,760
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	6,240	4,951,660
None	5,860	4,130,200
English	75	304,845
French	100	34,575
Non-official language	180	379,250
Indigenous³⁹	0	5,140
Non-Indigenous	180	374,105
English and French	0	2,740
English and non-official language(s)	10	46,940
French and non-official language(s)	5	11,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	655
Multiple non-official languages	5	40,580
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	6,180	4,915,940
Official languages	6,175	4,754,865
English	6,170	4,753,275
French	745	327,350
Non-official languages	825	1,780,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	16,560
Algonquian languages	0	1,985
Blackfoot	0	60
Cree-Innu languages	0	1,450
Atikamekw	0	15
Cree languages	0	1,425
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	95
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	435
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	160
Cree, n.o.s.	0	745
Innu (Montagnais)	0	10
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	65
Mi'kmaq	0	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	440
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	25
Ojibway languages	0	400
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	80
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	50
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	275
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Athabaskan languages	0	3,540
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	3,490
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	1,530
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	205
Dene, n.o.s.	0	205
Gwich'in	0	15
Slavey-Hare languages	0	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	25
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	55
Tahltan languages	0	235
Kaska (Nahani)	0	20
Tahltan	0	220
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	15
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	135
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	855
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	25
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	15
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	245
Tlingit	0	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	20
Haida	0	225
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	205
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	30
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	175
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	100
Cayuga	0	0
Mohawk	0	90
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	190
Michif	0	240
Salish languages	0	5,145
Halkomelem	0	1,400
Lillooet	0	590
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	465
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	1,060
Squamish	0	345
Straits	0	315
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	690
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	325
Siouan languages	0	100
Assiniboine	0	15
Dakota	0	30
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Tsimshian languages	0	2,610
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	1,120
Nisga'a	0	1,080
Tsimshian	0	455
Wakashan languages	0	2,145
Haisla	0	285
Heiltsuk	0	330
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	790
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	685
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	355
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	285
Non-Indigenous languages	825	1,764,475
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	50,895
Berber languages	0	235
Kabyle	0	140
Tamazight	0	65
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	35
Chadic languages	0	315
Hausa	0	285
Mina	0	25
Coptic	0	60
Cushitic languages	0	2,745
Bilen	0	30
Oromo	0	500
Somali	0	2,215
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	50
Semitic languages	0	48,405
Amharic	0	3,100
Arabic	0	35,595
Aramaic languages	0	2,270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	895
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	1,050
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	380
Harari	0	20
Hebrew	0	6,995
Maltese	0	270
Tigrigna	0	3,435
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	44,030
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	2,210
Vietnamese	0	41,975
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	65
Austronesian languages	55	148,455
Bikol	0	810
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	1,655
Cebuano	0	5,995
Fijian	0	1,020
Hiligaynon	0	3,135
Ilocano	0	11,285
Indonesian	0	6,810
Kankanaey	0	330
Kinaray-a	0	200
Malagasy languages	0	100
Merina	0	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	85
Malay	0	3,485
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	1,550
Pangasinan	0	925
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	133,780
Waray-Waray	0	865
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	3,590
Creole languages	0	3,230
Haitian Creole	0	470
Jamaican English Creole	0	265
Krio	0	160
Morisyen	0	1,070
Sango	0	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	835
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	555
Dravidian languages	0	20,585
Kannada	0	1,615
Malayalam	0	6,765
Tamil	0	9,740
Telugu	0	4,860
Tulu	0	205
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	45
Georgian	0	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	160
Indo-European languages	620	906,560
Albanian	0	2,195
Armenian	0	1,600
Balto-Slavic languages	75	101,395
Baltic languages	0	1,480
Latvian	0	730
Lithuanian	0	750
Slavic languages	75	100,340
Belarusian	0	330
Bulgarian	0	2,475
Czech	15	7,935
Macedonian	0	505
Polish	20	19,640
Russian	25	42,390
Rusyn	0	45
Serbo-Croatian	0	21,625
Bosnian	0	3,150
Croatian	0	11,060
Serbian	0	11,070
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	480
Slovak	15	4,315
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	1,280
Ukrainian	10	12,205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	70
Celtic languages	0	2,675
Irish	0	1,665
Scottish Gaelic	0	260
Welsh	0	610
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	160
Germanic languages	195	128,605
Frisian	0	375
High German languages	155	86,275
German	145	84,325
Pennsylvania German	0	25
Swiss German	10	3,030
Yiddish	0	480
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	34,480
Afrikaans	0	9,755
Dutch	10	22,380
Low German, n.o.s.	0	345
Low Saxon	0	55
Plautdietsch	0	2,180
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	405
Scandinavian languages	25	12,425
Danish	0	4,950
Icelandic	0	330
Norwegian	0	3,125
Swedish	25	4,730
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Greek	0	9,005
Indo-Iranian languages	95	477,485
Indo-Aryan languages	95	406,375
Assamese	0	100
Bengali	0	6,565
Gujarati	20	14,340
Hindi	75	134,950
Kacchi	0	2,925
Kashmiri	0	185
Konkani	0	775
Marathi	0	3,555
Nepali	25	2,445
Oriya languages	0	180
Odia	0	95
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	85
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	315,000
Rohingya	0	55
Sindhi	0	645
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	3,440
Urdu	15	25,780
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	1,645
Iranian languages	0	73,745
Baluchi	0	155
Kurdish	0	3,875
Parsi	0	290
Pashto	0	2,645
Persian languages	0	68,960
Dari	0	8,235
Iranian Persian	0	55,745
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	5,780
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	200
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	210
Italic (Romance) languages	280	211,725
Catalan	0	565
Italian	100	36,370
Portuguese	20	33,005
Romanian	0	11,210
Spanish	190	143,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	655
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	320
Japanese	80	41,835
Korean	0	69,935
Mongolian	0	565
Niger-Congo languages	0	13,290
Akan (Twi)	0	1,365
Bamanankan	0	65
Edo	0	175
Éwé	0	290
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	85
Ga	0	215
Ganda	0	415
Gikuyu	0	130
Igbo	0	980
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	605
Lingala	0	475
Luba-Kasai	0	60
Mòoré	0	15
Mwani	0	10
Ndebele	0	190
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	335
Shona	0	725
Soninke	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	105
Swahili	0	5,205
Wojenaka	0	25
Wolof	0	165
Yoruba	0	1,815
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	2,275
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	670
Dinka	0	115
Nuer	0	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	490
African, n.o.s.	0	130
Sign languages	0	7,965
American Sign Language	0	7,020
Quebec Sign Language	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	1,105
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	491,660
Chinese languages	35	488,465
Hakka	0	3,615
Mandarin	0	312,625
Min Dong	0	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	24,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	4,760
Yue (Cantonese)	30	246,045
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	2,215
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	255
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	3,375
Burmese	0	1,730
Kuki-Chin languages	0	295
Karenic languages	0	770
S'gaw Karen	0	705
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	85
Tibetan	0	590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	275
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	215
Tai-Kadai languages	0	6,725
Lao	0	1,635
Thai	0	5,310
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	170
Turkic languages	0	10,910
Azerbaijani	0	1,665
Kazakh	0	230
Turkish	0	9,230
Uyghur	0	235
Uzbek	0	275
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	295
Uralic languages	0	13,510
Estonian	0	695
Finnish	0	3,635
Hungarian	0	9,230
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	585
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	6,175	4,915,945
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	270	290,210
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	265	279,670
First Nations (North American Indian)	95	180,085
Métis	155	97,860
Inuk (Inuit)	15	1,720
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	5,980
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	4,560
Non-Indigenous identity	5,905	4,625,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	6,175	4,915,945
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	40	136,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,135	4,779,065
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,600	2,041,835
Owner	1,875	1,363,190
Renter	720	669,450
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	9,190
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,600	2,041,835
Condominium	410	482,755
Not condominium	2,185	1,559,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,600	2,041,835
No bedrooms	20	30,855
1 bedroom	235	354,020
2 bedrooms	625	569,180
3 bedrooms	940	539,910
4 or more bedrooms	770	547,870
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,600	2,041,835
1 to 4 rooms	675	766,380
5 rooms	440	300,895
6 rooms	390	248,045
7 rooms	350	205,105
8 or more rooms	745	521,410
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	5.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,600	2,041,835
One person or fewer per room	2,565	1,984,655
More than one person per room	30	57,180
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,600	2,041,835
Suitable	2,515	1,919,140
Not suitable	80	122,700
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,600	2,041,835
1960 or before	580	256,175
1961 to 1980	970	550,690
1981 to 1990	250	289,940
1991 to 2000	215	336,315
2001 to 2005	170	122,855
2006 to 2010	225	164,165
2011 to 2015	95	135,725
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	105	185,965
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,600	2,041,835
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,400	1,922,640
Major repairs needed	195	119,195
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,600	2,041,835
One-maintainer household	1,165	1,003,245
Two-maintainer household	1,305	904,960
Three-or-more-maintainer household	130	133,630
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,600	2,041,835
15 to 24 years	45	57,980
25 to 34 years	510	282,195
35 to 44 years	605	343,380
45 to 54 years	400	354,340
55 to 64 years	415	407,735
65 to 74 years	395	347,335
75 to 84 years	180	182,155
85 years and over	40	66,710
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,595	1,988,210
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,270	1,481,365
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	330	506,850
30% to less than 100%	305	434,390
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,600	2,041,830
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	545	683,985
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	300	451,550
Not suitable only	55	89,300
Major repairs needed only	140	80,200
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	23,945
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	30	29,585
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	7,640
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	1,770
Acceptable housing	2,050	1,357,845
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,575	1,915,755
In core need	125	257,090
Not in core need	2,445	1,658,665
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,880	1,330,795
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.2	57.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	19.3
% in core housing need⁶³	2.4	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	1,320
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	1,668
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	645,000	785,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	643,000	983,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	715	663,870
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.4	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.5	37.8
% in core housing need⁶³	10.6	24.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,284	1,494
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	9,190
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	11.4
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	368
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	446
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	6,175	4,915,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	45	120,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	45	118,210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30	100,805
Métis single ancestry	15	16,830
Inuit single ancestry	0	570
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	2,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	35
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	310	191,640
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	305	184,975
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	123,735
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	59,905
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	1,330
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	6,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	6,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	170
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,820	4,604,055
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	6,175	4,915,940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	5,560	4,359,045
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,210	812,305
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,350	3,546,745
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	615	556,895
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	6,175	4,915,940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	5,120	3,319,230
Immigrants⁸¹	855	1,425,710
Before 1980	205	280,160
1980 to 1990	70	164,445
1991 to 2000	45	299,115
2001 to 2010	175	316,915
2011 to 2021⁸²	355	365,075
2011 to 2015	160	167,650
2016 to 2021	195	197,425
Non-permanent residents⁸³	200	171,000
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	855	1,425,715
Under 5 years	90	117,555
5 to 14 years	125	226,910
15 to 24 years	115	275,435
25 to 44 years	490	639,200
45 years and over	40	166,605
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	855	1,425,715
Americas	115	126,075
Brazil	0	8,765
Colombia	0	5,450
El Salvador	0	5,770
Guyana	0	1,400
Haiti	0	490
Jamaica	0	4,295
Mexico	0	13,385
Peru	0	3,510
Trinidad and Tobago	0	2,725
United States of America	80	59,920
Other places of birth in Americas	15	20,355
Europe	465	307,495
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	4,510
Croatia	0	5,390
France	35	7,025
Germany	50	30,910
Greece	0	3,350
Hungary	0	5,115
Italy	40	13,410
Netherlands	10	16,070
Poland	0	14,305
Portugal	0	7,785
Romania	0	9,370
Russian Federation	15	12,170
Serbia⁸⁶	0	4,565
Ukraine	0	9,450
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275	116,525
Other places of birth in Europe	35	47,545
Africa	10	53,330
Algeria	0	510
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	1,005
Egypt	0	3,310
Eritrea	0	2,485
Ethiopia	0	2,590
Morocco	0	1,270
Nigeria	0	3,585
Somalia	0	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	10	15,380
Other places of birth in Africa	0	21,955
Asia	135	905,585
Afghanistan	0	6,245
Iran⁸⁸	0	45,970
Iraq	0	7,000
Lebanon	0	2,455
Syria⁸⁹	0	6,545
Turkey	0	3,095
China⁹⁰	0	217,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	78,855
Korea, South⁹²	0	47,520
Taiwan	0	40,445
Philippines	30	131,645
Viet Nam	0	32,390
Bangladesh	0	3,035
India	15	197,115
Pakistan	0	13,345
Sri Lanka	0	5,375
Other places of birth in Asia	50	66,580
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	33,225
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	195	197,420
Americas	15	22,835
Brazil	0	5,130
Colombia	0	1,075
Haiti	0	35
Jamaica	0	1,005
Mexico	0	3,045
United States of America	0	8,760
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	530
Other places of birth in Americas	0	3,265
Europe	85	25,290
France	15	1,730
Germany	0	1,380
Ireland⁹⁶	0	2,420
Italy	0	995
Russian Federation	0	2,075
Ukraine	0	1,935
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	7,675
Other places of birth in Europe	0	7,090
Africa	0	10,465
Algeria	0	65
Burundi	0	110
Cameroon	0	120
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	340
Côte d'Ivoire	0	40
Egypt	0	610
Eritrea	0	1,515
Ethiopia	0	620
Morocco	0	275
Nigeria	0	1,770
Somalia	0	255
South Africa, Republic of	0	1,965
Sudan⁹⁷	0	235
Tunisia	0	115
Other places of birth in Africa	0	2,420
Asia	20	134,395
Afghanistan	0	1,325
Bangladesh	0	655
China⁹⁰	0	31,450
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	2,515
India	10	39,390
Iran⁸⁸	0	5,850
Iraq	0	1,545
Israel	0	605
Japan	0	2,090
Jordan	0	395
Korea, South⁹²	0	7,220
Lebanon	0	395
Nepal	0	405
Pakistan	0	2,390
Philippines	0	21,220
Saudi Arabia	0	565
Sri Lanka	0	710
Syria⁸⁹	0	4,955
Turkey	0	1,025
United Arab Emirates	0	620
Viet Nam	0	2,845
Other places of birth in Asia	0	6,215
Oceania and other⁹³	65	4,440
Australia	60	3,280
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	1,160
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	6,180	4,915,940
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,105	1,657,625
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,170	1,068,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	3,900	2,189,720
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	650	1,145,550
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	410	661,395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	215	273,695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	190	387,700
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	230	372,185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	97,720
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	14,250
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	650	1,145,550
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	27,320
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	370	138,760
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	40,690
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	71,860
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	5,145
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	235	861,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	6,180	4,915,945
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	440	1,689,490
South Asian	115	473,965
Chinese	60	550,590
Black	20	61,760
Filipino	85	174,280
Arab	0	28,010
Latin American	30	65,970
Southeast Asian	10	71,785
West Asian	0	69,270
Korean	30	72,815
Japanese	85	44,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	18,080
Multiple visible minorities	0	58,840
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	5,735	3,226,450
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	6,175	4,915,940
Canadian	880	459,320
English	1,855	1,019,250
Irish	1,050	627,920
Scottish	1,330	774,455
French, n.o.s.¹²²	550	312,750
German	945	539,145
Chinese	75	517,805
Italian	480	162,485
Indian (India)	60	275,975
Ukrainian	350	210,100
Dutch	275	189,985
Polish	330	134,635
Québécois	10	6,240
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	290	191,025
Filipino	75	172,915
French Canadian	95	39,930
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	155	82,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	85	105,005
Métis	130	85,205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	170	102,475
Russian	180	121,755
Norwegian	180	137,170
Welsh	210	104,225
Portuguese	20	39,755
American	160	71,530
Spanish	25	54,365
Swedish	145	103,630
Hungarian	100	51,915
Acadian	25	7,025
Pakistani	0	19,050
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	18,520
Jewish	45	34,395
Punjabi	0	93,395
Vietnamese	0	51,890
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	12,590
Greek	10	23,300
Jamaican	0	9,865
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	47,650
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	24,875
Korean	0	72,025
Romanian	55	30,195
Lebanese	25	8,440
Iranian	0	49,390
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	13,865
Danish	40	54,865
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	24,140
Sikh	0	69,100
Austrian	65	45,280
Belgian	40	19,505
Haitian	0	1,215
Hindu	0	19,405
Mexican	20	28,445
Mennonite	0	20,925
Swiss	45	28,520
Finnish	25	33,680
Sri Lankan	0	6,440
Croatian	20	23,750
Japanese	95	54,640
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	20,125
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	4,840
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	30,950
Muslim	0	8,220
Egyptian	0	5,810
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	11,730
Tamil	0	3,380
Icelandic	10	25,910
Colombian	0	7,315
Moroccan	0	2,020
Czech	80	22,425
Syrian	10	6,550
Guyanese	0	2,420
Afghan	0	9,605
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	4,515
Serbian	0	12,660
Ojibway	0	5,145
Newfoundlander	25	4,530
Hong Konger	0	30,020
Ontarian	10	3,315
Persian	0	19,155
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	4,120
Turkish	0	8,070
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	2,120
Bangladeshi	0	3,740
Algerian	0	915
Brazilian	15	12,435
Nigerian	0	4,110
Armenian	0	4,040
Slovak	25	11,565
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	11,810
Somali	0	2,665
Taiwanese	0	37,530
Iraqi	0	4,590
Salvadorean	0	6,580
African Caribbean	0	1,640
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	10,735
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	5,140
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	2,715
Algonquin	0	1,880
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	1,855
Lithuanian	10	7,330
South African	45	13,965
Australian	90	18,505
Palestinian	0	2,750
Chilean	0	6,220
Congolese	0	1,500
Nova Scotian	0	2,015
Ethiopian	0	2,720
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	5,295
Peruvian	0	4,260
Yoruba	0	1,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	3,350
Berber	0	605
Albanian	0	2,455
Maltese	10	2,750
Macedonian	0	1,235
Slovenian	0	5,340
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	7,865
New Brunswicker	0	875
Gujarati	0	2,670
Eritrean	0	2,245
African Canadian	0	1,535
Israeli	0	3,645
Mohawk	0	2,355
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	6,545
Bulgarian	0	3,720
Albertan	10	3,430
Ghanaian	0	1,670
Barbadian	0	1,950
African American	15	4,500
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	5,580
Tunisian	0	550
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	5,285
Cuban	0	1,770
Bosnian	0	3,785
Venezuelan	0	1,835
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	180
Latvian	15	4,860
Bengali	0	1,370
Cameroonian	0	335
Guatemalan	0	2,415
Indonesian	0	8,440
Laotian	0	2,485
Ilocano	0	4,765
Northern Irish	0	4,550
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	5,445
British Columbian	20	20,450
Ecuadorian	0	1,135
Franco Ontarian	0	360
Argentinian	0	2,625
Estonian	0	4,695
Kurdish	0	3,375
Fijian	0	16,120
Jatt	0	8,370
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	2,695
Coptic	0	760
Thai	0	5,745
Dominican	0	860
Nepali	30	2,305
Kabyle	0	75
Assyrian	0	695
Igbo	0	890
Byelorussian	0	2,610
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	1,025
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	2,015
Abenaki	0	215
Moldovan	0	1,415
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	1,285
New Zealander	55	7,840
Sudanese	0	945
Breton	0	365
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	1,655
Malaysian	0	5,420
Plains Cree	0	715
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	780
Huron (Wendat)	0	390
Saskatchewanian	25	2,890
Buddhist	0	2,950
Gaspesian	0	90
Norman	0	745
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	1,830
Ivorian	0	135
Saulteaux	0	845
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	935
Burundian	0	380
Tigrinya	0	1,145
Nicaraguan	0	1,890
Mauritian	0	1,160
Kenyan	0	2,215
Oji-Cree	0	250
Vincentian	0	345
Jordanian	0	925
Manitoban	0	1,760
Cape Bretoner	0	420
Rwandan	0	635
Grenadian	0	350
Malayali	0	980
Chaldean	0	850
Sinhalese	0	1,285
Mayan	0	1,855
Honduran	0	1,500
Cherokee	0	2,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	150
Indo-Caribbean	0	385
Flemish	10	1,540
United Empire Loyalist	0	905
Senegalese	0	105
Azerbaijani	0	1,400
Sicilian	0	935
Pashtun	0	945
Malay	0	2,625
Goan	0	750
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	320
Tibetan	0	715
Zimbabwean	0	1,240
Burmese	0	2,225
Mongolian	0	1,955
Azorean	0	380
Atikamekw	0	0
Bamileke	0	55
Indo-Guyanese	0	75
Ugandan	0	1,145
Oromo	0	575
Tanzanian	0	945
Yemeni	0	420
Central African	0	35
Libyan	0	650
Basque	0	1,165
Uruguayan	0	515
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	405
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	655
Igorot	0	1,330
Fulani	0	85
Woodland Cree	0	105
Guinean	0	135
St. Lucian	0	180
Prince Edward Islander	0	280
Maliseet	0	100
Beninese	0	100
Telugu	0	615
Roma	0	1,205
Costa Rican	0	1,075
African Nova Scotian	0	145
Malagasy	0	110
Kashmiri	0	545
Singaporean	0	2,630
Karen	0	980
Edo	0	205
Tajik	0	665
Amhara	0	305
Paraguayan	0	1,095
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	6,175	4,915,945
Buddhist	20	83,860
Christian	2,010	1,684,870
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	330	434,920
Anabaptist	0	21,275
Anglican	195	137,485
Baptist	65	57,265
Catholic	900	588,140
Christian Orthodox	45	45,135
Jehovah's Witness	65	25,715
Latter Day Saints	15	12,875
Lutheran	60	46,395
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	7,290
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	10	41,140
Presbyterian	15	28,040
Reformed	0	12,455
United Church	240	129,000
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	50	97,745
Hindu	65	81,320
Jewish	15	26,850
Muslim	0	125,915
Sikh	35	290,870
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	11,570
Other religions and spiritual traditions	20	51,440
No religion and secular perspectives	4,005	2,559,250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	6,140	4,875,955
Non-movers	5,240	4,169,710
Movers	900	706,245
Non-migrants	490	395,215
Migrants	410	311,030
Internal migrants	340	251,245
Intraprovincial migrants	110	187,990
Interprovincial migrants	230	63,250
External migrants	70	59,785
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	5,825	4,699,740
Non-movers	3,210	2,639,500
Movers	2,615	2,060,245
Non-migrants	800	757,040
Migrants	1,815	1,303,200
Internal migrants	1,540	1,016,025
Intraprovincial migrants	570	799,455
Interprovincial migrants	980	216,565
External migrants	270	287,175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,090	4,200,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	500	643,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,595	3,557,095
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,615	2,691,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	145	259,010
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,470	2,432,850
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	5,090	4,200,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	450	565,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,370	1,238,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,280	2,396,755
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,645	1,197,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	560	323,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	105	133,020
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	455	190,615
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	920	711,810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	161,600
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,635	1,199,710
Bachelor's degree	1,175	775,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	84,000
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	32,985
Master's degree	295	264,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	43,440
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,615	2,691,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	115	216,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	845	694,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,650	1,780,415
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,275	838,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	217,350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	90	88,765
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	360	128,590
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	705	507,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	113,915
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,375	941,735
Bachelor's degree	1,010	610,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	75	63,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	24,675
Master's degree	240	212,745
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	30,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	5,095	4,200,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,815	1,803,665
Education	315	158,060
13. Education	315	158,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	100	109,100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	13,390
50. Visual and performing arts	100	95,715
Humanities	55	143,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	16,850
23. English language and literature/letters	25	35,465
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	48,620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	2,860
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	7,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	12,220
54. History	15	16,035
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	3,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	370	288,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	5,140
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	31,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	39,140
22. Legal professions and studies	45	44,255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	6,625
42. Psychology	40	52,080
45. Social sciences	155	110,350
Business, management and public administration	575	493,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	645
44. Public administration and social service professions	35	30,855
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	540	461,790
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	106,515
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	44,910
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	60	25,655
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	1,880
40. Physical sciences	65	30,600
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	3,470
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	105,555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	83,795
25. Library science	0	6,145
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	13,030
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	2,580
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	870	458,590
04. Architecture and related services	50	19,025
14. Engineering	225	119,995
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	100	83,585
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	115
46. Construction trades	245	104,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	185	86,325
48. Precision production	60	45,110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	165	60,510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	55	31,920
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	28,595
Health and related fields	485	350,930
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	120	27,000
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	345	312,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	725
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10,230
Personal, protective and transportation services	115	121,210
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	76,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	505
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	1,025
43. Security and protective services	30	15,820
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	27,425
Other¹⁷⁹	0	685
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,615	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	960	911,450
Education	205	99,640
13. Education	205	99,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	95	85,350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	9,815
50. Visual and performing arts	95	75,530
Humanities	45	103,360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	12,735
23. English language and literature/letters	20	25,770
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	35,310
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	5,780
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	7,845
54. History	10	11,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	2,410
Social and behavioural sciences and law	310	226,805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	4,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	45	26,730
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	29,960
22. Legal professions and studies	45	34,935
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	5,150
42. Psychology	25	39,250
45. Social sciences	125	86,555
Business, management and public administration	475	379,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	445
44. Public administration and social service professions	25	22,625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	450	356,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	150	77,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	33,945
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	18,520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	1,545
40. Physical sciences	45	21,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	1,935
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	55	87,185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40	72,700
25. Library science	0	3,600
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	8,865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	2,010
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	730	327,735
04. Architecture and related services	50	14,690
14. Engineering	195	93,760
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	90	57,590
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	100
46. Construction trades	215	74,045
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	140	57,950
48. Precision production	40	29,605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	45,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	40	23,700
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	22,005
Health and related fields	355	258,665
30.37 Design for human health	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	20,980
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	250	229,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	7,245
Personal, protective and transportation services	100	88,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	50	56,165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	305
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	450
43. Security and protective services	20	12,270
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	19,425
Other¹⁷⁹	0	535
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	3,615	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	960	911,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,655	1,780,415
Location of study inside Canada	2,165	1,316,405
Same as province or territory of residence	850	1,029,000
Different than province or territory of residence	1,315	287,405
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	485	464,010
Americas	80	84,155
United States of America	60	57,255
Mexico	0	8,850
Cuba	0	310
Haiti	0	20
Jamaica	0	655
Brazil	10	8,395
Colombia	0	2,315
Peru	0	945
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	815
Other locations of study in Americas	0	4,590
Europe	170	92,195
Belgium	0	755
France	30	5,075
Germany	10	5,805
Netherlands	0	2,315
Switzerland	0	1,915
Hungary	0	945
Moldova¹⁸³	0	455
Poland	0	2,960
Romania	0	3,515
Russian Federation	0	5,880
Ukraine	0	4,345
Ireland⁹⁶	20	5,665
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	38,270
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	840
Italy	0	1,610
Serbia⁸⁶	0	1,565
Other locations of study in Europe	0	10,275
Africa	0	12,250
Nigeria	0	1,315
Algeria	0	130
Morocco	0	470
Tunisia	0	160
Egypt	0	1,490
South Africa, Republic of	0	5,860
Other locations of study in Africa	0	2,825
Asia	65	258,905
Iran⁸⁸	0	16,325
Iraq	0	1,465
Israel	0	1,345
Lebanon	0	550
Syria⁸⁹	0	805
Turkey	0	1,680
China⁹⁰	0	59,350
Taiwan	0	8,905
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	7,025
Japan	0	8,185
Korea, South⁹²	0	19,605
Philippines	35	55,140
Viet Nam	0	2,145
Bangladesh	0	1,135
Sri Lanka	0	975
India	25	60,565
Pakistan	0	3,935
Other locations of study in Asia	0	9,780
Oceania	165	16,505
Australia	115	12,315
New Zealand	50	3,340
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	855
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	5,090	4,200,425
In the labour force	3,660	2,657,275
Employed	3,320	2,433,600
Unemployed	345	223,675
Not in the labour force	1,430	1,543,145
Participation rate	71.9	63.3
Employment rate	65.2	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	5,095	4,200,425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	1,420	1,563,830
Worked	3,675	2,636,595
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,815	1,350,335
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,860	1,286,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	3,665	2,657,275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	54,165
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	3,620	2,603,110
Employee	3,040	2,144,475
Permanent position	2,545	1,788,175
Temporary position	500	356,305
Fixed term (1 year or more)	115	116,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	385	240,110
Self-employed¹⁹²	575	458,635
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	3,665	2,657,275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	54,165
All occupations¹⁹¹	3,620	2,603,110
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	30	32,255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	505	446,160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	335	209,185
3 Health occupations	250	199,185
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	305	309,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	100	110,585
6 Sales and service occupations	1,070	666,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	710	469,450
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	190	72,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	120	88,155
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	3,665	2,657,275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	54,165
All industries¹⁹¹	3,620	2,603,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	55	60,320
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	620	24,955
22 Utilities	30	14,820
23 Construction	315	234,345
31-33 Manufacturing	155	152,790
41 Wholesale trade	65	80,165
44-45 Retail trade	415	301,060
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	30	142,230
51 Information and cultural industries	30	71,295
52 Finance and insurance	35	95,560
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	80	59,155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	210	238,650
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	5,785
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	115	110,215
61 Educational services	190	192,855
62 Health care and social assistance	335	319,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	160	60,775
72 Accommodation and food services	500	182,105
81 Other services (except public administration)	85	113,780
91 Public administration	115	142,730
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	3,940	2,855,890
English	3,825	2,617,625
French	0	3,090
Non-official language	0	52,925
Indigenous³⁹	0	140
Non-Indigenous	0	52,790
English and French	65	21,550
English and non-official language(s)	40	154,255
French and non-official language(s)	0	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	2,520
Multiple non-official languages	0	3,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	3,940	2,855,890
Single responses	3,940	2,820,225
Official languages	3,940	2,726,710
English	3,920	2,720,275
French	15	6,430
Non-official languages	0	93,520
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	290
Algonquian languages	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0
Cree languages	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0
Naskapi	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	55
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	55
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	30
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0
Tlingit	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Haida	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0
Mohawk	0	0
Oneida	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	10
Michif	0	0
Salish languages	0	125
Halkomelem	0	35
Lillooet	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	30
Squamish	0	10
Straits	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	20
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Siouan languages	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0
Dakota	0	0
Stoney	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	20
Nisga'a	0	10
Tsimshian	0	15
Wakashan languages	0	40
Haisla	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	93,230
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	520
Berber languages	0	0
Kabyle	0	0
Tamazight	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0
Coptic	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	10
Bilen	0	0
Oromo	0	0
Somali	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Semitic languages	0	500
Amharic	0	20
Arabic	0	355
Aramaic languages	0	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0
Hebrew	0	60
Tigrigna	0	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	2,720
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	30
Vietnamese	0	2,695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	855
Bikol	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0
Cebuano	0	20
Hiligaynon	0	0
Ilocano	0	40
Indonesian	0	85
Kankanaey	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0
Malay	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	680
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	15
Creole languages	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0
Morisyen	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	75
Kannada	0	0
Malayalam	0	15
Tamil	0	55
Telugu	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Georgian	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	30,820
Albanian	0	20
Armenian	0	20
Balto-Slavic languages	0	915
Baltic languages	0	15
Latvian	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0
Slavic languages	0	900
Bulgarian	0	10
Czech	0	25
Macedonian	0	0
Polish	0	85
Russian	0	645
Serbo-Croatian	0	90
Bosnian	0	10
Croatian	0	10
Serbian	0	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0
Slovak	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0
Ukrainian	0	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Celtic languages	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Germanic languages	0	680
Frisian	0	0
High German languages	0	450
German	0	400
Pennsylvania German	0	0
Swiss German	0	50
Yiddish	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	195
Afrikaans	0	0
Dutch	0	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	35
Danish	0	0
Icelandic	0	0
Norwegian	0	20
Swedish	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Greek	0	50
Indo-Iranian languages	0	25,450
Indo-Aryan languages	0	23,425
Bengali	0	10
Gujarati	0	10
Hindi	0	555
Kacchi	0	0
Marathi	0	0
Nepali	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	22,730
Sindhi	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0
Urdu	0	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Iranian languages	0	2,020
Kurdish	0	25
Pashto	0	0
Persian languages	0	1,985
Dari	0	110
Iranian Persian	0	1,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	170
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	3,675
Catalan	0	0
Italian	0	120
Portuguese	0	555
Romanian	0	60
Spanish	0	2,940
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Japanese	0	2,015
Korean	0	6,855
Mongolian	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0
Edo	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0
Ga	0	0
Ganda	0	0
Igbo	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0
Lingala	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0
Shona	0	0
Swahili	0	0
Wolof	0	0
Yoruba	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0
Dinka	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sign languages	0	300
American Sign Language	0	285
Quebec Sign Language	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	48,730
Chinese languages	0	48,670
Hakka	0	0
Mandarin	0	28,465
Min Dong	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	15
Yue (Cantonese)	0	19,865
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	60
Burmese	0	30
Karenic languages	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tibetan	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	205
Lao	0	0
Thai	0	200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Turkic languages	0	60
Azerbaijani	0	0
Turkish	0	55
Uyghur	0	0
Uzbek	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Uralic languages	0	50
Estonian	0	0
Finnish	0	20
Hungarian	0	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0
Multiple responses	0	35,660
English and French	0	2,470
English and non-official language(s)	0	32,195
French and non-official language(s)	0	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	130
Multiple non-official languages	0	825
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	3,940	2,855,890
None	3,825	2,703,945
English	10	36,055
French	55	16,140
Non-official language	35	79,300
Indigenous³⁹	0	1,320
Non-Indigenous	25	77,980
English and French	0	70
English and non-official language(s)	0	4,745
French and non-official language(s)	0	1,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	13,685
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,315	2,433,600
Worked at home	525	549,845
Worked outside Canada	0	10,065
No fixed workplace address	500	373,475
Usual place of work	2,290	1,500,215
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,290	1,500,215
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,560	774,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	645	638,825
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	77,845
Commute to a different province or territory	55	8,920
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	2,790	1,873,690
Car, truck or van	2,180	1,497,765
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,930	1,376,410
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	255	121,350
Public transit	60	174,045
Walked	285	121,550
Bicycle	210	36,790
Other method	55	43,535
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	2,790	1,873,690
Less than 15 minutes	1,635	595,470
15 to 29 minutes	520	637,130
30 to 44 minutes	225	369,645
45 to 59 minutes	120	137,115
60 minutes and over	285	134,330
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	2,790	1,873,690
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	375	125,470
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	495	298,120
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	500	449,315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	675	418,635
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	395	303,745
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	350	278,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,305	884,130
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	55,575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,140	828,550
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	935	651,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	43,010
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	23,960
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	19,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810	608,040

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act
^rE
Revised. Use with caution.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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