Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
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Education
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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Surrey, City (CY)More information:
British Columbia
[Census subdivision]
Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 504,310 254,375 249,930 89.4 90.8 88.0
French only 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and French 21,780 9,785 12,000 3.9 3.5 4.2
Neither English nor French 37,925 16,020 21,900 6.7 5.7 7.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 521,015 261,675 259,330 92.3 93.4 91.3
French 3,185 1,600 1,580 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and French 2,705 1,265 1,435 0.5 0.5 0.5
Neither English nor French 37,335 15,755 21,585 6.6 5.6 7.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 525,225 261,070 264,155 93.1 93.1 93.0
Official languages 246,415 125,470 120,950 43.7 44.8 42.6
English 243,510 123,995 119,515 43.2 44.2 42.1
French 2,910 1,470 1,435 0.5 0.5 0.5
Non-official languages 278,810 135,605 143,205 49.4 48.4 50.4
Indigenous languages39 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 30 5 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 278,740 135,590 143,155 49.4 48.4 50.4
Afro-Asiatic languages 9,325 4,805 4,515 1.7 1.7 1.6
Berber languages 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 960 485 470 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 890 450 435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 8,330 4,295 4,035 1.5 1.5 1.4
Amharic 375 175 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 6,135 3,175 2,965 1.1 1.1 1.0
Aramaic languages 1,095 560 530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 360 190 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 630 320 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s. 100 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 660 350 310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 7,480 3,395 4,090 1.3 1.2 1.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 625 280 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 6,860 3,115 3,740 1.2 1.1 1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 22,930 10,080 12,850 4.1 3.6 4.5
Bikol 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 400 175 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 755 345 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 350 160 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 1,495 660 835 0.3 0.2 0.3
Indonesian 465 200 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 70 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 155 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 18,640 8,160 10,485 3.3 2.9 3.7
Waray-Waray 60 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 255 120 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 145 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 3,270 1,675 1,595 0.6 0.6 0.6
Kannada 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 1,275 650 625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 1,245 625 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
Telugu 610 330 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 182,190 90,590 91,600 32.3 32.3 32.3
Albanian 275 135 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 140 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 6,810 3,220 3,590 1.2 1.1 1.3
Baltic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 6,760 3,200 3,565 1.2 1.1 1.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 420 185 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 2,035 980 1,060 0.4 0.3 0.4
Russian 1,960 900 1,060 0.3 0.3 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 1,325 675 650 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 170 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 570 275 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 555 295 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 190 85 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 635 290 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 4,840 2,195 2,650 0.9 0.8 0.9
Frisian 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 2,940 1,345 1,595 0.5 0.5 0.6
German 2,860 1,315 1,550 0.5 0.5 0.5
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 1,380 610 770 0.2 0.2 0.3
Afrikaans 190 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 1,115 500 620 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 500 225 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 280 130 145 0.0 0.0 0.1
Icelandic 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 100 40 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 105 45 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 485 260 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 158,375 79,190 79,180 28.1 28.3 27.9
Indo-Aryan languages 154,250 77,085 77,170 27.3 27.5 27.2
Assamese 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 1,130 595 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
Gujarati 2,090 1,090 995 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 14,540 7,110 7,425 2.6 2.5 2.6
Kacchi 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 325 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 650 325 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 128,305 64,230 64,080 22.7 22.9 22.6
Rohingya 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 720 345 370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 5,820 2,895 2,925 1.0 1.0 1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 265 130 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 4,110 2,110 2,005 0.7 0.8 0.7
Baluchi 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 330 170 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 620 335 285 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 3,115 1,575 1,535 0.6 0.6 0.5
Dari 1,840 890 950 0.3 0.3 0.3
Iranian Persian 845 465 385 0.1 0.2 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 430 220 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 11,240 5,520 5,720 2.0 2.0 2.0
Catalan 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 1,145 605 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 1,825 850 975 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 700 340 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 7,565 3,710 3,850 1.3 1.3 1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 1,105 380 725 0.2 0.1 0.3
Korean 8,690 4,070 4,620 1.5 1.5 1.6
Mongolian 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 1,430 710 720 0.3 0.3 0.3
Akan (Twi) 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 20 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 85 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 335 165 170 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 160 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 195 90 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 65 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 140 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 39,485 18,540 20,945 7.0 6.6 7.4
Chinese languages 38,555 18,075 20,485 6.8 6.4 7.2
Hakka 220 90 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 28,080 13,085 15,000 5.0 4.7 5.3
Min Dong 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,620 765 850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Wu (Shanghainese) 265 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 8,165 3,900 4,270 1.4 1.4 1.5
Chinese, n.o.s. 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 905 450 450 0.2 0.2 0.2
Burmese 330 175 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kuki-Chin languages 165 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 280 140 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 245 120 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 760 310 445 0.1 0.1 0.2
Lao 500 240 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 255 70 190 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 575 305 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 15 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 395 215 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
Uyghur 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 930 435 495 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 165 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 715 335 375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 39,005 19,225 19,780 6.9 6.9 7.0
English and French 1,035 505 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
English and non-official language(s) 34,045 16,870 17,170 6.0 6.0 6.0
French and non-official language(s) 320 160 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 440 200 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 3,165 1,485 1,680 0.6 0.5 0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 253,560 128,190 125,370 44.9 45.7 44.2
French 520 260 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Non-official language 108,570 52,680 55,890 19.2 18.8 19.7
Indigenous39 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 108,555 52,670 55,880 19.2 18.8 19.7
English and French 2,475 1,170 1,310 0.4 0.4 0.5
English and non-official language(s) 187,700 92,565 95,135 33.3 33.0 33.5
French and non-official language(s) 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,030 1,365 1,665 0.5 0.5 0.6
Multiple non-official languages 8,220 3,990 4,235 1.5 1.4 1.5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 516,220 256,695 259,525 91.5 91.6 91.4
Official languages 319,050 159,795 159,255 56.5 57.0 56.1
English 318,180 159,360 158,825 56.4 56.9 55.9
French 870 440 435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-official languages 197,175 96,905 100,265 34.9 34.6 35.3
Indigenous languages39 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 197,155 96,900 100,255 34.9 34.6 35.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 6,615 3,300 3,315 1.2 1.2 1.2
Berber languages 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 605 290 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 570 275 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 6,000 3,005 3,000 1.1 1.1 1.1
Amharic 190 85 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 4,455 2,230 2,220 0.8 0.8 0.8
Aramaic languages 870 430 440 0.2 0.2 0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 285 145 140 0.1 0.1 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 490 235 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s. 100 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 470 245 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 5,055 2,275 2,780 0.9 0.8 1.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 380 175 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Vietnamese 4,670 2,100 2,575 0.8 0.7 0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 12,760 5,975 6,780 2.3 2.1 2.4
Bikol 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 430 210 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 145 65 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 810 380 430 0.1 0.1 0.2
Indonesian 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,710 4,995 5,710 1.9 1.8 2.0
Waray-Waray 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 160 75 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 2,160 1,075 1,080 0.4 0.4 0.4
Kannada 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 820 420 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 875 415 455 0.2 0.1 0.2
Telugu 390 195 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 130,065 65,130 64,940 23.1 23.2 22.9
Albanian 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 65 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 3,025 1,455 1,570 0.5 0.5 0.6
Baltic languages 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 3,020 1,450 1,570 0.5 0.5 0.6
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 855 415 440 0.2 0.1 0.2
Russian 1,230 600 630 0.2 0.2 0.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 515 245 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 160 65 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 265 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 210 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 425 205 225 0.1 0.1 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 240 110 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
German 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Afrikaans 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 180 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 120,525 60,430 60,095 21.4 21.6 21.2
Indo-Aryan languages 117,965 59,150 58,815 20.9 21.1 20.7
Assamese 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 720 370 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 1,330 695 635 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hindi 8,595 4,225 4,365 1.5 1.5 1.5
Kacchi 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 180 90 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 460 240 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 101,690 51,085 50,605 18.0 18.2 17.8
Rohingya 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 400 185 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 4,275 2,100 2,170 0.8 0.7 0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 135 70 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 2,560 1,280 1,275 0.5 0.5 0.4
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 225 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Parsi 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 400 220 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian languages 1,920 940 980 0.3 0.3 0.3
Dari 1,195 570 625 0.2 0.2 0.2
Iranian Persian 480 245 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 245 125 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 5,720 2,860 2,860 1.0 1.0 1.0
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 875 400 475 0.2 0.1 0.2
Romanian 310 150 155 0.1 0.1 0.1
Spanish 4,315 2,200 2,110 0.8 0.8 0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 475 205 275 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 7,100 3,340 3,760 1.3 1.2 1.3
Mongolian 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 620 305 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Akan (Twi) 75 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 240 140 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 210 120 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 30,875 14,585 16,285 5.5 5.2 5.7
Chinese languages 30,160 14,225 15,935 5.3 5.1 5.6
Hakka 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 23,165 10,915 12,245 4.1 3.9 4.3
Min Dong 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,015 480 535 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wu (Shanghainese) 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 5,575 2,635 2,940 1.0 0.9 1.0
Chinese, n.o.s. 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 695 355 340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Burmese 260 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 220 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 200 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 370 170 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 280 135 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 90 30 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 365 180 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Azerbaijani 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 275 135 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 230 115 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 200 100 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 48,005 23,600 24,410 8.5 8.4 8.6
English and French 465 220 245 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 45,880 22,615 23,265 8.1 8.1 8.2
French and non-official language(s) 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 1,275 580 690 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 564,230 280,295 283,935 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 401,355 200,300 201,055 71.1 71.5 70.8
English 68,390 34,125 34,265 12.1 12.2 12.1
French 2,525 1,170 1,355 0.4 0.4 0.5
Non-official language 69,385 33,495 35,895 12.3 11.9 12.6
Indigenous39 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 69,335 33,470 35,860 12.3 11.9 12.6
English and French 495 225 265 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 12,955 6,555 6,400 2.3 2.3 2.3
French and non-official language(s) 1,295 570 730 0.2 0.2 0.3
English, French and non-official language(s) 135 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 7,695 3,795 3,900 1.4 1.4 1.4
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 562,565 279,540 283,025 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 524,435 263,435 261,000 93.2 94.2 92.2
English 524,260 263,355 260,905 93.2 94.2 92.2
French 21,950 9,755 12,195 3.9 3.5 4.3
Non-official languages 350,315 171,120 179,195 62.3 61.2 63.3
Indigenous languages39 140 35 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages 60 10 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 50 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway languages 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 350,175 171,080 179,090 62.2 61.2 63.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 12,315 6,605 5,715 2.2 2.4 2.0
Berber languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 85 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 1,215 625 590 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 1,140 590 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 11,255 6,095 5,160 2.0 2.2 1.8
Amharic 800 420 375 0.1 0.2 0.1
Arabic 9,150 4,965 4,190 1.6 1.8 1.5
Aramaic languages 1,630 845 785 0.3 0.3 0.3
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 605 340 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 820 410 415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s. 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 235 155 80 0.0 0.1 0.0
Maltese 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 920 510 410 0.2 0.2 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 10,050 4,600 5,450 1.8 1.6 1.9
Khmer (Cambodian) 900 465 435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vietnamese 9,230 4,190 5,045 1.6 1.5 1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 32,095 14,070 18,025 5.7 5.0 6.4
Bikol 115 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 420 205 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 1,315 615 700 0.2 0.2 0.2
Fijian 410 205 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hiligaynon 670 290 380 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 2,650 1,110 1,545 0.5 0.4 0.5
Indonesian 655 305 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kankanaey 85 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 35 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 575 275 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 385 180 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 29,750 12,975 16,775 5.3 4.6 5.9
Waray-Waray 165 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 800 380 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 765 390 375 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 60 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 340 165 165 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 5,155 2,580 2,580 0.9 0.9 0.9
Kannada 465 240 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Malayalam 1,815 935 880 0.3 0.3 0.3
Tamil 2,465 1,255 1,200 0.4 0.4 0.4
Telugu 1,005 520 485 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tulu 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 233,380 116,675 116,700 41.5 41.7 41.2
Albanian 475 195 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Armenian 140 80 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 8,435 4,100 4,330 1.5 1.5 1.5
Baltic languages 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 8,405 4,090 4,310 1.5 1.5 1.5
Belarusian 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 145 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 565 260 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Macedonian 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 2,415 1,200 1,210 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 3,135 1,565 1,570 0.6 0.6 0.6
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 1,675 845 830 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bosnian 245 140 100 0.0 0.1 0.0
Croatian 965 475 490 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 705 355 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 290 135 155 0.1 0.0 0.1
Slovene (Slovenian) 100 35 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 1,025 445 585 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 7,255 3,400 3,850 1.3 1.2 1.4
Frisian 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 4,605 2,195 2,410 0.8 0.8 0.9
German 4,535 2,155 2,375 0.8 0.8 0.8
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 100 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,045 935 1,105 0.4 0.3 0.4
Afrikaans 575 305 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 1,410 615 795 0.3 0.2 0.3
Low German, n.o.s. 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 60 15 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 855 405 445 0.2 0.1 0.2
Danish 375 175 200 0.1 0.1 0.1
Icelandic 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 190 80 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 310 180 135 0.1 0.1 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 840 440 405 0.1 0.2 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 200,600 100,905 99,700 35.7 36.1 35.2
Indo-Aryan languages 196,220 98,650 97,570 34.9 35.3 34.5
Assamese 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 1,505 755 750 0.3 0.3 0.3
Gujarati 3,255 1,745 1,505 0.6 0.6 0.5
Hindi 61,500 30,165 31,335 10.9 10.8 11.1
Kacchi 235 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 230 130 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 665 370 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nepali 715 350 365 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 164,825 83,045 81,785 29.3 29.7 28.9
Rohingya 55 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,270 610 660 0.2 0.2 0.2
Urdu 11,290 5,895 5,395 2.0 2.1 1.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 675 345 330 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages 5,370 2,790 2,580 1.0 1.0 0.9
Baluchi 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 480 295 190 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 1,175 635 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian languages 4,070 2,080 1,990 0.7 0.7 0.7
Dari 2,510 1,240 1,270 0.4 0.4 0.4
Iranian Persian 1,200 660 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 415 210 205 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 18,360 9,060 9,300 3.3 3.2 3.3
Catalan 35 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 2,380 1,255 1,125 0.4 0.4 0.4
Portuguese 2,480 1,225 1,250 0.4 0.4 0.4
Romanian 970 495 470 0.2 0.2 0.2
Spanish 13,335 6,535 6,800 2.4 2.3 2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 2,460 1,120 1,340 0.4 0.4 0.5
Korean 9,835 4,570 5,265 1.7 1.6 1.9
Mongolian 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 3,220 1,620 1,595 0.6 0.6 0.6
Akan (Twi) 525 255 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 155 90 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 70 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 80 35 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 175 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 185 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 10 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 55 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 90 35 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 160 65 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 1,170 615 560 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 545 275 270 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 540 260 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 140 35 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 110 20 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 740 350 395 0.1 0.1 0.1
American Sign Language 655 300 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,015 21,815 24,200 8.2 7.8 8.6
Chinese languages 44,880 21,250 23,630 8.0 7.6 8.3
Hakka 465 215 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mandarin 36,980 17,420 19,565 6.6 6.2 6.9
Min Dong 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 3,075 1,455 1,620 0.5 0.5 0.6
Wu (Shanghainese) 410 190 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yue (Cantonese) 11,875 5,530 6,350 2.1 2.0 2.2
Chinese, n.o.s. 175 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,160 580 580 0.2 0.2 0.2
Burmese 650 335 315 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kuki-Chin languages 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 355 165 185 0.1 0.1 0.1
S'gaw Karen 320 145 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 95 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 100 60 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,105 530 575 0.2 0.2 0.2
Lao 670 330 340 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 500 225 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 40 30 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 975 535 440 0.2 0.2 0.2
Azerbaijani 50 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 810 465 345 0.1 0.2 0.1
Uyghur 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 1,145 510 630 0.2 0.2 0.2
Estonian 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 170 75 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 925 410 515 0.2 0.1 0.2
Other languages, n.i.e. 130 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 23, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

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