Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Creston, Town (T)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	5,583	...	...
Population, 2016¹	5,361^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	2,810	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	2,670	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	664.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	8.41	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	5,580	2,605	2,975
0 to 14 years	665	315	350
0 to 4 years	190	85	100
5 to 9 years	225	100	130
10 to 14 years	250	130	125
15 to 64 years	2,770	1,315	1,450
15 to 19 years	225	105	120
20 to 24 years	220	120	100
25 to 29 years	220	110	105
30 to 34 years	240	120	120
35 to 39 years	245	105	140
40 to 44 years	265	135	130
45 to 49 years	235	105	135
50 to 54 years	295	140	155
55 to 59 years	385	170	220
60 to 64 years	435	205	225
65 years and over	2,150	980	1,170
65 to 69 years	570	250	315
70 to 74 years	520	250	270
75 to 79 years	395	170	220
80 to 84 years	330	155	170
85 years and over	345	150	195
85 to 89 years	210	105	110
90 to 94 years	115	40	70
95 to 99 years	20	10	15
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.9	12.1	11.8
15 to 64 years	49.6	50.5	48.7
65 years and over	38.5	37.6	39.3
85 years and over	6.2	5.8	6.6
Average age of the population	51.7	51.1	52.2
Median age of the population	57.6	56.8	58.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	2,670	...	...
Single-detached house	1,975	...	...
Semi-detached house	85	...	...
Row house	190	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	110	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	290	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	2,670	...	...
1 person	990	...	...
2 persons	1,110	...	...
3 persons	270	...	...
4 persons	180	...	...
5 or more persons	115	...	...
Number of persons in private households	5,375	2,525	2,845
Average household size	2.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	4,920	2,295	2,625
Married or living common-law	2,860	1,420	1,435
Married	2,395	1,190	1,205
Living common-law	460	230	230
Living common law - Never married	285	145	140
Living common law - Separated	25	10	15
Living common law - Divorced	130	65	65
Living common law - Widowed	25	5	15
Not married and not living common-law	2,065	875	1,190
Not married and not living common law - Never married	980	535	445
Not married and not living common law - Separated	185	70	115
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	420	155	270
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	475	115	365
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	1,610	...	...
2 persons	1,130	...	...
3 persons	225	...	...
4 persons	175	...	...
5 or more persons	90	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	1,615	...	...
Total couple families	1,370	...	...
Married couples	1,135	...	...
With children⁶	325	...	...
Without children	810	...	...
Common-law couples	230	...	...
With children⁶	75	...	...
Without children	155	...	...
Total one-parent families	250	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	190	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	60	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	5,375	2,525	2,845
Total - Persons in census families	4,080	1,980	2,100
Married spouses or common-law partners	2,730	1,365	1,365
Parents in one-parent families	250	55	190
Children⁶	1,100	560	540
In a two-parent family	720	375	350
In a one-parent family	380	185	190
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,290	545	750
Living alone	990	395	595
Living with other relatives⁷	105	40	60
Living with non-relatives only	200	110	90
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	2,670	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,475	...	...
Couple-family households	1,285	...	...
With children⁶	370	...	...
Without children	915	...	...
One-parent-family households	195	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	25	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	80	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	85	...	...
One-person households	990	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	4,710	2,215	2,495
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,635	2,185	2,445
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,635	2,185	2,445
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	36,800	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,020	1,925	2,095
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,400	31,000	18,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,610	1,315	1,295
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	36,400	22,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,105	1,885	2,220
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	15,600	14,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	160	170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,480	5,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	825	390	440
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	4,705	2,235	2,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,625	2,205	2,420
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	49,440	34,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,625	2,205	2,420
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,240	43,320	31,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,045	1,960	2,080
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,520	42,360	25,180
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,610	1,375	1,240
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	45,440	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,130	1,875	2,255
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,920	13,820	14,020
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	185	165
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	6,000	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	910	445	465
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,480	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	4,710	2,240	2,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,030	610	415
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	63,200	48,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,600	70,400	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,165	545	625
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,200	22,000	11,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,360	31,900	17,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	70.2	76.2	62.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	50.0	57.3	40.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	29.8	23.8	37.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.1	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	4,705	2,210	2,495
Without total income	80	30	45
With total income	4,630	2,185	2,445
Under $10,000 (including loss)	360	140	220
$10,000 to $19,999	695	245	445
$20,000 to $29,999	1,020	435	585
$30,000 to $39,999	705	295	410
$40,000 to $49,999	535	265	275
$50,000 to $59,999	370	195	175
$60,000 to $69,999	275	170	110
$70,000 to $79,999	190	115	70
$80,000 to $89,999	130	85	40
$90,000 to $99,999	110	65	40
$100,000 and over	240	165	75
$100,000 to $149,999	180	120	55
$150,000 and over	65	50	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	4,705	2,210	2,495
Without after-tax income	70	25	50
With after-tax income	4,635	2,185	2,450
Under $10,000 (including loss)	380	150	235
$10,000 to $19,999	710	250	460
$20,000 to $29,999	1,110	465	645
$30,000 to $39,999	785	345	440
$40,000 to $49,999	595	310	285
$50,000 to $59,999	345	195	155
$60,000 to $69,999	265	175	90
$70,000 to $79,999	160	105	55
$80,000 to $89,999	115	70	45
$90,000 to $99,999	55	45	15
$100,000 and over	115	75	35
$100,000 to $124,999	65	45	20
$125,000 and over	45	30	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	4,705	2,210	2,495
Without employment income	2,095	895	1,200
With employment income	2,610	1,320	1,295
Under $5,000 (including loss)	550	265	285
$5,000 to $9,999	215	95	115
$10,000 to $19,999	325	140	185
$20,000 to $29,999	265	95	165
$30,000 to $39,999	260	105	160
$40,000 to $49,999	245	125	125
$50,000 to $59,999	170	90	80
$60,000 to $69,999	130	85	50
$70,000 to $79,999	105	75	30
$80,000 to $89,999	85	70	20
$90,000 to $99,999	80	50	30
$100,000 and over	175	130	45
$100,000 to $124,999	100	75	25
$125,000 and over	75	60	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	4,710	2,215	2,495
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,545	2,140	2,405
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,800	25,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,555	2,140	2,415
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	34,000	24,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,990	1,920	2,075
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	31,400	19,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	2,840	1,410	1,425
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,200	31,000	20,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	3,605	1,600	2,005
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,100	14,600	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	270	145	125
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,000	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	4,705	2,235	2,470
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,555	2,150	2,405
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	47,000	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,560	2,150	2,405
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,760	28,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,975	1,920	2,055
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,920	42,880	25,540
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,840	1,460	1,385
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,680	41,400	25,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,675	1,590	2,080
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,810	11,950	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	280	160	115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	6,400	6,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	4,710	2,240	2,470
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,025	610	415
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,000	57,600	41,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,900	62,400	46,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,090	520	575
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	28,400	15,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	36,000	21,500
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.6	81.2	68.4
Employment income (%)	53.7	59.7	45.7
Government transfers (%)	24.4	18.8	31.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	2,670	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	990	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	1,685	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	2,670	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	980	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	1,685	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	2,670	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	140	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	135	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	185	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	160	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	115	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	255	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	225	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	170	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	160	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	140	...	...
$100,000 and over	610	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	250	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	145	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	140	...	...
$200,000 and over	75	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	2,670	...	...
Under $5,000	25	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	235	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	155	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	205	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	170	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	135	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	285	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	210	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	225	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	165	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	135	...	...
$100,000 and over	450	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	230	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	105	...	...
$150,000 and over	115	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	1,615	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	930	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	400	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	240	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,185	505	685
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,800	30,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	30,600	29,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	1,620	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	930	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	405	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	230	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,185	485	695
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,800	43,600	37,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,800	38,000	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	5,370	2,525	2,850
0 to 17 years	795	370	425
0 to 5 years	240	100	140
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,235	1,375
65 years and over	1,960	915	1,050
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	850	365	480
0 to 17 years	115	60	55
0 to 5 years	45	25	20
18 to 64 years	345	155	185
65 years and over	390	155	235
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.8	14.5	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	15.2	13.6
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	22.0	15.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.1	12.6	13.5
65 years and over (%)	20.0	16.8	22.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	5,375	2,525	2,845
0 to 17 years	790	370	425
0 to 5 years	240	105	135
18 to 64 years	2,615	1,240	1,375
65 years and over	1,965	915	1,045
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	140	75	70
0 to 17 years	20	10	5
0 to 5 years	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	100	55	45
65 years and over	25	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.6	3.0	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	2.8	1.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	6.0	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.6	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	5,370	2,525	2,845
In bottom half of the distribution	3,515	1,580	1,935
In bottom decile	685	305	380
In second decile	885	400	490
In third decile	720	310	410
In fourth decile	640	290	355
In fifth decile	585	280	310
In top half of the distribution	1,850	945	910
In sixth decile	495	250	245
In seventh decile	440	230	215
In eighth decile	385	195	190
In ninth decile	340	170	170
In top decile	195	100	90
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	5,375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.476	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	5,420	2,555	2,870
English only	5,205	2,460	2,740
French only	0	0	0
English and French	215	90	125
Neither English nor French	5	0	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	5,420	2,555	2,870
English	5,340	2,515	2,825
French	75	30	40
English and French	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	5,420	2,555	2,870
Single responses	5,345	2,525	2,825
Official languages	4,930	2,330	2,600
English	4,850	2,300	2,555
French	80	35	50
Non-official languages	415	195	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	190	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	155	170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	35
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	35	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	10	5
Russian	25	15	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	170	75	95
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	115	50	65
German	115	50	65
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	20	25
Afrikaans	10	0	5
Dutch	30	10	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5
Danish	10	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	40	25	15
Indo-Aryan languages	40	25	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	5
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	30	45
English and French	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	45	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	5,420	2,555	2,870
English	5,070	2,385	2,685
French	15	5	10
Non-official language	65	30	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	30
English and French	35	20	20
English and non-official language(s)	230	105	130
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	5,420	2,555	2,870
Single responses	5,360	2,525	2,840
Official languages	5,255	2,475	2,785
English	5,240	2,465	2,775
French	15	5	10
Non-official languages	105	50	55
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	55
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	30	35
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	15	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	5	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	60	25	30
English and French	5	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	5,420	2,555	2,870
None	5,190	2,445	2,745
English	35	15	20
French	30	15	15
Non-official language	140	65	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	70
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	5,375	2,525	2,845
Official languages	5,365	2,520	2,845
English	5,365	2,520	2,845
French	160	55	100
Non-official languages	605	270	335
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	605	270	335
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	0	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	475	220	250
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	35	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	0
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	195	100	95
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	125	75	55
German	125	75	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	40
Afrikaans	20	10	15
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20
Indo-Aryan languages	50	25	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	20	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	60	95
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	25	10	15
Portuguese	10	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	135	55	85
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30
Chinese languages	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	55	25	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	10	20
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,370	2,525	2,845
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	425	225	200
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	415	225	190
First Nations (North American Indian)	145	75	70
Métis	270	145	125
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	4,950	2,300	2,645
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	5,370	2,525	2,845
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	60	40	20
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	5,310	2,485	2,825
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	2,670	...	...
Owner	2,035	...	...
Renter	635	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	2,670	...	...
Condominium	215	...	...
Not condominium	2,460	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	2,670	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	255	...	...
2 bedrooms	860	...	...
3 bedrooms	865	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	680	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	2,670	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	620	...	...
5 rooms	485	...	...
6 rooms	500	...	...
7 rooms	255	...	...
8 or more rooms	815	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	2,670	...	...
One person or fewer per room	2,660	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	2,670	...	...
Suitable	2,600	...	...
Not suitable	70	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	2,670	...	...
1960 or before	650	...	...
1961 to 1980	885	...	...
1981 to 1990	255	...	...
1991 to 2000	405	...	...
2001 to 2005	105	...	...
2006 to 2010	185	...	...
2011 to 2015	120	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	2,670	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	2,520	...	...
Major repairs needed	145	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	2,670	...	...
One-maintainer household	1,505	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,080	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	90	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	2,670	...	...
15 to 24 years	50	...	...
25 to 34 years	270	...	...
35 to 44 years	285	...	...
45 to 54 years	290	...	...
55 to 64 years	430	...	...
65 to 74 years	725	...	...
75 to 84 years	370	...	...
85 years and over	255	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	2,655	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	2,180	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	470	...	...
30% to less than 100%	455	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	2,670	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	645	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	435	...	...
Not suitable only	50	...	...
Major repairs needed only	115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,025	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	2,635	...	...
In core need	230	...	...
Not in core need	2,405	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,015	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	45.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	675	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	945	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	350,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	640	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	25.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	948	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	5,370	2,525	2,850
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	55	35	25
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	55	35	25
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	30	25	10
Métis single ancestry	20	10	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	390	185	210
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	390	185	210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	115	115
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	75	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	4,925	2,305	2,615
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	5,375	2,525	2,850
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	5,130	2,415	2,715
Canadian citizens aged under 18	765	340	425
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	4,365	2,080	2,285
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	240	110	135
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	5,375	2,525	2,850
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	4,675	2,215	2,460
Immigrants⁸¹	635	270	360
Before 1980	340	150	190
1980 to 1990	65	25	35
1991 to 2000	55	20	40
2001 to 2010	35	20	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	55	80
2011 to 2015	35	15	25
2016 to 2021	95	40	55
Non-permanent residents⁸³	60	35	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	630	270	360
Under 5 years	60	40	20
5 to 14 years	90	50	45
15 to 24 years	170	85	85
25 to 44 years	250	85	160
45 years and over	70	20	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	630	270	360
Americas	165	60	110
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	15
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	100	30	70
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15
Europe	355	175	180
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	60	35	25
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	20	10	15
Italy	15	10	0
Netherlands	40	20	20
Poland	20	10	15
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	65	55
Other places of birth in Europe	35	15	20
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	90	40	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	20	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	15	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	15	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	0	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	95	40	55
Americas	30	10	20
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	15
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	20
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	10	0	10
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	5,375	2,525	2,845
First generation¹⁰⁰	730	330	400
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,025	465	560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	3,620	1,730	1,885
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	290	125	170
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	135	75	65
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	55	35	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	80	35	45
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	135	35	100
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	15	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	290	125	170
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	55	30	30
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	10	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	185	85	100
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	5,370	2,525	2,845
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	245	110	140
South Asian	80	45	35
Chinese	60	30	30
Black	20	0	15
Filipino	15	0	15
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	40	15	25
Southeast Asian	10	0	10
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	5,130	2,415	2,710
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	5,375	2,520	2,850
Canadian	780	360	420
English	1,430	630	800
Irish	745	315	435
Scottish	1,075	520	560
French, n.o.s.¹²²	520	245	275
German	1,035	485	545
Chinese	30	20	15
Italian	180	95	90
Indian (India)	55	35	20
Ukrainian	430	195	235
Dutch	260	130	135
Polish	220	80	135
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	260	120	140
Filipino	10	0	10
French Canadian	55	15	40
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	195	100	95
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	80	35	45
Métis	185	80	105
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	135	60	70
Russian	275	115	155
Norwegian	160	75	85
Welsh	130	35	95
Portuguese	40	20	20
American	145	55	95
Spanish	25	0	20
Swedish	125	60	65
Hungarian	80	25	50
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	0	10
Jewish	15	0	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	40	15
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	25	15	15
Lebanese	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	25	10	10
Danish	60	35	25
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	45	20	25
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	95	45	50
Belgian	30	15	10
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	25	0	20
Mennonite	45	30	15
Swiss	25	10	20
Finnish	35	10	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95	60	30
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	20	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	35	15	20
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	20	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	15	15
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	20	0	15
South African	20	10	10
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	10	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	75	35	45
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	0	15
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	15	10	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	5,370	2,525	2,845
Buddhist	25	0	20
Christian	2,525	1,095	1,430
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	465	210	255
Anabaptist	45	20	25
Anglican	240	115	130
Baptist	105	45	60
Catholic	575	225	350
Christian Orthodox	20	0	20
Jehovah's Witness	115	60	50
Latter Day Saints	135	70	75
Lutheran	140	65	75
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	50	30
Presbyterian	95	40	55
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	345	135	210
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	150	55	90
Hindu	35	20	10
Jewish	15	0	15
Muslim	0	0	0
Sikh	10	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	30	45
No religion and secular perspectives	2,675	1,370	1,310
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-movers	4,660	2,185	2,470
Movers	660	315	345
Non-migrants	355	160	195
Migrants	300	150	155
Internal migrants	300	150	155
Intraprovincial migrants	220	110	110
Interprovincial migrants	85	40	45
External migrants	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	5,165	2,445	2,715
Non-movers	2,765	1,305	1,460
Movers	2,400	1,135	1,260
Non-migrants	700	335	365
Migrants	1,700	800	900
Internal migrants	1,570	740	830
Intraprovincial migrants	1,130	510	620
Interprovincial migrants	435	225	210
External migrants	140	70	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,710	2,240	2,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,135	580	560
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,565	1,655	1,910
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,310	1,125	1,190
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	390	210	175
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,925	910	1,015
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,705	2,235	2,470
No certificate, diploma or degree	920	450	470
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,505	700	805
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,280	1,085	1,195
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,690	825	870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	535	405	130
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	245	140	105
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	295	265	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,025	385	645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	130	35	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	590	260	325
Bachelor's degree	430	185	250
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	0	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	15	0
Master's degree	95	50	45
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	2,310	1,120	1,190
No certificate, diploma or degree	320	185	140
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	740	370	370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,245	570	675
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	875	400	475
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	245	185	60
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	95	55	45
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	145	130	15
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	560	195	365
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	20	50
Bachelor's degree or higher	375	170	200
Bachelor's degree	285	120	160
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	15	10
Master's degree	60	35	20
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,710	2,235	2,470
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,430	1,150	1,280
Education	220	55	165
13. Education	220	55	165
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	15	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	10	30
Humanities	90	60	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	10	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	170	25	145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65
22. Legal professions and studies	30	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	30	0	25
45. Social sciences	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	320	70	245
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	30	0	25
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	285	70	220
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	35	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	15	10	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	20	10	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	560	525	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	45	40	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	95	90	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	195	185	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	165	160	0
48. Precision production	50	50	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	125	90	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	50	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	40	10
Health and related fields	440	70	370
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	25	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	410	45	365
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	210	115	95
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	110	35	80
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	15	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	60	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	2,310	1,120	1,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,060	550	510
Education	115	20	90
13. Education	115	20	90
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	20
Humanities	60	50	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	10	10
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	25	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	125	20	105
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	25	0	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	20
45. Social sciences	15	0	15
Business, management and public administration	170	40	130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	145	35	110
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	25	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	250	230	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	20	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	20	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	95	90	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	90	90	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	45	30
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	40	15	20
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	30	0
Health and related fields	260	60	200
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	20	10
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	230	40	190
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	120	60	65
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	75	20	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	15	0	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	2,310	1,120	1,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,060	550	510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	1,250	570	675
Location of study inside Canada	1,125	525	605
Same as province or territory of residence	735	320	415
Different than province or territory of residence	395	205	190
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	120	45	70
Americas	45	10	30
United States of America	35	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	10
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	35	15	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	15	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	4,705	2,235	2,470
In the labour force	2,230	1,180	1,050
Employed	2,030	1,095	935
Unemployed	200	85	115
Not in the labour force	2,480	1,055	1,420
Participation rate	47.4	52.8	42.5
Employment rate	43.1	49.0	37.9
Unemployment rate	9.0	7.2	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	4,710	2,235	2,470
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,440	1,045	1,400
Worked	2,265	1,195	1,075
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,045	615	430
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,225	580	645
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.6	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	2,225	1,185	1,045
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	55	15	35
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	2,170	1,165	1,010
Employee	1,740	925	810
Permanent position	1,410	775	630
Temporary position	325	150	175
Fixed term (1 year or more)	95	45	50
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	230	100	125
Self-employed¹⁹²	435	235	200
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	2,225	1,185	1,045
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	55	15	35
All occupations¹⁹¹	2,170	1,165	1,010
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	240	35	205
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	60	55	0
3 Health occupations	200	45	155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	260	85	175
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	15	25
6 Sales and service occupations	550	215	335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	475	445	40
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	105	45
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	180	160	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	2,225	1,185	1,045
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	55	15	35
All industries¹⁹¹	2,170	1,165	1,010
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	160	115	50
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	45	0
22 Utilities	10	10	0
23 Construction	160	150	15
31-33 Manufacturing	250	205	40
41 Wholesale trade	20	15	0
44-45 Retail trade	315	165	150
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	70	50	20
51 Information and cultural industries	15	10	15
52 Finance and insurance	30	10	25
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20	0	15
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	110	30	75
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	90	70	15
61 Educational services	130	30	95
62 Health care and social assistance	360	65	300
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	30	15	10
72 Accommodation and food services	130	55	75
81 Other services (except public administration)	135	60	80
91 Public administration	85	70	20
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	2,460	1,295	1,165
English	2,425	1,285	1,140
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	2,460	1,295	1,165
Single responses	2,460	1,295	1,165
Official languages	2,460	1,295	1,165
English	2,455	1,295	1,160
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	2,460	1,295	1,165
None	2,425	1,285	1,140
English	0	0	0
French	10	0	0
Non-official language	25	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	2,030	1,095	935
Worked at home	180	75	105
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	315	255	65
Usual place of work	1,525	765	760
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	1,525	765	765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,165	500	665
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	280	200	80
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	60	50	0
Commute to a different province or territory	20	10	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	1,845	1,015	825
Car, truck or van	1,505	855	650
Car, truck or van - as a driver	1,390	785	610
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	110	65	45
Public transit	15	15	0
Walked	240	85	155
Bicycle	50	45	0
Other method	30	10	15
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	1,845	1,015	825
Less than 15 minutes	1,405	685	715
15 to 29 minutes	265	185	85
30 to 44 minutes	65	50	15
45 to 59 minutes	20	20	0
60 minutes and over	85	75	10
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	1,845	1,015	825
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	155	115	40
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	315	220	95
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	475	285	190
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	395	140	255
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	180	65	120
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	320	190	130
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	810	380	435
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	785	365	415
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	605	285	315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	15	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	580	275	300

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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