Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cranbrook, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	20,499^E	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,047	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,058	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,780	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	641.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	31.97	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	20,495	10,025	10,480
0 to 14 years	3,010	1,540	1,470
0 to 4 years	870	450	415
5 to 9 years	995	510	485
10 to 14 years	1,140	570	570
15 to 64 years	12,610	6,270	6,340
15 to 19 years	1,060	535	525
20 to 24 years	1,180	610	570
25 to 29 years	1,255	655	600
30 to 34 years	1,280	650	625
35 to 39 years	1,235	635	605
40 to 44 years	1,210	590	615
45 to 49 years	1,160	545	615
50 to 54 years	1,260	595	660
55 to 59 years	1,450	725	725
60 to 64 years	1,520	725	795
65 years and over	4,880	2,215	2,670
65 to 69 years	1,460	680	780
70 to 74 years	1,225	570	655
75 to 79 years	925	425	505
80 to 84 years	635	290	345
85 years and over	635	250	390
85 to 89 years	400	145	255
90 to 94 years	195	80	115
95 to 99 years	40	20	20
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.4	14.0
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.5	60.5
65 years and over	23.8	22.1	25.5
85 years and over	3.1	2.5	3.7
Average age of the population	44.4	43.3	45.5
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,780	...	...
Single-detached house	5,725	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...
Row house	530	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,295	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	455	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,780	...	...
1 person	2,595	...	...
2 persons	3,510	...	...
3 persons	1,215	...	...
4 persons	940	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	19,845	9,735	10,105
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	17,490	8,480	9,005
Married or living common-law	10,090	5,030	5,065
Married	8,080	4,020	4,060
Living common-law	2,015	1,010	1,010
Living common law - Never married	1,325	680	645
Living common law - Separated	125	55	70
Living common law - Divorced	490	240	250
Living common law - Widowed	80	30	45
Not married and not living common-law	7,400	3,455	3,940
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,430	2,465	1,965
Not married and not living common law - Separated	565	255	310
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,305	495	815
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,095	240	855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,870	...	...
2 persons	3,530	...	...
3 persons	1,105	...	...
4 persons	870	...	...
5 or more persons	370	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,870	...	...
Total couple families	4,920	...	...
Married couples	3,905	...	...
With children⁶	1,620	...	...
Without children	2,285	...	...
Common-law couples	1,010	...	...
With children⁶	355	...	...
Without children	645	...	...
Total one-parent families	955	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	720	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	19,845	9,735	10,110
Total - Persons in census families	15,805	7,835	7,970
Married spouses or common-law partners	9,830	4,915	4,920
Parents in one-parent families	955	235	720
Children⁶	5,020	2,685	2,335
In a two-parent family	3,575	1,945	1,625
In a one-parent family	1,440	740	705
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,035	1,900	2,135
Living alone	2,595	1,155	1,445
Living with other relatives⁷	375	160	215
Living with non-relatives only	1,070	590	485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,780	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,275	...	...
Couple-family households	4,500	...	...
With children⁶	1,795	...	...
Without children	2,705	...	...
One-parent-family households	775	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	130	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	320	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	420	...	...
One-person households	2,595	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	16,840	8,200	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,430	8,015	8,415
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,440	8,015	8,420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,755	7,385	7,370
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,485	5,950	5,535
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	47,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,855	6,340	7,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,645	825	815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,780	1,670	2,105
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	16,845	8,200	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,465	8,015	8,450
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,920	61,500	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,480	8,020	8,455
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	51,700	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,890	7,445	7,440
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	56,450	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,485	5,940	5,545
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,050	35,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,855	6,390	7,465
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,080	11,410	12,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,655	815	835
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,630	6,360	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,760	1,680	2,080
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,390	7,740	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	16,840	8,205	8,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,040	2,925	2,110
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	75,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,300	77,300	58,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,945	2,250	2,695
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	27,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	42,080	23,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	85.2	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.8	68.8	56.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	14.8	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.4	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	16,845	8,200	8,640
Without total income	410	190	225
With total income	16,430	8,010	8,420
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,225	465	755
$10,000 to $19,999	1,875	680	1,195
$20,000 to $29,999	2,595	1,005	1,595
$30,000 to $39,999	2,305	965	1,340
$40,000 to $49,999	1,925	855	1,070
$50,000 to $59,999	1,600	760	840
$60,000 to $69,999	1,150	625	520
$70,000 to $79,999	885	565	320
$80,000 to $89,999	670	420	245
$90,000 to $99,999	555	385	175
$100,000 and over	1,655	1,285	370
$100,000 to $149,999	1,260	980	285
$150,000 and over	395	310	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	16,845	8,200	8,640
Without after-tax income	400	180	220
With after-tax income	16,440	8,020	8,425
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,280	490	790
$10,000 to $19,999	1,940	705	1,240
$20,000 to $29,999	2,975	1,175	1,800
$30,000 to $39,999	2,620	1,100	1,520
$40,000 to $49,999	2,160	995	1,160
$50,000 to $59,999	1,610	870	745
$60,000 to $69,999	1,145	720	425
$70,000 to $79,999	835	545	285
$80,000 to $89,999	715	515	200
$90,000 to $99,999	425	320	105
$100,000 and over	730	575	160
$100,000 to $124,999	425	335	90
$125,000 and over	305	235	70
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	16,845	8,200	8,640
Without employment income	5,355	2,250	3,105
With employment income	11,490	5,950	5,535
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,570	755	815
$5,000 to $9,999	835	345	495
$10,000 to $19,999	1,365	570	795
$20,000 to $29,999	1,165	485	675
$30,000 to $39,999	1,090	455	635
$40,000 to $49,999	1,060	475	585
$50,000 to $59,999	955	425	525
$60,000 to $69,999	650	375	280
$70,000 to $79,999	580	385	200
$80,000 to $89,999	485	330	160
$90,000 to $99,999	455	315	135
$100,000 and over	1,270	1,040	235
$100,000 to $124,999	745	595	150
$125,000 and over	530	445	85
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	16,840	8,200	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,080	7,825	8,255
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,110	7,830	8,280
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,695	7,310	7,385
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,130	6,220	5,910
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,000	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,505	4,920	6,590
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,700	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,330	645	690
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,360	4,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	16,845	8,200	8,640
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,140	7,855	8,290
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,640	61,450	38,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,155	7,855	8,295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,120	50,880	33,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,910	7,415	7,495
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960	58,200	33,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,245	6,260	5,980
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,000	56,550	32,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,660	4,995	6,665
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,980	10,190	9,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,365	685	680
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,530	6,240	6,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	16,840	8,205	8,640
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,020	2,925	2,090
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	70,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	76,100	53,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,785	2,175	2,610
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	32,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,200	48,400	26,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	79.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	73.4	61.7
Government transfers (%)	14.5	10.5	20.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,780	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,595	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,185	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,780	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,585	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,195	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,780	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	310	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	305	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	360	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	360	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	385	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	670	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	655	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	595	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	525	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,330	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,060	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	780	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	905	...	...
$200,000 and over	585	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,780	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	180	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	410	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	370	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	365	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	390	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	430	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	435	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	760	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	710	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	725	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	615	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	565	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,670	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,145	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	665	...	...
$150,000 and over	855	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,855	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,790	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,000	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	910	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,665	1,740	1,925
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	36,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,875	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,775	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,015	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,645	1,770	1,875
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,680	53,700	40,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,720	45,400	36,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	19,845	9,735	10,105
0 to 17 years	3,645	1,865	1,780
0 to 5 years	1,065	545	520
18 to 64 years	11,710	5,785	5,920
65 years and over	4,490	2,090	2,400
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,795	765	1,025
0 to 17 years	340	165	170
0 to 5 years	105	50	55
18 to 64 years	870	400	470
65 years and over	590	200	390
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.1	7.9	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.3	8.8	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	8.8	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.4	6.9	7.9
65 years and over (%)	13.1	9.6	16.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	19,845	9,735	10,110
0 to 17 years	3,645	1,865	1,780
0 to 5 years	1,065	550	520
18 to 64 years	11,705	5,785	5,925
65 years and over	4,490	2,085	2,405
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	445	225	215
0 to 17 years	90	40	50
0 to 5 years	25	10	10
18 to 64 years	310	170	135
65 years and over	45	15	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.3	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.0	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.9	2.4
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	19,845	9,735	10,105
In bottom half of the distribution	9,815	4,585	5,225
In bottom decile	1,735	745	985
In second decile	1,875	865	1,010
In third decile	2,155	1,020	1,130
In fourth decile	2,000	940	1,060
In fifth decile	2,055	1,020	1,035
In top half of the distribution	10,030	5,150	4,885
In sixth decile	2,220	1,095	1,125
In seventh decile	2,085	1,055	1,030
In eighth decile	2,050	1,065	980
In ninth decile	2,205	1,165	1,045
In top decile	1,475	770	700
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	19,845	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	19,970	9,810	10,165
English only	19,070	9,405	9,670
French only	5	0	5
English and French	860	385	470
Neither English nor French	40	15	25
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	19,970	9,810	10,165
English	19,755	9,710	10,050
French	170	80	90
English and French	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	30	15	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	19,970	9,810	10,165
Single responses	19,700	9,680	10,025
Official languages	18,435	9,090	9,345
English	18,250	9,000	9,250
French	185	90	95
Non-official languages	1,270	590	675
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	5	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,255	585	665
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	30	75
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	25	65
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	870	420	445
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	70
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	115	45	70
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	5
Macedonian	5	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	35	10	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	300	135	170
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	200	85	110
German	190	80	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	15	10	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	40
Afrikaans	30	10	15
Dutch	45	20	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	235	135	100
Indo-Aryan languages	230	130	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	40	25	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	90	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	100	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	110	55	55
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	70	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	5	15
Korean	50	30	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60
Chinese languages	95	40	50
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	55	20	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10
Burmese	10	5	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10
Lao	5	0	0
Thai	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	20	10	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	270	125	140
English and French	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	205	95	105
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	19,970	9,810	10,165
English	18,800	9,255	9,545
French	30	10	15
Non-official language	185	90	90
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	185	90	90
English and French	80	40	45
English and non-official language(s)	825	385	445
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	19,970	9,810	10,165
Single responses	19,795	9,720	10,075
Official languages	19,360	9,500	9,850
English	19,320	9,485	9,835
French	35	20	20
Non-official languages	440	215	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	435	215	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	15	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	270	135	135
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	75
Indo-Aryan languages	160	80	75
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	5	5
Hindi	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	55
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	65	35	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	15	15
Portuguese	10	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	5
Korean	35	25	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25
Chinese languages	40	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	15	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5
Burmese	10	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	180	90	95
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	165	80	85
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	19,970	9,805	10,165
None	19,150	9,430	9,725
English	175	80	90
French	70	30	40
Non-official language	455	205	255
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	435	195	245
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	60	35	30
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	19,845	9,735	10,110
Official languages	19,790	9,720	10,070
English	19,780	9,720	10,065
French	810	395	415
Non-official languages	1,920	880	1,040
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	25	0	15
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,875	860	1,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	220	95	120
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	90	115
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	45	15	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	40	10	25
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	35	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	30	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,150	515	635
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	65	95
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	65	95
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	20	0	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	15	10
Russian	70	30	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Serbian	15	0	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	390	160	230
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	235	90	145
German	225	90	140
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	70	80
Afrikaans	125	50	75
Dutch	35	25	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10
Danish	15	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages	270	140	130
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	0	15
Hindi	170	90	80
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	115	110
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	150	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	125	60	65
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	215	85	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	40	25	15
Korean	35	20	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	80	130
Chinese languages	190	80	110
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	55	70
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	0	20
Burmese	30	0	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	30
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,845	9,735	10,110
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,965	975	995
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,915	955	955
First Nations (North American Indian)	790	365	425
Métis	1,105	585	520
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	20	20
Non-Indigenous identity	17,875	8,760	9,115
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	19,845	9,735	10,110
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	510	220	290
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	19,330	9,515	9,815
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,780	...	...
Owner	6,455	...	...
Renter	2,320	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,780	...	...
Condominium	860	...	...
Not condominium	7,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,780	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...
1 bedroom	755	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,230	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,700	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,065	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,780	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,035	...	...
5 rooms	1,365	...	...
6 rooms	1,210	...	...
7 rooms	1,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,965	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,780	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,730	...	...
More than one person per room	45	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,780	...	...
Suitable	8,570	...	...
Not suitable	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,780	...	...
1960 or before	1,495	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,450	...	...
1981 to 1990	945	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,365	...	...
2001 to 2005	290	...	...
2006 to 2010	530	...	...
2011 to 2015	385	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,780	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,240	...	...
Major repairs needed	545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,780	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,540	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,925	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	315	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,780	...	...
15 to 24 years	300	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,120	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,340	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,355	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,755	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,610	...	...
75 to 84 years	975	...	...
85 years and over	330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,760	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,430	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,330	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,780	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,935	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,220	...	...
Not suitable only	170	...	...
Major repairs needed only	405	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,840	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,665	...	...
In core need	685	...	...
Not in core need	7,980	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,455	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,166	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	380,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	391,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,325	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,071	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	19,840	9,740	10,105
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	580	300	280
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	565	295	265
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	360	155	205
Métis single ancestry	195	140	60
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,530	745	790
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,485	720	765
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	820	405	415
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	645	320	330
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	17,735	8,695	9,045
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	19,840	9,735	10,105
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	18,910	9,300	9,615
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,510	1,800	1,710
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,400	7,495	7,900
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	935	440	495
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	19,840	9,735	10,105
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,735	8,735	8,995
Immigrants⁸¹	1,735	820	915
Before 1980	700	355	350
1980 to 1990	155	55	95
1991 to 2000	145	55	95
2001 to 2010	240	120	115
2011 to 2021⁸²	495	240	255
2011 to 2015	200	80	125
2016 to 2021	295	160	135
Non-permanent residents⁸³	375	180	190
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,735	820	920
Under 5 years	185	125	60
5 to 14 years	310	135	170
15 to 24 years	355	160	190
25 to 44 years	795	340	455
45 years and over	95	60	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,735	820	920
Americas	360	145	220
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	15	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	105	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	205	75	130
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0
Europe	750	370	375
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	15
Croatia	20	10	10
France	15	0	10
Germany	115	35	80
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	10	0
Italy	75	45	30
Netherlands	25	20	0
Poland	10	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	55	30	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	290	155	135
Other places of birth in Europe	85	45	40
Africa	155	75	75
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	25	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	90	35	50
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	20
Asia	445	210	240
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	25	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15
Taiwan	35	15	20
Philippines	175	70	100
Viet Nam	20	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	45	20	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	25	30
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	20	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	295	160	135
Americas	130	65	65
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	100	45	55
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	25	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	20	10	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	110	60	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	20	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	90	50	40
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	19,845	9,735	10,110
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,220	1,065	1,155
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,910	1,415	1,495
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,710	7,250	7,460
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,035	465	570
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	610	310	295
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	170	105
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	330	140	185
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	365	120	240
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	25	25
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,035	465	570
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	260	110	145
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	60	10	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	85	35	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	610	300	315
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	19,845	9,735	10,110
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,375	675	700
South Asian	365	185	180
Chinese	240	105	140
Black	190	95	95
Filipino	270	120	150
Arab	15	15	0
Latin American	70	25	45
Southeast Asian	115	55	60
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	30	20	15
Japanese	55	45	10
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	25	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,465	9,065	9,405
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	19,845	9,735	10,110
Canadian	2,810	1,400	1,410
English	6,370	3,040	3,330
Irish	3,665	1,660	2,005
Scottish	4,400	2,135	2,270
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,135	1,070	1,065
German	3,645	1,740	1,905
Chinese	200	95	110
Italian	1,280	680	600
Indian (India)	235	120	120
Ukrainian	1,280	645	635
Dutch	875	470	400
Polish	615	250	365
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	715	410	300
Filipino	205	75	130
French Canadian	185	95	100
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	340	165	170
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	575	250	325
Métis	905	480	420
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	450	255	195
Russian	665	320	345
Norwegian	1,060	480	580
Welsh	535	235	300
Portuguese	55	25	25
American	350	145	200
Spanish	145	55	90
Swedish	800	380	415
Hungarian	315	145	175
Acadian	25	25	0
Pakistani	10	0	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	30	40
Jewish	60	35	25
Punjabi	60	40	20
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10	10	0
Greek	45	35	10
Jamaican	45	20	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	95	50	45
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	75	90
Korean	30	15	15
Romanian	150	75	75
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	30	15	15
Danish	305	130	175
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	145	90	55
Sikh	40	10	25
Austrian	210	80	130
Belgian	95	40	50
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	10	30
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	85	25	55
Swiss	75	20	60
Finnish	155	50	110
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	95	55	35
Japanese	65	45	25
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	25	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	105	130
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	10	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	110	75	35
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	100	50	50
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	15	10	10
Ojibway	45	20	25
Newfoundlander	15	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	30	15	15
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	55	35	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	30	35
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	70	30	45
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	10	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	125	65	60
Australian	55	30	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	15
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	35	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	15	10
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	30	50
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	10	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	25
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	15	0	10
Indonesian	15	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	50	15	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	0	10
British Columbian	165	70	95
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	10
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	0	15
New Zealander	30	15	10
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	15	0	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	30	20	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	30	0	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	19,845	9,735	10,110
Buddhist	85	35	55
Christian	8,060	3,600	4,460
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,035	980	1,055
Anabaptist	55	20	35
Anglican	570	230	345
Baptist	290	115	180
Catholic	2,500	1,115	1,385
Christian Orthodox	100	55	50
Jehovah's Witness	165	50	110
Latter Day Saints	220	105	115
Lutheran	340	135	205
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	20	30
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210	85	125
Presbyterian	190	85	110
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	800	375	425
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	535	240	290
Hindu	120	50	75
Jewish	15	15	0
Muslim	45	30	20
Sikh	155	85	70
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	0	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	150	60	85
No religion and secular perspectives	11,190	5,860	5,325
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	19,715	9,675	10,045
Non-movers	17,090	8,440	8,645
Movers	2,635	1,235	1,395
Non-migrants	1,595	735	860
Migrants	1,040	505	535
Internal migrants	1,000	495	505
Intraprovincial migrants	600	275	320
Interprovincial migrants	400	215	185
External migrants	40	10	35
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	18,960	9,285	9,675
Non-movers	10,745	5,285	5,460
Movers	8,215	3,995	4,215
Non-migrants	3,580	1,735	1,850
Migrants	4,630	2,260	2,370
Internal migrants	4,205	2,075	2,130
Intraprovincial migrants	2,945	1,425	1,525
Interprovincial migrants	1,255	650	605
External migrants	425	190	235
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,840	8,205	8,640
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,000	1,610	1,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,840	6,590	7,250
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,135	5,060	5,080
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,080	595	485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,055	4,465	4,590
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,840	8,200	8,640
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,620	1,325	1,295
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,630	2,735	2,895
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,595	4,140	4,450
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,155	3,035	3,125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,805	1,470	340
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	565	310	255
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,235	1,160	75
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,930	1,415	2,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	425	150	275
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,435	1,110	1,325
Bachelor's degree	1,660	745	915
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	130	50	75
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	80	15
Master's degree	510	210	305
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,135	5,060	5,075
No certificate, diploma or degree	930	505	430
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,210	1,720	1,490
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,995	2,835	3,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,210	2,085	2,130
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,175	995	185
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	195	145
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	840	795	40
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,750	990	1,755
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	290	100	185
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,780	755	1,025
Bachelor's degree	1,245	525	720
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	45	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	40	15
Master's degree	365	130	235
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,840	8,200	8,640
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,250	4,065	4,190
Education	685	130	560
13. Education	685	130	560
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	190	115	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0
50. Visual and performing arts	140	75	65
Humanities	270	155	115
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	75	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	10
54. History	30	20	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	620	190	430
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	25	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	10	150
22. Legal professions and studies	105	15	90
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	105	45	60
45. Social sciences	165	85	80
Business, management and public administration	1,870	640	1,235
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	180	35	140
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,685	595	1,085
Physical and life sciences and technologies	265	135	130
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	35	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	35	50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	80	70	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	160	75	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	70	60
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,020	1,895	125
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	20
14. Engineering	105	85	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	405	360	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	605	595	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	615	585	25
48. Precision production	240	235	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	210	90
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	65	35	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	235	175	55
Health and related fields	1,625	270	1,350
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	70	85
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,415	165	1,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	40	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	325	260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	330	105	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	95	65	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	155	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,135	5,055	5,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,145	2,225	1,920
Education	445	75	375
13. Education	445	75	375
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	125	90	35
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	95	65	30
Humanities	210	120	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	50	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10
54. History	20	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	480	120	365
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	20	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	10	120
22. Legal professions and studies	90	15	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	0
42. Psychology	70	20	45
45. Social sciences	115	50	65
Business, management and public administration	1,340	460	880
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	30	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,185	435	755
Physical and life sciences and technologies	150	70	80
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	15	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	35	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	65	70
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	60	55
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,370	1,295	75
04. Architecture and related services	40	20	20
14. Engineering	80	65	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	260	235	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	415	415	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	400	380	10
48. Precision production	175	170	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	215	145	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45	20	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	130	45
Health and related fields	1,125	195	935
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	55	60
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	975	115	860
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	385	210	180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200	55	150
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	85	50	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	100	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,135	5,055	5,080
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,145	2,225	1,920
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	5,995	2,840	3,160
Location of study inside Canada	5,350	2,540	2,820
Same as province or territory of residence	3,630	1,660	1,975
Different than province or territory of residence	1,720	880	840
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	640	300	340
Americas	180	70	110
United States of America	160	60	100
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	90	50	35
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	10
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	40	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	75	35	40
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	280	125	155
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	30	20	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Philippines	105	40	65
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	115	55	60
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	20	15	0
Australia	20	15	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	16,845	8,200	8,640
In the labour force	10,400	5,335	5,065
Employed	9,640	4,965	4,675
Unemployed	765	370	395
Not in the labour force	6,435	2,870	3,570
Participation rate	61.7	65.1	58.6
Employment rate	57.2	60.5	54.1
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.9	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	16,840	8,200	8,640
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,510	2,855	3,655
Worked	10,330	5,345	4,985
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,120	2,980	2,135
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,210	2,365	2,850
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.3	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,405	5,330	5,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	85	115
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,200	5,245	4,955
Employee	8,985	4,570	4,420
Permanent position	7,700	4,035	3,665
Temporary position	1,290	535	750
Fixed term (1 year or more)	285	110	175
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,005	425	575
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,215	680	540
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,405	5,330	5,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	85	115
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,200	5,245	4,955
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	75	40	40
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,460	375	1,090
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	475	370	100
3 Health occupations	855	130	720
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,115	385	730
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	270	105	165
6 Sales and service occupations	2,970	1,135	1,835
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,360	2,175	185
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	340	275	65
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	285	255	30
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,405	5,330	5,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	85	115
All industries¹⁹¹	10,200	5,245	4,955
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	115	95	25
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	495	475	20
22 Utilities	45	35	10
23 Construction	855	730	130
31-33 Manufacturing	470	375	90
41 Wholesale trade	260	215	45
44-45 Retail trade	1,720	735	985
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	570	460	110
51 Information and cultural industries	135	90	45
52 Finance and insurance	310	100	210
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	130	55	75
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	435	220	210
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	405	235	170
61 Educational services	710	205	500
62 Health care and social assistance	1,465	255	1,205
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	105	130
72 Accommodation and food services	785	285	500
81 Other services (except public administration)	505	250	255
91 Public administration	535	300	235
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,195	5,720	5,475
English	11,060	5,690	5,370
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0
English and French	45	0	40
English and non-official language(s)	75	15	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,195	5,720	5,475
Single responses	11,195	5,720	5,475
Official languages	11,185	5,715	5,470
English	11,185	5,715	5,470
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	10	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,195	5,720	5,475
None	11,070	5,700	5,370
English	0	0	0
French	45	0	40
Non-official language	75	15	60
Indigenous³⁹	40	0	35
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,635	4,965	4,675
Worked at home	885	350	535
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10
No fixed workplace address	1,520	1,180	345
Usual place of work	7,205	3,415	3,785
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,200	3,415	3,785
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,675	2,330	3,340
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,040	795	240
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	60	15
Commute to a different province or territory	415	225	190
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,725	4,595	4,130
Car, truck or van	7,620	4,120	3,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,935	3,795	3,145
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	685	330	350
Public transit	70	45	25
Walked	795	305	485
Bicycle	85	50	35
Other method	160	75	85
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,725	4,595	4,130
Less than 15 minutes	5,920	2,735	3,190
15 to 29 minutes	1,360	725	640
30 to 44 minutes	525	345	185
45 to 59 minutes	295	245	50
60 minutes and over	620	550	70
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,725	4,595	4,130
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	600	455	145
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,275	780	495
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,050	1,240	810
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,265	875	1,395
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,215	455	755
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,320	785	535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,725	1,915	1,815
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	155	80	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,575	1,830	1,740
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,780	1,420	1,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	120	70	55
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	75	40	35
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,660	1,350	1,310

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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